同济大学英语报刊选读复习资料(题型+重点+缩略词+网络版重点)
同济大学英语报刊选读复习资料(题型+重点+缩略词+网络版重点)
期末考试题型：1.Re-organizing sentences for a news report (10%)2.Matching headlines to lead paragraphs (10%)3.True or False questions about English journalism (cf. Appendix I below) (10%)4.Reading Comprehension (3 passages with 15 multiple-choice questions) (30%)5.Abbreviations in News reports (complete forms +Chinese translation) (10%)6.News Headline Analysis (10%) （Analyzing the stylistic features of 3 news headlines）7.News comment writing (20%) (about 200 words)1.Definition of journalism, medium, news报刊（p1）、媒介（p2）、新闻（p4）的定义2.Functions of mass communication vs functions of newspaper大众传播工具（p2）与报纸（p1）的功能3.News value; public interest; principles of newsworthiness新闻价值；公众兴趣；衡量新闻价值的原则（p4）4.Classification of news新闻的分类（p6）5.Five basic elements of news新闻的五个基本要素（p6）6.Legal concerns; codes of ethics法律关系；道德规范（p7）(General knowledge is enough. No need for word by word memorization.)（一般知识就够了。
年秋季学期英语报刊选读课程期末复习指导.doc
2013年秋季学期英语报刊选读课程期末复习指导英语报刊选读课程是英语专业专、本科选修课程，帮助学生了解和扩人有关英语国家的社会与文化的背景知识，如历史、地理、政治、经济、社会牛活和文化传统等方而的概况, 了解英语报刊的特点，掌握常见的新闻用语。
同时，通过新闻用语和英美报刊文章的学习以及相关的配套练习，使学生扩大词汇量、增强阅读英语报刊文章的能力，从而达到捉高英语总体水平的目的。
为指导湖南广播电视大学英语报刊选读课程的考试命题和组织工作，以及帮助学生行之有效地复习好这门功课，提高教学质量，特制订期末复习指导如下。
一、复习范围和重点1. 复习范围本课程的复习范围为教材《美英报刊文章阅读（精选本）》,北京大学出版社，2010 年8月第四版的第1 •第30课。
2. 复习重点本课程的复习重点为教材《美英报刊文章阅读（精选本）》的第1 ■第15课，约占期末终结考试的60%以上。
15个重点课的内容如下：Less on 01 An American in Beiji ngLess on 02 Home at LastLesson 03 China Find Western Ways Bring New WoesLesson 04 Exploding Tourism Eroding China's RichesLess on 05 The Evolutio n WarsLess on 06 Elite U.S. Schools Turn the Fight for Supremacy into Online GameLesson 07 Is Harvard Worth IT?Lesson 08 The Economy Sucks. But Is It ‘92 Redux?Less on 09 Obama Makes HistoryLess on 10 The New Dream Isn't America nLess on 11 Is America's New Decli nism for Real?Lesson 12 Path of the StormLess on 13 Terrorized by “War on Terror5*Lesson 14 Iraq: Who Won the War?Less on 15 Libby Defense Portrays Client as a Scapegoat二、考核说明1.考核对象湖南广播电视大学(开放教冇)英语专业专、木科的学生。
2英语报刊选题目解读11.7
24
5. Compound words
checkbook participation
6
1. Short Words (for Long Words)
assist
aid
agreement pact
purpose
aim endeavor
try
capture
nab terminate
end
investigate prohibit/forbid
probe strong criticism
info (information) porn(pornography)
asst (assistant) dept (department)
execs(executives) chute (parachute) quake (earthquake)
crack (crack cocaine) final (the final race) senior (a senior citizen)
8
2. Clippings
WEEKLY MAG FOR STAMP LOVERS TO BE LAUNCHED
[MAG＝magazine(杂志)]集邮周刊即将发行
corp (corporation)
tec (detective)
teens (teenagers)
script (prescription)
kick off
《英语报刊阅读》课程考核说明及复习资料
《英语报刊阅读》课程考核说明及复习资料《英语报刊阅读》课程考核说明及复习资料英语报刊阅读?是本科开放教育英语专业的选修课程之一。
本课程的目的是使学生增强对英语报刊的阅读理解能力，扩大视野，使他们通过学习既能学到新闻语言，又能掌握阅读这些报刊必须具备的有关知识和主要与政治、军事、外交、经济、法律、宗教、文教和科技等有关的词语。
课程的重点是培养学生的阅读理解能力。
考核方式包括形成性考核和课程终结考试。
课程终结考试以考查学生阅读和理解英语报刊的技能，适当包括课程中介绍的读报知识。
一、考核对象中央广播电视大学本科开放教育英语专业学生。
二、考核方式本课程的考核采取两种形式：形成性考核和终结考试分别以百分制记分。
课程总成绩为百分制，形成性考核占20%，课程终结考试占80%。
1．形成性考核：包括平时作业、参与面授辅导和各项教学活动的情况，以及学生对学习过程的自我监控情况。
2．课程终结考试：以笔试形式进行。
笔试主要包括阅读和翻译，满分为100分。
题型主要为报刊词汇翻译，选择题，正误判断题，问题回答，句子或段落翻译等。
三、命题依据本课程终结考试的命题依据是中央广播电视大学本科开放教育英语专业教学计划、课程教学大纲以及有周学艺主编、北京大学出版社的《美英报刊文章选读》（精选本）。
四、评价目标本考试重点考查学生对英语报刊的阅读理解能力和对时事政治新闻词语的掌握，并适当考查课程中所介绍的读报知识。
五、命题原则课程终结考试的命题根据教材所涵盖的有关中国、美国、英国以及亚洲的新闻内容以及与教材难度相当阅读技能，涉及教材内容不少于60%。
六、考试要求本课程终结考试为半开卷考试，除有关规定允许携带的物品外，考生不得携带其他任何形式的参考资料和电子读物或工具。
七、题型与复习资料（见附件）附件1《英语报刊选读》期末考试题型一、将下列报刊杂志名译成中文或英文。
二、将下列词组译为中文。
三、选择正确的项目替换划线部分的内容。
(词汇替换)四、阅读理解。
英语报刊选读复习要点
课程：英语报刊选读复习要点（最新版）熟悉下列英语报刊高频率词汇的含义In Mediaback issue, bulletin, canned copy, censorship, checkbook journalism, cold news, development stories, dope story, exclusive, breaking news, catchpenny, brief, broad sheet paper, caption, cover story, editor’s not es (Eds) ,flash, follow-up story, newscast, publicity, puff pieces, personal profile, round-up/wrap-up, running stories, social event features, spot news, wire service/news agency, update, deep throatIn Politicsriot police, the Bush administration, Saddam regime, rogue state, Axis of evil, Donkey, Elephant, Al-Qaeda, cold war mentality, empty-nest syndrome, Femlib, low profile, news blackout, sexism, upper, dove, hawk, police state, pocket vetoIn Metro Life dust storm/ sand storm, public hazard, fat farm, visual pollution, midriff, bug, edp crimes, domestic violence, occupational disease, makeover nation, Internet hookups, gay marriage, B-schoolIn Military Affairsbeam weapons, blanket bombing, MIA (missing in action), POW, war games, non-proliferation drive, bloodless coup, scud missile, military coup, military presence, stealth bomber, honey trap, weapon of mass destruction, coalition forces, checkbook participation, talkman, stealth fighters, decapitationIn Medicineeuthanasia或mercy killing/painless death, industrial disease, liposuction, vanity surgery, hypertensionIn Business and EconomyEuroland, debt chain, buy-out, equity joint venture, job-hopper, hardball, consumer price index (CPI), kickback, knockout product, scalper, cash cow, ATM (Automatic Teller Machine), Gate’s LawIn Science & Technologycanned software, cutting edge, g-force, info highway, computernik,In Film and TVbox office income/record/value, premiere /debut, trailer, show biz, animation, block-buster, paparazzo , rating , sitcom , soundtrack , extra Proper NounsWhite House, Capitol Hill, Buckingham, Downing Street No.10, Fleet Street, Pentagon, Wall Street, Broadway, Elysee, Kremlin, Hollywood, Silicon ValleyGreen Berets, Blue Berets, Iron Lady, Iron Curtain, First Lady Loanwordspersona non grata, glasnost, per capita, rapport, bloc, tsunami, tycoon, status quo, De factoa wait-and–see attitude, the life-and–death issue, the hit-and-run tactics, ready-to-eat foodThe four social functions of the media: surveillance, interpretation, transmit values, entertainment The Definition of JournalismDefinition of News and ingredients/elements of news News value/the newsworthinessPublic interest, Criteria for Newsworthiness:News value determiners²Timeliness.²Impact or Consequence or Importance²Prominence or Eminence²Proximity or closeness/ nearness²Conflict²The Unusual or the Bizarreness / Weirdness²Currency²NecessityNews ClassificationHard NewsSoft NewsFeaturescommentaries and columnspositive coveragenegative coverageneutral coveragemuckrakingThe headlineThe grammar of headlines:tenses, voices, Omission/Ellipsis, Punctuations, abbreviations各种机构、重要的国际组织名称的缩写常用缩写Important International Organizations, 要积累和熟记, E.g.CIA ( Central Intelligence Agency)FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation),PLO,OPEC, ApecIMF (International Monetary Fund), WHOATM- Automatic Teller Machine CEO-Chief Executive OfficerCFO-Chief financial OfficerCNN-Cable News Networks Copter-helicopterCTO-Chief Technology Officer CTV-Cable TVD-dayDJ-disc jockeyDJ-Dow Jones & Co.GE-General ElectricsGM-General MotorsGMS-Global Positioning SystemHKSAR-Hong Kong Special Administrative Region ICP-Internet Content ProviderIOUMart-marketMP- Member of ParliamentPM- Prime MinisterNMD-the National Missile Defense systemNYSE-New York Stock ExchangeOpec-Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries PNTR-Permanent Normal Trade RelationsPOW-prisoner of warSIM-Subscribers’ Identification ModuleV-day- Victory DayVP-Vice PresidentLead and body of a news storyA direct lead A delayed leadInverted pyramid阅读材料中的内容(Selected Readings from Mainstream Newspapers & Magazines) 包括重点词汇：International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)denuclearizationthe terrorism blacklistIOC( the International Olympic Committee)human rights abusesAI (Amnesty International)BOCAG (Beijing Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games ) International Paralympics Committee (IPC)The Federal Reservehigh net worth individualsthe Guinness World Recordthe National Intelligence Councilthe National Counterintelligence ExecutiveIPCC (the United Nation’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) EU (the European Union)Met Office (the Meteorological Office)the Royal Geographical SocietyGreenpeacethe World Health OrganisationNGO (non-governmental organizations)civil societyGongoshardline policyNASCAR (National Association of Stock Car Auto Racing)Unifem (United Nations Development Fund for Women)GOPWFP (the UN World Food Program)Article 43 (page 85) Paragraphs 1 & 2cyber-censorshipAttribution：消息来源official sourcesa US State Department sourcewell-informed sourcepolice sourcesthe highest quartersthe quarters concerneddiplomatic quartersmilitary expertsdiplomatic observeran unidentified sourcea source who wants to remain anonymous a source speaking on condition of anonymity。
英美报刊选读复习资料
英美报刊选读复习资料英美报刊选读复习资料近年来，随着全球化的发展，我们对英美文化和社会的了解变得越来越重要。
而英美报刊则是我们了解这些国家最直接的途径之一。
本文将为大家提供一些英美报刊选读的复习资料，帮助大家更好地了解英美社会、文化和时事。
一、经济与商业1.《经济学人》（The Economist）：该杂志是一本知名的英国周刊，以其深度的经济分析和评论而闻名。
它涵盖了全球范围内的经济、商业、科技和政治等领域的新闻，对于了解全球经济形势和趋势非常有帮助。
2.《财富》（Fortune）：这是一本美国的商业杂志，主要关注商业领域的最新动态、企业管理和市场趋势。
它还定期发布世界500强企业排行榜，是了解全球商业领域的重要参考资料。
二、文化与艺术1.《时尚》（Vogue）：这是一本享誉全球的时尚杂志，源自美国，涵盖了时尚、美容、艺术和文化等领域的内容。
它不仅展示了最新的时尚趋势和设计师作品，还深入报道了一些有关时尚产业和文化的重要事件。
2.《纽约客》（The New Yorker）：这是一本美国的综合性周刊，涵盖了文学、艺术、政治和社会等方面的内容。
它以其深度的报道和评论而著名，为读者提供了一个了解美国文化和社会的窗口。
三、科技与创新1.《连线》（Wired）：这是一本美国科技杂志，关注科技、创新和数字文化等领域的最新动态。
它报道了一些前沿科技的发展和应用，对于了解科技趋势和创新思维非常有帮助。
2.《科学美国人》（Scientific American）：这是一本美国科学杂志，致力于向读者普及科学知识和最新的科学研究成果。
它涵盖了各个科学领域，从物理学到生物学，从天文学到心理学，为读者提供了一个了解科学前沿的平台。
四、社会与时事1.《纽约时报》（The New York Times）：这是一家美国的全国性报纸，以其深度报道和评论而闻名。
它涵盖了政治、经济、社会和文化等方面的新闻，对于了解美国社会和时事非常重要。
报刊选读期末考试.doc
商务英语报刊选读期末考试内容一、单词l.Invigorate vt.鼓舞；使精力充沛2.Gauntadj.憔悴的；荒凉的；枯瘦的3.Sporadically adv.菩星地；偶发地4.1rascible adj.易怒的5.Vivacious adj•活泼的；快活的；有生气的法货币19.1ntegrate vt使..完整，使..成为整体2O.Perceive vt.察觉，感觉；理解；认知vi.感到6.Ambivalence n.矛盾情绪7.Shrink vi.收缩；vt.使缩小；使收缩8.Revenue n.收入；税收；收益9.Evolvevt.发展；进化；推断出10.Hybrid n.杂种；混血儿；混合物11.Premium n.保险费额外费用；奖金12.Subsidize vt•资助結予奖助金；向...行贿13.Fraudulent adj•欺骗性的；不正的14.Encrypt vt•加密15.Replicate vt.复制；折叠n.复制品16.Demographic adj•人口统计学的；人口学的23.Permanent adj.永久的，永恒的；不变的24.Undeniably abv.不可否认的，确凿无疑的25.Encroach vi.侵占;蚕食；侵蚀26.Predominant adj.主要的；卓越的支配的；有力的27.1nfringe vt.侵犯；违反；破坏vi侵犯，侵害28.Penetratingadj•渗透的；尖锐的；29.Doctrine n.主义；学说;教义30.Ambiguity n.含糊：不明确；暧昧31.Jurisdiction n.司法权，审判权，管18.Sovereignty n.主权；主权家；君32.Debilitate vt.使衰弱；使虚弱33.Concoct vt.捏造；混合而制；调和34丄ogistics n.后勤学35.1nterweave n.互相编织36.Momentum n•势头；动力：冲力37.Restructure n.调整；重建；更改结构38.Nuisancen•讨厌的人；【法律】妨害行为，骚扰行为39.Triple n•增至三倍40.Consecutive adj.连贯的，连续不断的Morale n.士气；精神面貌；民心Attrition n.摩擦；磨损；消耗Forgo vt.放弃；停止21.Overhaul vt.分解检查，大修；追上并超过22.Bias n.偏爱；偏见41.Exert vt.运用，发挥，；施以影响42.Ore n.矿石，矿43.Scrutiny n.详细审查；监视；细看44.Ratio n.比率；比例45.Lodgevt.提出；寄存；借助；嵌入二、词组l.Venture capitalist 风险资本家9.Junk bond 垃圾证券2.Unemployment rate 失业率lO.Feature story 新闻特写3.Real estate 不动产ILMarketing mix 营销组合4.Stock market 证券交易所12.Product packaging 产品包装SeEquity market 股栗市场13.Listed company 上市公司6.Bad loan 坏账14.Access to market 市场准入7.Delinquency rate 拖欠率attract foreign investment 吸引外资8.Central bank 中央银行Economic sovereignty 经济主权Economic entities 经济实体Start-up companies 新成立的公司Regional economics 区域经济学Market share 市场份额An acquisition spree 大举收购Market competition 市场竞争Tax revenue 税收收入Joint venture 合资企业Technology executives 技术主管At stake 岌岌可危Patent application 专利申请State-owned companies 国有企业三、选词填空I.When we embark on any task，it is important that we start well.2>Undervalued share price can lead to dealership competition and hostile takeover.3Xarge volume of data were gathered because of the research.4eThe Board agreed to Johnson’s retirement on grounds(?/illness healths5.1t has given me consolation and delight to see such a vivacious younger generation.6.What’s more，any laboratory equip to make vaccines can easily churn out deadly biological material.7eHe would disappear for months at a time ,occasionally showing up gaunt and ragged.8.Their goals was to invigorate their economics and international standing by attracting brains ,taste and talent9Jf the current trends continue，by 2020,the population of Singapore may start to shrink.lO.China is among several countries in the region that subsidize rice prices，an increasingly expensive proposition.II.Learn to highlight your positive attitude*12eBusines$es and need to update security software ^encrypt data and be aware of data flow.13.1f others means fail，they will resort to force.14.The Congress come to an end of their one-month holiday and start afresh working this afternoon，15.You should never try to earn money at the sacrifice of your health*16.Another proposal was to ban the use of primates caught in the wild .17.The census of 2.0 and the CASS study both showed the ratio stable at around 120.18.The draft legislation still requires parliamentary approval.。
英语报刊选读chapter3词汇特点 简洁具体 借用 新词语 生造词 缩略词 时髦词
3. 借商标、品牌、店名代该物。例如：Cadillac——卡迪拉克 起汽车；McDonald’s——麦当劳快餐店；Arby’s——阿比 快餐店； 4. 借所具特色代某国、某机构。例如：the Bear——苏联； Big Apple——纽约市；Dice City——赌城拉斯维加斯市 5. 借典型姓氏代表某国人或某国。例如：Ivan——伊凡，俄 罗斯人；Wang——王，中国人；John Bull——约翰牛， 英国人 6. 借国家领导人代改国政府。例如：Howard——霍华德，澳 大利亚政府；Koizumu——小泉，日本政府；Sharon—— 沙龙，以色列政府。
alcohol
alcoholic
-aholic/-holic/-oholic
beeroholic; colБайду номын сангаасholic; movieholic; shopaholic; TV-aholic/teloholic; workaholic; crediholic
generation gap credibility gap communication gap development gap missile gap
生造词是记者根据英语中一些单词的现有词根、词缀或构词成 分，通过联想或推理类比而仿造的，故有的语言学家称这种临 时生造出来的新词为“仿词”，或“仿它词”(imitation word)。
crisis
economic crisis
beef crisis; currency crisis; health crisis; Kosovo crisis; the Gulf crisis
第三章 词汇特色
第一节 用词简洁具体 第二节 借用人、物名称 第三节 新词语层出不穷 第四节 生造词新颖别致 第五节 缩略词屡见不鲜 第六节 时髦词过目难忘
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期末考试题型：1.Re-organizing sentences for a news report (10%)2.Matching headlines to lead paragraphs (10%)3.True or False questions about English journalism (cf. Appendix I below) (10%)4.Reading Comprehension (3 passages with 15 multiple-choice questions) (30%)5.Abbreviations in News reports (complete forms +Chinese translation) (10%)6.News Headline Analysis (10%) （Analyzing the stylistic features of 3 news headlines）7.News comment writing (20%) (about 200 words)1.Definition of journalism, medium, news报刊（p1）、媒介（p2）、新闻（p4）的定义2.Functions of mass communication vs functions of newspaper大众传播工具（p2）与报纸（p1）的功能3.News value; public interest; principles of newsworthiness新闻价值；公众兴趣；衡量新闻价值的原则（p4）4.Classification of news新闻的分类（p6）5.Five basic elements of news新闻的五个基本要素（p6）6.Legal concerns; codes of ethics法律关系；道德规范（p7）(General knowledge is enough. No need for word by word memorization.)（一般知识就够了。
不需要的逐词记忆。
）7.Tabloid and broadsheet小报和报纸（p21）(the distinctions between tabloid and broadsheet)（区分小报和大报）8.Major newspapers in the UK and US英国和美国的主流报纸（p13-34）9.Major magazines in the UK and US英国和美国的主流杂志（p13-34）同上10.Lexical features in headlines:small words; abbreviations; etc.在标题的词汇特点：小词；缩略语；等。
（p37）11.Grammatical features in headlines: omission of articles, personal pronouns, etc.; present tense for past events, infinitive for future events, etc在标题的语法特点：省略的文章，人称代词等；现在时表示过去的时间，不定式表示未来事件等（p42）12.Rhetorical features used in headlines :alliteration; parody; metaphor; pun; euphemism用于标题的修辞特点：头韵；戏仿；隐喻；双关语；委婉语（p44）13.News leads , direct vs. delayed lead新闻导语，直接与延迟导语（p48）14.News agenciesOrganizations that collect, transmit, and distribute news to newspapers, periodicals, television, radio, and other journalistic and mass communications media are called news agencies.15.Major news agencies in the world在世界各大通讯社Major news agencies in the UK and USUKReuters(路透社)—one of the largest European press agenciesPA—Press AssociatedUSAP(美联社)—the Associated Press—The oldest press association in the United StatesUPI(合众国际社)—United Press International16.General understanding of the inverted pyramid structure of journalistic writing新闻写作的倒金字塔结构的一般认识（p63）17.Types of news features新闻特写的类型（p75）18.Differences between feature and news report特写和新闻报道之间的差异（p76）19.Basic structure of news comment新闻评论的基本结构（p83）Common abbreviations1. ABC：American Broadcasting Company美国广播公司2. BBC：British Broadcasting Corporation英国广播公司3. NBC：National Broadcasting Company （美国）全国广播公司4. CNN：Cable News Network（美国）有线新闻电视网5. CBS：Columbia Broadcasting System 美国哥伦比亚广播公司6. MPAA：Motion Picture Association of America 美国电影协会7. ITN：Independent Television News（英国）独立电视新闻公司8. APEC：Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 亚洲和太平洋经济合作组织9. ASEAN：Association of Southeast Asian Nations 东南亚国家联盟10. NATO：North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北大西洋公约组织11. OPEC：Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries 石油输出国组织12. UNSC：= United Nations Security Council 联合国安全理事会13. WHO：World Health Organization世界卫生组织14. FAO：Food and Agriculture Organization世界粮农组织15. UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization联合国教科文组织16. WIPO：World Intellectual Property Organization（联合国）世界知识产权组织17. IMO：International Maritime Organization国际海事组织18．Interpol/TERPOL: International Criminal Police Organization国际刑警组织19．FBI: Federal Bureau of Investigation美国联邦调查局20. USDHS: United States Department of Homeland Security美国国土安全部21. CIA：Central Intelligence Agency （美国）中央情报局22. NYSE：New York Stock Exchange（美国）纽约证券交易所23. NASDAQ：National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations （美国）全国证券交易商协会自动报价表；纳斯达克24．IMF：International Monetary Fund国际货币基金组织25．NDRC National Development and Reform Commission 国家发改委26. CPC：Communist Party of China27. CPPCC：Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 中国人民政治协商会议28. HKSAR：Hong Kong Special Administrative Region香港特别行政区29. NPC：National People's Congress（中国）全国人民代表大会30. GNP：gross National Product国民生产总值31. GDP：Gross Domestic Product 国内生产总值32. EEC：European Economic Community欧（洲经济）共（同）体33. ASPAC---Asian and Pacific Council 亚（洲）太（平洋）理事会34. EU：European Union 欧洲联盟35. NASA= National Aeronautics and Space Administration（美）国家航空和航天局36.WWF：World Wildlife Fund 世界野生动物基金会37.UNDP：United Nations Development Programme 联合国开发计划署38.UNGA：United Nations General Assembly 联（合国）大（会）#39.ICRC：International Committee of the Red Cross 红十字国际委员会40. UNPKF：United Nations Peace－keeping Force联合国维持和平部队41. ICJ：International Court of Justice 国际法院42.DJI：Dow Jones Index 道·琼斯（股票）平均指数43.FM：foreign minister 外交部长44. MP：Member of Parliament议员45. PM：Prime Minister 首相; 总理46. BBS：Bulletin Board System 电子公告板47. EMS：Emergency Medical Service急救医疗48. IOC：International Olympic Committee 国际奥林匹克委员会49. WHC: World Heritage Committee世界遗产委员会50. CISAR：China international Search and Rescue Team中国国际救援队51. CPI：Consumer Price Index 居民消费价格指数52. NGO：Non-governmental Organization非政府组织53. WTO：World Trade Organization世界贸易组织网络版重点第一章英语新闻学的基本概念：一、今天的传播媒介（the mass media today）：1. Communication: the process of sharing ideas, information, and messages with others ina particular time and place.2. Communication includes writing and talking, as well as nonverbal communication, visual communication, and electronic communication.3. Communication is a vital part of personal life and is also important in business, education, and any other situation where people encounter each other.4. Mass communication media: the means of communication that can reach many people at a time either by printed materials or electronic waves are called mass media. These include newspaper, magazines, books, radio, television, public relation and advertising.5. TV and newspaper are the two major kinds of mass media in the present world.二、新闻学的定义（the definition of journalism）:1. Journalism is the collection and periodical publishing of news. It includes writing for, editing, and managing such media as the newspaper and the periodical. In other words, it means gathering, evaluating, and disseminating facts of current interest.三、新闻及新闻要素（news and elements of news）1. News is information that is published in newspapers and broadcast on radio and television about recent events in the country or world or in a particular area of activity.2. There are usually five basic elements in news: who, what, why, when, and where. An additional element may be “how”.四、新闻价值和公众兴趣（news value and public interest）1.软新闻soft news 硬新闻hard news①Hard news generally refers to up-to-the-minute news and events that are reported immediately.Soft news is background information or human-interest stories, which appeal to people`s curiosity, sympathy, skepticism, or amazement.②Subject matter:Politics, war, economics, and crime used to be considered hard news, which arts entertainment and lifestyles were considered soft news.The tone of presentation:A hard news story takes a factual approach: what happened? Who was involved? Where and when did it happen? Why?A soft news story tries instead to entertain or advise the reader2. News value refers to the importance of the facts and details in the news that can satisfy the public`s interest in news.3. Public interest means the degree of attention the readers pay to the news reports.4.News-worthiness of a report: timeliness, proximity, conflict, eminence or prominence, consequence or impact, human interest……五、新闻来源和新闻社（sources of news and news agencies）1. Organizations that collect, transmit, and distribute news to newspapers, periodicals, television, radio, and other journalistic and mass communications media are called news agencies.六、新闻的法律与道德问题（legal and ethical issues of journalism）1. Areas of particular concern to reporters are libel, newsroom searches, protection of sources, invasion of privacy suits and the free press controversy.2. The code of ethics: responsibility, freedom of the press, accuracy and objectivity.第二章报纸报纸的主要功能To inform , to influence, to entertain, to advertise.◇Newspapers are publications usually issued on a daily or weekly basis, the main function of which is to report the news. Newspapers also provide commentary on the news, advocate various public policies, furnish special information and advice to readers, and sometimes include features such as comic strips(连环漫画), cartoons, and serialized(连载) books.小报(tabloid)，大报(broadsheet)第三章新闻杂志Publications released at regular intervals are often called journals, or periodicals.第四章新闻结构1.Grammatical Features of News Headlines：1. Omission of link verbs such as BE and determiners such as articles and pronouns2. Infinitives for future events3. Present tense for past events4. Phrases as headlines5. Pre-modificationExample 1. U.S. plans more Taiwan sales2. The lexical features of headlines：Small words and abbreviations instead of big, complete ones (Why?)aid→assistbid→attemptopt→choosevie→competeraid→attackcurb→controllaud→praiseslam→criticizeback→support,approveofblast→explode,explosionquiz→question,interrogateprobe→enquire,investigateban,bar→prohibit(ion),prevent(ion)nuke→nuclearGov’t→GovernmentPM→Prime Minister3.Basic sentence types of news headlines1. Narrative headline2.Quotation headline3.Interrogative headline4.story headline4. Rhetorical devices used in headlines for tabloidsAlliteration, Parody, Metaphor, Pre-modifier, Inventive lexis, etc.5.leadA direct lead tells readers the most important aspect of the story in a direct and straightforward way, and is often used in hard news.A delayed lead interests readers by hinting the content of the story. It is usually found in features and other soft stories that put more emphasis on human interest rather than timeliness of an event.附表一Major news agencies in the UK and USUKReuters(路透社)—one of the largest European press agenciesPA—Press AssociatedUSAP(美联社)—the Associated Press—The oldest press association in the United StatesUPI(合众国际社)—United Press International。