高考经典必备 虚拟语气

虚拟语气概述语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对发生的动作或所处的状态所持的态度和看法。

英语有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。

虚拟语气表示所说的话与事实相反或实现的可能性极小，或表示愿望，请求及建议等。

一．虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用。

所谓条件句是指含有条件状语的复合句。

英语有两种条件句：真实条件句和非真真实条件句。

真实条件句：表示提出的假设完全可以成为现实，因此谓语动词用陈述语气。

非真实条件句：表示所提出的假设实现可能性极小或与事实相反，所以谓语动词用虚拟语气。

1.If you don’t hurry, you will miss the bus.2.If I were you, I would accept his offer.1.1) If we had enough money, we would buy a computer.2) If you took more exercise, you might feel healthier.2. 1) If you hadn’t studied hard, you’d have failed the examination.2) I should have never done it if I hadn’t been so hard up.要不是我那么困难，我就不会这么做了。

3. 1)If it rains tomorrow, our picnic will be put off.（谓语动词用现在式，表示说话人认为下雨的可能性大）2) If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.（用过去式表可能性很小）3) If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.（用should表可能性小且出乎意料）4) If it were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.（were to 表可能性小，出乎意料，有“当初没想到”之意）练习一完成句子1．I __________(earn) something if I had meant to .2. If the weather ___________( be not) so bad, we might have gone out.3.If I ___________(be) less cautious, I might have been more wise.4. I should not have laughed if I ________________(think) you were serious.5. If I ________(have)more time, I should study German.6.If she were not so busy, she___________( attend) the meeting this afternoon.7. If you_________( go) to bed early every day, you would not be so sleepy in the morning.8.He would have recovered from his illness if he ______(see) the doctor in good time.9 If I saw him tomorrow, I______ pass your note to him.10. She might come back and start off again the day after tomorrow if she______(miss) the train tomorrow.高考连线一1. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she____, she would have met my brother.a. has comeb. did comec. camed. had come2. If my lawyer ____ here last Saturday, he ____ me from going.a. had been, would have preventedb. had been, would preventc. were, would preventd. were, would have prevented3. ---If he ___, he___ that food.---Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.a. was warned, would not takeb. had been warned, would not have takenc. would be warned, had not takend. would have been warned, had not taken4. You didn’t let me drive. If we___ in turn, you___ so tired.a. drove, didn’t getb. drove, wouldn’t getc. were driving, wouldn’t getd. had driven, wouldn’t have got(二)特殊情况及用法1．含有助动词的虚拟条件句，也可用在主句是陈述语气或祈使语气的句子中。

例：1）If there should be another flood, what shall we do?2) Ask her to leave a message if she should come.2.省掉if 的条件从句的用法。

在条件从句中若含有were, should , had等词，可将if省掉，而把were, had , should放在句首。

1) Were I you, I would get up early every morning.2) Had you arrived the station 10 minutes earlier, you could have caught the train.3) Should I be free tomorrow, I will come.4) Should you change your mind, no one would blame you.3. 省去条件句。

因上下文的需要有时条件句可省。

1）You could have done it yourself (if you wanted to). 2) (If I were you) I wouldn’t smoke.4.省去主句。

在强调条件从句时，常省去主句，这种句子表示一种“已经不能实现的愿望”。

例：1）If my old friend were with me.如果老朋友同我在一起有多好啊。

2) If you could have seen the wonderful film.你要是能看到这部精彩的影片有多好。

5．含蓄条件句假设的情况不是由一个条件句来表示，而是隐含在一个由介词如but for, without, but that引起的短语中，或由连词but 副词otherwise以及比较等级等表示的上下文中。

1)Without electricity, there would be no modern industry.没有电就不会有现代工业。

2)But that she was afraid, she would have said no.要不是害怕的话，她就会拒绝了3)But for your cooperation, we could not have succeeded in our experiment.没有你们的帮助我们的实验不会成功。

4)I would be most glad to help you, but I am busy now.我倒是非常愿意帮忙，但我现在很忙。

5)A more careful person wouldn’t have made so many mistakes如果细心一点，就不会出这么多错了。

还有一些含有“假定”意义的词引导的句子，也用虚拟语气。

6)Suppose we told her the truth.假定我们把真相告诉她7)Imagine your child played truant.设想你的孩子逃学8)Suppose he were lost.假定他是迷路了。

6．错综时间条件句：指主从句的动作不是发生在同一时间里。

这时，主从句的谓语形式要根据不同的时间“各自为政”。

例：1）If I were you, I would have taken his advice.我要是你，我就听他的忠告了（从句现在，主句过去）2) If he had listened to me, he would not be in such trouble now.如果他当时听了我的话，现在就不会有麻烦了。

（从句过去，主句现在）7．If it were not for…“若不是…”If only要是…就好了1) If it weren’t for your help, I would still be homeless.Were it not for your help, I would still be homeless.2）If it had not been for your help, we would not have achieved so much in our work.要不是有了你的帮助，我们工作中不会取得如此大大进步。

3)If only I had more money, I could buy a car.要是我有更多的钱就好了，我可以买辆车。

4) If only I had listened to your advice.二．虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用虚拟语气还用在表示建议、命令、要求等的从句中，其形式是should+动词原形或省去should直接用原形。

这类虚拟语气的使用主要取决于有关的动词，名词和形容词的含义。

1．在宾语从句中下列词后所跟的宾语从句常用虚拟语气：ask（要求）demand （要求）require （要求）urge（主张）request （请求）command （命令）order （命令）propose （建议）suggest （建议）advise（建议）recommend(建议) insist（坚持）prefer （宁愿）1)He urged that the restrictions be lifted.他主张取消这些限制。