Research on Transition Test from IPv4 to IPv6
IPv6网络体系结构与网络改造
两辂与通信技术信豔与电睡China Computer&Communication2018年第10期IPv6网络体系结构与网络改造刘清涛(北京铁路通信技术中心，北京100038)摘要：IPv6是新时期互联网的核心协议，如今几乎所有的IPv4都在向IPv6的形式进行转变。
相较于IPv4而言，IPv6的地址资源获得了极大的补充，IPv6的应用，不仅解决了网络地址数量不够的问题，同时，也实现了多种设备顺利连接互联网的目的。
笔者以IPv4向IPv6过渡的内容为核心进行研究，分析IPv6演变过程与校园网应用现状，提出适用 于校园网的IPv6改造方案。
关键词：网终体系结构；IPv6; IPv4;校园网中图分类号：TP393. 04 文献标识码：A文章编号：1003-9767 (2018) 10-144-02IPv6 Network Architecture and Network TransformationLiu Qingtao(Beijing Railway Communication Technology Center,Beijing100038, China)Abstract：IPv6 is the core protocol of the Internet in the new era.Nowadays almost all IPv4 is changing to the form of IPv6. Compared with IPv4, the address resources of IPv6 have been greatly supplemented.The application of IPv6 not only solves the problem of the lack of network address,but also realizes the purpose of the smooth connection of the Internet with a variety of devices. The author takes the content of the transition from IPv4 to IPv6 as the core,analyzes the evolution process of IPv6 and the application status of campus network,and puts forward the IPv6 transformation scheme suitable for the campus network.Key words：network architecture;IPv6;IPv4; campus networkIPv6 即Internet Protocol Version。
ip改英语作文
ip改英语作文IP is an abbreviation that stands for Internet Protocol which is a set of rules governing the format of data transmitted over the Internet or other network. It is the primary protocol that establishes the Internet and allows devices to communicate with each other across networks. IP is responsible for addressing and delivering packets of data from one node on the network to another based on the IP addresses assigned to those nodes.The concept of IP was first introduced in the 1970s as part of the development of the ARPANET which was an early predecessor to the modern Internet. The original version of the protocol was called IPv4 or Internet Protocol version 4 which is still the most widely used version today. IPv4 uses a 32-bit address space allowing for a total of approximately 4.3 billion unique IP addresses. As the number of devices connected to the Internet grew exponentially over the years, it became clear that the IPv4 address space would eventually be exhausted.To address this impending shortage of IP addresses, a new version ofthe protocol called IPv6 or Internet Protocol version 6 was developed. IPv6 uses a 128-bit address space which provides a virtually unlimited number of unique IP addresses, estimated to be around 340 undecillion or 340 trillion trillion trillion. The transition from IPv4 to IPv6 has been a slow process as it requires significant infrastructure changes and coordination across the entire Internet ecosystem. Many devices and networks still primarily use IPv4 today, though the adoption of IPv6 is steadily increasing.One of the key functions of IP is to provide logical addressing for devices on a network. Each device connected to an IP network is assigned a unique IP address which serves as an identifier for that device. IP addresses come in two main versions IPv4 and IPv6 as mentioned earlier. IPv4 addresses are 32-bit numbers typically represented in dotted-decimal notation such as 192.168.1.100. IPv6 addresses are 128-bit numbers typically represented in hexadecimal notation such as 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334.In addition to addressing, IP also plays a crucial role in routing data packets across networks. When a device wants to send data to another device, it encapsulates that data into an IP packet which contains the source and destination IP addresses. Routers on the network use these IP addresses to determine the best path to forward the packet towards its final destination. This process of routing IP packets is what enables communication between deviceslocated on different networks or subnets.Another important function of IP is fragmentation and reassembly. IP packets have a maximum size limit known as the Maximum Transmission Unit or MTU. If the data being transmitted is larger than the MTU, the IP layer will automatically fragment the data into smaller packets that can be transmitted. These fragmented packets are then reassembled at the destination device to reconstruct the original data. This fragmentation and reassembly process is transparent to the higher-level protocols and applications running on the devices.IP also provides a best-effort delivery model meaning that it does not guarantee that packets will be delivered to their destination. IP relies on upper-layer protocols such as TCP and UDP to provide additional reliability, flow control, and error correction mechanisms. TCP for example is a connection-oriented protocol that establishes a reliable end-to-end connection between devices and ensures that all data is delivered successfully. UDP on the other hand is a connectionless protocol that provides a simple best-effort delivery service without the overhead of connection establishment and management.In addition to the core IP functionality, there are also a number of extensions and protocols that build upon IP to provide additionalcapabilities. For example, ICMP or the Internet Control Message Protocol is used for diagnostic and error reporting purposes. DHCP or the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol is used to automatically assign IP addresses and other network configuration parameters to devices. NAT or Network Address Translation is used to map multiple private IP addresses to a single public IP address, enabling connectivity for devices behind a router or firewall.IP has evolved significantly since its inception in the 1970s and continues to play a fundamental role in modern communication networks. As the number of connected devices grows and new applications emerge, the demands on IP will only increase. The transition to IPv6 is crucial to ensure the continued expansion and scalability of the Internet. Additionally, emerging technologies such as software-defined networking, network virtualization, and the Internet of Things will require further advancements and adaptations of the IP protocol.Overall, IP is the backbone that enables the global connectivity and communication we rely on in our daily lives. From browsing the web to streaming video to conducting business transactions, IP is the underlying protocol that makes it all possible. As technology continues to advance, the importance of IP will only grow, solidifying its status as a critical component of the modern digital landscape.。
DS_Technicolor_TG789vn 汤姆逊,猫路由,一体机
MediaAccess TG789vn
Wireless n VoIP Ultra Broadband Gateway
On January 27th 2010, Thomson changed its company name to Technicolor. All product data sheets, including those for products which still carry the Thomson name, now reflect our new Technicolor brand.
Home Networking with Easy Installation
Like all Technicolor gateways, the TG789vn interoperates seamlessly with the Technicolor Gateway Setup wizard, making the setup of a wireless home network as easy as clicking a button. No more helpdesk calls are needed, just click and you are ready to go. The Technicolor Gateway Setup wizard performs comprehensive system checks before and during the installation and setup process, and validates all user inputs to guarantee the end user a secured wireless connection to the Internet.
浅析6to4机制
浅析6to4机制罗奕1,周明康2,陈粤2(1.成都中医药大学计算机教研室,四川成都610075; 2.四川大学计算机学院,四川成都610064)摘要:6to4机制是为了顺利完成从IPv4到IPv6的过渡而提出的一种策略。
其优点在于任何一个I Pv6域,只要可以与IPv4网络相连就能将标准的I Pv6数据包经过特殊封装后由IPv4网络发送,并且不需要对现有的IPv4网络做很多的改动。
关键词:I Pv6地址;6to4地址;地址前缀;6to4边界路由器;中继路由器中图法分类号:TP393.03文献标识码:A文章编号:100123695(2004)022*******B rief Analysis on6to4MechanismLU O Yi1,Z HO U Ming2kang2,C HE N Yue2(1.Te aching&Re searc h Section o f Com puter,Chengdu Unive rs ity o f Traditional C hine se Medic ine,C hengdu Sichuan610075,C hina;2.Colle ge o fC om puter Scie nce,S ic huan U nive rs ity,C hengdu Sic huan610064,China)Abstract:6to4mechani sm is advanced as a tactic for the sake of finishin g the transitio n fro m IPv4to IPv6smoo thly.The advantage of this mechanis m i s that any IPv6do main which attached to an IPv4netwo rk can trans mit the standard IPv6packagewith special encapsu2 lati on,and i t require no t many modification for existing IPv4netw ork.Key w ords:IPv6A ddress;6to4Address;Add ress prefi x;6to4Bo rder Ro uter;Relay Router1前言随着互联网技术的不断发展,IPv4的许多缺陷逐渐暴露出来。
IPv6与IPv4的互联技术
IPv6与IPv4的互联技术张晓燕;张浩【摘要】分析了IPv6 (Internet Protocol Version6)与IPv4(Internet Protocol Version4)各自的特点以及两者之间的区别和联系,介绍了多播技术、双栈技术、隧道技术、协议转换技术等4种过渡技术,并讨论了各种技术的工作原理.在IPv6与IPv4的互联通信中,尽可能地保留了IPv4,使其在IPv6环境中有效运行,从而保证了数据包的安全性.实例验证结果表明,所提出的转换协议技术实现了2个协议之间的互联通信.【期刊名称】《系统仿真技术》【年(卷),期】2018(014)001【总页数】5页(P74-77,86)【关键词】IPv4(Internet Protocol Version 4);IPv6(Internet Protocol Version 6);隧道技术;地址空间【作者】张晓燕;张浩【作者单位】商洛学院经济管理学院,陕西商洛726000;商洛学院经济管理学院,陕西商洛726000【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TP393.4随着互联网技术的飞速发展,IPv4(Internet Protocol Version 4)经过十几年的商业推广,在技术领域取得了巨大进步,然而互联网的庞大使得IPv4的地址短缺问题尤为突出。
在这种的情形下,IPv6(Internet Protocol Version 6)应运而生,IPv6作为IPv4的改进版,弥补了IPv4使用上的不足,从根源上解决了IPv4的地址短缺问题。
为了保证IPv6与IPv4的兼容性,需采用互联技术使得IPv6与IPv4平稳过渡。
本文对IPv6与IPv4互联技术进行了探讨,并介绍了双栈技术、隧道技术和协议转换技术等[1]过滤技术。
1 IPv6与IPv4概述1.1 IPv4的特点IPv4为互联网协议的第4版,它既是第1个被广泛使用的协议,又是现今网络协议的基石。
IPv4的地址空间为32位,最多有232个计算机可以连到Internet上。
运营商IPv4至IPv6过渡技术方案探讨
运营商IPv4至IPv6过渡技术方案探讨王明明【摘要】本文阐明了IPv4/v6过渡的必要性，对现有的基本过渡技术进行综述和比较。
根据运营商实际网络环境分析已有的双栈技术和NAT444技术相结合的过渡技术，并在此基础上根据不同的场景分析不同的过渡技术，最终根据运营商的案例分析了部署CGN的过渡技术方案。
%This paper summarizes the existing basic transition techniques, and clarifi es the need of the transition from IPv4 to IPv6. Then analyses the transition technology of the Dual IP Stack and NAT444 based on the operator’s actual network environment. According to the operators case and compare with other different transition technologies, the CGN deployment transition technology is discussed.【期刊名称】《电信工程技术与标准化》【年(卷),期】2016(029)011【总页数】6页(P65-70)【关键词】IPV4/IPV6;双栈技术;NAT444;CGN;地址空间【作者】王明明【作者单位】上海邮电设计咨询研究院有限公司，上海 200009【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TN914全球地址分配机构（IANA）于2011年2月3日正式宣布，将其最后的468万个IPv4地址平均分配到全球5个地区的互联网络信息中心，亚太互联网信息中心（APNIC）于2011年4月15日宣布，正常可分配的IPv4地址告罄[1～2]。
在当前IPv4地址逐渐枯竭的关键时期，IPv4向IPv6的全面过渡更加紧迫。
基于NAT-PT的IPv4到IPv6过渡机制的研究
基于NAT-PT的IPv4到IPv6过渡机制的研究朱兴宇【摘要】In the early 1990s, some people wony about the IP address space will be not enough within 10 years, which led to the development of IPv6. Compared with IPv4, IPv6 has more advantages and features, therefore, IPv6 is bound to replace IPv4. However, due to the broad applicationfoundation of IPv4, it is a long and difficult process for the transition from IPv4 to IPv6, and thus, IETF has come up with lots of transition technology.Here, NAT-PT transition mechanism is made comprehensive research from the principle and configuration.%90年代初就有人担心10年内IP地址空间就会不够用,并由此导致了IPv6的开发.由于IPv6与IPv4相比有着更多的优势和特点,因而IPv6必然会取代IPv4.然而由于IPv4的广泛的应用基础,从IPv4到IPv6的过渡是一个漫长艰难的过程.对此,IETF已经研究出很多过渡技术.在此,从原理和配置方面综合研究NAT-PT过渡机制.【期刊名称】《价值工程》【年(卷),期】2012(031)007【总页数】2页(P120-121)【关键词】IPv4;IPv6;NAT-PT;地址映射;DNS-ALG【作者】朱兴宇【作者单位】南京信息工程大学电子与信息工程学院,南京210044【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TP310 引言在IPv4 的“海洋”中，IPv6已经逐渐被使用。
IPv4与IPv6比较及IPv4向IPv6过渡方法
IPv4 简介 Internet 起源于 1968 年开始研究的 ARPANET ， ARPANET 建立一个标准的网络通信协议而开发了 IP 协议 。 将 IP 协议的地址长度设定为 32 个二进制 数位 ， 其中前 8 位标识网络 ， 其余 24 位标识主机 。 将 32 位 IP 地址分成了 3 类 ：A 类 ， 用于大型企业 ；B 类 ， 用于中型企业 ；C 类 ， 用于小型企业 。A 、B 、C 类地 址 可 以 标 识 的 网 络 个 数 分 别 是 128、16384 、 2097152， 每 个 网 络 可 容 纳 的 主 机 个 数 分 别 是 16777216、65536、256。 2 IPv4 与 IPv6 的比较 2.1 地址空间比较 IPv4 的地址域为 32 比特 ， 可提供 232 ( 约 40 亿 ) 个 IP 地址 。 但是由于将 IP 地址按网络规模划分成 A、B 、C 三类后 ， 用户可用地址总数显然减少 。 IPv6 的地址域为 128 比特 ， 这意味着有 2128 个地址可用 ， 1
的前缀 ， 这限制了可用的地址数量 。 当然这浪费了 一些地址空间 ， 但因为在通常的 Internet LAN 很少 会使用 264 个地址 ， 除去主机 ID 所使用的 64 位和用 于识别全局可路由单播地址的前三位 ， 则还有 261 个 地址 。 因此即使没有使用 IPv6 所提供的全部地址 ，
Key words ： IPv4; IPv6; Address; Protocol
目前 ， 研究最多技术是 ：
2.3
地址表示法
IPv4 地址表示为点分十进制格式 ，32 位的地址 分成 4 个 8 位分组 ， 以 4 个字节表示 ， 即每个字节的 十进制数的范围是 0～255 ， 中间用点号分隔 。 例如 : 192.168.10.10 。 而 IPv6 的 128 位地址则是 以 16 位 为一分组 ， 每个 16 位分组写成 4 个十六进制数 ， 中 间用冒号分隔 ， 称为冒号分十六进制格式 。 128 位 IPv6 通常有 3 种形式的地址表示方法 : (1) 冒 号 十 六 进 制 表 示 法 ， 即 每 16 位 二 进 制 数 为一组 ， 写成十六进制数 ， 并用冒号分隔每 1 个十六 进 制 数 。 例 如 ,69E8:C463:F00F:F2FF:0:5580:920A: FFFF。 这里将 0000 中前 3 个 0 省略了 。 (2)冒号十六进制表示法的简化记法 。 该表示法 采用的是零压缩 ， 即连续的几个 0 字符串可以用一 对冒号来表示 。 例如 ，FFO8:O:O:O:O:O:O:E9 ， 可表示 为:FFO8:: E9 。 为了避免地址的二义性 ， 在每个地址
Ipv向Ipv过渡策略的探讨
I p v向I p v过渡策略的探讨The latest revision on November 22, 2020Ipv4向Ipv6过渡策略的探讨摘要：本文回顾了Ipv6崛起的背景，并对其优点、发展现状以及中国发展Ipv6的意义进行了详细地介绍，文章接着阐述了Ipv6发展过程中的几个热点问题之一——从Ipv4向Ipv6的过渡策略。
在这部分内容中，先介绍了过渡问题的三个基本策略：双协议栈技术、隧道技术和网络地址转换/协议转换技术，然后对这三种策略派生出若干种过渡方案作了较详细的探讨，并提出了自己的见解。
关键词：Ipv4、Ipv6、过渡策略Abstract: This thesis looks back the background of the abrupt rising of Ipv6, and specifically introduces its advantage, development present condition and the significance of Ipv6’s development in China. Then it sets forth a topic of general interest in the process of Ipv6’s development --- from Ipv4 to Ipv6 transition this part of , I firstly introduce three basic strategiesof the transition problems : Dual Protocol Stacks Technique, Tunnel Technique and Network Address Translation - Protocol Translation, then carefully probe into several deriving transition plans from these three strategies and proplse my own opinion.Keywords: Ipv4 、 IPv6 、 Transition strategy一、 Ipv6崛起的背景1、互联网的起源和发展因特网起源于美国国防部的ARPANET。
海康威视 B1-58248-8TFM 产品数据手册说明书
Product Datasheet40-port10G Uplink Mulit-optical Port Core Routing Switch(B1-58248-8TFM)OVERVIEWB1-58248-8TFM is a high-performance multi-optical port L3managed switch,which is a new generation convergence10G switch for next-generation IP metropolitan area networks,large-scale campus networks,and enterprise networks.It has8*10/100/1000M RJ45ports and24*100/1000M SFP ports and8*1/10G SFP+fiber ports.B1-58248-8TFM is equipped with complete L3management functions,with comprehensive protocols and applications.On the basis of providing high-performance L2/L3/L4wire-speed switching service deployment and management,it further integrates IPv6,MPLS VPN,and network Multiple network services such as security,traffic analysis, virtualization,etc.,combined with multiple data center high-reliability technologies such as uninterrupted upgrades,uninterrupted forwarding,graceful restart,redundancy protection, etc.,to ensure the longest uninterrupted communication capability of the network.The switch supports advanced functions such as RIP,OSPF,BGP,PIM-DM/SM,and is ideal for traditional or fully virtualized big data work application managers canflexibly choose the appropriate optical fiber connection according to the transmission distance or required transmission speed,effectively expanding the1G/10G network.In addition,B1-58248-8TFM has a switching capacity of up to598Gbps,8*1/10G uplink SFP+ports,greatly increasing the network bandwidth converged to the core,meeting the high bandwidth requirements of users'voice,video,and data triple play,suitable for application requirements for smart campuses,large smart communities,smart cities, smart transportation,and other fields.FEATURE⏹Advanced hardware architecture,powerful processing capabilitiesAdopting the industry's advanced hardware architecture design,the1U machine can support8*100/1000M RJ45ports and24*100/1000M SFP ports and8*1/10G SFP+ ports,meeting the high performance,high capacity,and high density of big datatransmission and expandable requirements.⏹Strong data service guaranteeSupport virtualized reorganization switching technology,which can virtualize multiple physical devices into one logical device.The actual physical device is transparent to users,which simplifies the management of network equipment and network topology, greatly improves network operation efficiency,and The entire virtual system realizes unified management of a single IP,and the actual physical equipment is transparent to users,which simplifies the management of network equipment and network topology, greatly improves network operation efficiency,and effectively reduces operation and maintenance costs.Based on the HPS(Uninterrupted Protection System)uninterrupted protection system, the key power system adopts repeated design,can be hot-swappable,and supports seamless switching in the event of a failure without interrupting business.Support STP/RSTP/MSTP protocol,support VRRP protocol,and support ring network protection,dual-uplink active/standby connection protection,LACP aggregation,andother simple and efficient redundancy protection mechanisms.◇Support ISSU(software upgrade in service)business uninterrupted system upgrades to ensure uninterrupted forwarding of user data during system upgrade and master control switching.◇Super-advanced BFD two-way interconnection detection mechanism,through the linkage with the second and third layer protocols,realizes dozens of levels of fault detection and business recovery,which greatly improves the reliability of the network system.◇Perfect Ethernet OAM mechanism,supporting802.3ah,802.1ag,and ITU-Y.1731, real-time monitoring of the network operating status,to achieve rapid detection and location of faults.Rich business features◇Complete Layer2and Layer3multicast routing protocols to meet the access requirements of IPTV,multi-terminal HD video surveillance,and HD videoconferences;◇A complete three-layer routing protocol and large routing table capacity can meet various types of network interconnection requirements and can form large data center networks,campus networks,enterprise networks,and industrial user privatenetworks.◇It fully supports Layer2and Layer3MPLS VPN and can build a large-scale MPLS VPN core network to meet the access needs of industry private network VPN users and enterprise network VPN users.◇Fully support IPv6protocol suite,support IPv6neighbor discovery,ICMPv6,Path MTU discovery,DHCPv6,and other IPv6features.◇Support IPv6-based Ping,Traceroute,Telnet,SSH,ACL,etc.,to meet the needs of pure IPv6network equipment management and business control.◇Support IPv6multicast features such as MLD and MLD Snooping,and IPv6 three-layer routing protocols such as IPv6static routing,RIPng,OSPFv3,BGP4+,etc.,to provide users with complete IPv6two-and three-layer solutions.◇Support rich IPv4to IPv6transition technologies,including IPv6manual tunnel, automatic tunnel,6to4tunnel,ISATAP tunnel,and other tunnel technologies to ensure the smooth transition from IPv4network to IPv6network.⏹Security◇It adopts advanced hardware architecture design,realizing the hierarchical scheduling and protection of the packet.supports defense against DoS,TCP's SYN Flood,UDP Flood,broadcast storm,large traffic,etc.attacks on equipment;supports command line classification Protection,users of different levels have different managementrights.◇support IEEE802.1x,Radius,BDTacacs+,etc.,and provide users with a complete security authentication mechanism.◇Support clear text or MD5authentication of related routing protocols,support uRPF reverse routing search technology,which can effectively control illegal services;hardware-level message deep detection and filtering technology,support for control messages and data messages In-depth detection,thereby effectively isolating illegal data packets,and improving the security of the network system.⏹Stable and reliable◇Supports Efficient Ethernet and complies with International standard IEEE802.3az.◇Smart fan design supports switching between front-back mode and back-front mode and fan automatic speed regulation.◇It adopts an advanced redundant dual power supply system architecture design which can realize the function of efficient power switching,unique power monitoring,slow start,real-time monitoring of the whole machine operating status,intelligentadjustment,and deep energy-saving.⏹Easy maintenance◇CPU monitoring,memory monitoring,Ping test,and cable diagnose.◇HTTPS,SSLV3,SSHV1/V2,and other encryption methods make management more secure.◇RMON,system logs,and port traffic statistics facilitate network optimization and reconstruction.◇LLDP can facilitate the network management system to query and determine the communication status of the link.◇Web network management,CLI command line(Console,Telnet),SNMP(V1/V2/V3), Telnet,and other diversified management and maintenance methods.TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONDIMENSIONORDERING INFORMATIONPACKING LISTOPTICAL MODULE INFORMATION。