a rose for emily
翻译与解析
A Rose for Emily 解读与译赏A Rose for EmilyWilliam Faulkner【原文解读】过去几年一直在讲《英美短篇小说解读与译赏》（自编讲义），每讲一次，对福克纳的这篇小说都有一种新的认识，都有一种翻译的冲动，一旦动笔翻译，便在标题上卡壳了。
但正式决定要试着翻译这篇小说而收集相关评论时，才发现此篇小说早已有人译为《献给爱米丽的玫瑰》。
许多评论家都对此篇小说的主题给出了不同的看法，并找出了各种理由一定要“献给”爱米丽玫瑰。
其最终原因，他们的解读因为根据汉语译文标题《献给爱米丽的玫瑰》。
为什么一定要“献给”爱米丽的玫瑰”呢？爱米丽因为什么而值得“献给”玫瑰呢？这是专家们喜闻乐道、争论不断的话题。
尽管如此，仍然禁不住原文小说的诱惑，也禁不住想亲自动手翻译的冲动。
专家们对小说内容的分析给自己的翻译提供不少的理解上的帮助；他们的论争也同时加深了自己对原文的理解。
此篇小说翻译理解时，参阅过肖明翰博士对此篇小说的研究论文（肖明翰，再谈《献给爱米丽的玫瑰》———答刘新民先生，四川师范大学学报社会科学版2000年1月）。
他认为，此篇小说试图说明杰弗逊镇上的人及其以清教思想为核心的旧传统是造成爱米丽的悲剧的真正原因。
【翻译津要】尽管原文标题有寓意，但寓意如何，因人而已。
不同的人往往会有不同的理解。
这就是为什么不同的学者对这篇小说有不同的解读。
毕竟理解是一种阐释过程，但凡阐释必有主观性，翻译也是一种阐释，也必有译者的主观性。
从翻译的角度和读者的角度，个人感觉标题译为“悲情玫瑰”更好，因为全文中唯一出现rose(玫瑰)的地方是小说的第五部分中(171)A thin, acrid pall as of the tomb seemed to lie everywhere upon this room decked and furnished as for a bridal: upon the valance curtains of faded rose color, upon the rose-shaded lights, upon the dressing table, upon the delicate array of crystal and the man’s toilet things backed with tarnished silver, silver so tarnished that the monogram was obscured.其中rose一共出现过两次：rose color和rose-shaded lights。
A-Rose-for-Emily-原文
A Rose for Emilyby William FaulknerIWHEN Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to her funeral: the men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument, the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no one save an old man-servant--a combined gardener and cook--had seen in at least ten years.It was a big, squarish frame house that had once been white, decorated with cupolas and spires and scrolled balconies in the heavily lightsome style of the seventies, set on what had once been our most select street. But garages and cotton gins had encroached and obliterated even the august names of that neighborhood; only Miss Emily's house was left, lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps-an eyesore among eyesores. And now Miss Emily had gone to join the representatives of those august names where they lay in the cedar-bemused cemetery among the ranked and anonymous graves of Union and Confederate soldiers who fell at the battle of Jefferson.Alive, Miss Emily had been a tradition, a duty, and a care; a sort of hereditary obligation upon the town, dating from that day in 1894 when Colonel Sartoris, the mayor--he who fathered the edict that no Negro woman should appear on the streets without an apron-remitted her taxes, the dispensation dating from the death of her father on into perpetuity. Not that Miss Emily would have accepted charity. Colonel Sartoris invented an involved tale to the effect that Miss Emily's father had loaned money to the town, which the town, as a matter of business, preferred this way of repaying. Only a man of Colonel Sartoris' generation and thought could have invented it, and only a woman could have believed it.When the next generation, with its more modern ideas, became mayors and aldermen, this arrangement created some little dissatisfaction. On the first of the year they mailed her a tax notice. February came, and there was no reply. They wrote her a formal letter, asking her to call at the sheriff's office at her convenience. A week later the mayor wrote her himself, offering to call or to send his car for her, and received in reply a note on paper of an archaic shape, in a thin, flowing calligraphy in faded ink, to the effect that she no longer went out at all. The tax notice was also enclosed, without comment.They called a special meeting of the Board of Aldermen. A deputation waited upon her, knocked at the door through which no visitor had passed since she ceased giving china-painting lessons eight or ten years earlier. They were admitted by the old Negro into a dim hall from which a stairway mounted into still more shadow. It smelled of dust and disuse--a close, dank smell. The Negro led them into the parlor. It was furnished in heavy, leather-covered furniture. When the Negro opened the blinds of one window, they could see that the leather was cracked; and when they sat down, a faint dust rose sluggishly about their thighs, spinning with slow motes in the single sun-ray. On a tarnished gilt easel before the fireplace stood a crayon portrait of Miss Emily's father.They rose when she entered--a small, fat woman in black, with a thin gold chain descending to her waist and vanishing into her belt, leaning on an ebony cane with a tarnished gold head. Her skeleton was small and spare; perhaps that was why what would have been merely plumpness in another was obesity in her. She looked bloated, like a body long submerged in motionless water, and of that pallid hue. Her eyes, lost in the fatty ridges of her face, looked like two small pieces of coal pressed into a lump of dough as they moved from one face to another while the visitors stated their errand.She did not ask them to sit. She just stood in the door and listened quietly until the spokesman came to a stumbling halt. Then they could hear the invisible watch ticking at the end of the gold chain.Her voice was dry and cold. "I have no taxes in Jefferson. Colonel Sartoris explained it to me. Perhaps one of you can gain access to the city records and satisfy yourselves.""But we have. We are the city authorities, Miss Emily. Didn't you get a notice from the sheriff, signed byhim?""I received a paper, yes," Miss Emily said. "Perhaps he considers himself the sheriff . . . I have no taxes in Jefferson.""But there is nothing on the books to show that, you see We must go by the--""See Colonel Sartoris. I have no taxes in Jefferson.""But, Miss Emily--""See Colonel Sartoris." (Colonel Sartoris had been dead almost ten years.) "I have no taxes in Jefferson. Tobe!" The Negro appeared. "Show these gentlemen out."IISo SHE vanquished them, horse and foot, just as she had vanquished their fathers thirty years before about the smell.That was two years after her father's death and a short time after her sweetheart--the one we believed would marry her --had deserted her. After her father's death she went out very little; after her sweetheart went away, people hardly saw her at all. A few of the ladies had the temerity to call, but were not received, and the only sign of life about the place was the Negro man--a young man then--going in and out with a market basket."Just as if a man--any man--could keep a kitchen properly, "the ladies said; so they were not surprised when the smell developed. It was another link between the gross, teeming world and the high and mighty Griersons.A neighbor, a woman, complained to the mayor, Judge Stevens, eighty years old."But what will you have me do about it, madam?" he said."Why, send her word to stop it," the woman said. "Isn't there a law? ""I'm sure that won't be necessary," Judge Stevens said. "It's probably just a snake or a rat that nigger of hers killed in the yard. I'll speak to him about it."The next day he received two more complaints, one from a man who came in diffident deprecation. "We really must do something about it, Judge. I'd be the last one in the world to bother Miss Emily, but we've got to do something." That night the Board of Aldermen met--three graybeards and one younger man, a member of the rising generation."It's simple enough," he said. "Send her word to have her place cleaned up. Give her a certain time to do it in, and if she don't. ..""Dammit, sir," Judge Stevens said, "will you accuse a lady to her face of smelling bad?"So the next night, after midnight, four men crossed Miss Emily's lawn and slunk about the house like burglars, sniffing along the base of the brickwork and at the cellar openings while one of them performed a regular sowing motion with his hand out of a sack slung from his shoulder. They broke open the cellar door and sprinkled lime there, and in all the outbuildings. As they recrossed the lawn, a window that had been dark was lighted and Miss Emily sat in it, the light behind her, and her upright torso motionless as that of an idol. They crept quietly across the lawn and into the shadow of the locusts that lined the street. After a week or two the smell went away.That was when people had begun to feel really sorry for her. People in our town, remembering how old lady Wyatt, her great-aunt, had gone completely crazy at last, believed that the Griersons held themselves a little too high for what they really were. None of the young men were quite good enough for Miss Emily and such. We had long thought of them as a tableau, Miss Emily a slender figure in white in the background, her father a spraddled silhouette in the foreground, his back to her and clutching a horsewhip, the two of them framed by the back-flung front door. So when she got to be thirty and was still single, we were not pleased exactly, but vindicated; even with insanity in the family she wouldn't have turned down all of her chances if they had really materialized.When her father died, it got about that the house was all that was left to her; and in a way, people were glad.At last they could pity Miss Emily. Being left alone, and a pauper, she had become humanized. Now she too would know the old thrill and the old despair of a penny more or less.The day after his death all the ladies prepared to call at the house and offer condolence and aid, as is our custom Miss Emily met them at the door, dressed as usual and with no trace of grief on her face. She told them that her father was not dead. She did that for three days, with the ministers calling on her, and the doctors, trying to persuade her to let them dispose of the body. Just as they were about to resort to law and force, she broke down, and they buried her father quickly.We did not say she was crazy then. We believed she had to do that. We remembered all the young men her father had driven away, and we knew that with nothing left, she would have to cling to that which had robbed her, as people will.IIISHE WAS SICK for a long time. When we saw her again, her hair was cut short, making her look like a girl, with a vague resemblance to those angels in colored church windows--sort of tragic and serene.The town had just let the contracts for paving the sidewalks, and in the summer after her father's death they began the work. The construction company came with riggers and mules and machinery, and a foreman named Homer Barron, a Yankee--a big, dark, ready man, with a big voice and eyes lighter than his face. The little boys would follow in groups to hear him cuss the riggers, and the riggers singing in time to the rise and fall of picks. Pretty soon he knew everybody in town. Whenever you heard a lot of laughing anywhere about the square, Homer Barron would be in the center of the group. Presently we began to see him and Miss Emily on Sunday afternoons driving in the yellow-wheeled buggy and the matched team of bays from the livery stable.At first we were glad that Miss Emily would have an interest, because the ladies all said, "Of course a Grierson would not think seriously of a Northerner, a day laborer." But there were still others, older people, who said that even grief could not cause a real lady to forget noblesse oblige- -without calling it noblesse oblige. They just said, "Poor Emily. Her kinsfolk should come to her." She had some kin in Alabama; but years ago her father had fallen out with them over the estate of old lady Wyatt, the crazy woman, and there was no communication between the two families. They had not even been represented at the funeral.And as soon as the old people said, "Poor Emily," the whispering began. "Do you suppose it's really so?" they said to one another. "Of course it is. What else could . . ." This behind their hands; rustling of craned silk and satin behind jalousies closed upon the sun of Sunday afternoon as the thin, swift clop-clop-clop of the matched team passed: "Poor Emily."She carried her head high enough--even when we believed that she was fallen. It was as if she demanded more than ever the recognition of her dignity as the last Grierson; as if it had wanted that touch of earthiness to reaffirm her imperviousness. Like when she bought the rat poison, the arsenic. That was over a year after they had begun to say "Poor Emily," and while the two female cousins were visiting her."I want some poison," she said to the druggist. She was over thirty then, still a slight woman, though thinner than usual, with cold, haughty black eyes in a face the flesh of which was strained across the temples and about the eyesockets as you imagine a lighthouse-keeper's face ought to look. "I want some poison," she said."Yes, Miss Emily. What kind? For rats and such? I'd recom--""I want the best you have. I don't care what kind."The druggist named several. "They'll kill anything up to an elephant. But what you want is--""Arsenic," Miss Emily said. "Is that a good one?""Is . . . arsenic? Yes, ma'am. But what you want--""I want arsenic."The druggist looked down at her. She looked back at him, erect, her face like a strained flag. "Why, of course," the druggist said. "If that's what you want. But the law requires you to tell what you are going to use it for."Miss Emily just stared at him, her head tilted back in order to look him eye for eye, until he looked away and went and got the arsenic and wrapped it up. The Negro delivery boy brought her the package; the druggist didn't come back. When she opened the package at home there was written on the box, under the skull and bones: "For rats."IVSo THE NEXT day we all said, "She will kill herself"; and we said it would be the best thing. When she had first begun to be seen with Homer Barron, we had said, "She will marry him." Then we said, "She will persuade him yet," because Homer himself had remarked--he liked men, and it was known that he drank with the younger men in the Elks' Club--that he was not a marrying man. Later we said, "Poor Emily" behind the jalousies as they passed on Sunday afternoon in the glittering buggy, Miss Emily with her head high and Homer Barron with his hat cocked and a cigar in his teeth, reins and whip in a yellow glove.Then some of the ladies began to say that it was a disgrace to the town and a bad example to the young people. The men did not want to interfere, but at last the ladies forced the Baptist minister--Miss Emily's people were Episcopal-- to call upon her. He would never divulge what happened during that interview, but he refused to go back again. The next Sunday they again drove about the streets, and the following day the minister's wife wrote to Miss Emily's relations in Alabama.So she had blood-kin under her roof again and we sat back to watch developments. At first nothing happened. Then we were sure that they were to be married. We learned that Miss Emily had been to the jeweler's and ordered a man's toilet set in silver, with the letters H. B. on each piece. Two days later we learned that she had bought a complete outfit of men's clothing, including a nightshirt, and we said, "They are married." We were really glad. We were glad because the two female cousins were even more Grierson than Miss Emily had ever been.So we were not surprised when Homer Barron--the streets had been finished some time since--was gone. We were a little disappointed that there was not a public blowing-off, but we believed that he had gone on to prepare for Miss Emily's coming, or to give her a chance to get rid of the cousins. (By that time it was a cabal, and we were all Miss Emily's allies to help circumvent the cousins.) Sure enough, after another week they departed. And, as we had expected all along, within three days Homer Barron was back in town. A neighbor saw the Negro man admit him at the kitchen door at dusk one evening.And that was the last we saw of Homer Barron. And of Miss Emily for some time. The Negro man went in and out with the market basket, but the front door remained closed. Now and then we would see her at a window for a moment, as the men did that night when they sprinkled the lime, but for almost six months she did not appear on the streets. Then we knew that this was to be expected too; as if that quality of her father which had thwarted her woman's life so many times had been too virulent and too furious to die.When we next saw Miss Emily, she had grown fat and her hair was turning gray. During the next few years it grew grayer and grayer until it attained an even pepper-and-salt iron-gray, when it ceased turning. Up to the day of her death at seventy-four it was still that vigorous iron-gray, like the hair of an active man.From that time on her front door remained closed, save for a period of six or seven years, when she was about forty, during which she gave lessons in china-painting. She fitted up a studio in one of the downstairs rooms, where the daughters and granddaughters of Colonel Sartoris' contemporaries were sent to her with the same regularity and in the same spirit that they were sent to church on Sundays with a twenty-five-cent piece for the collection plate. Meanwhile her taxes had been remitted.Then the newer generation became the backbone and the spirit of the town, and the painting pupils grew up and fell away and did not send their children to her with boxes of color and tedious brushes and pictures cut from the ladies' magazines. The front door closed upon the last one and remained closed for good. When the town got free postal delivery, Miss Emily alone refused to let them fasten the metal numbers above her door and attach a mailbox to it. She would not listen to them.Daily, monthly, yearly we watched the Negro grow grayer and more stooped, going in and out with the market basket. Each December we sent her a tax notice, which would be returned by the post office a week later, unclaimed. Now and then we would see her in one of the downstairs windows--she had evidently shut up the top floor of the house--like the carven torso of an idol in a niche, looking or not looking at us, we could never tell which. Thus she passed from generation to generation--dear, inescapable, impervious, tranquil, and perverse.And so she died. Fell ill in the house filled with dust and shadows, with only a doddering Negro man to wait on her. We did not even know she was sick; we had long since given up trying to get any information from the NegroHe talked to no one, probably not even to her, for his voice had grown harsh and rusty, as if from disuse.She died in one of the downstairs rooms, in a heavy walnut bed with a curtain, her gray head propped on a pillow yellow and moldy with age and lack of sunlight.VTHE NEGRO met the first of the ladies at the front door and let them in, with their hushed, sibilant voices and their quick, curious glances, and then he disappeared. He walked right through the house and out the back and was not seen again.The two female cousins came at once. They held the funeral on the second day, with the town coming to look at Miss Emily beneath a mass of bought flowers, with the crayon face of her father musing profoundly above the bier and the ladies sibilant and macabre; and the very old men --some in their brushed Confederate uniforms--on the porch and the lawn, talking of Miss Emily as if she had been a contemporary of theirs, believing that they had danced with her and courted her perhaps, confusing time with its mathematical progression, as the old do, to whom all the past is not a diminishing road but, instead, a huge meadow which no winter ever quite touches, divided from them now by the narrow bottle-neck of the most recent decade of years.Already we knew that there was one room in that region above stairs which no one had seen in forty years, and which would have to be forced. They waited until Miss Emily was decently in the ground before they opened it.The violence of breaking down the door seemed to fill this room with pervading dust. A thin, acrid pall as of the tomb seemed to lie everywhere upon this room decked and furnished as for a bridal: upon the valance curtains of faded rose color, upon the rose-shaded lights, upon the dressing table, upon the delicate array of crystal and the man's toilet things backed with tarnished silver, silver so tarnished that the monogram was obscured. Among them lay a collar and tie, as if they had just been removed, which, lifted, left upon the surface a pale crescent in the dust. Upon a chair hung the suit, carefully folded; beneath it the two mute shoes and the discarded socks.The man himself lay in the bed.For a long while we just stood there, looking down at the profound and fleshless grin. The body had apparently once lain in the attitude of an embrace, but now the long sleep that outlasts love, that conquers even the grimace of love, had cuckolded him. What was left of him, rotted beneath what was left of the nightshirt, had become inextricable from the bed in which he lay; and upon him and upon the pillow beside him lay that even coating of the patient and biding dust.Then we noticed that in the second pillow was the indentation of a head. One of us lifted something from it, andleaning forward, that faint and invisible dust dry and acrid in the nostrils, we saw a long strand of iron-gray hair.。
英语原著 献给艾米莉的玫瑰(A Rose for Emily)
A Rose for EmilyBy William FaulknerIWHEN Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to her funeral: the men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument, the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no one save an old man-servant--a combined gardener and cook--had seen in at least ten years.It was a big, squarish frame house that had once been white, decorated with cupolas and spires and scrolled balconies in the heavily lightsome style of the seventies, set on what had once been our most select street. But garages and cotton gins had encroached and obliterated even the august names of that neighborhood; only Miss Emily's house was left, lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps-an eyesore among eyesores. And now Miss Emily had gone to join the representatives of those august names where they lay in the cedar-bemused cemetery among the ranked and anonymous graves of Union and Confederate soldiers who fell at the battle of Jefferson.Alive, Miss Emily had been a tradition, a duty, and a care; a sort of hereditary obligation upon the town, dating from that day in 1894 when Colonel Sartoris, the mayor--he who fathered the edict that no Negro woman should appear on the streets without an apron-remitted her taxes, the dispensation dating from the death of her father on into perpetuity. Not that Miss Emily would have accepted charity. Colonel Sartoris invented an involved tale to the effect that Miss Emily's father had loaned money to the town, which the town, as a matter of business, preferred this way of repaying. Only a man of Colonel Sartoris' generation and thought could have invented it, and only a woman could have believed it.When the next generation, with its more modern ideas, became mayors and aldermen, this arrangement created some little dissatisfaction. On the first of the year they mailed her a tax notice. February came, and there was no reply. They wrote her a formal letter, asking her to call at the sheriff's office at her convenience. A week later the mayor wrote her himself, offering to call or to send his car for her, and received in reply a note on paper of an archaic shape, in a thin, flowing calligraphy in faded ink, to the effect that she no longer went out at all. The tax notice was also enclosed, without comment.They called a special meeting of the Board of Aldermen. A deputation waited upon her, knocked at the door through which no visitor had passed since she ceased giving china-painting lessons eight or ten years earlier. They were admitted by the oldNegro into a dim hall from which a stairway mounted into still more shadow. It smelled of dust and disuse--a close, dank smell. The Negro led them into the parlor. It was furnished in heavy, leather-covered furniture. When the Negro opened the blinds of one window, they could see that the leather was cracked; and when they sat down, a faint dust rose sluggishly about their thighs, spinning with slow motes in the single sun-ray. On a tarnished gilt easel before the fireplace stood a crayon portrait of Miss Emily's father.They rose when she entered--a small, fat woman in black, with a thin gold chain descending to her waist and vanishing into her belt, leaning on an ebony cane with a tarnished gold head. Her skeleton was small and spare; perhaps that was why what would have been merely plumpness in another was obesity in her. She looked bloated, like a body long submerged in motionless water, and of that pallid hue. Her eyes, lost in the fatty ridges of her face, looked like two small pieces of coal pressed into a lump of dough as they moved from one face to another while the visitors stated their errand.She did not ask them to sit. She just stood in the door and listened quietly until the spokesman came to a stumbling halt. Then they could hear the invisible watch ticking at the end of the gold chain.Her voice was dry and cold. "I have no taxes in Jefferson. Colonel Sartoris explained it to me. Perhaps one of you can gain access to the city records an d satisfy yourselves.""But we have. We are the city authorities, Miss Emily. Didn't you get a notice from the sheriff, signed by him?""I received a paper, yes," Miss Emily said. "Perhaps he considers himself the sheriff . . . I have no taxes in Jefferson.""But there is nothing on the books to show that, you see We must go by the--""See Colonel Sartoris. I have no taxes in Jefferson.""But, Miss Emily--""See Colonel Sartoris." (Colonel Sartoris had been dead almost ten years.) "I have no taxes in Jefferson. Tobe!" The Negro appeared. "Show these gentlemen out."IISo SHE vanquished them, horse and foot, just as she had vanquished their fathers thirty years before about the smell.That was two years after her father's death and a short time after her sweetheart--the one we believed would marry her --had deserted her. After her father's death she went out very little; after her sweetheart went away, people hardly saw her at all. A few of the ladies had the temerity to call, but were not received, and the only sign of life about the place was the Negro man--a young man then--going in and out with a market basket."Just as if a man--any man--could keep a kitchen properly, "the ladies said; so they were not surprised when the smell developed. It was another link between the gross, teeming world and the high and mighty Griersons.A neighbor, a woman, complained to the mayor, Judge Stevens, eighty years old."But what will you have me do about it, madam?" he said."Why, send her word to stop it," the woman said. "Isn't there a law? ""I'm sure that won't be necessary," Judge Stevens said. "It's probably just a snake or a rat that nigger of hers killed in the yard. I'll speak to him about it."The next day he received two more complaints, one from a man who came in diffident deprecation. "We really must do something about it, Judge. I'd be the last one in the world to bother Miss Emily, but we've got to do something." That night the Board of Aldermen met--three graybeards and one younger man, a member of the rising generation."It's simple enough," he said. "Send her word to have her place cleaned up. Give her a certain time to do it in, and if she don't. ..""Dammit, sir," Judge Stevens said, "will you accuse a lady to her face of smelling bad?"So the next night, after midnight, four men crossed Miss Emily's lawn and slunk about the house like burglars, sniffing along the base of the brickwork and at the cellar openings while one of them performed a regular sowing motion with his hand out of a sack slung from his shoulder. They broke open the cellar door and sprinkled lime there, and in all the outbuildings. As they recrossed the lawn, a window that had been dark was lighted and Miss Emily sat in it, the light behind her, and her upright torso motionless as that of an idol. They crept quietly across the lawn and into the shadow of the locusts that lined the street. After a week or two the smell went away.That was when people had begun to feel really sorry for her. People in our town, remembering how old lady Wyatt, her great-aunt, had gone completely crazy at last, believed that the Griersons held themselves a little too high for what they really were. None of the young men were quite good enough for Miss Emily and such. We had long thought of them as a tableau, Miss Emily a slender figure in white in the background, her father a spraddled silhouette in the foreground, his back to her and clutching a horsewhip, the two of them framed by the back-flung front door. So when she got to be thirty and was still single, we were not pleased exactly, but vindicated; even with insanity in the family she wouldn't have turned down all of her chances if they had really materialized.When her father died, it got about that the house was all that was left to her; and in a way, people were glad. At last they could pity Miss Emily. Being left alone, and a pauper, she had become humanized. Now she too would know the old thrill and the old despair of a penny more or less.The day after his death all the ladies prepared to call at the house and offercondolence and aid, as is our custom Miss Emily met them at the door, dressed as usual and with no trace of grief on her face. She told them that her father was not dead. She did that for three days, with the ministers calling on her, and the doctors, trying to persuade her to let them dispose of the body. Just as they were about to resort to law and force, she broke down, and they buried her father quickly.We did not say she was crazy then. We believed she had to do that. We remembered all the young men her father had driven away, and we knew that with nothing left, she would have to cling to that which had robbed her, as people will.IIISHE WAS SICK for a long time. When we saw her again, her hair was cut short, making her look like a girl, with a vague resemblance to those angels in colored church windows--sort of tragic and serene.The town had just let the contracts for paving the sidewalks, and in the summer after her father's death they began the work. The construction company came with riggers and mules and machinery, and a foreman named Homer Barron, a Yankee--a big, dark, ready man, with a big voice and eyes lighter than his face. The little boys would follow in groups to hear him cuss the riggers, and the riggers singing in time to the rise and fall of picks. Pretty soon he knew everybody in town. Whenever you heard a lot of laughing anywhere about the square, Homer Barron would be in the center of the group. Presently we began to see him and Miss Emily on Sunday afternoons driving in the yellow-wheeled buggy and the matched team of bays from the livery stable.At first we were glad that Miss Emily would have an interest, because the ladies all said, "Of course a Grierson would not think seriously of a Northerner, a day laborer." But there were still others, older people, who said that even grief could not cause a real lady to forget noblesse oblige- -without calling it noblesse oblige. They just said, "Poor Emily. Her kinsfolk should come to her." She had some kin in Alabama; but years ago her father had fallen out with them over the estate of old lady Wyatt, the crazy woman, and there was no communication between the two families. They had not even been represented at the funeral.And as soon as the old people said, "Poor Emily," the whispering began. "Do you suppose it's really so?" they said to one another. "Of course it is. What else could . . ." This behind their hands; rustling of craned silk and satin behind jalousies closed upon the sun of Sunday afternoon as the thin, swift clop-clop-clop of the matched team passed: "Poor Emily."She carried her head high enough--even when we believed that she was fallen. It was as if she demanded more than ever the recognition of her dignity as the lastGrierson; as if it had wanted that touch of earthiness to reaffirm her imperviousness. Like when she bought the rat poison, the arsenic. That was over a year after they had begun to say "Poor Emily," and while the two female cousins were visiting her."I want some poison," she said to the druggist. She was over thirty then, still a slight woman, though thinner than usual, with cold, haughty black eyes in a face the flesh of which was strained across the temples and about the eyesockets as you imagine a lighthouse-keeper's face ought to look. "I want some poison," she said."Yes, Miss Emily. What kind? For rats and such? I'd recom--""I want the best you have. I don't care what kind."The druggist named several. "They'll kill anything up to an elephant. But what you want is--""Arsenic," Miss Emily said. "Is that a good one?""Is . . . arsenic? Yes, ma'am. But what you want--""I want arsenic."The druggist looked down at her. She looked back at him, erect, her face like a strained flag. "Why, of course," the druggist said. "If that's what you want. But the law requires you to tell what you are going to use it for."Miss Emily just stared at him, her head tilted back in order to look him eye for eye, until he looked away and went and got the arsenic and wrapped it up. The Negro delivery boy brought her the package; the druggist didn't come back. When she opened the package at home there was written on the box, under the skull and bones: "For rats."IVSo THE NEXT day we all said, "She will kill herself"; and we said it would be the best thing. When she had first begun to be seen with Homer Barron, we had said, "She will marry him." Then we said, "She will persuade him yet," because Homer himself had remarked--he liked men, and it was known that he drank with the younger men in the Elks' Club--that he was not a marrying man. Later we said, "Poor Emily" behind the jalousies as they passed on Sunday afternoon in the glittering buggy, Miss Emily with her head high and Homer Barron with his hat cocked and a cigar in his teeth, reins and whip in a yellow glove.Then some of the ladies began to say that it was a disgrace to the town and a bad example to the young people. The men did not want to interfere, but at last the ladies forced the Baptist minister--Miss Emily's people were Episcopal-- to call upon her. He would never divulge what happened during that interview, but he refused to go back again. The next Sunday they again drove about the streets, and the following day the minister's wife wrote to Miss Emily's relations in Alabama.So she had blood-kin under her roof again and we sat back to watch developments.At first nothing happened. Then we were sure that they were to be married. We learned that Miss Emily had been to the jeweler's and ordered a man's toilet set in silver, with the letters H. B. on each piece. Two days later we learned that she had bought a complete outfit of men's clothing, including a nightshirt, and we said, "They are married." We were really glad. We were glad because the two female cousins were even more Grierson than Miss Emily had ever been.So we were not surprised when Homer Barron--the streets had been finished some time since--was gone. We were a little disappointed that there was not a public blowing-off, but we believed that he had gone on to prepare for Miss Emily's coming, or to give her a chance to get rid of the cousins. (By that time it was a cabal, and we were all Miss Emily's allies to help circumvent the cousins.) Sure enough, after another week they departed. And, as we had expected all along, within three days Homer Barron was back in town. A neighbor saw the Negro man admit him at the kitchen door at dusk one evening.And that was the last we saw of Homer Barron. And of Miss Emily for some time. The Negro man went in and out with the market basket, but the front door remained closed. Now and then we would see her at a window for a moment, as the men did that night when they sprinkled the lime, but for almost six months she did not appear on the streets. Then we knew that this was to be expected too; as if that quality of her father which had thwarted her woman's life so many times had been too virulent and too furious to die.When we next saw Miss Emily, she had grown fat and her hair was turning gray. During the next few years it grew grayer and grayer until it attained an even pepper-and-salt iron-gray, when it ceased turning. Up to the day of her death at seventy-four it was still that vigorous iron-gray, like the hair of an active man.From that time on her front door remained closed, save for a period of six or seven years, when she was about forty, during which she gave lessons in china-painting. She fitted up a studio in one of the downstairs rooms, where the daughters and granddaughters of Colonel Sartoris' contemporaries were sent to her with the same regularity and in the same spirit that they were sent to church on Sundays with a twenty-five-cent piece for the collection plate. Meanwhile her taxes had been remitted.Then the newer generation became the backbone and the spirit of the town, and the painting pupils grew up and fell away and did not send their children to her with boxes of color and tedious brushes and pictures cut from the ladies' magazines. The front door closed upon the last one and remained closed for good. When the town got free postal delivery, Miss Emily alone refused to let them fasten the metal numbers above her door and attach a mailbox to it. She would not listen to them.Daily, monthly, yearly we watched the Negro grow grayer and more stooped, going in and out with the market basket. Each December we sent her a tax notice, which would be returned by the post office a week later, unclaimed. Now and then wewould see her in one of the downstairs windows--she had evidently shut up the top floor of the house--like the carven torso of an idol in a niche, looking or not looking at us, we could never tell which. Thus she passed from generation to generation--dear, inescapable, impervious, tranquil, and perverse.And so she died. Fell ill in the house filled with dust and shadows, with only a doddering Negro man to wait on her. We did not even know she was sick; we had long since given up trying to get any information from the NegroHe talked to no one, probably not even to her, for his voice had grown harsh and rusty, as if from disuse.She died in one of the downstairs rooms, in a heavy walnut bed with a curtain, her gray head propped on a pillow yellow and moldy with age and lack of sunlight.VTHE NEGRO met the first of the ladies at the front door and let them in, with their hushed, sibilant voices and their quick, curious glances, and then he disappeared. He walked right through the house and out the back and was not seen again.The two female cousins came at once. They held the funeral on the second day, with the town coming to look at Miss Emily beneath a mass of bought flowers, with the crayon face of her father musing profoundly above the bier and the ladies sibilant and macabre; and the very old men --some in their brushed Confederate uniforms--on the porch and the lawn, talking of Miss Emily as if she had been a contemporary of theirs, believing that they had danced with her and courted her perhaps, confusing time with its mathematical progression, as the old do, to whom all the past is not a diminishing road but, instead, a huge meadow which no winter ever quite touches, divided from them now by the narrow bottle-neck of the most recent decade of years.Already we knew that there was one room in that region above stairs which no one had seen in forty years, and which would have to be forced. They waited until Miss Emily was decently in the ground before they opened it.The violence of breaking down the door seemed to fill this room with pervading dust. A thin, acrid pall as of the tomb seemed to lie everywhere upon this room decked and furnished as for a bridal: upon the valance curtains of faded rose color, upon the rose-shaded lights, upon the dressing table, upon the delicate array of crystal and the man's toilet things backed with tarnished silver, silver so tarnished that the monogra m was obscured. Among them lay a collar and tie, as if they had just been removed, which, lifted, left upon the surface a pale crescent in the dust. Upon a chair hung the suit, carefully folded; beneath it the two mute shoes and the discarded socks.The man himself lay in the bed.For a long while we just stood there, looking down at the profound and fleshless grin. The body had apparently once lain in the attitude of an embrace, but now the longsleep that outlasts love, that conquers even the grimace of love, had cuckolded him. What was left of him, rotted beneath what was left of the nightshirt, had become inextricable from the bed in which he lay; and upon him and upon the pillow beside him lay that even coating of the patient and biding dust.Then we noticed that in the second pillow was the indentation of a head. One of us lifted something from it, and leaning forward, that faint and invisible dust dry and acrid in the nostrils, we saw a long strand of iron-gray hair.。
a rose for emily 句子语法解析
a rose for emily 句子语法解析1. “A rose for Emily”里的这个句子“She stared at the rose with a mix of longing and sadness.”，难道你们不觉得“with a mix of longing and sadness”这个短语用得超妙吗？就好像一个人心里又盼着又失落，那种纠结的心情一下就出来啦！比如说“他看着远方的家，with a mix of hope and fear.” 这不就把又期待又害怕的感觉展现得淋漓尽致？2. 来瞧瞧“A rose for Emily”中的这句“He walked away slowly, as if carrying the weight of the world.” 这“as if carrying the weight of the world”难道不是形象极了？这不就像咱们有时候感觉压力山大，“她垂着头，as if carrying all the troubles of the universe.” 是不是特别有画面感？3. “The room was filled with the scent of a rose for Emily, like a sweet dream.” 这个句子里的“like a sweet dream”，你们难道不觉得特别浪漫？就好比“她的笑容was like a bright star.” 是不是一下就让人感受到那种美好？4. 看看“A rose for Emily”中的“Her heart was as cold as ice when she saw the rose.” 这“as cold as ice”用得多生动啊！比如说“他的态度 was as hard as stone.” 是不是很容易就明白那种冷冰冰的感觉？5. “The rose lay on the table, silent but powerful.” 这里的“silent but powerful”是不是很有意思？就像“那座山stood there, silent but majestic.” 是不是让人忍不住去想象那种沉默又强大的力量？6. “A rose for Emily”里有这么一句“He spoke in a voi ce as soft as a whisper.” 这“as soft as a whisper”难道不让你觉得轻柔无比？好比“她的脚步was as light as a feather.” 是不是特别有感觉？7. “The rose seemed to tell a story, a story full of mysteries.” 这个句子里“seem to tell a story”是不是很吸引人？比如说“那幅画 seemed to reveala secret.” 是不是让你特别好奇？8. “Her eyes shone like stars when she received the rose for Emily.” 这“shone like stars”多形象呀！像“他的智慧shone like a lamp.” 是不是一下子就突出了那种闪耀？9. “The rose was a symbol of hope in the darkness of her life.” 这里的“a symbol of hope”是不是很有深意？就像“那盏灯 was a symbol of guidance in the fog.” 是不是让人能体会到那种重要性？10. “A rose for Emily, a love that never died.” 这“a love that never died”难道不令人感动？比如“一份友谊that never faded.” 是不是很能勾起情感？11. “The rose trembled in the wind, as if afraid of something.” 这“as if afraid of something”是不是特别有趣？像“那片叶子 trembled in the rain, as if in pain.” 是不是能感觉到那种不安？12. “His words about the rose for Emily were like a gentle breeze, touching her heart.” 这里的“like a gentle breeze”多温柔啊！好比“她的安慰were like a warm hug.” 是不是特别暖心？13. “The rose stood out among the weeds, just like a diamond in the rough.” 这“just like a diamond in the rough”难道不精彩？比如说“他的才华stood out in the crowd, just like a pearl in the sand.” 是不是很能突出与众不同？14. “A rose for Emily, a promise that was never broken.” 这“a promise that was never broken”是不是让人感到坚定？就像“一个梦想 that was never given up.” 是不是很有力量？15. “The rose bloomed beautifully, as if showing off its charm.” 这“as if showing off its charm”是不是很俏皮？比如“那只鸟 sang loudly, as if showing off its voice.” 是不是很生动？16. “Her smile when seeing the rose for Emily was like the first ray of sunshine in spring.” 这“like the first ray of sunshine in spring”多温暖！好比“他的出现was like the first drop of rain after a drought.” 是不是让人充满希望？17. “The rose withered gradually, but its memory lingered on.” 这里的“but its memory lingered on”是不是很有韵味？像“那段时光 passed quickly, but its influence lasted forever.” 是不是能感受到那种持久的影响？18. “A rose for Emily, a key to unlock her heart.” 这“a key to unlock her heart”是不是很神秘？比如说“一本书was a key to open his mind.” 是不是让人想要探索？19. “The rose glowed in the moonlight, as if it had its own soul.” 这“as if it had its own soul”是不是很神奇？像“那座城堡 glowed in the night, as if it had its own story.” 是不是充满了幻想？20. “A rose for Emily, a dream that came true at last.” 这“a dream that came true at last”难道不让人欣喜？比如“一个愿望 that was fulfilled eventually.” 是不是特别让人开心？。
ARoseforEmily翻译研究
A Rose for EmilyWilliam Faulkner【原文解读】过去几年一直在讲《英美短篇小说解读与译赏》（自编讲义），每讲一次，对福克纳的这篇小说都有一种新的认识，都有一种翻译的冲动，一旦动笔翻译，便在标题上卡壳了。
但正式决定要试着翻译这篇小说而收集相关评论时，才发现此篇小说早已有人译为《献给爱米丽的玫瑰》。
许多评论家都对此篇小说的主题给出了不同的看法，并找出了各种理由一定要“献给”爱米丽玫瑰。
其最终原因，他们的解读因为根据汉语译文标题《献给爱米丽的玫瑰》。
为什么一定要“献给”爱米丽的玫瑰”呢？爱米丽因为什么而值得“献给”玫瑰呢？这是专家们喜闻乐道、争论不断的话题。
尽管如此，仍然禁不住原文小说的诱惑，也禁不住想亲自动手翻译的冲动。
专家们对小说内容的分析给自己的翻译提供不少的理解上的帮助；他们的论争也同时加深了自己对原文的理解。
此篇小说翻译理解时，参阅过肖明翰博士对此篇小说的研究论文（肖明翰，再谈《献给爱米丽的玫瑰》———答刘新民先生，四川师范大学学报社会科学版2000年1月）。
他认为，此篇小说试图说明杰弗逊镇上的人及其以清教思想为核心的旧传统是造成爱米丽的悲剧的真正原因。
【翻译津要】尽管原文标题有寓意，但寓意如何，因人而已。
不同的人往往会有不同的理解。
这就是为什么不同的学者对这篇小说有不同的解读。
毕竟理解是一种阐释过程，但凡阐释必有主观性，翻译也是一种阐释，也必有译者的主观性。
从翻译的角度和读者的角度，个人感觉标题译为“悲情玫瑰”更好，因为全文中唯一出现rose(玫瑰)的地方是小说的第五部分中(171)A thin, acrid pall as of the tomb seemed to lie everywhere upon this room decked and furnished as for a bridal: upon the valance curtains of faded rose color, upon the rose-shaded lights, upon the dressing table, upon the delicate array of crystal and the man’s toilet things backed with tarnished silver, silver so tarnished that the monogram was obscured.其中rose一共出现过两次：rose color和rose-shaded lights。
A Rose For Emily(中英对照版)
A Rose For Emily福克纳的短篇小说<纪念爱米丽的一朵玫瑰花>讲述的是一个孤癣、傲慢的南方贵族后裔的人生悲剧.从社会心理学角度分析其悲剧成因有二:一,南方贵族的末落和留给后裔的负担;二,未婚夫荷默·伯隆的背叛--贵族虚荣的彻底叛碎,进而试图论证爱米丽的去世是"倒下的南方贵族纪念碑"这一深远主题意义.作品同时隐含着对人类自身悲剧的深入思考和揭露,以及对人类未来的震憾和启发.When Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to her funeral: the men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument, the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no one save an old manservant---a combined gardener and cook-had seen in at least ten years.It was a big, squarish frame house that had once been white, decorated with cupolas and spires and scrolled balconies in the heavily lightsome style of the seventies, set on what had once been our most select street. But arages and cotton gins had encroached and obliterated even the august names of that neighborhood; only Miss Emily's house was left, lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps-an eyesore among eyesores. And now Miss Emily had gone to join the representatives of those august names where they lay in the cedarbemused cemetery among the ranked and anonymous graves of Union and Confederate soldiers who fell at the battle of Jefferson.爱米丽•格里尔生小姐过世了，全镇的人都去送丧：男子们是出于敬慕之情，因为一个纪念碑倒下了：妇女们呢，则大多数出于好奇心，想看看她屋子的内部。
a-rose-for-emily。献给爱丽丝的玫瑰。最完整的英语ppt。
However, Faulkner spent much of his time observing ordinary townspeople as well, and this is why he was able to capture the voice of the common people of Jefferson in the character of the narrator.He won two Pulitzer Prizes, a National Book Award, and the Nobel Prize for Literature.
His first short story collection, These 13 (1931), includes "A Rose for Emily", "Red Leaves", "That Evening Sun", and "Dry September".
Major Works
Three novels, The Hamlet, The Town and The Mansion, known collectively as the Snopes Trilogy
Faulkner belonged to a once-wealthy family of former plantation owners. Both parents came from wealthy families reduced to genteel (上流社会的) poverty by the Civil War.
The Author The Background
The Plots The Themes Techniques
A-Rose-For-Emily
• It reflects the decline of the southern society. In this background, due to the restriction of the traditional ideas, some people are imprisoned in the past and ignore the passage of time.
• 门砰地一下踹开了，顿时屋里好像弥漫着灰尘。房间好像 曾是一间装饰一新旳新房，如今如坟墓一般发出淡淡旳、 呛人旳气味，到处渗透出阴森森气氛：褪色了旳玫瑰色窗 帘，阴暗旳玫瑰色灯光，梳妆台，一排精细旳水晶饰品， 还有白银底色旳盥洗用具，但是白银制品已经失去旳光泽， 连刻在上面旳笔迹也都看不清了。其中有一条硬领和领带， 好像是从身上取下来旳，然后提起来，在台面上留下淡淡 旳月牙形尘埃痕迹。椅子上挂着一套精心折叠旳衣服；椅 子下是两只寂寞旳鞋子，还有一双丢弃旳袜子。
【原文解读】
• 此段对爱米丽旳卧室环境进行了细节描写。文学 作品中一切环境描写都具有一定旳意图，此段描 写也烘托出一种悲情气氛，并点出小说旳主题： 玫瑰（—爱情—婚姻—死亡）(171)。此处是整篇 小说中玫瑰唯一出现旳地方。
A_rose_for_Emily赏析.doc
A_rose_for_Emily赏析.doc《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》是美国著名作家威廉·福克纳的代表性短篇小说之一，讲述了一个有关孤独和死亡的故事。
小说叙事手法巧妙，通过回溯式叙事、时间叙事和意识流等手法，将人物的内心感受和思想渐次展现，在淡雅的笔触下，揭示出人性的各种暗面，让人深思和共鸣。
小说主要讲述了南方小镇杰斐逊市的一位老处女艾米丽·格里森的一生。
在小说的开头，艾米丽被描述为一个古怪的老太太，她家里充满了过时的东西，而她自己也常常被乡亲们阻挠。
接着，小说通过回溯式叙事，讲述了艾米丽的一生，其中最重要的部分是她与一个年轻的北方建筑师荷马的关系。
荷马是一位充满生机和活力的年轻人，他的到来为杰斐逊市带来了新的生命和希望。
然而，荷马的出现并没有给艾米丽带来幸福，反而让她更加孤独和悲伤。
艾米丽沉迷于对荷马的爱情中，不断地对他进行控制和束缚，最终导致了荷马的死亡。
为了保持她的爱情不死，艾米丽甚至在荷马死后将他的尸体保存了下来，直到她自己去世。
小说最后一段描述了艾米丽死亡之后，人们在她家里发现了荷马的尸体，这是一个极其恐怖和荒谬的场景。
艾米丽为了守护自己的爱情，不惜走向疯狂和破坏。
整个小说通过叙事技巧和情节安排，将艾米丽的生活和性格深入地展现出来，既描述了她生活的历程和经历的痛苦，也揭示了她内心的苦闷和恐惧。
《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》在结构上非常紧凑，通过叙事的逐层深入，将人物的形象和内心深处逐渐丰富起来。
福克纳的笔法又非常细腻，运用隐喻、象征、反讽等众多手法来刻画人物和表达主题。
这些手法让读者在阅读过程中不仅能够深刻理解人物的内心，还能够共鸣和思考他们所代表的意义。
总之，《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》是一篇富有深度和思想性的小说，它通过对艾米丽一生的描写，呈现了生命和死亡、孤独和爱情等多重主题，令人深感震撼和感悟。
它不仅是福克纳作品中的经典之作，也是世界文学史上不可忽略的一篇文学佳作。
完整word版,A-Rose-for-Emily-完整版译文
一、爱米丽·格利尔逊小姐走了，全镇的人都去送葬：男人们是出于敬慕之情，因为一座丰碑倒塌了；女人们大多出于好奇之心，都想到爱米丽屋里看个究竟。
除了一个园丁兼厨师的上了年纪的男仆外，至少已经十年都没有人进去看过了。
那是一幢曾经漆成白色的方形大木屋，圆圆的顶阁，尖尖的塔顶，涡形花纹的阳台，尽显出浓浓的七十年代轻松愉快的风格。
房屋所在的街道曾经是全镇最为繁华之地。
但这里早已被附近的汽修厂和扎棉机侵占了，就连那些庄严的名字也被吞噬得一干二净；岿然不动的，只有爱米丽小姐的房子，虽有破败之势，却依然显得执拗不训，风韵犹存，与周围的四轮棉花车和汽油泵一样，太过碍眼了。
如今爱米丽小姐也进入了那些具有代表性的庄严的名字行列之中，他们长眠在雪松环拥的墓地里，那是南北战争时期杰斐逊战役中阵亡的军人之墓，有的是南方军人，有的是北方士兵；有的是高职位，有的是无名氏。
生前，爱米丽小姐代表着一个传统、一种职责；她既是人们关注的目标，也是全镇传承下来对她应尽的义务，这种义务是从一八九四年开始的，当时的镇长萨特里斯上校——还颁布了一道命令：严禁黑人妇女不系围裙上街——豁免了她各种税款；这种特惠政策从她父亲去世之日开始，一直到她不在人世之时为止。
这并不是说爱米丽爱占人们的便宜，而是萨特里斯上校编造了一套不清不楚的瞎话，说什么爱米丽的父亲曾贷款给镇政府，而镇政府，作为交易，以这种方式偿还。
这种瞎话，只有萨特里斯上校那一代人以及像他那样的脑袋的人才瞎编的出来，也只有女人们才会相信这种瞎话。
到了第二代人，他们当上了镇长和议员，思想更加前卫，便对这种免税约定产生了一丝不满。
那年元旦，他们寄给她一张纳税通知单，可是到了二月，依然没有回信。
他们给她发了一封公函，要她方便时到镇治安办公室去一趟。
一周后，镇长亲自书函一封给她，表示愿意登门拜访，或派车接她；镇长得到的回信却是一张便条，字是写在一张古香古色的信笺上，书法流利，字迹纤细，墨迹已干，大意是说，她根本不再外出。
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Stylistic Features
1.dislocated time sequence: juxtaposing the past with the present 2.application of symbolism: rose, the fallen monument 3.long sentences with complex structure
Theme
Set in the town of Jefferson in Yoknapatawpha, the story expresses the confrontation of the old South and the civilized modern society. Emily is in collision with the industrialized and mechanized society by clinging to the past and alienating herself from the modern society, which makes her a tragic victim.
Characterization
Emily is a symbol of the old South but also a prisoner of the past. She depended on her father and clang to his style. She was eccentric in refusing to accept the passage of time or the inevitable social changes. She demonstrated her deformed personality and abnormality in her relationship with her sweetheart.
Writing style
Flashbackiterary devices that utilize time in order to produce a desired effect. Flashbacks are used to present action that occurs before the beginning of a story; foreshadowing creates expectation for action that has not yet happened. Faulkner uses both devices in ‘‘A Rose for Emily.’’
Yoknapatawpha
Yoknapatawpha county is actually an Faulkner’ imaginary place based on Faulkner’s hometown of Oxford. In Faulkner's works, Yoknapatawpha county has become an allegory or a parable of the old south, with which Faulkner has managed successfully to show a panorama of the experience and consciousness of the whole southern society.
The meaning of the title is ironic
☜ The rose as a symbol of love: A rose usually represents love. But Miss Emily was denied love. ☜ The rose as a tribute: The rose can be regarded as a tribute. A tribute is usually something positive. But Emily's story is anything but positive.