初中英语句子的基本结构
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句子的基本结构
一、句子的基本成分
句子的基本成分有以下几种：
1、_____：句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由____________________________担当，位于句首。
The boy needs a pen. Smoking is bad for you.
2、______：说明主语的动作或状态。由______担任，常置于主语后。The train leaves at 6 o’clock.
3、_______：表示动作的对象。一般由_______担当，常置于谓语后。He won the game.
4、_______：用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。一般由______________担任，置于系动词之后。
He is a student. We are tired.
5、_______：对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。
The black bike is mine. The boy in blue is Jim. I have nothing to do today.
6、________：用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句，位置灵活。
I am very sorry. In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth.
They are writing English in the classroom.
7、____________：补充说明宾语的情况。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。常位于宾语后。
He made me sad. She asks me to take an umbrella.
8、同位语：同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情况, 它可以由
名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。
Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy.
I myself will do the experiment.
She is the oldest among them six.
一、指出下列划线部分的基本成分。
1. Our school is not far from my home.
2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you
3. All of us considered him honest.
4. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
5. Her job is to look after the babies.
6. We need a place twice larger than this one.
7. He goes to school by bike.
8. The man over there is my old friend.
9. What he needs is a book.
10. I must leave right now.
句子结构
(S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语) 一．S十V主谓结构（vi.）
They listened carefully．
My homework has finished.
二．S十V十O主谓宾结构(vt.)
They found their home easily
They have taken good care of the children．
三．S十V十F主系表结构（系动词）
Is, look ________________________________________________________+形容词
The desk feels hard.
He becomes a teacher．
The trees turn yellow in the autumn.
四．S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构
give，ask_________________________________________________________sb sth
He brought me a pen.
He offered me his seat.
He got me a chair
五．S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构
They found her happy that day．
I saw him in.
I heard the glass broken just now
二、指出下列句子属于哪种基本句子结构。
1. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.
2. He broke a piece of glass.
3. He asked us to sing an English song.
4. We will make our school more beautiful.
5. Trees turn green in spring.
6. He came finally last night.
7. Her voice sounds sweet.
8. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.
9. Mary handed her homework to the teacher.
10. He made it clear that he would leave the city.
六．There be 结构
1、定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。
2、结构：(1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语.
(2) There are +复数名词+地点状语.
①__________________________. 树上有一只鸟。
②________________________________. 我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。
划分句子成分练习题