中国社科院研究生期末英语小论文2015版

Community Correction——

The new trend of Chinese prison

management

Lander S1*******

Abstract: With the development of the penal system and the socialization, international human rights of criminals and criminal re-socialization are paid full attention, countries around the world generally adopt the system of community correction. The United States is one of the first countries to carry out community correction in the world, after long-term development, it has become quite mature community correction.This system is becoming a model for other countries to follow and reference. Communities in our country has just started, and through the differences between community correction in China and the United States from the application of the present situation, types and measures, and the comparison of the management system, this article is for the development and perfection of community correction system in China.

1．U.S. applicable status of community correction’s applicable status in U.S and other foreign countries.

Community correction originated in the 1950s, the American Association of Prison changed its name to Correction Association in 1954 marked the beginning of a community correction mode of suitable punishment has become the dominant.The reason of such a big change is that "retribution doctrine" concept of penalty execution in western countries changed into "objective" view of penalty execution.At present,the number of criminals for most countries in the world in the community correction is a great amount , even in some countries criminals in community correction are more than criminals in prison reform. According to the Justice Department, the Institute of Crime Prevention shows that for probation and parole, as the statistics in 2000, the proportion is highest in Canada as79.76%, 77.48% in Australia, New Zealand is 76.15%, French is 72.63%, with 70.25% in America; South Korea, Russia is lower, but also reach 45.90% and 45.90% respectively.These data shows that criminals in the community correction in the world's major countries have been more than the number of criminals in prison population, these statistics become a stark contrast with jail number accounts for the vast majority of form in our country ,according to a statistics in China prison criminals over 240000 people in 2000.[1]

Punishment applicable focus is given priority from imprisonment to Non-custodial sentence,which leads by community correction mode in the

United States. For a long time ,the number of the community correction has been a growing trend, according to the United States Federal Department of Justice at the end of 2001, sentenced to imprisonment, probation and parole criminals a total of 6.62 million people, including 1.33 million prison, to guard all of 630000 people, the proportion of the non-durance accounted for about 30%, and the number of probation for 3.93 million, 730000 people for parole.

2．Chinese community correction

For ordinary people,community correction is still a new word. The concept of criminal always is tied up in jail or prison. In fact, in our country criminal law,there is always a control on the criminal provisions, deprivation of political rights and other non-confinement penalty and probation, parole and temporary execution outside prison prison alternatives, but it would not be known by the people, community correction pilot would be applicable to more criminals than imprisonment without having to go to prison, the prison, it is bound to change people's traditional ideas."Community correction in China" is the way of execution as opposed to a prison correction, that meets the conditions of community correction refers to the criminal in community, by the specialized state organizations, in the related social groups and non-governmental organizations and volunteers, with the assistance of the judgment or written order or decision within the time limit, for sure, correct criminal psychology and