英语报刊选读4-21Lesson 8
冀教版八上英语 Unit4 Lesson 21 Eat a Donut and Turn Right
A. hisB. himC. himselfD. he
3.—Whosetextbookisit? IsitJenny’s? —No, it______beJenny’s. Look, Helenkit______beHelen’s. 【2020·鄂州】 A. can’t; mustB. mustn’t; must C. can’t; mayD. mustn’t; may
【点拨】句意为“——今天早上上学你赶上第一班公 共汽车了吗?——没有。在我上车之前它就开始移动 了”。根据语境可知, “我”上去前它就开动了。故选 C。
5.—____A__dothestudentsinthevillagegotoschool? —Onaropeway(索道). 【2020·绥化】
A. can B. mustn’t
C. can’t D. must
9. MycousinAndrewiscrazyaboutdoingmanythingsby____ B __. 【中考·盐城】
A. herselfB. himselfC. himD. her
10. Don’tworryaboutyourdaughter.
12.—Excuseme, ____D__? —It’snexttoWandaCinema. 【中考·南宁】 A. whenisthemovieon B. whatisyourmother C. whoisthegirlunderthetree D. whereisthenearestbookshop
7. 穿过公园你会看见很多树。
_____W__a_l_k_th__ro_u__g_h_w_itlhl epark, andyou__________________manytrees.
《英语报刊选读》期末考试试卷附答案
《英语报刊选读》期末考试试卷附答案一、将下列所给的英语名词翻译成中文。
（15小题*2=30）1．The House of Lords2．Social Security3．Capitol Hill4．Speaker5．Fund —raising party6．Senior citizen7．Westinghouse Science Talent Search8．Asia —Pacific summit9．Sovereignty10．British Foreign Secretary11．Christian12．economic recession13．royal family14．the Commonwealth15．spokesman二、报刊阅读题。
Campaign strategists have agreed to focus to focus on the Senate, where leaders hope to complete work on the budget package by May 1. “We felt that if the Senate defeated the proposal, it would not even come up in the House,”says John Rot her, legislative director for the 18—million —member American Association of Retired persons.Targeted mainly are Republicans, who control the Senate, with particular emphasis on the 21 who face re—election next year. The next election looms large in the lobbyists’strategy. “We shall not forget if Congree haves in an unfriendly fashion to the senior citizens of the United States,”warns Jacob Clay man, president of the NCSC, which represents 4.5 million persons. “We shall remember—and 1986 is just around the corner.”Eric Shulman, legislative director for the NCSC, explains: “Those up forreelection will have their ears closest to the ground—and we are making as much of a rumble as we can. We see this issue being won or lost not in Washington but out in the countryside.”Adds Arthur Flemming, former U. S. commissioner on aging and now a lobbyist for the elderly:”“It’s the grass roots that convey the message most effectively.”I ．单项选择题。
英美报刊文学第21课
• • • • • • • • • •
Skew [skjuː] 歪曲；曲解 Sift [sɪft] 细查；详审；挑选 Solace [‘sɔləs, -lis] 安慰 Stand [stænd] 维持；忍受 Stumble [‘stʌmbl] 跌跌撞撞地走
Stumble across 偶然发现；偶然遇见
• Compatible [kəm‘pætəbl] 情投意合的；兼容的 • Criteria [kraɪ'tɪərɪə] criterion • Delve [delv] （在手提包、容器中）翻找；钻研
Delve into 探索；探究
• Dilute [daɪ‘luːt] 稀释；削弱，降低
• • • • • • • • • •
杨海天
Vocabulary
• Algorithm [‘ælgərɪð(ə)m] 算法，计算程序 • Chemistry [‘kemɪstrɪ] （两性之间强烈的）吸引 力；化学 • Collaborate [kə‘læbəreɪt] 合作；通敌
Collaborate with sb on/ in doing sth
matchmaking n.作媒；安排比赛；火柴制造（业） algorithms n.运算法则，演算法，计算程序 meant to be命中注定 power vt.运转，使…有力量
welcome
胡浩岚
Language Features of Newspaper Articles
First of all, please look at the headline of this news. It says “Dose Online Dating Make It Harder to Find ‘the One’? It’s obvious that ‘the one’ has a single quotation mark in this headline. Actually, here the one means spouse or partner, we call this kind of rhetorical device as metaphor.
美英报刊阅读教程 Lesson21
The differences in admission system and the examination system are the root causes of the differences between Chinese and American college entrance exams.
SAT----The Scholastic Assessment Test
Xu Qiqi Zhang Minxue Zhao Jingjing
• 1.What is SAT? • 2.Why take the SAT subjects test? • 3.who take SAT?
• 4.when to take SAT? • 5.The position of SAT. • 6.Campare with chinese college entrance examination.
is
SAT?
. SAT consists of three major sections: Critical Reading,
Mathematics, and Writing. • The SAT is offered seven times a year in the United States; in October, November, December, January, March (or April, alternating), May, and June. The test is typically offered on the first Saturday of the month for the November, December, May, and June administrations. In other countries, the SAT is offered on the same dates as in the United States except for the first spring test date (i.e., March or April), which is not offered.
英语报刊选读-教学大纲
一、课程基本信息课程编号：120450100课程名称：英语报刊选读（Selected Readings of English Newspapers）课程属性：专业方向课总学分：2总学时：32周学时：2先修课程：综合英语、英语泛读考试形式：考试适用专业：英语专业二、课程教学目的本课程旨在提高学生阅读和理解英语报刊的能力，使学生学到英语新闻学的基本知识，对英语报刊的语言风格与特点有所了解，了解英美历史、文化传统和当今社会的热点问题以及科技的最新发展状况等，以阅读和评论为主要训练的手段，注重阅读内容的理解和评论以及报刊文章、新闻的标题、导语以及结构分析。
通过本课程的学习学生能够丰富词汇、开拓视野，以便毕业后在工作中能快速摄取英语信息，跟上时代的步伐。
三、教学基本要求本课程可介于精读和泛读之间进行讲授，以帮助学生理解和掌握课文内容为主，讲课时可交替使用英语和汉语。
精读的目的是为了帮助学生学习泛读未规定的教学内容。
另外，要注重向学生介绍所涉及到的美英报刊的特点、报刊英语的风格等背景知识，以增加学生学习的趣味和积极性。
课程考核形式为课堂考察，作业与期末考试相结合。
四、课程基本内容及学时分配Unit One China Watch （4学时）Lesson OneText China opens doors of state-run companies to world's top talent （中国国企为世界高端人才敞开大门）（The Washington Post, November 16, 2011）新闻写作何谓NewsLesson TwoText An American in Beijing（中国经济迅猛发展，留学生蜂拥而至）（Time, April 4,2008）语言解说 PresenceLesson ThreeText Tiger Mom ... Meet Panda Dad（熊猫爸爸挑战虎妈育儿经）（The Wall Street Journal, March 29,2011）新闻写作新闻体裁Unit Two United States （Ⅰ）（4学时）Lesson FourText Is an Ivy League Diploma Worth It?（上常春藤名校，值吗？）（The Wall Street Journal, November 8,2011）读报知识 Ivy League & Seven Sisters CollegesLesson FiveText Debt Burden Alters Outlook for US Graduates（求学负债：美国毕业生前景堪忧）（The Financial Times, June 1,2012）学习方法读懂标题（I）Lesson SixText The Evolution Wars（进化论与上帝造人说之争）（Time, August 15, 2005）读报知识宗教Unit Three United States （Ⅱ）（4学时）Lesson SevenText Obama Wins a Second Term as U.S. President（奥巴马连任总统：任重道远）（The Washington Post, November 7,2012）读报知识美国总统选举Lesson EightText The Economy Sucks. But Is It' 92 Redux?（经济不振，难道08年大选是92年的翻版吗？）（Newsweek, January 21, 2008）语言解说 Stupid和Technical（ly）Lesson NineText Five myths about the American dream（对美国梦的种种困感）（The Washington Post, Jan 6,2012）新闻写作导语（Lead）Lesson TenText Is America-s new declinism for real?（美国是真的衰落了吗？）（Financial Times, November 24, 2008）语言解说 EstablishmentUnit Four United States（Ⅲ）（4学时）Unit Five Britain （4学时）Unit Six The World （4学时）Unit Seven Society （4学时）Unit Eight Business and Science （2学时）Unit Nine Sports and Entertainment（2学时）五、教材及主要参考书目郭影平《最新报刊英语阅读》东南大学出版社 2010马建国《英文报刊导读》，外语教学与研究出版社，2002周学艺《英美报刊文章选读（精选本）》，北京大学出版社1997周学艺《英美报刊文章选读（精选本）学习辅导》，北京大学出版社1997端木义万，《英美报刊阅读教程》南京大学出版社，1997。
21世纪大学实用英语Unit8Book4
21世纪大学实用英语Unit8Book4第八单元教案ArrayUint8Go Traveling1. Listening Comprehension2. Background InformationAmazonEcuadorAndesOrionHollywoodManhattan3. Warm-up QuestionsGlobal Reading1. Part Division of the Text2. Further UnderstandingFor Part 1 Blank-fillingFor Part 2 Table CompletionRole PlayFor Part 3 Blank-fillingQuestions and Answers3. Text Analysis4. Group WorkDetailed ReadingAfter Reading1. Useful Expressions2. Brainstorming3. Spot Dictation4. Sentence Translation5. Writing Practice6. Talk about the Pictures7. Role Play8. Proverbs and Quotations Supplementary Reading1. Culture Notes2. Reading3. Comprehension Task1. Listening Comprehension1. Where is the author living?(=the Niagara region)2. What was he/she surprised to learn when he/she went to university in T oronto?(=Niagara is one of the top crop producers in not only Ontario, but also Canada. And many of the people I met who were from Toronto had never seen a farm before, or enjoyed the small pleasures of picking their own fruit or going for hikes in scenic areas.)3. How did he/she feel when he/she decided to stop by and take a look at the fallsthrough the eyes of a tourist?(=awed, mystified, a sense of wonder)4. Have you ever had the same kind of experience as the author did?(This is an open-ended question.)We live busy lives with so little time to enjoy the world around us that oftentimes we almost forget it is there.Living in the Niagara region, an area that has so much to offer both scenically and historically, we forget about the diversity of nature and the fact that not everyone lives as we do.Going to university in Toronto this year, I was surprised tolearn that Niagara is one of the top crop producers in not only Ontario, but also Canada. I was even more surprised that many of the people I met who were from T oronto had never seen a farm before, or enjoyed the small pleasures of picking their own fruit or going for hikes in scenic areas. I realized that I was lucky to have experienced both the urban and rural life.Intrigued by the question of how I felt about living so close to Niagara Falls, I decided to stop by after work one night and really look at them. I felt as though I was really seeing the falls for the first time, and they truly were everything that the tourists had promised. Staring into the never-ending cascades of water, I was mystified by it all.Here I was, standing at the top of such a glorious sight that I had seen so many times before, but for the first time in my life, I was truly seeing it the way that it was meant to be seen; through the eyes of a tourist.2. Background InformationAmazon (river)(Questions:1. What do you know about Amazon?2. According to the two pictures, describe the geographic location of Amazon. )(文字材料)Amazon river in northern South America, largely in Brazil, ranked as the largest in the world in terms of watershed area, number of tributaries, and volume of water discharged.Measuring 6,400 km (4,000 mi) from source to mouth, it is second in length only to the Nile among the rivers of the world. With its hundreds of tributaries, the Amazon drains a territory of more than 6 million sq km (2.3 million sq mi), roughly half ofwhich is in Brazil; the rest is in Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Venezuela. It is estimated that the Amazon discharges between 34 million and 121 million liters (9 million and 32 million gallons) of water per second and deposits a daily average of 3 million tons of sediment near its mouth. The annual outflow from the river accounts for one-fifth of all the fresh water that drains into the oceans of the world. The outpouring of water and sediment is so vast that the salt content and color of the Atlantic Ocean are altered for a distance of about 320 km (about 200 mi) from the mouth of the river.EcuadorEcuador republic in northwestern South America, bounded by Colombia on the north, by Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean on the west. The country also includes the Galápagos Islands (Colón Archipelago) in the Pacific, about 965 km (about 600 mi) west of the mainland. Ecuador straddles the equator (Ecuador is the Spanish word for “equator”) and has an area of 272,045 sq km (105,037 sq mi). Quito is the country’s capital.Ecuador has a diverse population composed of people of European, Native American, and African descent. The majority are mestizos, individuals of mixed European and Native American ancestry. Most of the Native Americans live in poverty in the highlands region, where a small elite of European descent controls most of the land and wealth.Ecuador was a Spanish colony until 1822, when independence forces won a decisive victory over Spain. Ecuador has had a democratically elected government since 1979, but historically the government has alternated between civilian rule and military dictatorship. Most political conflicts involvedsquabbles among groups within the upper classes who controlled the nation’s wealth.Andes(Questions:According to the picture, describe the geographic situation of Andes. )(文字材料)The Andes are the principal mountains of South America and one of the greatest mountain systems of the world. The Andes include some of the world’s highest peaks. More than 50 of them soar higher than 6,100 m (20,000 ft) above sea level. Only the Himalayas of south central Asia are higher. The lofty plateaus and high mountain valleys of the Andes contain some of the highest permanent human settlements in the world. The Andes are the longest system of high mountain ranges on earth. They extend for more than 8000 km (5000 mi) in a narrow belt along the western edge of the South American continent, from the coast of the Caribbean Sea in the north to the island of Tierra del Fuego in the extreme south. Along almost its entire length, the Andes rise abruptly from the Pacific coast. The mountains reach into seven countries: Venezuela, Colombia,Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina.OrionOrion (astronomy), constellation located on the celestial equator east of Taurus. It is an oblong configuration with three stars in line near its center. It is represented on pictorial charts as the figure of Orion, the hunter in Greek mythology, standing with uplifted club. Three bright stars represent his belt and three fainter stars aligned south of the belt represent his sword. A lpha (α) Orionis, or Betelgeuse, is located in the left corner of theoblong, corresponding to Orion's shoulder. Beta (β) Orionis, or Rigel, is diagonally opposite Betelgeuse. A nebula surrounding the three stars marking Orion's sword is one of the most conspicuous bright nebulas in the heavens.HollywoodDictationListen to the passage and fill in the blanks with the missing words.Hollywood (California), unincorporated district in the northwestern part of the city of Los Angeles, southwestern California, famed as a center of the motion picture industry in the United States. It is also a major center of the U.S. television industry. The main thoroughfares, Sunset and Hollywood boulevards and Vine St., contain well-known restaurants, nightclubs, and broadcasting studios. The Hollywood Bowl, a natural amphitheater in the Hollywood Hills, is the site of numerous cultural events. The community was laid out in the late 1880s, after a real estate developer named Harvey Wilcox registered his 120-acre citrus ranch as Hollywood on February 1st, 1887, and started selling subdivisions of the property. Incorporated in 1903, it merged with Los Angeles in 1910. The first movie studio was established here in about 1911.ManhattanManhattan (New York), borough of New York City, coextensive with New York County, southeastern New York, at the head of Upper New York Bay. The main economic hub of New York City, Manhattan is one of the world’s leading co mmerci al, financial, cultural, manufacturing, medical, and tourist centers. Manhattan Island, which makes up almost all of the borough, is bounded on the north and northeast by Spuyten Duyvil Creekand the Harlem River, which separate it from the borough of the Bronx; on the east by the East River, which separates it from the boroughs of Queens and Brooklyn; on the south by Upper New York Bay; and on the west by the Hudson River, which separates it from New Jersey. The borough, about 80 sq km (about 31 sq mi) in area, also encompasses a small exclave (Marble Hill) on the Bronx mainland; several islands in the East River, including Franklin D. Roosevelt Island (the site of a large modern housing complex), Randalls Island, and Wards Island; and Governors Island in U pper New York Bay.3. Warm-up Questions1. What are some distinctive features of an out-of-the-way, inaccessible place suchas a jungle, desert, or remote mountainous area?2. Why would such a place appeal to many people today?3. What are the characteristics of those people who are attracted to such places?4. What do you think San Mao’s travel through the Sahara Desert?5. Have you ever been to such a place? If yes, say something about your travel.6. If you have both time and money, what places would you like to visit most? Why? Global Reading1. Part Division of the Text2. Further UnderstandingFor Part 1 Blank-filling1. What happens in this part.When: in the middle of the night; It was February, the middle of summer.Where: the Napo River in the Ecuadorian jungle; on the headwaters of the Amazon Who: three North Americans, four EcuadoriansWhat: Like any out-of-the-way place, the Napo River in the Ecuadorian jungle seems real enough when you are there, even central.Why: Out of the way of what?2. Find out the sensory impressions in this part.Hearing:1. A nightjar in deep-leaved shadow called three long notes, and hushed.2. In the thatch house across the clearing behind us came the sound of arecorder, playing a tune that twined over the village clearing, muted ourtalk on the bank side, and wandered over the river, dissolving downstream.Feeling: This will do, I thought. This will do, for a weekend, or a season, or a home.Smelling: Each breath of night smelled sweet.Tasting: cool drinksSeeing: idly watching a hand-sized tarantula seize mothsFor Part 21. Table CompletionHere the author handles the changes in time and place in a smooth way. Fill in the2. Role PlayFour students form a group: one plays as the author, one as the freelance writer from Manhattan and the other two asEcuadorians. Each talks about his or her life.Pay attention to the sharp contrast of the two different kinds of life.For Part 31. Blank-fillingFind out the sensory impressions in Part III.Hearing: …the u nseen birds of twilight wistful, catching the heart.Feeling: What is there is interesting.Smelling: sweet airTasting: …eat chicken …, together with rice, onions and heaps of fruit.Seeing: Parrots in flocks dart in and out of the light.2. Questions and Answers1. What is the point of going to the Napo River in Ecuador according to the author?(It is simply to see what is there. We are here on the planet only once, and mightas well get a feel for the place.)2. What did they find along the Napo River?(parrots in flocks, anacondas, gray strips of sandbar, palm-thatch shelters)3. Can you imagine the Indian’s life and why did they get up at three?(They were getting warm.)4. What did the tourist group see inside the jungle?(the trees, butterflies, a swath of ants)5. What animals did they see while canoeing on one of the lakes?(herons, kingfishers, cuckoos, great turkey like birds, hawks,turtle)6. What did they eat that night in the village? And what did they see there?(They ate chicken, together with rice, onions and heaps of fruit.They saw the sunset, two nuns and children.)7. What message does the author want to convey to the reader by her descriptionof what was going on in the evening in that village?(It is not out of the way. It is in the way.)3. Text Analysis“Out of the way of what?” asks the writer at the beginning of the text while talking about the Napo River. However, she finally comes to the conclusion that “it is not out of the way”. All through the text there is overall coherence. There is an echo—“It would be worth it”, “The Napo River: it is not out of the way. It is in the way”.SkimmingMake a list of at least eight things that the author finds so attractive about life in the jungle.1)________________________________________________2)________________________________________________3)_________________________________________________4)_________________________________________________5)________________________________________________6)________________________________________________7)________________________________________________8)________________________________________________4. Group WorkStudents move around the classroom, find a partner, reciteor read aloud to each other their favorite sentences from the text, explain why, then move on to find another partner. By thus doing you can appreciate the aesthetic side of English.Detailed Reading1.Difficult SentencesOut of the way of what? … Out of the way of human life, tenderness, or the glance of heaven?What role does the sentence play?(=In the first paragraph the author asks a question to arouse the readers’ interest and point out the main idea of the whole essay. This is a good way to begin and to develop an essay.) Beneath us the brown Napo River was rising, in all silence; it coiled up the sandy bank and tangled its foam in vines that trailed from the forest and roots that looped the shore.Translate the sentence and enjoy the aesthetic side of English.(=在我们下方，褐黄色的纳波河水正在涨潮。
报刊选读课后答案
电大英语报刊选读课程导学一、课程总的概况课程领域概括这是英语教学中的一门不能或缺的课程。
通过学习本课程，使学生掌握常见报刊词汇，报刊文章标题的翻译，学会看懂较简单的英语报刊文章。
通过阅读英语报刊了解国际时事，了解各国的政治，历史、文化、教育、人民和国家概况等与英语学习有关的背景知识。
以利学生进一步巩固和提高英语学习，培养学生英语阅读的能力。
目标引导本课程的教学目的是通过学生自主学习及教师的导学和助学（包括面授辅导），使学生掌握常见报刊词汇，报刊文章标题的翻译，学会看懂较简单的英语报刊文章。
通过阅读英语报刊了解国际时事，了解各国的政治，历史、文化、教育、人民和国家概况等与英语学习有关的背景知识。
进一步巩固和提高学生英语阅读理解和简单翻译的能力。
二、使用学习资源1．根据主教材学习1．本课程采用的文字主教材为《美英报刊文章阅读》（精选本第二版），及上海电视大学外语系编辑的报刊活页。
本课程教学安排为一学期。
课内学时为72，共4学分，（每周4学时）。
《美英报刊文章阅读》共30课，选其中10为必学内容，其余内容供学生自学，10课必学内容为Lessons1,3,4,8,10,13,14,19,24,26。
以上10课用10周学完。
每周一课。
2．本教材课文并非按语言难易循序渐进，而是按内容编写，学生自学时有一定难度。
学生学习时重点是根据教师的导学，掌握一定的英语报刊常见词汇，基本会看懂报刊文章的大意；通过翻译报刊标题了解报刊大致内容；通过阅读英语报刊文章了解国际时事、各国的历史、文化、风俗、习惯，掌握相关的信息。
因此阅读和理解是重点。
教师助学时应着重帮助学生掌握重点，分析讲解难点，而语法分析、语言点的掌握不作要求。
建议学生在课后以练习为线索，多看看英语报刊文章。
考前复习也是以练习，常见词汇和推荐的英语报刊文章为主。
3．本课程实际是泛读快速阅读训练的混合型课程。
泛读是一门进行大量阅读实践的课程，应该突出"泛"的特点。
英美报刊选读答案(L10-21)
Answer key for Lesson 10V.CABDCVI.1.Richard Atkinson investigated the problems by personally reading the manuals and sampletests to review and assess the verbal and mathematical questions. Besides, he visited schools to find students’ responses to SAT exams.2.After the investigation, he proposed that SAT I should be scrapped. His proposal has caused ahuge stir on campuses nationwide and rekindled long-standing arguments about the test.3.The College Board argues that SAT measures the sort of higher-order math andliterary-reasoning skills that students need to succeed in college and later in life and that the test correlates well with freshman-year college grades.4.They have adopted college admission systems based in part on class is automatically admittedto state universities.5.Their worry is that it is only a matter of time before there is pressure to scrap subject-areatests and getting rid of the SAT is the first step in a wretched direction.6.SAT I refers to the tests on higher-order math and literary-reasoning skills. Many critics thinkthe questions are confusing and verbal analogies too obscure. SAT II refers to the subject-specific achievement tests which measure knowledge in such areas as writing, math, physics, history and foreign language.7.The test debate will not die down anytime soon.Answer key for Lesson 11V.B C B A DVI.1.The insurance company has refused Lorraine Hiskey’s medical bill, because the companyclaimed that her treatment was “experimental”.2.Politicians have focused attention on the 35 million Americans who have no health coverage.3.The kind of medical care deemed experimental, unproven, unnecessery or to inappropriate isdenied coverage。
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②行政权
总统：选民间接选举，对 选民负责，不对国会负责 ，国会不能罢免总统，总 统可任免重要行政官员.
回顾:美国总统的权力
1 作为行政首长的职权:任命权,指导决定权,整顿组织权 2 作为总司令的职权:陆.海.空军事管理权 3 作为国家元首:谈判权,承认权.行政协定权.
4 在立法方面的职权:咨文与建议权,行政命令权,委任 立法权,任命法官权
Empire State Building
帝国大厦
Supreme Court
Lincoln Memorial
Statue of Liberty
三权分立（separation of the three constitutional powers/triumvirate)
troika三头政治 • 1.行政部门the executive branch three-headed monster三头怪物
U.S Judiciary
• P292
二、三种权力的相互制衡
（1）对立法权（国会）的制衡 总统 法院
否定国会立法、可以发布 具有法律效力的行政命令， 立法倡议权
违宪审查
（2）、对行政权（总统）的制衡 • 国会 最高法院
违宪审查 财政控制权、监督权、弹劾权
（3）、对司法权的制衡
• 总统 国会
任命法官
• Floor Leaders • P269
美国国会的权力：
1、立法权。国会是最高的立法机构。 2、财政控制权。 3、监督权。美国宪法并未明确规定国会拥有监督权，但 实际上国会一直在对政府的工作进行监督。 4、人事权。宪法规定，总统任命大使、公使、领事、 最高法院法官及政府其他官员须与参议院协商，并 获出席议员三分之二赞成。 5、国会自治权。 6、弹劾权。宪法赋予参众两院弹劾权。它有权对不称职 的或犯重罪的总统、副总统、高级行政长官及联邦法 院法官进行弹劾。
共和党
Two-Party System
• • • • 两大政党控制着 1.联邦政府(the Federal government), 2.几乎所有的州政府(the state government) 3.地方政府(the local government)
Two-Party System
• 两党最重要的工作,就是： • 1.每四年召开一次全国代表大会(National Congress), • 2. 提名各自的总统和副总统候选人(a candidate for President or Vice-President), • 3.通过竞选纲领(election programme)。
• Exit Poll出口民调： • 大多数民调与最终选举结果吻合。出口民调以其时效和准 确度获得各大媒体青睐。民调机构派出的访问员将出现在 全美1300多个投票站前，调查取样选民将超过10万人。 为避免偏见，访问员根据投票站人数多少，选择从每5个 选民或每10个选民中挑选一人询问。访问员将纪录下他们 的年龄、种族、性别和其他特征。 • 它的“投票后民调”不是依据单个的调查机构或者数据分 析，而是综合了美国主要电视新闻网，包括美国广播公司 （ABC）、哥伦比亚广播公司（CBS）、美国全国广播公 司（NBC）、美国有线新闻网（CNN）和福克斯新闻网 （FOX）以及美联社的综合消息
总统选举/大选presidential election
• Qualification for a presidential candidate • 1. natural born citizen of the U.S.美国出生的公民 • 2. at least 35 years of age • 3. a resident of the U.S. for at least 14 years Time for the election--- on Tuesday of the first week in November every four years The president elect(当选总统）will be sworn in at noon of January, 20 of the next year.
两大政党均没有固定的政治纲领(political programme), 只有适应竞选需要的竞选纲领。
Two-Party System
• 我如何报名加入一个政党,成为一名正式党 员": • 在你的选民登记表(the registration form of voters)上勾一个政党即表示你加入了那个 政党。
Two-Party System
（一）政坛上的“驴象之争”
美国两党制：
驴象之争
民主党
（吃苦耐劳）
共和党
（稳重保守）
（一）政坛上的“驴象之争” “象”，“老大党” Republic Party
“驴” Democratic Party
USA民主 党和共和 党
民主党于1791年建 党，当时由部分种 植园主、农民和某 些与南方奴隶主有 联系的资本家组成。 共和党成立于1854 年，当时主要是由 反对扩大奴隶制的 北方工商资本家组 成。
选举人团制度
• 总统候选人获得全国５０个州和首都华盛顿共 ５３８张选举人票一半以上（至少２７０张） 即可当选。 • 奥巴马--首位非洲裔总统 • 奥巴马３３８张选举人票，远超当选所需２７ ０张,麦凯恩仅获１６３张。
• 第５５届美国总统 • ** 美国总选举人票共538张，候选人得票超 过270张票即获选。 • 布什夺得286张选举人票 • 克里夺得252张选举人票
2008 Presidential elections
338张选举人票
• swing state“摇摆州”: a state in which no candidate has overwhelming support， 即竞选双方势均力敌，都无明显优势的 州, 也叫battleground state或者 purple state • non-swing state，“非摇摆州”，指的当 然就 是竞选一方获得绝对支持的州，也 叫做 safe state
总统名 小布什 克林顿 老布什 里根 卡特 福特 尼克逊 约翰逊 肯尼迪 艾森豪威尔 杜鲁门 罗斯福 胡佛 柯立芝 哈定 威尔逊 塔夫脱
党派 共和党 民主党 共和党 共和党 民主党 共和党 共和党 民主党 民主党 共和党 民主党 民主党 共和党 共和党 共和党 民主党 共和党
1901-1909
罗斯福
弹劾权、人事权
三、如何理解三权分立的利弊
1、积极意义：
即反对封建专制，维护民主制并调节资产阶级内部利益。
2、阶级局限性和消极作用
（1）阶级局限性：
由于广大劳动人民在国家政权上不居于支 配地位，也就不可能对权力的运用施加重 要影响。因此，三权分立本质上是一种资 产阶级民主制。三权的分立制衡并不保证 人民意志的体现和表达，不能实现人民的 统治。
Two-Party System
• 共和党:大企业党(Grand Old Party), 吸引着 大企业家、农场主、商人、企业主管人员 等等,素有之称。约70%的白人投共和党人 的票 • 民主党:标榜自己是中下层人民代表, 通常对 以下几种人有特别的吸引力: 蓝领工人、黑 人、少数民族以及低收入者等等。近90% 的黑人投民主党人的票
Two-Party System
• 没有一个利益集团是永久地支持一个政党 的,而且选民们对政党的选择也是在不断变 化的
Two-Party System
• 共和党人: "象"象征高大、坚强和智慧(lofty, strong and wisdom); “驴”代表着愚蠢、顽 固和荒唐(foolish, stubborn and absurd) • 民主党人:它象征谦虚、聪明和倔强(modest, clever and surly) , "象"代表着愚笨、虚伪和 保守(stupid, hypocritical and conservative),
③司法权
美国联邦法院系统：一般法院
和专门法院，法官由总统征得参议院同 意后任命，非经国会弹劾不得免职. 终审权、司法审查权。
U.S Judiciary
• 1 Federal Supreme Court • 12 Federal Courts of Appeals • 90 District Courts • Some Special Courts • 1 chief justice 9 old men • Supreme Court • 8 Associate Justice
总统选举人 presidential electors
• 1. 各政党在各州推出一组“选举人候选人” • 2. 各州选举人的数目与各州的议会议员 人数相等， 但参众两院的议员和联邦政府成员不能成为选举 人。(Electoral College选举团) • 3. 民众投票时，拥护哪个政党的总统候选人，就 选哪组的选举人。选票上标明总统候选人的名字。 • 4.获胜的选举人代表该州投票选总统，胜者全得 的制度（winner-take-all) • 5.在538张选举人票中，要当选总统必须赢得270 张以上的选举人票。
(president+ cabinet) • 2.立法部门the legislative branch(congress) • 3. 司法部门 the judicial branch (supreme court、9 old men “9个老朽”)
识图ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้美国联邦政府结构示意图
（３）美国的三权分立内容
①立法权
国会
参议院（代表州） 众议院（代表选民)
直选、独立、对选民负责，不受行政机 关干预和影响，总统无权解散，也不能 决定议员工资待遇。
美国历史把它称为“伟大的妥协”。
Congress
• Bicameral Congress两院制国会：组成，人数， 主持人 • House of Representatives众议院 • Senate 参议院 • 众议院：按人口多寡，共同438人 538人 • 参议院：每州2人，共 100 人 • 众议院：the speaker of the House, the House Speaker, the Speaker • 参议院：the President/Chairman of the Senate, the President Pro Tempore of the Senate