扬州雅思英语培训-巧用雅思大作文开头段之三种关系

巧用雅思大作文开头段之三种关系

朗阁海外考试研究中心

扬州朗阁雅思英语

俗话说：A good beginning is half done.的确如此，良好的开端奠定了成功的基础。雅思写作也不例外。如何在有限的时间内，又快又好的写出一个让阅卷人眼前一亮的开头段，想必是众多烤鸭渴望了解的秘密武器。让你的开头段清新自然、让你的开头段行云流水、让你的开头段大大的吸引考官的眼球是每一个朗阁海外考试研究中心专家追求的梦想。

好多同学拿到大作文的考题，思来想去却无从下笔，有的甚至只会copy the rubric, 把题目原封不动的抄写下来。殊不知，这样考官就会牢牢地抓住你的小辫子，在统计字数时，你所抄写的那一部分就不会被统计在内了。朗阁雅思专家建议各位考生要了解开头段写作的小技巧小秘密，首先就要学会如何充分利用原题改写信息。

Here is an example:

At present it is hard for college graduates to find jobs. Many people claim that college teachers should give priority to practical courses like computer science and business over such traditional ones as history and geography. What do you think?

通过题目分析，我们可以看出题目本身给出了背景信息，也给出了一些人的观点，那么，好！我们就可以顺坡下驴，很巧妙的对题目进行一个转述，轻松的写出一个自然流畅的开头段。那么怎么做呢？首先，我们要找到题目当中哪些词是可以为我们所用，可以被替换掉的？聪明的你一定看到了：at present可以被替换成these days、today、at the present time、currently、in the contemporary society / world等等；hard可以用difficult两种常用句式find it difficult to do、have difficulties in doing sth. 来实现替换；而college students可以用一个时间状语从句College students…when they graduate来变换，不仅简洁，而且用到了复合句。所以第一句话可以轻松的改写成：These days, college

students have great difficulties in finding jobs when they graduate. You see, it’s very simple.

接着再往下看，many是修饰可数名词复数，那么我们可以大展拳脚了，numerous、countless、a great/large/vast number of、a great many等等都可以派上用场；动词claim也比较好找到同义词argue、contend、insist、maintain、assert、proclaim、state、advocate、hold the view that都可以，大家只要记住两三个就可以了；最难的是give priority to，这个词是优先考虑的意思，我们可以用pay more / increasing attention to、lay more stress / emphasis on、attach great importance to等实现替换；那么接下来我们就让这道题目实现一个华丽的转身：

These days there is a growing tendency for college students to have difficulties in finding jobs when they graduate. （事实引入）A large number of people hold the opinion that lack of practical knowledge contributes to this situation. In light of this, they contend that college teachers should lay more stress on practical courses than on traditional ones.（点题）For my part, I am in favor of their viewpoint（个人观点）.

是不是看起来非常的流畅自然呢？开头段一定要keep it slim, 保持苗条、拒绝臃肿，这样更能突出你主体段论证的深度。其实上面这个开头段还可以再浓缩一下，变成三句话，你看效果是不是更简洁了呢：

These days there is a growing tendency for college students to have difficulties in finding jobs when they graduate. （事实引入）In light of this, a large number of people contend that college teachers should lay more stress on practical courses than on traditional ones.（点题）For my part, I am in favor of their viewpoint（个人观点）.

这是我们实现大作文开头段的第一步，要学会paraphrase（改述），但更大的技巧在于我们要了解雅思大作文写作题目通常涵盖的几种关系：即包含关系，对等关系和转折关系。

一、包含关系

1.among which

有些题目本身会体现出一种包含的关系，就是A事件有很多后果，而B是其中之一。这里给各位考生一个句子，以供大家移花接木之用：

(this phenomenon might have quite a few positive/negative effects), among which B could be one of the most remarkable.

下面我们来看一道题：

A recent survey shows that teenagers spend 14 hours watching television programs each week, but only 6 hours with their family members. Some people claim that this has an unfavorable influence on the relationship between them and their family members. What are the causes and what are your solutions?

通过这道题目，我们可以很清楚的分析出A所代表的事件是青少年每周花大部分的空闲时间看电视，而只有很少的时间和家人在一起，这种现象会产生很多不利的后果，而B 对于家庭成员之间关系的不利影响是其中最显著的，由此点题。那么这道题目我们就可以转述成由among which 引导的一个定语从句的形式：

A recent survey indicates young people in their teens spend the vast majority of their spare time watching TV rather than talking with other family members. This phenomenon might bring quite a few negative effects, among which the unfavorable influence on the family relationship could be one of the most remarkable.

2.在问题—解决引出主题的过程中，我们也可以套用一个大范围——小范围问题或者很多