英语国家概况中英文对照
《英美国家概况》终极笔记中英文对照版
新版“英语国家概况”精讲笔记Chapter 1第一章Land and People 英国的国土与人民I.Different Names for Britain and its Parts英国的不同名称及其各组成部分1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England.地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。
2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland,and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。
4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。
(2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。
英语国家概况中英对照
大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国P4The commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. Member nations are joined economically and have trading arrangements. The commonwealth has no special powers. There are 50 member countries within the Commonwealth.英联邦是一个自由联合体，由曾是英国殖民地而现已独立的国家构成，成员国之间实行经济合作，有一定的贸易协议。
联邦没有特殊的权力。
有50个成员国在联邦。
P12The English are Anglo-Saxons, but the Scots, Welsh and Irish are Celts.英格兰人是盎格鲁——撒克逊人，而苏格兰人、威尔士人和爱尔兰人却都是凯尔特人；P17凯尔特人Celts----首先入侵The Celts, a taller and fairer race than the people who had come before, began to arrive about 700BC and kept coming until the arrival of the Romans. They may originally have come from eastern and central Europe, now France, Belgium and southern Germany. They came to Britain in three main waves.凯尔特人比先前抵达的种族更高、更漂亮，他们于公元前700年开始迁入，并于此后不断迁居到此岛，直至罗马人入侵；他们最初来自东欧和中欧,现在法国、比利时和德国南部一带。
英语国家概况
1. Anglo-Saxons:a Germanic people from Europe who went to England betweenthe 5th and 7th centuries2. Norman Conquest :(诺曼征服)William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy(诺曼底), invaded and conquered England and the Anglo-Saxons in 10663. Standard English:Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England,adopted as a broadcasting standard in the British media.4. constitutional monarchy: (君主立宪制)Parliament passed the Bill of Rights(人权法案) ,which limited the power of the monarch and guaranteed the authority of Parliament..The Glorious Revolution was complete,in which Parliament succeeded in removing a ruling monarch they did not like and establishing a system known as constitutional monarch. From that time, the King ruled with an authority circumscribed(限制)by Parliament.5. Great Depression:(大萧条):Bussiness was slack from 1929 to 1933 in Europe ,south America and other countries.6.North Atlantic Treaty Organization:(北大西洋公约组织)：Defense is a collaboration for the realization of an international organization established in 1949 by the United States and Western Europe 11 countries was formed to deter the Soviet Union, control of Western Europe, the struggle for world hegemony.7. European Economic Community:（欧洲经济共同体）:Also known as the European Common Market, established in 1958, the implementation ofEuropean economic and political integration8. House of Commons(下议院):The House of Commons, though often referred to as the Lower House ,is the center of parliamentary power.9. The Commonwealth Le Commonweath:Commonweath refers to the C ommonweath of Australia and the Commonweath of Bahamas,respectively,and the Commonweath of Natiions is used to indicate the community of independent states.10. BSE(Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy)（疯牛病）：BSE is a chronic, infectious, fatal central nervous system diseases..11. comprehensive school:（综合学校）:regardless of student ability, students can learn in a variety of schoolsubjects.12. General Certificate of Secondary Education（普通中等教育证书）:Having completed the GCSE, students may choose to leave school and begin working,or to continue full-time education in what is called the ‚six form‛12. Open University:The Open University offers a non-traditional route for people to t ake universitylevel courses and receive a university degree. They follow university courses through textbooks,TV and radio broadcast,correspondence,video,and a network of study centers.13. the BBC:the British Broadcasting Corporation.,affectionately referred to as the Beeb of Auntie Beeb,is Britain’s main public service broadcaster.14．Trooping the Color:when the Queen’s official birthday is officially celebrated with ‘Trooping the Color‛ around Buckingham Palace in London,which is also know as the Queen’s Birthday Parade.ke Poets:（湖畔诗人）:Refers to the English Romantic movement in nineteenth-century earlier produced a genre.who lived in the Lake District to explore nature.16. stream os consciousness（意识流）:the apparently unorganized flow of thought onto page.Writer who adopt this technique give precedence to the depiction of the character’smental and emotional reactions to external events,rather than the events themselves 17. Absurd Theater:（荒诞派戏剧）:the plays are concerned with human suffering and survival,and the characters are struggling with meaninglessness and the world of the Nothing 18. Anglo-Irish Agreement（英爱协定）:This agreement gave the Irish government a consultative role in the administration of Northern Ireland.It also reaffirmed that the six northern countries would remain part of Britain so long as it was favored by the majority of the citizens.19.Canada:The name Canada is said to have derived from the Huron word Kanata ,meaning‛village‛20. Quebec Act（魁北克法案）:In 1744 the British Parliament passed the Quebec Act ,which granted the people of Quebe Linguistic and religious freedom,and guaranteed the use of French civil law and British people and unite them into one country.21. Suez Crisis（苏伊士危机）;Also known as the Suez War or the Second Middle East War.Canadian diplomat and politician Lester Pearson wom the Nonel Peace Prize in 1957 for organizing a peacekeeping force to defuse the Suez Crisis22. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.（石油输出国组织）:September 10, 1960, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela met in Baghdad,decided to jointly deal with Western oil companies, maintenance of oil revenues. 14, the five countries announced the establishment of the organization of Petroleum Exporting23 North American Free Trade Agreement（北美自由贸易协定）:Trade treaty signed in 1992, provides for the gradual elimination of the United States,Canada, Mexico clearance between products and services most tariffsand other trade barriers24 cultural mosaic（文化马赛克）:And the melting pot contrast, refers to a combination of cultural elements froma variety ofcultural form sIn this cultural forms, the various culturalelements are preserved in their own characteristic csand traditions, and not because of time or other reasons to integrate together25. CAEL Assessment:Canadian Academic English Language Assessment. It is the test non-English speaking students in English-speaking countries plan to continuelearning in university or college level English。
英语国家概况译文 -Chapter 3 The Shaping of Nation
第三章英国的形成Ⅰ.诺曼统治(1066--1381)1.威廉一世的统治(1066--1381年)在威廉统治下，英国的封建制度得到完全确立。
根据此制度，国王个人拥有全国所有土地。
威廉把英国的大片土地分给贵族，条件是贵族保证服役和交租。
贵族的这些地产分散于各处，这样土地拥有者就不易联合起来反叛国王。
已成为国王土地承租人的贵族又把土地分配给小贵族、骑士和自由民，同样要他们交租和服役。
处在封建等级制底层的是农奴--和奴隶差不多的没有自由的人们。
英国封建制度独有的特点(这一特点限制了贵族权力的扩大)是：所有的土地拥有者，无论是土地承租人还是二佃户，都要为手中的土地不仅要宣誓效忠于直接领主，而且还要宣誓效忠国王。
威廉用大议会取代了盎格鲁撒克逊国玉的顾问团--贤人会议。
大评议会由他的土地承租人组成，一旦国王召集，他们就得到大评议会服务。
在南部城市温切斯特、威斯敏斯特和格洛斯特，大议会一年开会三次。
为了可靠地记录所有的土地、佃户和他们的财产并查明他们能交多少税，威廉派官员编了一本财产清册，称为《末日审判书》。
因为对英国人来说，这本土地清册无疑就是最后审判日那天众王之王所用的《末日书》。
此册完成于1086年，它记录了1085年作的英国全国总调查的结果。
此册陈述了土地的范围、价值、人口、耕种情况和所有权。
现在《末日审判书》保存在伦敦的公共档案馆里。
从此册可以看出，在1086年，农村约有一半的耕地掌握在10个承租人(贵族)手里，其中只有两个是英国贵族，约五分之一土地归国王本人所有。
其余大多数属于主教、修道院院长和其他修道院头领。
威廉对教会在英国的发展极有兴趣。
他对教会的政策是完全拉制，同时赞成它拥有权力。
他让意大利裔的贝克主教(诺曼人)兰佛兰克担任坎特伯雷大主教。
他鼓励兰佛兰克用诺曼特色的高效率来管理教会事务，并进一步密切英国教会与罗马的关系，但他又小心地维护自己的独立性。
没有他的授权，英国不承认教皇；没有他的批准，教皇诏书在英国就没有任何影响力；未经他的允许，主教不可以访问罗马，甚至不可以写信给教皇；没有他的明确同意，在他的广大王国内任何人都不能被逐出教会。
英语国家概况(汉英对照)
英语国家概况A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIESPart One The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland第一部分大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国第一章国土与人民Chapter 1 Land and PeopleⅠ.英国的不同名称及其区域1. Different Names for Britain and its Parts人们说到英国时常常使用不同的名称:不列颠、大不列颠、英格兰、不列颠群岛、联合王国等。
这些名称一样吗?还是有所区别? When people refer to Britain, they often use different names such as Britain, Great Britain, England, the British Isles, the United Kingdom or the U.K. Do they mean the same thing? Or are they different?严格地讲，不列颠诸岛、大不列颠和英格兰都是地理名称。
它们并不是这个国家的正式名称。
不列颠诸岛是由两个大岛和几百个小岛组成的。
两个大岛是不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛，其中不列颠岛较大，它与爱尔兰岛的北部一北爱尔兰构成联合王国。
因此，联合王国的正式国名是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
但一口气说出这么长的国名太费事，因此，人们就说不列颠，联合王国或简单地说UK。
这是不列颠岛上的一个国家，首都是伦敦。
另外还有一个国家，叫爱尔兰共和国或称爱尔兰，也位于不列颠岛上。
它占据了爱尔兰岛的其余部分，在岛的南部。
1949 年始爱尔兰独立，首都是都柏林。
Strictly speaking, the British Isles,Great Britain and England are all geographical names. They are not the official name of the country. The British Isles are made up of two large islands and hundreds of small ones. The two large islands are Great Britain andIreland. Great Britain is the larger of these two islands. It forms the United Kingdom with Northern Ireland—the northern part of Ireland. So the official name of the United Kingdom is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. But it is too much of a mouthful to say such a long name for a country, so people just say Britain, the United Kingdom or simply U.K. This is one country on the British Isles and its capital is London. There is another country called the Republic of Ireland or Eire on the British Isles. It takes up the remainder of Ireland—the southern part of Ireland. It has been an independent republic since 1949 and its capital is Dublin.大不列颠岛上有三个政治区:英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
英语国家概况-加拿大篇中英翻译
Part ThreeChapter 23Canada’s geography and history加拿大的地理特点：Canada’s geography features:1) 座落于美国的北部，仅次于俄罗斯的世界第二大国；lies to the north of the US; the world’s second largest country after Russia.2.地形十分复杂：东部山区沿海省份沿劳伦斯湾和大西洋形成不规则的海岸；西部，太平洋沿岸地区被南北走向的山脉分离，其中包括落基山脉；中部是一个大平原；it has an extremely varied topography:the east part is mountainous maritime provinces have an irregular coastline on the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Atlantic;The west part,the Pacific border is separated from the rest of the country by mountain ranges from north to south including the Rockies; the central part is a vast plain.3.气候不甚宜人，大部分地区冬季既漫长又寒冷，积雪深厚；所以，大多数人都居住在南部边境地区the climate is unfavorable, much of Canada has long and cold winters with deep snow. So,a major part of the population lives along the southern border.4.最高峰是落根峰，主要的两大河流是马更些河与圣劳伦斯河。
英语国家概况超级详细
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WALES
Daffodil 水仙花
Capital city: Cardiff youngest capital in Europe since 1955 (P5) longest river of Britain: The Severn River (354km) cf.The RiverThames (338km): most important river Features: being dominated by England longest of 3 retaining a powerful sense of its difference from England Welsh spoken by 20%
WALES 威尔士
NORTHERN IRELAND 北爱尔兰
ENGLAND 英格兰
4 NATIONS
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ENGLAND 英格兰
St George’s Flag
130,410km2 60%
The River Themes泰晤士河 The Pennines奔宁山脉: the ‘backbone’ of England Lake District湖区: Lake Poets湖畔(派)诗人 Features: most populous wealthiest highly urbanized London: capital, largest city Birmingham伯明翰: 2nd largest city
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NATIONAL FLAG
Correct Way
Upside Down !
FLAG
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FLAG
Thistle蓟
英语国家概况(自测中英互译)——英国篇
第一部分英国第一章国土与人民1、地理名称：大不列颠群岛、大不列颠和英格兰2官方名称、大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国3、大不列颠群岛是有两个达到和成百上千个小岛组成的。
两个大岛分别是大不列颠岛和北爱尔兰岛4大不列颠岛上有3个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士第二章英国的起源1、有记载的英国历史开始于罗马人的入侵2、罗马人把基督教这一新宗教带到不列颠3爱德华国王因其对宗教的虔诚被封为“忏悔者”，并且他对过时的关心苏护远不及他对修建威斯敏斯特大教堂的关心4、1066年的诺曼征服也许是英国历史上最著名的事件。
征服者威廉几乎没收了所有的土地，并将其分发给他的诺曼追随者。
他用强大的诺曼政府取代了软弱的撒克逊政府。
于是，封建制度在英国完全确立。
它开放了英国与欧走大陆的联系，文明和商业得到发展，引进了诺曼-法国文化、语言、习俗和建筑。
教会与罗马联系更为密切，教会法庭与吗，民事法庭分离第三章英国的形成1、在未立案通知下，英国的封建制度完全确立了。
根据此制度，国王个人拥有全国所有的土地。
威廉把英国的大片土地分封给贵族，条件是贵族保证服军役和交租2、威廉用大议会取代了盎格鲁-撒克逊过往的顾问团——贤人会议。
大会以由他的土地承租人组成，一旦国王着急，他们就得为大议会服务3、《大宪章》是约翰国王于1215年在封建贵族的压力下签定的。
《大宪章》共有63条，其中最重要的内容是：没有大议会批准不得征税：只有依照国家有关法律才能逮捕、拘谨自由人及剥夺他们的财产：教会影响收起所有权利且具有选举自由；伦敦河其他城市应保留其古时的权利和特权；全国应统一度量衡4尽管《大宪章》长期以来被普遍认为是英国自由的基础，但它规定的只是国王与贵族之间的封建关系与法律关系，保证了教会的自由，限制了国王的权利，指望权与封建法律的约束下5、战争的起因既有领土因素也有经济因素。
领土起因尤其与英国国王拥有法国的阿基坦大片公爵领地有密切联系。
随着法国国王势力日增，他们日益觊觎这篇从他们领土内被分割出去的土地。
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Part One
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国第一章国土与人民Chapter 1 Land and People
Ⅰ英国的不同名称及其区域 1。
Different Names for Britain and its Parts
人们说到英国时常常使用不同的名称，不列颠，大不列颠,英格兰，不列颠群岛，联合王国。
这些名称一样吗？还是有所区别？
When people refer to Britain, they often use different names such as Britain， Great
Britain， England， the British Isles, the United Kingdom or the U。
K. Do they mean the same thing? Or are they different?
严格地讲，不列颠诸岛、大不列颠和英格兰都是地理名称。
它们并不是这个国家的正式名称。
不列颠诸岛是由两个大岛和几百个小岛组成的。
两个大岛是不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛，其中不列颠岛较大，它与爱尔兰岛的北部一北爱尔兰构成联合王国.因此，联合王国的正式国名是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
但一口气说出这么长的国名太费事，因此，人们就说不列颠，联合王国或简单地说UK。
这是不列颠岛上的一个国家,首都是伦敦。
另外还有一个国家，叫爱尔兰共和国或称爱尔兰，也位于不列颠岛上。
它占据了爱尔兰岛的其余部分，在岛的南部。
1949
年始爱尔兰独立，首都是都柏林。
Strictly speaking, the British Isles, Great Britain and England are all geographical names. They are not the official name of the country。
The British Isles are made up of two large islands and hund reds of small ones。
The two large islands are Great Britain and Ireland. Great Britain is the larger of these two islands。
It forms the United Kingdom with Northern Ireland-
the northern part of Ireland. So the official name of the United Kingdom is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland。
But it is too much of a mouthful to say such a long name for a country， so people just say Britain, the United Kingdom or simply U.K。
This is one country on the British Isles and its capital is London. There is another country called the Republic of Irelan d or Eire on the British Isles. It takes up the remainder of Ireland-
the southern part of Ireland. It has been an independent republic since 1949 and its capital is Dubli n.
大不列颠岛上有三个政治区
英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
英格兰面积最大、人口最多，一般说来也最富裕.因此人们常用英格兰指代英国，用英格兰人指代英国人。
这有时令苏格兰人和威尔士人不快，他们不认为自己是"英格兰人”
,他们有自己的文化，甚至有自己的语言。
There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales. Engl and is the largest， most populous and generally speaking the richest section。
So people tend to use ‘England’ and ‘English’ when they mean ‘Britain' and ‘British’. This sometimes annoys the Scots or t he Welsh who do not regard themselves as English and who have a culture and even a language of t heir own.
英国一直是世界上最重要的国家之一。
约一百年前，由于推行帝国主义扩张政策，英国成为一个帝国，这个帝国占有世界上四分之一的人口,四分之一的面积。
它不仅在北美，而且在亚洲、非洲和澳洲都有殖民地。
但是两次世界大战大大削弱了英国，英国殖民地接二连三独立，大英帝国逐渐消失，1931年由英联邦所取代。
Britain has been one of the most important countries in the world. About a hundred years ago, as a
result of its imperialist expansion， Britain ruled an empire that had one fourth of the world’s peo ple and one fourth of the world’s land area. It had colonies not only in North America， but also in Asia， Africa and Australia. However， the two world wars greatly weakened Britain. The British Empire gradually disappeared and it was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Common wealth of Nations in 1931.
英联邦是一个自由联合体，由曾经是英国殖民地变为现已独立的国家构成。
成员国之间实行经济合作，有一定的贸易协议.英联邦没有特别的权力，是否参加英联邦由各成员国自己决定。
目前（ 1991年）,英联邦有50个成员国。
The commonwealth (of Nations) is a free association of independent countries that were
once colonies of Britain. Member nations are joined together economically and have certain tradin g arrangements. The commonwealth has no special powers. The decision to become a member of t he commonwealth is left to each nation. At present there are 50 member countries within the Com monwealth （1991)。