暨南大学外国语言文学综合考试2012年考研专业课初试真题
暨南大学外国语学院《706外语（英）水平考试》历年考研真题及详解
目 录2011年暨南大学706外语（英）水平考试考研真题及详解2012年暨南大学706外语（英）水平考试考研真题及详解2013年暨南大学706外语（英）水平考试考研真题及详解2014年暨南大学706外语（英）水平考试考研真题及详解2015年暨南大学706外语（英）水平考试考研真题及详解2016年暨南大学706外语（英）水平考试考研真题及详解2017年暨南大学706外语（英）水平考试考研真题及详解2018年暨南大学706外语（英）水平考试考研真题及详解2011年暨南大学706外语（英）水平考试考研真题及详解Part Ⅰ Grammar and V ocabulary (30 points)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C andD. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Write your answer onto the ANSWER SHEET.1. According to one belief, if truth is to be known it will make itself apparent, so one _____ wait instead of searching for it.A. would ratherB. had toC. cannot butD. had best【答案】D句意：根据一种信念，如果真理将会被人们知道的话，它总会自动现身，因【解析】此，人们最好是等待真理而不是去寻找真理。
had best意思是“最好”，相当于had better，最为符合句意。
would rather是“宁愿”。
had to是“必须，不得不”。
cannot but是“不得不，不禁”。
暨南大学2012年翻译硕士考研真题及答案
暨南大学2012年翻译硕士考研真题及答案历年真题是最权威的，最直接了解各专业考研的复习资料，考生要重视和挖掘其潜在价值，尤其是现在正是冲刺复习阶段，模拟题和真题大家都要多练多总结，下面分享暨南大学2012年翻译硕士考研真题及答案，方便考生使用。
暨南大学2012年翻译硕士考研真题及答案I. Word Translation (30 points)1. WIPO: 世界知识产权组织(World Intellectual Property Organization)2. UNESCO: 联合国教科文组织(United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization)3. Academy Awards: (美国)电影艺术科学院年奖;奥斯卡金像奖4. West Point: 〈美〉西点陆军军官学校; 西点军校5. Vogue: 时尚;流行6. Decentralization: 分散;非集权化7. Carve Her Name with Pride: 《女英烈传》(英国电影)8. Xenophobia：仇外;排外9. Ethnocentrism：民族优越感;民族中心主义;种族中心主义10. Holiday Inn：假日酒店;假日旅馆11. Irrevocable letter of credit：不可撤销信用证12. Appreciation of RMB: 人民币升值13. Financial turmoil: 金融风暴;金融危机14. Disposable chopsticks: 一次性筷子15. environment-friendly product: 环保产品SectionB Chinese to English (15 points)1. 国家安全部: Ministry of State Security2. 中国人民政治协商会议: the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference3. 常务委员会: Standing Committee4. 司法公正: judicial justice5. 科教兴国: make the country strong through science and education; rejuvenate the country through science and education6. 抗洪救灾: fight floods and provide relief7. 外向型经济: export-oriented economy8. 黄金储备: gold reserve9. 贸易逆差: trade deficit10. 温室效应: greenhouse effect11. 《道德经》: Tao Te Ching12. 伪科学: pseudoscience13. 文化摇篮: cradle of culture14. 《论语》: The Analects of Confucius15. 冲突主导关系: “conflict-dominant”relationshipII. Passage Translation (120 points)Section A English to ChineseA Farewell to Arms Ernest Hemmingway The plain was rich with crops; there were many orchards of fruit trees and beyond the plain the mountains were brown and bare. There was fighting in the mountains and at night we could see flashes from the artillery. In the dark it was like summer lightning, but the nights were cool and there was not the feeling of a storm coming.Sometimes in the dark we heard troops marching under the window and guns going past pulled by motor-tractors. There was much traffic at night and many mules on the roads with boxes of ammunition on each side of their pack-saddles and gray motor trucks that carried men, and other trucks with loads covered with canvas that moved slower in the traffic. There were big guns too that passed in the day drawn by tractors, the long barrels of the guns covered with green branches and green leafy branches and vines were laid over the tractors. To the north we could look across a valley and see a forest of chestnut trees and behind it another mountain on this side of the river. There was fighting for that mountain too, but it was not successful, and in the fall when the rains came the leaves all fell from the chestnut trees and the branches were bare and trunks black with rain. The vineyards were thin and bare-branched too and all the country wet and brown and dead with the autumn. There were mists over the river and clouds on the mountain and trucks splashed mud on the road and the troops were muddy and wet in their capes; their rifles were wet and under their capes the two leather cartridge-boxes on the front of the belts, gray leather boxes heavy with the packs of clips of thin, long 6.5mm cartridges, bulged forward under the capes so that the men, passing on the road, marched as though they were six months gone with child.参考译文：平原上有丰饶的庄稼;有许许多多的果树园，而平原外的山峦，则是一片光秃秃的褐色。
2012年华侨大学、暨南大学联合招生英语试题
2012年暨南大学、华侨大学招收港、澳、台、华侨、华人及其他外籍学生入学考试题目英语答卷时间：2小时Part I Listening Comprehension (30 points)Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. 4:45. B. 5:15. C. 5:30. D. 5:45.2. A. At home. B. In a restaurant. C. In a car. D. On the street.3. A. Colleagues. B. Husband and wife.C. Employer and employee.D. Mother and son.4. A. Listening to some loud music. B. Testing the earphones.C. Talking loudly on the phone.D. Preparing for the speech contest.5. A. Pick up his son from school. B. Meet the woman in her office.C. Work on a report.D. Prepare dinner for his son.6. A. She discussed the sports program with Mr. Wright.B. She is about to call Mr. Wright’s secretary.C. She will see Mr. Wright at lunch time.D. She failed to reach Mr. Wright.7. A. To find out more about the topic for the conference.B. To make a copy of the schedule for his friend.C. To get the conference schedule for the woman.D. To pick up the woman from the library.8. A. It can stand any crash. B. It is not as good as hers.C. It was once damaged.D. It is kept in good condition.9. A. Continue to read. B. Take a history lesson.C. Have some coffee.D. Meet with some friends.10. A. More sleep can get the man back onto the right track.B. Tiredness is a typical symptom of lack of exercise.C. The man should spend more time outdoors.D. People tend to work longer hours with artificial lighting.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. It is located in a college town. B. It’s composed of a group of old buildings.C. The classrooms are beautifully designed.D. The library is often crowded with students.12. A. 18,000. B. 1,800. C. 24. D. 9,000.13. A. Teachers there needn’t pay for their rent.B. There is not even a television set on campus.C. Students can take a walk in the desert in their spare time.D. Students have no choice but to study and take up challenges.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To take medicine. B. To sleep more.C. To work less.D. To go travelling.15. A. They are not harmful to the brain. B. They have more benefits than harm.C. They are not worth the price at all.D. They are valuable but costly.16. A. They damage a person’s mental health.B. They reduce a person’s chance of recovery.C. They slow down a person’s reaction to changes.D. They worsen a person’s existing troub le.Questions 17through 20 are based on the following passage.17. What’s the problem of some of the university students?A. They don’t spend all their time on studies.B. They don’t know what to do with their free time.C. They don’t have choices for outside class activities.18. How is the students’ high school life?A. Controlled and busy.B. Regular and colorful.C. Active and independent.19. According to the speaker, what is the role of outside class activities at university?A. To make students healthier.B. To improve students’ test scores.C. To enrich students’ experience.20. What does the speaker advise his students to do?A. Learn to enjoy themselves.B. Learn to be their own masters.C. Learn to develop their potential.Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, or D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:The Northeast is a very important part of the United States, for although it covers only about six percent of the nation’s geographica l area, it contains approximately one-fourth of the country’s population. New Y ork, the most popular city in the United States, and several other large cities are located in this region.Why are these states so important? In the first place, the Northeast was one of the first sections of the country to be settled by Europeans. Busy cities developed there when most of America was still a sparsely settled wilderness. Many crucial events in the nation’s early history took place there.Today the Northeast is a great manufacturing and trading region. Thousands of factories produce a wide variety of goods and provide other regions of the country with items they need. Many large manufacturing firms have their central headquarters here. Some of the country’s large st banks, investment agencies, and publishing houses are found in the Northeast. Several of its cities are noted for their fine museums. Some of the country’s best known colleges and universities are also located I this region.Finally the Northeast is th e principal location for much of the country’s international trade. In the heart of this region in New Y ork city is the home of the United Nations.21. What is this passage mainly about?A. The people of the NortheastB. The location of the nation’s ca pitalC. The development of the United StatesD. The significance of the Northeast22. How is the Northeast described in the passage?A. Small area, small populationB. Small area, large populationC. Large area, small populationD. Large area, large population23. According to the passage, why is the Northeast an important part of the United States today?A. It is visited by many touristsB. It was never a wilderness like the rest of the countryC. It is both a business and cultural center.D. It is the home of many modern historians24. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Many crucial events in the nation’s early history took place in a sparsely settled area.B. The Europeans who first came to the nation settled down in the Northeast.C. Industry and business developed rapidly in this regionD. New Y ork is the most important financial city in this region.25. We can infer from this passage that there are many _____ in the Northeast.A. large banks and investment agenciesB. fine museumsC. best known colleges and universitiesD. all of the aboveQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:Internet shopping is a new way of shopping. Nowadays, you can shop for just about anything from your armchair. All you need is a computer which is linked to the Internet. Shopping on the Internet is becoming increasingly popular. In the United States, people spent over $2.5 billion on Internet shopping in 1998. This figure is expected to reach $11 billion by the year 2004.People can shop for a variety of products on the internet. Physical products include items such as books, CDs, clothes and foods. These types of products are the most common purchases through the Internet. Y ou can also buy information products such as on-line news or magazine stories, or you can download computer software through the Internet. Services such as booking airline tickets, reserving hotels or renting cars are also available on the Internet. Y ou can also go shopping on the Internet for entertainment services and take part in on-line games.Internet shopping offers a number of benefits for the shoppers. The most important advantage is convenience. Y ou can shop when you like as the on-line shops are open 24 hours a day and you don’t have to queue with other shoppers at the checkout counters. Secondly, it is easy to find what you are looking for on the Internet, and you can tell the shop exactly what you want.The main disadvantage of Internet shopping is that you can’t actually see the p roducts you are buying or check their quality. Also, many people enjoy shopping in the city and miss the opportunity to talk to friends. Some people are worried about paying for goods using credit cards, so Internet companies are now finding ways to make on-line payment safe.Internet shopping is sure to become more and more popular in the years ahead. It promises to change the way we buy all kinds of things –from tonight’s dinner to a new car.26. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Internet shopping is a new way of shopping.B. Internet shopping is becoming increasingly popular.C. The advantages of Internet shopping are surely over the disadvantages of Internet shopping.D. Internet shopping has reached $11 billion by the year 200427. The phrase “Physical products” in Paragraph 2 means ______.A. things connected with sportsB. things useful for health careC. things that can be seen or feltD. things like on-line news or magazine stories28. The most important advantage about Internet shopping is _____.A. the speed the goods are delivered atB. The reasonable priceC. not mentioned in this passageD. the convenience it brings to you29. In the passage, which of the following disadvantages of Internet shopping is NOT mentioned?A. Customers can’t actually see the products they are looking forB. Customers can’t check the product’s quantity they are buying.C. Many people enjoy shopping in the city and miss the opportunity to talk to friendsD. Customers can’t check the qualities of their products.30. The last paragraph is mainly about _____.A. there being various problems with InternetB. Internet companies’ finding of a new way for paymentC. people’s enjoyment of a new way of shoppingD. nothing but disappointmentQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:Mrs. Black was having a lot of trouble with her skin, so she went to her doctor about it. He could not find anything wrong with her, however, so he went her to the local hospital for some tests. The hospital, of course, sent the results of the test direct to Mrs. Black’s doctor, and the next morning he telephoned her to give a list of the things that he thought she should not eat, as any of them might be the cause of her skin trouble.Mrs. Black carefully wrote all the things down on a piece of paper, which she then left beside the telephone while she went out to a ladies’ meeting.When she got back home two hours later, she found her husband waiting for her. He had a big basket full of packages beside him, and when he saw her, he said, “Hello, Dear, I have done all your shopping for you.” “Done all my shopping?” she asked in surprise. “But how did you know what I want?” “Well, when I got home, I found your shopping list beside the telephone,” answered her husband, “so I went down to the shops and bought everything you had written down.”Of course, Mrs. Black had to tell him that he had bought all the things the doctor did not allow her to eat!31.Why did Mrs. black go to her doctor?A. because she was having a lot of trouble with her skin.B. Because she could not find anything wrong with her sin.C. Because the doctor would tell her what things she could eat.D. Because she wanted to have some tests I the hospital32. What did he find after he examined her carefully?A. He found that her skin had been seriously hurt.B. He found that she should be sent to hospital immediately.C. He found the cause of her skin trouble.D. He could not find anything wrong with her.33. Why did the doctor telephone her the next morning?A. Because he wanted to tell her the things she should not eat.B. Because he wanted to inform her of the cause of her sin troubleC. Because he wanted to send her to the local hospitalD. Because he wanted to give her a list of things that she should eat.34. Where did she leave the list of the things she had written down?A. She left it in the hospitalB. She left it in a big basketC. She left it beside the telephoneD. She left it beside her35. Why had he down all his wife’s shopping?A. Because he wanted to share all these things with his wifeB. Because he had mistaken the things written down on the piece of paper for her shopping list.C. Because these are the things his wife wanted to buy.D. Because these are the things the doctor wanted her to eat.Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:For many young people lucky enough to get a job after leaving school of college, the biggest shock of the transition to work is how few holidays they get.Many would jump at the chance to take three months off –and that’s exactly what happened at Virgin Atlantic, the airline run by Richard Branson. He believes the New initiative could help to reduce unemployment.Faced last autumn with the recession and with its failure to acquire more flight slots out of Heathrow airport, the company was having to consider redundancies. Mr. Branson wrote to staff saying that cutting back on jobs was “something I have never wanted to do”. Instead he invited employees to tak e up to six months unpaid leave and to participate in a job sharing scheme.The immediate crisis passed but the idea of a shorter working year took off. When the company later asked for 300 volunteers to take three months unpaid leave, 450 put their name forward. Mr. Branson said: “To be fair and share it around , in some cases we said that people could only take six weeks.”Most of the volunteers were cabin crew but other staff, including secretaries and pilots, took advantage of the offer as well. “Ad when they came back from their break…they definitely seemed to enjoy work more,” he said.the company tends to recruit and train its own staff from scratch. As Mr. Branson said: “If you’ve been at college or on the dole, working for only nine months still makes you a lot better-off financially than you were before.” He believes there is a broader social benefit to be achieved. “If you are only taking on people for nine months, that will enable others who would otherwise have no work or be living on the dole to have a chance too.”And he goes further. “I think this should be the basis of a pattern across the whole European Community for the first few years of working life.”36. The New initiative (Para.2) refers to be _____.A. initial reactionB. starting pointC. new ideaD. unpaid-leave scheme37. When Virgin Atlantic was considering redundancies, the staff were encouraged to _____.A. leave Virgin AtlanticB. take unpaid leave and join in a job sharing schemeC. take a six-month holiday and attend training coursesD. acquire more flight slots out of Heathrow airport38. The idea of a short working year seemed especially attractive to _____.A. new recruitsB. older staffC. cabin crewD. pilots and secretaries39. The long break turned out t o have a/an _____ effect on the staff’s attitude to their work.A. positiveB. negativeC. uncertainD. arbitrary40. The phrases on the dole (Para.6) means _____.A. studying at collegeB. being dependent on parentsC. working as a cabin crew memberD. being unemployed and receiving money from the governmentPart III Vocabulary (20 points)Section A (10 points)Directions: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best competes the sentence. Then mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.41.How long can the students _____ the book? They need it badly for their project report.A. borrowB. getC. lendD. keep42.A large number of pigs and ducks are _____ in Mr. Jeremy Smith’s farm.A. raisedB. increasedC. liftedD. brought43.The government yesterday held a press conference to _____ the introduction of electric powervehicles on 1 April.A. progressB. promoteC. puzzleD. prepare44. No one was injured because when the fire started, the fire alarm _____ immediately.A. went upB. went awayC. went downD. went off45.When he started to develop the new product, Mr. Brown was _____ of his knowledge of largestcustomers.A.carefulB. anxiousC. confidentD. active46.Mrs. Porter has been absent from work for three days because she has to _____ her mother in hospital.A.look atB. look up toC. look likeD. look afterst night it rained heavily and the cinema was almost empty. _____ people went to see the film.A.Quite a fewB. FewC. A great manyD. A number of48. How _____ can the engineers of ABC International Company finish designing the museum?A. soonB. longC. oftenD. rapid49. Our English teacher is very popular with the students because he has a good _____ of humorA. sceneB. senseC. spotD. sensitivity50. After the earthquake _____ were put up and fresh water was brought into the city.A. shadeB. sheetsC. sheltersD. shiftsSection B (10 points)Directions: There are 10 sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined part. Then mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.51. There was a sharp fall in profits because of the increasing competition and the economic recession.A. dramaticB. slightC. slowD. steady52. The manager was requested to send the latest price list to the customer as soon as possible.A. regrettedB. repliedC. askedD. forced53. The injured football player should be sent to hospital in no time.A. hardlyB. necessarilyC. effectivelyD. immediately54. He was disappointed to find his suggestions turned down at the monthly meeting.A. consideredB. rejectedC. admittedD. regarded55. The terrible noise from the airport simply drove me crazy and I finally moved to a small village.A. madeB. encouragedC. motivatedD. persuaded56. All the leading newspapers reported the trade talks between China and the United States.A. currentB. majorC. overseasD. local57. The teacher says it’s not how much you read but what yo u read that really counts.A. mattersB. numbersC. caresD. proves58. Language competence is very important in both business and social settings.A. confidenceB. courseC. accuracyD. ability59.He was ill so he had to stay in bed for three months, feeling as if he was isolated from the outsideworld.A. cut outB. cut offC. cut upD. cut down60. We were all excited that he set a new record for the 100-metre race in Asian Games.A. wroteB. wonC. establishedD. noticedPart IV Grammatical Structure (10 points)Directions: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.61. I’m afraid that the milk is too hot for my baby _____ this moment.A. drinksB. to drinkC. for drinkingD. to drink it62. A large number of the club members _____ from south and the number _____ increasing these years.A. is; has beenB. are; has beenC. is; have beenD. are; have been63. The result of the competition turned out to be very good, _____ was out of his expectation.A. whichB. itC. whatD. this64. I would rather _____ any medicine now as I have already recovered.A. not to takeB. take notC. to take notD. not take65. The director suggested that the story _____ into a movie soon.A. be madeB. was madeC. madeD. is made66. _____ is of great significance for all citizens _____ the traffic regulations.A. This; followB. That; followC. There; followD. It; to follow67. Y ou ought _____ the incident to the director last week.A. to have reportedB. to reportingC. to reportD. to be reported68. Let’s call a meeting this Friday, _____?A. can weB. do weC. will weD. shall we69. We are not sure about _____ tomorrow. Could you tell me in great details?A. what we should doB. we should do whatC. what should we doD. should we do what70. This apartment is ____ that one.A. three times as big asB. three times the sizeC. as three times the sizeD. three times as bigger asPart V Cloze (20 points)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage Then mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Susan Cleveland is the young president of a candy company in Chicago. Her father started the company in 1960s. He died three years ago. Now, the company belongs to Susan.Susan, however, did not have any experience before becoming head of the company. She had just finished 71 .The employees became even more concerned 72 Susan’s first months on the 73 . Mr. Cleveland had been a strong leader. But Susan 74 many employees to make their own 75 .One employee said: “Old Mr. Cleveland always 76 us what to do. He kept people on a short leash. But the company did 77 .What does a “short leash” mean? A leash is 78 rope. We use a leash to 79 our pet dogs. The leash keeps the dog from running away 80 getting into trouble.Keeping a 81 on a short leash means keeping him or her under 82 control. The person can’t make many decisions for himself or herself.Ms. Cleveland 83 keep her workers on a short leash. 84 , she encourages them to get better ways to do business.For example, her secretary proposed an idea. She said the company should give a 85 to the best student in the high school near its factory. The 86 could use the prize money to study at a university.Ms Cleveland 87 the idea. After the prize was announced, people who lived in this area of the factory began to buy 88 of the company’s candy. Local newspapers 89 the competition. Business improved.Ms. Cleveland made her secretary the company’s first Director of 90 Relations. The formersecretary was very pleased.71. A. office B. holiday C. college D. journey72. A. on B. during C. with D. for73. A. duty B. power C. company D. job74. A. suggested B. permitted C. promised D. forbade75. A. discovery B. preparations C. money D. decision76. A. told B. explained C. wanted D. asked77. A. badly B. well C. so D. not78. A. a roll of B. a sheet of C. a kind of D. a ray of79. A. feed B. play with C. talk to D. walk80. A. or B. and C. but D. so81. A. dog B. thing C. company D. person82. A. open B. poor C. close D. short83. A. does not B. has to C. never D. would rather84. A. In fact B. Instead C. In other words D. On the other hand85. A. honor B. bill C. reward D. prize86. A. winner B. students C. workers D. teachers87. A. promised B. refused C. appreciated D. raised88. A. plenty B. most C. less D. more89. A. told B. wrote about C. printed D. talked90. A. Friendly B. Social C. Public D. InternationalPart VI Proof Reading (10 points)Directions: Read each line carefully to find out the mistakes.Part VII Composition (20 points) (任选一题)Directions: Write on ONE of the following topics on the Composition Sheet. A 200–250 word limit is required. (作文请写在作文纸上)I.Write a composition of no less than 200 words in three paragraphs. You are given the first sentence of each of paragraph and are required to develop the idea in completing the paragraph. Your part of the composition should be no less than 200 words, not including the words given.Living in School Dormitories or Living off Campus1. Some students prefer to live on campus. There are many advantages of living in school dormitories. __2. However, others would rather live off campus. They have a lot of good reasons. ____3. In my opinion, I will choose to live _____II. Look at the following pictures and write a composition of no less than 200 words based on these pictures.This term the Students’ Union of your middle school is planning to organize the following four activities: spending a day with the children in a village; visiting the home for the aged; collecting rubbish on the beach and planting trees. Y ou are asked to write a letter to the headmaster of your school to inform him/her of your plan and make a request for help. Y our letter should include the following:1. Y our purpose of writing the letter2. introduction of the four activities3. the benefits of the four activities4. the possible difficulties you will meet in the four activities5. request for help from the headmaster2012年暨大、华侨两校联考英语试题答题卡name ____________It’s easier to go downhill than climb uphill; so it’s 91. __________easier to fall into bad habits than into good one. 92. __________ Bad habits do not come suddenly. They come little 93. __________by little. Schoolboys first picked up a little in school 94. __________and on the streets When they cannot do them homework, 95. __________they had copy from their schoolmates. If there are older 96. __________boys smoking, they also want to learn to smoke. When 97. __________they get older the habits become more stronger and 98. __________stronger, so that they can no longer getting rid of them. 99. __________What necessary it is that we get rid of the bad habits at the 100. _________begging.Composition:。
2012年暨南大学外国语言学及应用语言学考研真题(一),参考书及复试线,考研复习规划
2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题*********************************************************************学科、专业名称：英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学研究方向：各方向考试科目名称：外语（英）水平考试考试科目代码：706Part I Grammar and Vocabulary(30points)Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence or best explains the underlined word.Write your answer onto the answer sheet.1.Money and beauty,fame and status,______for quite a long time vanished in the blink of an eye.A.he had possessedB.that he had possessedC.and he had possessedD.those he had possessed2.A series of high technology products______in the exhibition.A.has been laid outB.have been laid outC.has laid outD.have laid out3.The teacher,along with all his students,______have a picnic this weekend.A.are going toB.is going toC.they willD.who will4.The Titanic turned just in time,______the immense wall of ice.A.narrow missedB.narrow missingC.narrowly missedD.narrowly missing5._______,ideas can be expressed accurately and effectively.ed simple sentencesing simple sentencesC.You use simple sentencese simple sentences6.The largest collection ever found in England was one of about200,000silver pennies,_______.A.all of them were over600years oldB.all of whom were over600years oldC.all of them over600years oldD.all of that was over600years old7.On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park,_______.A.their parents seat together jokingB.their parents seated together jokingC.their parents seating together jokingD.their parents were seated together joking8.I programmed my computer to scan for viruses_________.A.every time it turns onB.every time when it turns onC.every time turning onD.every time turned on9.Food is to men_______.A.like oil is to machineB.as oil to machineC.oil is to machineD.what oil is to machine10._______may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.A.A fashion differs from country to countryB.That fashion differs from country to countryC.This Fashion differs from country to countryD.The fashion differs from country to country11._______is the lotus plants growing in the water.A.What makes the river more beautifulB.That makes the river more beautifulC.Making the river more beautifulD.Made the river more beautiful12.Jack rose to fame swiftly after a boxing match________.A.when he is only sixteen years oldB.when being only sixteen years oldC.when only sixteen years oldD.when been only sixteen years old13._______,he was quickly forgotten.A.After he had defeated by JacksonB.He was defeated by JacksonC.After defeated by JacksonD.After defeated Jackson14.No one can settle the question_______.A.whether the new rule should be adoptedB.that the new rule should be adoptedC.what the new rule should be adoptedD.the new rule should be adopted15.The lights were high up on the cliffs________.A.,thus she knew she was near the shoreB.thus she knew she was near the shoreC.,thus,she knew she was near the shoreD.;thus,she knew she was near the shore16.However,at intervals of10to100years,these glaciers move forward up to100times faster than usual.A.recordsB.speedsC.distancesD.periods17.In the United States,Louis Comfort Tiffany(1843-1933)was the most noted exponent of this style,producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces,which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today A.valued B.universal C.uncommon D.preserved18．They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline,are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor,and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group.A.avoid repeatingB.talk aboutC.avoid thinking aboutD.find a solution for19.Since then,over100tons of fossils,1.5million from vertebrates,2.5million from invertebrates, have been recovered,often in densely concentrated tangled masses.A.buried beneathB.twisted togetherC.quickly formedD.easily dated20.The asphalt at La Brea seeps to the surface,especially in the summer,and forms shallow puddles that would often have been concealed by leaves and dust.A.highlightedB.coveredC.transformedD.contaminated21.The ocean bottom---a region nearly2.5times greater than the total land area of the Earth---isa vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted,until about a century ago,the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible,hidden beneath waters averaging over3,600meters deep.A.unrecognizableB.unreachableC.unusableD.unsafe22.The DSDP's drill ship,the Glomar Challenger,was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean's surface and drill in very deep waters,extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor.A.breakingB.locatingC.removingD.analyzing23.For every three Canadians in1945,there were over five in1966.In September1966Canada's population passed the20million mark.Most of this surging growth came from natural increase.A.newB.extraC.acceleratingD.surprising24.When the prairies were being settled,undoubtedly,the good economic conditions of the1950's supported a growth in the population,but the expansion also derived from a trend toward earlier marriages and an increase in the average size of families.A.tendencyB.aimC.growthD.directive25.It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century.A.surpassedB.inclinedC.expressedD.applied26.The purpose of an advertisement is to make people respond---to make them react______an idea,such as helping to prevent forest fires,or to make them want to buy a certain product or service.A.againstB.withC.toD.for27.To find proof,you have only to_______a magazine or newspaper or count the radio or television commercials that you hear in one evening.A.put upB.keep upC.take overD.leaf through28.Whatever the government and parents decide,though,it is really the children who have to______their decisions!A.live up toB.live toC.live withD.live on29.To communicate,the man often resorts______body language.A.toB.intoC.overD.with30.Motives or reasons for changing careers vary widely,but many people move because they feelstale or______a grinding or dull routine.A.bound toB.fed up withC.filled withD.accustomed toPart II Proof-reading and Error Correction(10points)Directions:Proofread the given passage as instructed.The passage contains TEN errors.Each indicated line contains a maximum ONE error.In each case,only ONE word is involved.You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word Underline the wrong and write the correct one inthe blank provided on the answer sheet.For a missing word Mark the position of the missing word with a“∧”sign and write the word you believe to be missingin the blank provided on the answer sheet.For an unnecessary word Cross the unnecessary word with a slash“/”andput the word in the blank provided on the answersheet.The misfortunes of human beings may be divided into two classes:Firstly,those inflicted by the non-human environment and,second,those inflicted by other people.As mankinds have progressed in knowledge and technique,the second class has become continually increasing percentage of the total.In old times,famine,for example,was due to natural causes,although people did their best to combat it,large numbers of them died of starvation.At the present moment large parts of the world are faced the threat of famine,but although natural causes have contributed to the situation,the principal causes are human.For six years the civilized nations of the world devoted all their best energies to kill each other,and they find it difficult suddenly to switch over to keeping each other live.Having destroyed harvests,dismantled agricultural machinery,and disorganized shipping,they find it no easy matter to relieve the shortage of crops in one place by mean of a superabundance in another,as would easily be done if the economic system was in normal working order.As this illustration shows,it is now man that is man's worst enemy. Nature,it is true,still sees to that we are mortal,but with the progress in medicine it will become more and more common for people to live until they have had their fill of life.We are supposed to wish to live for ever and to look forward to the unending joys of heaven,of which,by miracle,the monotony will never grow stale.But in fact,if you question any candid person who is no longer young,he is very likely to tell you that,having tasted life in this world,he has no wish to begin again as a'new boy'in another.For the future,therefore,it may be taken that much the most important evils that mankind have to consider are those which they inflict each other through stupidity or malevolence or both.Part III Cloze(20points)Directions:There are20blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A),B), C)and D)at the end of the passage.You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Nowadays,more people are living closer together,and they use machines to produce leisure.As a result,they find that their leisure,and even their working hours,become(1)_____by a byproduct of their machines,(2)_____,noise.Noise is in the news;it has acquired political(3)_____,and public opinion is demanding,more and more(4)_____,that something(5)_____about it.To control noise is to demand much(6)_____(annoyance arises often from(7)_____of common courtesy),a sense of proportion(there is usually a(8)_____of interest if a noise is to bestopped),the(9)_____of money(and it is far more economical to do this early(10)_____than late), and,finally,technical knowledge.Though the(11)_____cure for noise is to stop it at its source,this may in many(12)_____be impossible.The next(13)_____is to absorb it on its way to the ear.Domestic noises may be controlled by forethought and(14)_____,and industrial noises by good planning and technical (15)_____.But if we are going to(16)_____fast motor-cycles and heavy(17)_____lorries to pass continuously through residential and business(18)_____,the community must decide(19)_____ the control it needs to(20)_____,for in the long run it has got to pay for it.1.a.damaged b.spoilt c.destroyed d.interfered2.a.unexpectedly ly c.ideally d.swiftly3.a.standard b.status c.position d.situation4.a.persistently b.permanently c.insistently d.stubbornly5.a.be done b.to be done c.is done d.being done6.a.self-confidence b.self-reliance c.self-discipline d.self-respect7.a.reason ck c.virtue d.deficiency8.a.controversy b.contrast c.contradiction d.conflict9.a.accumulation b.expenditure c.depreciation d.distribution10.a.other b.more c.rather d.better11.a.hopeful b.definite c.ideal d.expected12.a.cases b.conditions c.presentations d.circumstances13.a.remedy b.solution c.method d.procedure14.a.courtesy b.meditation c.politeness d.precaution15.a.perfection b.improvement c.acknowledgement d.adoption16.a.allow b.let c.prohibit d.approve17.a.decent b.diesel c.decibel d.datum18.a.regions b.districts c.zones d.territories19.a.for b.at c.with d.on20.a.practice b.exercise c.obtain d.acquirePart IV Reading Comprehension(30points)Directions:In this part of the test there are three reading passages followed by a total of15multiple-choice questions.Read the passages and then write your answers on the answer sheet.Passage1As the21st century begins,a number of leaders in politics,education,and other professions believe that the United States must adopt some new values to go along the older traditional ones. What new values should Americans adopt?This is a very difficult question to answer.Certainly,a greater value should be placed on the conservation of natural sources;Americans should learn to use less and waste less.But conservation has never been a strong value to Americans,who have believed that their country offered an endless,abundant supply of natural resources.Recently, progress has been made–more and more Americans are recycling their paper,cans,bottles,and other goods–but old wasteful habits die hard.Furthermore,their need to protect the environment may conflict with the need for job,as in the Northwest,where conservationists battle lumbercompanies that want to cut down ancient redwood trees.A belief in the value of conservation is still weak compared with other American values;it can become stronger only as Americans see the need for it more clearly.In addition,Americans may need to place a stronger value on cooperation on a national scale to achieve important national objective.The American idea of the national good has never been based on national cooperation but rather on the freedom of the individual,maintaining those conditions that provide the greatest freedom and prosperity for the individual.It is far more difficult for Americans to accept shared sacrifice for the common good and wellbeing of the entire country.For example,although the majority of Americans believe that is extremely important to balance the national budget and reduce the deficit,they do not want to see cuts in government programs that benefit them personally.The American value of competition also hinders the development of a spirit of national petition sometimes encourages feelings of suspicion rather than the mutual trust that is necessary for successful national cooperation.Although Americans often cooperate successfully on the local level–in neighborhood groups and churches,for example they become suspicious when the national government becomes involve.For example,on the national level,they may see themselves as part of an interest group that is competing with other interest groups for government funds.A request by the national government for shared sacrifice may be seen as coercive and destructive rather than voluntary and constructive.However,the demands of the21st century may compel Americans to place a greater value on national cooperation to solve problems that affect them all,directly or indirectly.1.What new values should Americans adopt?A.Conservation and cooperation.B.Cooperation and competitionC.The need for jobs.D.The freedom of the individual.2.Which of the following is NOT the reason that conservation has never been a strong value?A.Americans stick to old wasteful habits.B.Americans believe their country is abundant with natural resources.C.Many people will lose their jobs on account of conservation.D.It is difficult to recycle paper,cans,bottles and other goods.3.The word“good”in“the national good”in the second paragraph probably means__________.A.virtueB.contributionC.benefitD.property4.The foundation of the American idea of the national good is__________.A.national cooperationB.the freedom of the individualC.shared sacrificeD.mutual trust5.The author writes the passage__________.A.to list the new values the United States must adoptB.to explain the necessity to adopt new valuesC.to tell the reader it is impossible to adopt new valuesD.to state that new values have replaced the ole onesPassage2People do not analyze every problem they meet.Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a similar problem.They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people.Other times they begin to act without thinking;they try to find a solution by trial and error. However,when all these methods fail,the person with a problem has to start analyzing.There are six stages in analyzing a problem.First the person must recognize that there is a problem.For example,Sam’s bicycle is broken, and he cannot ride it to class as he usually does.Sam must see that there is a problem with his bicycle.Next the thinker must define the problem.Before Sam can repair his bicycle,he must find the reason why it does not work.For instance,he must determine if the problem is with the gears,the brakes,or the frame.He must make his problem more specific.Now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions.For instance,suppose Sam decided that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the gear wheels.At this time,he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about gears.He can talk to his friends at the bike shop.He can look at his gears carefully.After studying the problem,the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as an illustration.His suggestions might be:put oil on the gear wheels;buy new gear wheels and replace the old ones;tighten or loosen the gear wheels.Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem.Sometimes the final idea comes very suddenly because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a new way.Sam,for example,suddenly sees that there is a piece of chewing gum between the gear wheels.He immediately realizes the solution to his problem:he must clean the gear wheels.Finally the solution is tested.Sam cleans the gear wheels and finds that afterwards his bicycle works perfectly.In short,he has solved the problem.6.As used in the first paragraph,the phrase“by trial and error”means__________A.refer to othersB.by accidentC.consult teachersD.through experiments6.What is the main idea of the first paragraph?A.People do not always analyze the problem they meet.B.People often accept the opinions or ideas of other people.C.People may learn from their past experience.D.People cannot solve some problems they meet.7.In analyzing a problem we should do all the following EXCEPT__________.A.recognize and define the problemB.look for information to make the problem clearerC.have suggestions for a possible solutionD.find a solution by trial and error8.What is the author’s purpose of referring to Sam’s broken bicycle?A.To illustrate the ways to repair his bicycle.B.To discuss the problems of his bicycle.C.To tell us how to solve a problem.D.To show us how to analyze a problem.9.What is the best title for this passage?A.How to Recognize and Define Problems.B.Six Stages for Repairing Bicycles.C.Stages of Problem Analysis.D.Analyzing a Problem by YourselfPassage3We have to admire Suzanne Somers’s persistence.She doesn’t give up–even when virtually the entire medical community is lined up against her.Three years ago,Somers wrote a best-selling book called The Sexy Years in which she promoted so-called bioidentical hormones as a more natural alternative to hormones produced by drug companies for menopausal women.Somers,now60, claimed that these individually prepared doses of estrogen and other hormones,sold via the Internet or by compounding pharmacies,made her look and feel half her age.As the popularity of bioidenticals soared,major medical organizations like the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists grew so alarmed that they mounted publicity campaigns to convince Somers’s readers that these alternative treatments,which are usually custom made for each patient,haven’t been proven safe or more effective than traditional hormone therapy for symptoms like hot flashes.This month Somers is at it again wit her latest book,Ageless.Subtitled The Naked Truth About Bioidentical Hormones,the cover features a coquettish shot of the actress unclothed from the collarbone up.Inside,she calls bioidenticals“the juice of youth”and also promotes the questionable dosage advice of a former actress and“independent researcher”named T.S.Wiley who thinks menopausal women should have as much estrogen in their bodies as20-year-olds.Now, even some fo the pro-bioidentical doctors Somers quotes in her books are screaming foul.“Many of the claims throughout the book are scientifically unproven and dangerous,”three of these doctors assert in a letter sent a few weeks ago to Somers’s publisher,Crown.Somers adamantly defends her book and bioidentical.“From a woman’sstandpoint,this is the first time we’ve gotten some relief in a non-drug way,”she says in an interview with NEWSWEEK.“Doctors are embarrassed that they don’t know about this.”Somers says.“When doctors don’t have an answer,they like to pooh-pooh it.”The word bioidentical is a marketing term,not a scientific one,and it means different things to different people.To most doctors,bioidentical refers to a wide variety of FDA-approved drugs that are virtually identical to the hormones produced by women’s ovaries.They come in many forms and doses,some of which have been used for years.Somers uses the term to refer to made-to-order treatments created by compounding pharmacies with dosages usually determined by the results of blood tests every two weeks(the method Somers herself uses),or regular saliva tests,a method most experts say is an unreliable way to measure a women’s specific hormone needs.Somers claims that she is so“in touch”with her body’s needs that she can“tweak”her hormones even without the benefit of these tests.Proponents of Somers’s program say only hormones prepared specifically for each woman can meet her unique needs.But since the Women’s Health Initiative,the FDA has approved many new hormone products,including some in very low doses.While the FDA process isn’t perfect,it’s certainly better than what consumers get with compounding products:no black box warning aboutside effects,no package insert,no data on relative safety,no check on advertising claims and no manufacturing oversight.Somers says these custom-made treatments are natural and not really drugs.That’s just not true. Biodenticals may start out as wild yams or soybeans,but by the time this plant matter has been converted into hormone therapy,it is in fact a drug.All of these products–whether or not they’re approved by the FDA–are chemicals synthesized in a lab.Another thing you should know:there are only a few labs in the world that synthesized these hormones.Everyone–from small compounding pharmacies to big pharmaceutical companies-gets their ingredients from the same places.Somers argues that bioidenticals are safer than FDA-approved hormones even though there are no high-quality studies to prove that assertion.In the absence of any reliable research to the contrary,most women’s health experts ay it’s prudent to assume that all hormone products (FDA-approved or not)carry the same heart disease and cancer risks.10.It can be inferred from the first paragraph that__________.A.bioidentical hormones don’t live up the typeB.many women show zeal for boidentical hormonesC.experts will ask for the ban on bioidentical hormonesD.many people worry about the safety of bioidenticals11.Which of the following statements is TRUE about some doctors Somers quotes in her books?A.Some doctors turn to support Somers’s bioidenticals.B.Some doctors were in favor of Somers’s bioidenticals.C.Suzanne Somers’s new book has some doctors crying good.D.Some doctors wrote a letter to the magazine named Crown.13.The word“pooh-pooh”in the third paragraph probably means__________.A.disdainB.loatheC.disregard D absolute neutrality12.The author’s attitude towards bioidentical hormones is__________.A.strong disapprovalB.slight disapprovalC logical paradox D.absolute neutrality13.According to the author,all the following are the traits of compounding products EXCEPT__________.A.no scientific data on its safetyB.no surveillance of the advertisementC.no account of therapeutic effectsD.no supervision on the productionPart V Translation(30points)Section A Chinese to English(15points)Translate the following into English.Write your translation on the answer sheet.公款吃喝，上有禁令，下有批评。
(NEW)暨南大学外国语学院808外国语言文学综合考试历年考研真题及详解
目 录2011年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解2012年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解2013年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解2014年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解2015年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解2016年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解2017年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解2018年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解2011年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解SECTION AⅠ. Fill the blanks with proper answers (10%)1. The English sonnet, also known as _____ sonnet, usually has a regular rhyme scheme a-b-a-b, c-d-c-d, e-f-e-f, g-g.【答案】Shakespearean【解析】莎士比亚的诗作，改变了彼得拉克的格式，由三段四行和一副对句组成，即按四、四、四、二编排，其押韵格式为“ABAB，CDCD，EFEF，GG”。
每行诗句有十个抑扬格音节。
2. It was in 1798, with the publication of William Wordsworth’s _____, in collaboration with S.T. Coleridge, that romanticism began to bloom and found a firm place in the history of English literature.【答案】Lyrical Ballads1798年，华兹华斯与柯勒律治将各自的诗歌合为一册，定【解析】名为《抒情歌谣集》。
3. The typical feature of Robert Browning’s poetry is the _____.【答案】dramatic monologue【解析】勃朗宁对英国诗歌的最大贡献，是发展和完善了戏剧独白诗这样一种独特的诗歌形式，并且用它鲜明而生动地塑造了各种不同类型的人物性格，深刻而复杂地展示了人的内在心理。
2012年考研英语真题及答案[1]
![2012年考研英语真题及答案[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/bd5330aab0717fd5360cdcbc.png)
Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettesuncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.” Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once statefunding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as[A] a supplement to the social cure[B] a stimulus to group dynamics[C] an obstacle to school progress[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should[A] recruit professional advertisers[B] learn from advertisers’ experience[C] stay away from commercial advertisers[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements23. In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to[A] adequately probe social and biological factors[B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure[C] illustrate the functions of state funding[D]produce a long-lasting social effect24. Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviors[A] is harmful to our networks of friends[B] will mislead behavioral studies[C] occurs without our realizing it[D] can produce negative health habits25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is[A] harmful[B] desirable[C] profound[D] questionableText 2A deal is a deal-except, apparently ,when Entergy is involved. The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not challenge the constitutionality of Vermont’s rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running. It’s a stunning move.The conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporation bought Vermont’s only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon. As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012. In 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of the plant’s license be subject to Vermont legislature’s approval. Then, too, the company went along.Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitments, or it simply didn’t foresee what would happen next. A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 207 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee’s safety and Entergy’s management– especially after thecompany made misleading statements about the pipe. Enraged by Entergy’s behavior, the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say that Vermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend. Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules. But had Entergy kept its word, that debate would be beside the point.The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged that it has noting left to lose by going to war with the state. But there should be consequences. Permission to run a nuclear plant is a poblic trust. Entergy runs 11 other reactors in the United States, including Pilgrim Nuclearstation in Plymouth. Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federal permission to keep it open for another 20 years. But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) reviews the company’s application, it should keep it mind what promises from Entergy are worth.26. The phrase “reneging on”(Line 3.para.1) is closest in meaning to[A] condemning.[B] reaffirming.[C] dishonoring.[D] securing.27. By entering into the 2002 agreement, Entergy intended to[A] obtain protection from Vermont regulators.[B] seek favor from the federal legislature.[C] acquire an extension of its business license .[D] get permission to purchase a power plant.28. According to Paragraph 4, Entergy seems to have problems with its[A] managerial practices.[B] technical innovativeness.[C] financial goals.[D] business vision29. In the author’s view, the Vermont case will test[A] Entergy’s capacity to fulfill all its promises.[B] the mature of states’ patchwork regulations.[C] the federal authority over nuclear issues .[D] the limits of states’ power over nuclear issues.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] Entergy’s business elsewhere might be affected.[B] the authority of the NRC will be defied.[C] Entergy will withdraw its Plymouth application.[D] Vermont’s reputation might be damaged.Text 3In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience. Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience, what we think our experiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, andself-deception abound.Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claiminto a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual researcher’s me, here, now becomes the community’s anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point.Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit. But, unlike with mining claims, the community takes control of what happens next. Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology. As a discovery claim works it through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process. First, scientific work tends to focus on someaspect of prevailing Knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect. Little reward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed. The goal is new-search, not re-search. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers. Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief. Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Azent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.” But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views. Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.In the end, credibility “happens” to a discovery claim – a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind. “We reason together, challenge, revise, and completeeach other’s reasoning and each other’s conceptions of reason.”31. According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its[A] uncertainty and complexity.[B] misconception and deceptiveness.[C] logicality and objectivity.[D] systematicness and regularity.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires[A] strict inspection.[B]shared efforts.[C] individual wisdom.[D]persistent innovation.33.Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claim becomes credible after it[A] has attracted the attention of the general public.[B]has been examined by the scientific community.[C] has received recognition from editors and reviewers.[D]has been frequently quoted by peer scientists.34. Albert Szent-Györgyi would most likely agree that[A] scientific claims will survive challenges.[B]discoveries today inspire future research.[C] efforts to make discoveries are justified.[D]scientific work calls for a critical mind.35.Which of the following would be the best title of the test?[A] Novelty as an Engine of Scientific Development.[B]Collective Scrutiny in Scientific Discovery.[C] Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science.[D]Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science.Text 4If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant. When Hoffa’s Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In 2009 the number of unionists in America’s public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.There are three reasons for the public-sector unions’ thriving. First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences. Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quarter of America’s public-sector workers have a university degree. Third, they now dominateleft-of-centre politics. Some of their ties go back a longway. Britain’s Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism. Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes frompublic-sector unions.At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome. Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the state’s budget is patrolled by unions. The teachers’ unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one. But the real gains come in benefits and work practices. Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded” public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to clamp down. In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor. But many within the public sector suffer under the current system, too.John Donahue at Harvard’s Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers. The only American public-sector workers who earn well above $250,000 a year are university sports coaches and the president of the United States. Bankers’ fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America.36. It can be learned from the first paragraph that[A] Teamsters still have a large body of members.[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant.[C] unions have enlarged their public-sector membership.[D]the government has improved its relationship with unionists.37. Which of the following is true of Paragraph 2?[A] Public-sector unions are prudent in taking actions.[B] Education is required for public-sector union membership.[C] Labor Party has long been fighting against public-sector unions.[D]Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actions.38. It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that the income in the state sector is[A] illegally secured.[B] indirectly augmented.[C] excessively increased.[D]fairly adjusted.39. The example of the unions in Wisconsin shows that unions[A]often run against the current political system.[B]can change people’s political attitudes.[C]may be a barrier to public-sector reforms.[D]are dominant in the government.40. John Donahue’s attitude towards the public-sector system is one of[A]disapproval.[B]appreciation.[C]tolerance.[D]indifference.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and realise that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. (41)The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode ofproduction, means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. The computer is the 21st century's culture machine.But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also tread with caution. (42)I call it a secret war for two reasons. First, most people do not realise that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of what they are doing.All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods - paintings, sculpture and architecture - and superfluous experiences - music, literature, religion and philosophy.(43)For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode. Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume. (44) Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on.(45)What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of "stickiness" - creations and experiences to which others adhere.[A] Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity.[B] Applications like , which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.[C] Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.[D] This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading - between passive consumption and active creation - whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.[E] The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players.[F] One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much ofthe world's media culture has been defined by a single medium - television - and television is defined by downloading.[G]The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (47)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features. (48)To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language—acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.(49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraintsGray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.(50)Chomsky’sgrammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lire age-specific and not governed by universalsSection III WritingPart A51. Directions:Some internationals students are coming to your university. Write them an email in the name of the Students’ Union to1) extend your welcome and2) provide some suggestions for their campus life here.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address(10 points)Part B52. Directions: write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20 points)Section I: Use of English1.B2.A3.B4.D5.C6.B7.D8.B9.A 10.B 11.A 12.C 13.C 14.D 15.A 16.C 17.A 18.C 19.D 20.D Section II: Reading ComprehensionPart A21.D 22.B 23.A 24.C 25.D 26.C 27.D 28.A 29.D 30.A 31.A 32.B 33.B 34.D 35.C36.C 37.D 38.B 39.C 40.APart B41. C 42.D 43. A 44.F 45.GPart C46. 物理学中的一个理论把这种归一的冲动发挥到了极致，它探寻一种万有理论——一个关于我们能看到的一切的生成方程式。
2012年-2018年暨南大学708综合日语考研真题试题试卷汇编
目录2012年暨南大学708综合日语考研真题试题试卷 (2)2013年暨南大学708综合日语考研真题试题试卷 (15)2014年暨南大学708综合日语考研真题试题试卷 (29)2015年暨南大学708综合日语考研真题试题试卷 (43)2016年暨南大学708综合日语考研真题试题试卷 (56)2017年暨南大学708综合日语考研真题试题试卷 (70)2018年暨南大学708综合日语考研真题试题试卷 (78)2012年全国硕士研究生统一入学考试自命题试题********************************************************************************************学科与专业名称：日语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学考试科目代码与名称：708综合日语考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题上一律不给分。
文字・語彙(25点)問題Ⅰ次の文の下線をつけた言葉は、どのように読みますか。
その読み方を、それぞれのA・B・C・Dから一つ選びなさい。
(8×1点＝8点)問１鑑真の像は、天平期の傑作と伝えられている。
気品の高い名僧の面影が、今でも仰ぎ見る人の心を打つ。
1天平期AてんへいきBてんびょうきCてんぴょうきDてんびょうき2傑作AげっさくBけつさくCげつさくDけっさく3気品AきひんBけひんCげひんDぎひん4面影AめんげいBめんけいCおもがけDおもかげ問2アメリカの市民たちは、髷を結い、帯刀した侍の行列を珍奇な動物を見るような目で興味深くながめた。
5髷AめげBまげCひげDめけ6結いAむすびBぬすびCゆいDけつ7侍AさらむいBさむらいCざらむいDざむらい8珍奇AちんきBぢんきCちんぎDちんぎ問題Ⅱ次の文の下線をつけた言葉は、どのような漢字を書きますか。
その漢字をそれぞれのA・B・C・Dから一つ選びなさい。
（8×1点＝8点）問１しんじんのはなやかなかつやくで、ベテランがかすんだ。
2012年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2012年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Multiple choices. There are 20 questions in this part. Choose the best answer to each question. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. Both literature candidates and linguistics candidates must do this part. (20%)1. The first American President to be elected from the Republican Party was _____.A. Abraham LincolnB. James MonroeC. James MadisonD. Thomas Jefferson【答案】A【解析】美国历史上的第一位共和党总统是亚伯拉罕·林肯。
2. The most important and largest river in the United States of America is _____.A. the Ohio RiverB. the Colorado RiverC. the Missouri RiverD. the Mississippi River【答案】D【解析】美国最长的河流是密西西比河，也是美国最重要的一条河流。
被美国人视为“众河之父”，沿河流域也是美国的主要农作物产区。
3. _____ has been called the “cradle of American liberty”.A. PhiladelphiaB. BostonC. PlymouthD. Chicago【答案】B【解析】波士顿市民因常集会，讨论独立与自由等大问题。
因而获得“自由的摇篮”的别称。
暨南大学汉语国际教育基础2012年考研专业课初试真题
3．学习程度对保持和遗忘有较大影响，实验证明，既不产生疲劳又使保持的效果最 佳的过度学习为 。 4．闻一知十、触类旁通指的是学习中的 。 5．当前我国实施义务教育的年限是 。 6. 学生自发形成和组织起来的群体叫 。 7．教学的中心环节是 。 8．着眼于训练学生的心理官能，偏重发展智力的教学理论是 。 9．教师中心论的主要代表是 。 10．一般认为，在人的发展中起主导作用的因素是 。 （二）判断题。（正确的在括号内打√，错误的打×。每小题1分，共10分） 1．性格无好坏之分。（ ） 2．遗忘就是永远都无法回忆或再认。（ ） 3．根据新任务的要求，主动地把注意从一个对象转移到另一个对象上的注意特征是 指注意的分散现象。（ ） 4．不与克服困难相联系的行动不是意志行动。（ ） 5．生态取向的教师专业发展论认为，教师专业发展的重点在于教师专业的知识基础 。（ ） 6．教材就是教科书。（ ） 7．教学有法但无定法。（ ） 8．应试教育是对片面追求升学率进而产生诸多弊端的那种教育的概括。（ ） 9．在教学过程中，学生认识的主要任务是学习间接经验。（ ） 10．语言测试中“准不准”问题属于效度问题。（ ） （三）单选题。（每小题1分，共10分） 1．对客观事物的不正确的知觉是（ ）。 A．幻觉 B．联觉 C．错觉 D．感觉 2．记忆过程的开端是（ ）。 A．识记 B．保持 C．再认 D．回忆 3．比较持久的、微弱的、影响人的整个精神活动的情绪状态是（ ）。 A．激情 B．紧张 C．焦虑 D．心境 4．俗话说“江山易改，本性难移”是指气质的（ ）。 A．稳定性 B．可变性 C．可塑性 D．向性 5．先行组织者教学技术的提出者是美国著名心理学家（ ）。 A．斯金纳 B．布鲁纳 C．奥苏伯尔 D．桑代克 6．近朱者赤，近墨者黑是（ ）。 A．遗传决定论 B．环境决定论 C．教育决定论 D．主观决定论 7．学校产生于（ ）。 A．教育产生之时 B．原始社会 C．奴隶社会 D．封建社会 8．以下哪种观点不符合“主体教育观”的内涵（ ）。 A．教师和学生在教育中是交互主体的关系。 B．只有学生才是教育中的主体，所以必须提升学生在教育中的主体地位。 C．教育的目的在于通过师生交往培养具有主体性的人。
2012年暨南大学翻译硕士考研真题(二),参考书及复试线,考研复习规划
Section B Chinese to English (15 points) 1. 国家安全部 2. 中国人民政治协商会议
3. 常务委员会 4. 司法公正 5. 科教兴国 6. 抗洪救灾 7. 外向型经济 8. 黄金储备 9. 贸易逆差 10. 温室效应 11. 《道德经》 12. 伪科学 13. 文化摇篮 14. 《论语》 15. 冲突主导关系 II. Passage Translation (120 points) Directions: This part consists of two sections. In the following two sections you are supposed to translate one English passage into Chinese and one Chinese passage into English within 120 minutes. You should write down your translations on the Answer Sheet.
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考试科目：外国语言文学综合考试 共1页 第8
页2012年全国硕士研究生入学考试试题
*********************************************************************学科、专业名称：英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学
研究方向：各方向
考试科目名称：外国语言文学综合考试 考试科目代码：808考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。
Ⅰ. Multiple choices. There are 20 questions in this part. Choose the best answer to each question. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. Both literature candidates and linguistics candidates must do this part.（20%）
1. The first American President to be elected from the Republican Party was_______.
A. Abraham Lincoln
B. James Monroe
C. James Madison
D. Thomas Jefferson
2. The most important and largest river in the United States of America is_________.
A. the Ohio River
B. the Colorado River
C. the Missouri River
D. the Mississippi River
3. ______________has been called the "cradle of American liberty".
A. Philadelphia
B. Boston
C. Plymouth
D. Chicago
4. Junior college in America is_______________.
A. two-year college
B. four-year college
C. three-year college
D. five-year college
5. President Nixon decided to resign because he__________________.
A. refused to hand over the White House tapes to court
B. was tired of political struggle in Washington D.
C.
C. came to sec that most probably he would be impeached
D. was deserted by the Republican Party
6. To its full sense, the British Parliament consists of _______________.
A. the House of Lords and the House of Commons。