运筹学课程课件

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Manufacturing Processes
▪ Questions to ask when selecting a manufacturing process:
▪ What are the physical requirements of the company’s product? ▪ How similar to one another are the products the company makes? ▪ What are the company’s production volumes? ▪ Where in the value chain does customization take place (if at all)?
▪ Managers must make sure that the process they choose best supports their overall business strategy and the needs of their targeted customers.
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▪ Production Line – A type of manufacturing process used to produce a narrow range of standard items with identical or highly similar designs.
▪ Follows a product-based layout ▪ Steps are usually linked by some system that moves the items from one step
▪ Develop a product-based layout using line balancing, and develop a functional layout based on total distance traveled.
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the cost of making groups of similar products.
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Manufacturing Processes
▪ Fixed-Position Layout – A type of manufacturing process in which the position of the product is fixed.
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Manufacturing Processes
▪ Continuous Flow Processes - A type of manufacturing process that produces highly standardized products using a tightly linked, paced sequence of steps.
Chapter 3
Process Choice and Layout Decisions in
Manufacturing and Services
Chapter Objectives
Be able to:
▪ Describe the characteristics of the five classic types of manufacturing processes, and explain how different manufacturing process choices support different market requirements.
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Manufacturing Processes
▪ Batch Manufacturing – A type of manufacturing process where items are moved through the different manufacturing steps in groups or batches.
▪ Are the most common type of manufacturing process. ▪ The sequence of steps is not as tightly linked as a production line. ▪ Flexible Manufacturing Systems – Highly automated batch processes that can reduce
▪ Fits between job shops and lines in terms of production volumes and flexibility and strikes a balance between the flexibility of a job shop and the efficiency of a line.
manufacturers, and restoration and refurbishing work.
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Manufacturing Processes
Job Shop Processes
Figure 3.2
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Manufacturing Processes
▪ Product-based layout
▪ A type of layout where resources are arranged sequentially, according to the steps required to make a product.
▪ Closely resembles the production line process ▪ Form of product usually cannot be broken into discrete units. ▪ Examples include yarns and fabric, food products, and chemical products such
▪ Materials, equipment, and workers are transported to and from the product. ▪ Used in industries where the products are very bulky, massive, or heavy and
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Manufacturing Processes
▪ Job Shops – A type of manufacturing process used to make a wide variety of highly customized products in quantities as small as one.
▪ Functional layout
▪ A type of layout where resources are physically grouped by function.
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Manufacturing Processes
to the next. ▪ Suitable for high-volume production of product(s) characterized by similar
design attributes. ▪ Need high volumes to justify the required investment in specialized
▪ Some processes are particularly good at supporting a wide variety of goods or services, while others are better at providing standardized products or services at the lowest possible cost.
as oil and gas
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Manufacturing Processes
Production Line and Continuous Flow Processes
Figure 3.1
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movement is problematic. ▪ Examples include shipbuilding, construction projects, and traditional home
equipment and labor. ▪ Are inflexible with regard to items that do not fit the design characteristics of
the production line.
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▪ Characterized by general-purpose equipment and broadly skilled workers. ▪ Main emphasis is meeting a customer’s unique requirements. ▪ Product design is not standardized. ▪ Typically follow a functional layout. ▪ Examples include custom furniture, specialized machine tools used by