《英语报刊选读》+模拟试题(精选)
英语报刊选读试题3
英语报刊选读试题3I. Translate the following items into Chinese. (2 points for each from 1 to 15; 5 points for 16 and 17 respectively; 40 points in total)1. as a tribute to a distinguished graduate2. three years in a row3. a double-digit cut in critical defense research programs4. political lobbying5. electoral college6. harmless entertainment7. have a real problem separating reality from fantasy8. capital punishment9. cram for an exam10. Higher Education Act11. a fellow student of Fisher’s12. the give-and-take of the traditional classroom13. a standard brick-and-mortar university14．Predicting the future takes insight and dedication.15. worth a lot of money for a lot of people16. Don Wise wandered into the living room of his home in Leewood one evening last Semptember. His ten-year-old son, Mike, and a 12-year- old friend were sitting in front of a large-screen television set. They were playing a vedio game they had rented called 007.17. Ms. Stuart says her experience with online learing was wonderful but also served to challenge one of the false ideas about Internet study: the notion that it doesn’t require as much commitment and discipline as conventional classroom courses. If anything,Stuart believes she works harder than most traditional on-site students. She says she can provide firsthand evidence that the idea that distance learning is easy is a misconception.II. Read the short passages and choose the best answer. (2 points for each; 20 points in total)(A)SAN JUAN, Puerto Rico. Howling "like a million ghosts", a hurricane with an eye bigger than the islands it threatened blew into the Caribbean on Tuesday with winds that peaked at 170 miles an hour (270 kilometers an hour).The hurricane, designated Luis, straddled the Lesser Antilles and the Leeward Islands and moved westward toward Puerto Rico, Dominica and Cuba.The full force of the storm, estimated at 700 miles wide, was expected to strike Puerto Rico on Wednesday.High seas a hundred miles away it killed a French tourist in Guadeloupe."I've been in hurricanes, but I've never been in anything this strong before," said Scott Stripling, a meteorologist at the National Weather Service in San Juan.With confirmed wind gusts of up to 160 miles an hour and an eye 60 miles wide, the hurricane threatened even more devastation than the destructive hurricane named Hugo in 1989.As the hurricane bore down Tuesday on Barbuda, a tiny island of 1,400 people, winds of at least 146 miles an hour knocked out US wind measuring instruments on neighboring Antigua, 25 miles to the south. There was an unofficial report of gusts up to 175 miles an hour on Antigua."It's like a million ghosts howling outside," said Jackie Butler, who teaches inDavie, in south Florida. She got caught while vacationing in Barbuda with her husband and five children, including their 2-month-old daughter.Antigua government radio went off the air early Tuesday. Listeners switched to the Baptist station, Radio Lighthouse, which continued broadcasting warnings and news that some roofs had been blown off and many telephone lines downed.1. A storm with winds of up to 170 miles an hour the Caribbean.A. blew intoB. is expected to threatenC. moved westwards towards2. The hurricane, named could be more destructive than the one in 1989.A. LiusB. HugoC. Barbuda3. Winds knocked out .A. a French touristB. a US meteorologistC. US wind-measuring instruments4. Jackie Butler in Barbuda.A. got caught in the hurricaneB. was staying with her childrenC. teaches5. continued broadcasting warnings and news.A. The government radioB. The Baptist stationC. National Weather Service（B）CORTE, Corsica - A Corsican nationalist was shot dead and his wife was badly wounded here Thursday, bringing to three the number of pro-independence militants killed in less than 24 hours.Noel Sargentini, about 30 years old, was killed when two gunmen opened fire as he drove his car in this northern Corsican town. Both he and his wife, Dominique, were members of the Cuncolta Nziunalista, one of the two main nationalist movements campaigning for independence from France.The police said the Sargentinis were overtaken by another car that blocked the road. Two gunmen got out and fired through the couple's windshield.Mr. Sargentini died from bullets to the head and chest. His wife was hit by two bullets in the hip but was said to be out of danger.Ten people have been shot and killed this year, seven of them since July 13, in a growing feud between the Cuncolta and its rival, the Movement for Self-Determination. The two groups are off-shoots of the banned Corsican National Liberation Front.In the northern port of Bastia Wednesday evening, Pierre Albertini, 34, was killed in a gun battle in which he managed to wound one of his assailants fatally.Mr. Albertini, a member of the Movement for Self-Determination, was walking on a main street when three cars pulled up in front of him and the occupants began shooting. He fired back with his Uzi machine-pistol and wounded one of them, Pierre Duriani,24, before being hit in the heart. Mr. Duriani, a Cuncolta militant, died later in a hospital.6. shot dead on Thursday.A. A Corsican nationalist wasB. A Corsican couple wereC. Three Corsican nationalists were7. as he drove his car in a northern Corsican town.A. Two gunmen opened fire at Noel Sargentini's wifeB. Noel Sargentini was killedC. Two gunmen shot Noel Sargentini dead8. There is a growing feud between .A. the Cuncolta and the Corsican National Liberation FrontB. the Movement for self-Determination and Corsican National Liberation FrontC. the Cuncoita and the Movement for Self-Determination9. On Wednesday evening, a gun battle also killed .A. a manB. two menC. seven people10. began shooting at Albertini as he was walking on a main street.A. Three menB. The occupants in the three carsC. Three cars stopped and peopleIII. Read the following passage and choose the best answer.(4 points for each; 20 points in total)Lessons of Heart Disease, Learned and Ignored‘Time Is Muscle’At least half of all patients never call an ambulance. Instead, in the throes of a heart attack, they drive themselves to the emergency room or are driven there by a friend or family member. Or they take a taxi. Or they walk.Patients often say they were embarrassed by the thought of an ambulance arriving at their door.“Calling 911 seems like such a project,” Mr. Orr said. “I reserve it for car accidents and exploding appliances. I feel like if I can walk and talk and breathe I should just get here.”It is an understandable response, but one that can be fatal, cardiologists say.“If you come to the hospital unannounced or if you drive yourself there, (1) you’re burning time,” Dr. Antman said. “And time is muscle,” he added, meaning that (2) heart muscle is dying as the minutes tick away.There may be false alarms, Dr. Sopko said.“But it is better to be checked out and find out it’s not a problem than to have a problem and not have the therapy,” he said.Calling an ambulance promptly is only part of the issue, heart researchers say. There also is the question of how, or even whether, the patient gets either of two types of treatment to open the blocked arteries, known as reperfusion therapy.One is to open arteries with a clot-dissolving drug like TPA, for tissue plasminogen activator.“These have been breakthrough therapies,” said Dr. Joseph P. Ornato, a cardiologist and emergency medicine specialist who is medical director for the City of Richmond, Va. “But the hooker is that even the best of the clot buster drugs typically only open up 60 to 70 percent of blocked arteries —nowhere close to 100 percent.”The drugs also make patients vulnerable to bleeding, Dr. Ornato said.One in 200 patients bleeds into the brain, having a stroke from the treatment meant to save the heart.The other way is with (3) angioplasty, the procedure Mr. Orr got. Cardiologists say it is the preferred method under ideal circumstances.(4) Stents have recently been questioned for those who are just having symptoms like shortness of breath. In those cases, drugs often work as well as stents. But during a heart attack or in the early hours afterward, stents are the best way to open arteries and prevent damage. That, though, requires a cardiac catheterization laboratory, practiced doctors and staff on call 24 hours a day. The result is that few get this treatment.“We now are seeing really phenomenal results in experienced hands,” Dr. Ornato said. “We can open 95 to 96 percent of arteries, and bleeding in the brain is virtually unheard of. It’s a safer route if it is done by very experienced people and if it is done promptly. Those are big ifs.”The ifs were not a problem for Mr. Orr. His decision to go to Brigham and Women’s Hospital proved exactly right. But he did not know that when he chose the hospital —he chose it because (5) his doctor was affiliated with Brigham.1. “You are burning time” meansA you are wasting timeB you are using timeC you are flaming time2. “heart muscle is dying as the minutes tick away” means except __ __.A. As time slip by, the heart muscle stop its working.B . As every minute pass by, the heart muscle becomes weaker.C. As time goes on, the heart muscle lose its function suddenly.3. Which of the following is FalseA. The cardiologist is not in favor of the idea that patients drive themselves to the hospital.B. Patients feel it is a shame to call .C. Calling an ambulance promptly is the most important thing when the heart attacks.4. Which of the following is true according to the passageA. During a heart attack or in the early hours afterward, stents work as well as drugs.B. The preferred method under ideal circumstances is with angioplasty.C. Doctors are seeing really temporary results in experienced people.5. “ his doctor was affiliated with Brigham” means .A. His doctor was angry with Brigham.B. His doctor inferior to Brigham.C. His doctor has connection with BrighamIV. Read the following passage and then translate the underlined sentences. (4 points for each; 20 points in total)Lobbyists Out of Shadows into The SpotlightRecent years have seen an exploration in the number of advocates hired by corporations, labor unions, individuals and other special interests who want to influence actions of the White House, Congress and regulatory agencies Who are these people How do they earn their pay How effective are theyLobbying, a practice as old as the nation’s government, got its name from the cozyrelationship struck up in lobbies of the Capitol and nearby hotels between members of Congress and those seeking favor.. In the early days, companies would often seal the vote of a politician by simply putting him on retainer.(1)Lobbyists quickly developed an unsavory reputation of being bagmen who conducted the people’s business around the poker table. Despite periodic scandals and demands for reform, Congress has been reluctant to tamper with laws guaranteeing the right of citizens to petition the government.(2)Lobbyists come in a variety of guises, but lawyers, trade-association representatives and public relations consultants dominates the field.(3)A number of lobbyists previously served in key government posts. The roster includes more than 300 former member of Congress, cabinet and White House officials and congressional aides.Lobby firms come in all sizes. For every large lobbying firm doing business out of a plushy downtown building, there are scores of tiny operations that often deal in specialized issues. Stanley Brand says of his small outfits: “We can be a lot more efficient than the large firms, and some clients aren’t always interested in the large hitters.Lobbying is big money. A high-powered organization will charge an annual retainer of $ 200,000 or more. To put a premium on winning, some contracts include “success bonus” clauses. With millions or even billions of dollars on the line in bills before Congress, the stake run high.Lobbyists often are hired not so much to influence officials as to find out what is going on in Washington that could affect a client. Mounting a drive to get voters to work on members of Congress through letters, telephone calls and personal visits can have enormous impact.Lobbying is a two-way street. When they are not busy trying to sway the views of politicians, the lobbyists are engaged in raising campaign money for those same politicians. Lobbyists, like members of most professions, have their intramural quarrels..Where lobbyists used to avoid notoriety and preferred to work behind the scenes,many seek publicity as a useful tool. The Watergate era put a stop to all the underground games being played, so they came out of the closet. (4) Whether they work offstage or in the spotlight, lobbyists promise to continue exerting a powerful influence as long as there’s a Washington.（5）(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)附：参考答案I. Translate the following items into Chinese. (2 points for each from 1 to 15; 5 points for 16 and 17 respectively; 40 points in total)1. 作为对一位著名毕业生表达敬意的方式2. 连续三年3. 关键防卫研究项目上两位数的削减4. 政治游说5. 选举团6. 无害的娱乐7. 实在难以分清现实与幻想8. 死刑，极刑9. 突击学习备考10. 高等教育法11. 费舍尔的一个同学12. 传统课堂的师生交流13. 标准的现实学校14．预测未来需要洞察力和专注15. 对许多人来说，需要花很多钱16. 去年九月的一个傍晚唐怀斯走进自己在李武德的家里的客厅。
英语报刊阅读模拟试题
英语报刊阅读模拟试题I. Reconstruct the messages of the following headlines of news stories: (10 points)Example: Italian Ex-Mayor Murdered---An Italian Ex-Mayor Is Murdered told not to exploit Tibet issue2.Rubin, Greenspan at odds3.Visitors flocking to Mao‘s birth place4.Man quizzed after wife is knifed in sports storeII. Read the following passage and answer the Questions A 5-34 (30 points) and B 35-45 (20 points).Tuition Reform for Higher EducationChinese institutions of higher learning have quickened their pace of reform in recent years. Changing enrollment practices and higher tuition fees constitute and important part of the reform. Schools which once admitted students almost exclusively according to state plans are becoming more accepting of students sent by work groups for further training and those who pay their own fees.Regular universities and colleges plan to enroll about 786 200 students this year, up 158 200 or 25 percent over last year‘s figure. Of these, 216 000, or 27.4 percent, will be sent by their work groups or will pay their own way.In the past, the state paid all tuition and school fees for university students, a matter of policy since New China was established in 1949. Although this practice guaranteed the supply of qualified personnel, it brought a heavy burden to the sate, hindering further development of higher education. Since higher education is non—compulsory education in China, to charge appropriate fees will help improve school facilities and expedite the development of education in this stage. As an added benefit, paying their own way will encourage students to study harder.The reform will take effect in two directions. State—financed students will begin paying part of the costs of their education, and more self—paying students will be accepted.In August 1989, under the direction of the State council, the State Education Commission, the Ministry of Finance and the Sate Price Bureau drew up stipulations concerning the amount of charges on tuition, accommodation and other expenses for students of institutions of higher learning. Beginning from that year, freshmen at regular universities and colleges and professional schools (including cadres taking special training courses and students working on a second degree) were charged 100 yuan (about us $17) each for their tuition fee, and this low charge is expected to be raised gradually. The figure was higher in special economic zones and economically developed regions such as Guangdong Province and Shanghai, but was capped at 300 yuan. Students living on campus paid about 20 yuan per year for accommodation and the charge was slightly higher for better furnishing. Normal school students and those admitted on scholarships need only pay for accommodation. Reduced tuitions and fees are available tostudents in need of financial assistance, but accommodation expenses will remain the same.In June 1992, the State Education Commission, the Ministry of Finance and the State Price Bureau decided to allow regular institutions of higher education to set their own tuition rates and charges for accommodation, short—term training programs, correspondence courses and night school. These should be determined according to the needs of each school, the abilities of students to pay and general conditions in each area. The tuition for students in the sciences and engineering can range from 300 to 500 yuan per academic year. Liberal arts, history and economics students of the fine arts pay 400 to 600 yuan per year, and students of the fine arts 400 to 750 yuan. Statistics for 1992 show students paid an average of 340 yuan in tuition that year, only 5 percent of the real cost.Measures have been taken to limit the possible detrimental affects of rising tuition. Shanghai, for instance, exempts the children of revolutionary martyrs from paying tuition. And these costs may be reduced or waived for students with limited family financial support as their parents are either both dead or are receiving subsidies from their work units. Some colleges have also set up work—study programs to benefit students with financial difficultiesGuidelines concerning self—paying students were first set out in 1989. The State Education Commission, the Ministry of Finance and the State Price Bureau stipulated that these students should pay 80 percent of the cost of their education. Such students who live on campus pay the standard rate for accommodation and must cover their own medical expenses. The charge for each self—paying student averaged 2 000 yuan of the cost in 1992, or 30 percent of the cost. Charges for undergraduates and students of special colleges whose education is sponsored by work units, with payment coming either in part or in full from their units, are somewhat higher. Self—paying students are not assigned jobs by the state after graduation, whereas students sent by their units will return to them after graduating.Charges for correspondence courses and night school are equal to or slightly higher than those for full-time students enrolled according to the state plan.With their improvement of their living standards and the deepening of reform, people in general accept the changes in the tuition system. To facilitate the development of higher education, the increases in tuition rates will be more flexible and diversified. Student payments will be augmented by finding from the state, enterprises and funds raised from the public. Laws and regulations will by enacted to ensure steady progress, and overseas organizations and individuals are encouraged to set up and operate schools in China.--21st Century, Apr.20, 1992Reading ComprehensionCircle the letter that best suits the answer or completes the statement.5.Changing enrollment practices and higher tuition fees ____.A.pay an important part in the reformB.make up an important part of the reformC.include an important part of the reformD.hold an important part of the reform6.Regular universities and colleges plan to enroll about 786 200 students this year ____.A.which is the same as last years figureB.which is more than last year‘s figure by 158 200C.which is 25 per cent over last year‘s figureD.both B and C7.Among 786 200 students ____ will be sent by their work groups or will pay their ownway.A. 158 200B. 21 600C. 27.4 per centD. 25 per cent8.Since New China was established, all tuition and school fees for university students ____A.Were paid by their work groupsB.Were paid by the students themselvesC.Were paid by the stateD.Were paid by the local government9.The policy which the state paid all tuition and school fees for university students ____.A.Brought lots of profits to the stateB.Was helpful to further development of higher educationC.Brought many advantages to the stateD.Brought expense and trouble to the state10.Which statement is not true?A.To charge appropriate fees will help improve school facilities.B.As an added benefit, paying their own way will encourage students to study harder.C.Higher education is compulsory education in China.D.Tuition reform for higher education will take effect in two directions.11.Stipulations concerning the amount of charges on tuition, accommodation and otherexpenses for students of institutions of higher learning was drafted by ____.A.the State Education CommissionB.the State CouncilC.the universities and collegesD.the State Education Commission, the Ministry of Finance and the State Price Bureau12.The figure on tuition fee was higher in special economic zones and economicallydeveloped regions, but was ____.A. fixed at 300 yuanB. limited in 300 yuanC. over 300 yuanD. much more than 300 yuan13.Students in need of financial assistance ____.A.can get a grantB.need only pay for accommodationC.can get support from the local governmentD. can enjoy reduced tuitions and fees14.According to the stipulations made by the State Education Commission, the Ministry ofFinance and the State Price Bureau, the tuition for students in the sciences and engineering can ____.A.be changed between 300 and 500 yuan per academic yearB.be fixed at 300 or 500 yuan per yearC.be set at 400 or 600 yuan per yearD.be extended from 400 to 750 yuan per year15.The children of revolutionary martyrs in Shanghai ___.A.enjoy reduced tuitionB.enjoy free charge tuitionC.gain allowance from governmentD.receive subsidies from their parents‘ work units16.Stipulations concerning self—paying students took effect in ____.A. 1989B. 1992C. 1990D. 199117.Charges for undergraduates and students of special colleges whose education issponsored by work units _____.A.are set at 2 000 yuan per yearB.are exempted 50 per cent from the whole cost of their educationC.are rather higherD.are exempted 30 percent18.Self—paying students, after their graduation, ____.A.will return to their unitsB.will be appointed to do some work by the stateC.are provided employments by the statD.are not assigned jobs by the state19.Which statement is true?A.The increases in tuition rates can not be changed easily.B.Students payment will be decreased by funding from the state and enterprises.ws and regulations will be made to ensure steady progress.D.People in general can‘t accept the change in the tuition reform.VocabularyChoose the best answer to explain the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.20.Chinese institutions of higher learning have quickened their pace of reform in recent yearA. walkingB. stepC. footD. speed21.Changing enrollment practices and higher tuition fees constitute an important part of thereform.i.Make up B. establish C. hold D. complete22. Although this practice guaranteed the supply of qualified personnel, it brought a heavy burden to the state.A.it brought the state expense and troubleB.it brought the state sufferingC.it made the state involve in difficultiesD.it caused the state involved in troubles23. The reform will take effect in two directions.A. will take placeB. will come into forceC. will affectD. will have an influence24. The figure was higher in special economic zones and economically developed regionssuch as Guangdong, province and Shanghai, but was capped at 300 yuan.A.coveredB. aboutC. overD. much more than25. This Ministry of Finance and the State Price Bureau decided to allow regular institutions ofhigher education to set their own tuition rates and charges for accommodation.A. decideB. fixC. put forwardD. Both A and B26. The tuition for students in the sciences and engineering can range from 300 to 500 yuanper academic year.A.be charged between 300 and 500B.set at 300 or 500C.be decided at 300 or 500D.extend from 300 to 50027. Measures have been taken to limit the possible detrimental affects of rising tuition.A.determinedB. damageC. harmfulD. influential28. Shanghai, for instance, exempts the children of revolutionary martyrs from paying tuition.A.charges a little forB. makes free charge forC. reduces the charge forD. Both A and B29. And these costs may be reduced or waived for students with limited family financialsupport as their parents are either both dead or are receiving subsidies from their work units.insisted on B. not enforced C. charged D. exempted30. Some colleges have also set up work—study programs to benefit students with financialdifficulties.A. helpB. give money toC. give profits toD. send allowance of money to31. The State Educational Commission, the Ministry of Finance and the State Price Bureau stipulated that these students should pay 80 percent of the cost of their education.A.arrangedB. advocatedC. stated clearlyD. stimulated32. Such students who live on campus pay the standard rate for accommodation and must covertheir own medical expenses.A.includeB. exemptC. changeD. provide money for33. Self—paying students are not assigned jobs by the state after graduation, whereas studentssent by their units will return to them after graduation.A.After graduation the state doesn‘t give employments to the self—paying studentsB..After graduation, the state doesn‘t appoint the self—paying students to do someworkC.After graduation, the self-paying students are not going to apply for jobsD.All are wrong.34. To facilitate the development of higher education, the increases in tuition rates will be moreflexible and diversified.A.will be more easily bent and variousB.will be more limited and variousC.will be easily changed and in variety to adapt to new conditionsD.will be raised more than beforeB Endangered T rade(The Asian Wall Street Journal, Mar., 1999)Such is the special relationship between America and its NA TO partners that while that alliance cooperates to bomb Serbian forces, the U.S. and the EU are managing a trade war against each other. Fortunately, no lives are at stake in the latter conflict. Y et if it spreads unchecked, the rest of the world is sure to feel the pain of it.It‘s hard to decide whether the U.S. or Europe deserves the most contempt for expanding their trade war. The first fight, over bananas, is essentially a struggle between two fruit distributors with strong political connections. Now Washington and Brussels are escalating their battle over beef, with European farmers stooping to phony science in their claims that hormone-treated American beef is unsafe.In his first term in office, President Bill Clinton teamed up with the Republicans to push major free-trade liberalizations. Now, however, he seems bent on pursuing ‗level even if playing fields,‘torpedoing the world economy. The latest salvo was fired this week, with the U.S. announcing it has targeted close to $1 billion of European products for 100% tariffs if the European Union doesn‘t drop the hormone nonsense.The move follows an earlier announcement that the U.S. administration will fight Europe‘s banana import regime by hitting a range of European goods with prohibitive tariffs. Add to this renewed American threats to raise the drawbridge to Russian, Japanese and Brazilian steel, as well as administration support for a congressional vote to ban Concorde flights from Europe in relation for EU threats to refuse landing rights to old-American planes retrofitted with noise reducing technology.Mr. Clinton sounded the protectionist battle cry in his January State of the Union address, where he vowed to fight for ‗a freer and fairer trading system for 21st century America.‘ In the case of agriculture, when the respective lobbies on both sides of the Atlantic enter the fray, that translates into a sticky situation. On the whole, American farmers are major exporters. And U.S. farmers have a good case on beef hormones. But it is nonetheless dangerous for the U.S. to shut off $1 billion in trade.This is not to excuse the EU. The hormone argument is nonsense. The World Trade Organization has acknowledged as much, ordering the EU to allow imports of American meat by May 13. Brussels has responded by saying that it needs more time because European citizens, who supposedly don‘t like hormones in their food, would rebel against their governments if American meat suddenly appeared on their store shelves.Were it not for the high stakes involved for both producers and consumers, the argument might be amusing. When governments curtail trade the global economy shrinks and for all the jobs ‗saved‘by protections, there are a lot more lost. The Smoot-Hawley agricultural protections imposed by the U.S. Congress in the late 1920s certainly contributed to the Great Depression. Mr. Clinton may believe he is fighting the good fight. But we‘ve never thought much of the kind of war where you pose even when you win.Judge whether the following statement are T rue or False:35. ( ) The Trade war between the U.S. and the EU has cost no lives but is equally dangerous.36. ( ) It‘s very easy to decide who is to blame for expanding the trade war.37. ( ) The very beginning of the trade war suggests that it bears political significance.38. ( ) The author agrees that hormone-treated beef is harmful to one‘s health.39. ( ) President Bill Clinton used to be a believer of free trade, but not now.40. ( ) Level playing fields ca do good to the world economy.41. ( ) Besides its trade war with the EU, the U.S. is also in conflict with Japan, Russia andBrazil.42 .( ) The author thinks that in the case of beef, the American farmers are justified.43. ( ) The author thinks that it is a right decision for the U.S. to shut off $1 billion in trade.44. ( ) The two sides have submitted the case of beef to the WTO for settlement.III. Read the following passage and answer Questions 45-49 (20 points)The Rich Get Richer and ElectedBy Steven V. RobertsSpecial to The New Y ork TimesWASHINGTON, Sept. 23 –The House of Representatives, which prides itself on being ―the people‘s House.‖ Has been turning into a rich man‘s club.The representatives newly elected in 1984 were almost four times as wealthy as the first-term lawmakers elected only six years before, according to a new study based one the members‘financial reports.Behind this remarkable a swing, the study says, are two main factors: a court decision that outlawed limits on what candidates could give to their own campaigns, and the enormous grow th in the cost of pursuing a seat in Congress. As a result, it is increasingly difficult for candidates of modest means, particularly women, to mount successful challenges to entrenched office holders.One solution, the authors contend, is a system of public financing for campaigns, but Congress seems in no mood to change the political rules any time soon.―The lower chamber is going upper class,‖ said Mark Green, the president of The Democracy Project, a public policy institute based in New Y ork. ―But this evolution from a House of Representatives to a House of Lords denies the diversity of our democracy. It establishes a de facto property qualification for office that increasingly says: low and middle income need not apply.‖The Democracy Project produced the study in cooperation with the United States Public Interest Research Group, a similar institute situated in Washington. But their research was not entirely theoretical. In 1980 Mr. Green was the unsuccessful Democratic candidate for Congress in New Y ork‘s 15th District, in Manhattan. The winner was Bill Green, one of the wealthiest members of Congress.Of Assets and MillionairesMembers of Congress must report their assets in broad categories, not exact numbers, so the figures in the study are not precise. But the minimum average wealth of the 43 lawmakers first elected last year was $251,292. Six years earlier, the 74 new members reported an average of only $41,358 in assets. With inflation figured in, the increase was almost 400 percent in real terms.Moreover, financial data on the class of 1978 indicated only one millionaire, William F. Clinger Jr., a Pennsylvania Republican. Last year‘s newcomers included 15 possible millionaires, more than a third of the entire group. Topping the list was Joseph J. Dioguardi, a Westchester Republican, who listed assets of $1 million to $2.46 million.The main reason for the change, Mr. Green maintains, is the Supreme Court decision of 1976 in the case of Buckley V. V aleo. In that case, the Court ruled that limits mandated by Congress on the amount a candidate could give to his or her own campaign were an unconstitutional abridgment of individual rights. At the same time, the Court upheld limits on amounts contributed by outsiders.―Quite naturally‖, Mr. Green said, ―this puts a premium on personal wealth.The 43 Representatives newly elected in 1984 spent an average of $459,344; of that, $50,329 was their own money in an average case. Eight of the 43 spent more than $100,000 in personal funds but the clear leader was Tommy F. Robinson, an Arkansas Democrat, who contributed $441, 167 to his own campaign. Mr. DioGuardi was next with a personal donation of $210,000.The Senate Puts an even higher premium on wealth. Last year the average candidate for the Senate spent $2 million, and the roster of millionaires in the Senate is steadily growing.The second factor putting a premium on personal wealth, Mr. Green argues, is the rapid rise of political action committees. They tend to favor incumbents with their campaign contributions, and a result, Mr. Green says, is that it takes a wealthy challenger to make a race of things.One apparent effect is the obstacle this poses for women who run for Congress. While women in rapidly rising numbers are capturing local and state offices, their representation on the national level has stayed static. The class of 1984 included only two women: Helen D. Bentley of Maryland and Jan Meyers of Kansas, both Republicans.―It is largely men who control wealth in America,‖Mr. Green said, ―and if wealth is a major variable in political success, that automatically means more men will run and win.‖Fred Wertheimer, president of Common Cause, the public affairs lobby that studies campaign financing issues, summed up the situation this way: ―Today, if you‘re not personally wealthy, and you‘re not willing to indebt yourself to the PAC‘s, you face an uphill struggle just to get your message on the table.The authors of the study argue that some form of public financing for campaigns should be instituted. ―Competition for public office should be based more upon merit than money,‖asserted Gene Karpinski, executive director of the public interest research group.Mr. Wertheimer argues that ―members of Congress know they have a national scandal on their hands‖ and are willing to consider public financing, or at least a total limit on PAC contributions. But the chances for change in the current system remain decidedly poor.Obviously the current occupants of Capitol Hill have kept their seats under the present rules, which clearly favor incumbents. Accordingly, Mr. Green maintains, Congress is still probably ―several scandals away‖ from a serious push to change the campaign system.(From The New Y ork Times, September 24, 1985)45. Why has the House of Representatives been changing into a rich man‘s club or a House of Lords?46. In what way did the Court decision favor the wealthy candidates?47. Are women far behind men in getting Congressional offices? Please give an example for your answer.48. What role do political action committees play in a campaign for public office?49. According to the author of the study, on what basis should the political race for public office be placed?V. T ranslate the following into Chinese: (20%)How to negotiateThe US is an attractive market. Its business culture, which has brought the world ―shareholder value‖and ―IPOs‖, has been leading commercial thinking in recent years and will continue to do so. But whoever wants to succeed in the US needs to remember the rules of the game.US business is described by the lyrics of the song New York, New York: ―If you can make it here, you can make it anywhere!‖Y et a euphoric approach to business is by no means enough. Although business communication in the US is pleasant and easygoing, it is at the same time ruthlessly focused.Communicating is natural talent of Americans. When negotiating partners meet, the emphasis is on small talk and smiling. There is liberal use of a sense of humour that is more direct than it is in the UK. If you give a talk in America, you should speak in a relaxed way and with plenty of jokes to capture your audience‘s attention.参考答案I. 补上标题中省略或被代替的单词（每词分1分，共10分）1.The US is told not exploit the Tibet issue2.Rubin and Greenspan are at odds3.Visitors are flocking to Mao‘s birth place4. A man is quizzed after his wife is knifed in a sports storeII. 阅读理解A. 每小题1分，共30分5. B6. D7. C8.C9. D 10. C 11. D 12. B 13. D 14. A15. B 16. A17. C 18. D 19. C 20. D 21.A22. A23. B 24. A25. B 26. A27. C 28. B 29. D 30. A31. C 32. D 33.B 34. CB.每小题2 分，共20分35. T 36. F 37. T 38. F 39. T40. F 41. T 42. T 43. F 44. TIII. 每小题4分，共20分45.Because the House of Representatives is largely composed of wealthy men, and they getelected not on their merit, but on their money.46. The court decision outlawed limits on the amount that a candidate could give to his own campaign. At the same time it upheld limits on amounts contributed by outsiders.47. Y es. Take the Congressional election in 1984 for example, only two women got elected.48. They play a very important role to help officeholders to get re-elected with campaign contributions.49. Some form of public financing should be taken. Competition for public office should be based more on merit than money.IV. 翻译20 分美国是一个有吸引力的市场。
英语报刊选读考试样题(2)
英语报刊选读考试样题(2)
英语报纸和杂志是学习英语的重要资源。
它们为读者提供了丰富多样的信息和观点，帮助人们提高英语阅读和理解能力。
在这篇文章中，我将介绍一些英语报刊选读考试的样题。
英语报刊选读考试的样题通常包括阅读理解和相关的练习题。
这些题目旨在测试考生对英语文章的理解和分析能力，以及对语法和词汇的运用。
一个阅读理解样题可以是一篇短文或一篇有关某个话题的文章。
考生需要仔细阅读文章，并回答一些与文章内容相关的问题。
这些问题可能涉及主旨、细节、推理、隐含意义等方面。
考生需要基于对文章的理解和推理，选择正确的答案。
另一个样题可能要求考生根据某个句子的上下文，选择合适的词或短语填空。
这样的题目旨在考察考生对词汇和语法的掌握。
考生需要根据上下文的意思和句子的语法结构，选择最合适的选项来填空。
有些样题要求考生对文章中的观点或论据进行分析和评价。
考生需要根据自己的理解和观点，回答相关的问题。
这些题目旨在帮助考生培养批判性思维和分析问题的能力。
在备考英语报刊选读考试时，考生应该多读英语文章，特别是和考试中常见话题相关的文章。
可以通过阅读英语报纸和杂志，或使用在线学习资源来进行训练。
此外，考生还应该多做一些练习题，加强对文章的理解和分析能力。
总之，英语报刊选读考试是一个测试考生对英语文章理解和分析能力的重要环节。
通过多读英语文章和做练习题，考生可以提高自己的阅读和理解能力，为考试做好准备。
英语报刊选读考试样题(2)参考答案及评分细则
湖南广播电视大学开放教育期末考试英语报刊选读考试样题（2）参考答案及评分细则I. Translate the following into Chinese: (20小题，每题2分，共40分)1. International Monetary Fund (IMF) 国际货币基金组织2. United Nations Economic Council 联合国经济理事会3. World Trade Organization (WTO) 世界贸易组织4. European Union 欧洲联盟/欧盟5. Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) 上海合作组织6. the Common Wealth 英联邦7. Group of Eight (G8) 八国集团8. The Times 泰晤士报9. The Guardian 卫报10. Financial Times 金融时报11. The Economist 经济学人12. Washington Post 华盛顿邮报13. News Week 《新闻周刊》14. Reader’s Digest 《读者文摘》15. Fortune 《财富》杂志16. financial crisis 金融危机17. political asylum 政治庇护（避难）18. Downing Street 唐宁街（英国首相府邸），英国政府19. Foreign Secretary 外交大臣20. the House of Lords 上议院Part II. Read the following news and choose the best answer. (5小题，每题2分，共10分) 21. A 22.C 23.C 24.D 25. BPart III. Answer the questions according to the report: (5小题，每题5分，共25分)26. What does the underlined phrase “Triple-digit oil prices” in Paragraph 1 mean?It means that the oil prices have reached or surpassed $100 per barrel.27.Which country is the largest oil consumer in the world?The U.S. is the largest oil consumer in the world.28. What does the underlined word ascent in Paragraph 4 mean?It means rise or growth.29. Why do economists and other market watchers anticipate that the oil prices will not collapse?It is partly because the global economy is stronger, but also because the increases have been gradual.30. How much does OPEC control the world’s oil output?OPEC controls about a third of the world’s oil output.评分说明：第三部分为阅读新闻报道并回答问题，共5题，每题5分，共25分。
英语报刊选读试题
1. What is news? What are some categories of news?A folk definition:News is something that you haven’t heard before;news is what editors and reporters say it is.A more accurate definition:News is information that is published in mass media about recent events in the country or world or in a particular area of activity.In terms of style: spot news, news features, etc.In terms of nature: political, economic, sports, cultural, etc.In terms of area: international, domestic, local, etc.In terms of timeliness: hard news Vs soft news.2. What is news value? What are some basic elements of news value? News value refers to the importance of the facts and details in the news that can satisfy the public’s interest in news. Public interest means the degree of attention the readers pay to the news reports.Basic elements:Timeliness: Freshness strengthens a new story.Proximity: Close-to-home events naturally are of interest to media outlets. Conflict: Whether it revolves people, governmental bodies, or sports teams, conflict is considered newsworthy.Eminence or prominence: Some happening simply are more newsworthy when well-known people are involved.Consequence or impact: Media give prominent play to these.Human interest: Human interest stories often appeal to the emotions of readers, pulling them into the lives of others or into subjects of broad concern.3. What are the functions of newspaper?1. To inform, giving readers the latest news. The dissemination of information must be objective, as far as possible without some sort of perspective; information must be accurate, can’t spread the information that listening to or the first second-hand materials; message should be as complete as possible, or keep up after the development.2. To influence. Newspaper articles or news on the general public has a great influence on the editorial or commentary point of view, it can be something about the public's view.3. To entertain. Newspapers can have on the entertainment pages. You can also publish comic books, comic strips, and even novels, essays and so on. These are for people to read tea recreational.4. To advertise. Advertising In addition to timely delivery of a variety of information, but more importantly, for the newspaper to bring economic revenue.4. What are the features of a front page in a newspaper?(1). A lead storythe most important political, economic and/or military event, sometimes accompanied by a relevant photo.(2). News index or briefon the side or bottom part of the front page.(3). The headlinesbrief but impactive (How to achieve this goal?)(4). Often with few or even no advertisements5. What are the features of headlines in Lexis, Grammar and Rhetoric? Lexical:Small words and abbreviations instead of big, complete ones;Choice of words in headlines — style and purpose.Grammatical:Omission of link verbs such as BE;Infinitives for future events; Phrases as headlines;Present tense for past events;Pre-modification Rhetorical:Parody (仿拟):Temporary transformation allusions, proverbs, famous sayings;Metaphor (隐喻)6. How do news magazines differ from newspaper in layout and news coverage?Articles in a magazine do not merely tell the readers 5ws but provide them with a perfect taste of an art of language. Many narrative and delayed leads, detailed descriptions and the consequences of the events are offered in an article of magazine, accompanied by captions and photos and titles. Every issue has fixed columns. Cover story is the most import news item in a magazine.The news magazines usually have larger space, longer time interval to report more specifically(details), and print eye-catching photos of each article, fixed section.7. What is news lead? What are direct lead and delayed lead?News leads ——the first a few paragraphs which indicate the five Ws and an H (WHO, WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, WHY, HOW ) of the news story.Direct leadA direct lead tells readers the most important aspect of the story (the five Ws) in a direct and stra ightforward way, and is often used in “hard news” . Delayed leadDelayed lead A delayed lead attracts readers by hinting the content of the story. It is usually found in news features and other “soft stories” that put more emphasis on human interest rather than timeliness of an event.A delayed lead usually sets a scene or evokes a mood with an incident, anecdote, or example.8. What is the body structure of a news story? What are advantages of it? Inverted pyramid (also called “inverted triangle”)—— the most important aspect of a story is higher up in the body of the story, while other information is written lower down in order of importance. Advantages:1. Easy for journalists to write, since the structure is clear.2. Easy for editors to modify, since the lower parts are less important thuscan be readily cut off if necessary.3. Easy for readers to grasp the main idea and decide whether to read on--- time is money!9. What are the difference between tabloids and broadsheets? (at first four aspects)Tabloids：①Headlines are typed in bold print and may extend across the whole page. They are often capitalized. ②Paragraphs are usually only a few lines long. ③The typographical features are very varied: the first paragraph uses larger print and is often bold; the second paragraph is slightly smaller, the third paragraph uses standard print size. Initial letters are usually large.④Punctuation is used sparingly. Commas are often omitted after initialadverbials and between strings of adjectives. Inverted commas are used to mark direct speech and to highlight key words.Broadsheets:①Headlines usually only extend over two columns, the print tends to besmaller. Front page headlines, however, are sometimes an exception.②Paragraphs are longer so the reader has to concentrate for longer periods oftime.③The typographical features are more standard. The same size of print isused throughout except for headlines, strap lines and sub-headlines.④Punctuation is used traditionally and more formally than in tabloids. Dashesare less frequent.10. What are the main functions of mass communication for society?⑴.Surveillance: facts and data;⑵. Interpretation: information on the ultimate meaning and significance of news events;⑶. Transmission of values: The mass media present portrayals of our society and by;⑷. Diversion: ①seeking relief from boredom or the routine activities of everyday life; ②relaxation or escape from the pressures and problems of day to day existence; ③emotional release of pent-up emotions and energy⑸. Linkage: the media function that addresses our need to strengthen our contact with family, friends, and others in our society.11. How to deal with new words in reading newspapers and magazines?⑴. Try to find some help from the author⑵. Try to find some help from word formation⑶. Try to find some help from context and common knowledge12. What is communication? What are the forms of communication? Communication:the process of sharing ideas, information, and messages with others in a particular time and place.Forms of communication:verbal communication, nonverbal communication, visual communication, electronic communication.13. What is the code of ethics for journalists?①Responsibility: Journalists should not use their professional status as representatives of the public for selfish or other unworthy motives.②Freedom of the press: Journalists should be free from government control or censorship.③Accuracy and objectivity: truth is the ultimate goal, objectivity in reporting the news is another goal.14. What is journalism? What does the study of journalism include?In a narrow sense, journalism is the collection and periodical publishing of news. It includes writing for, editing, and managing such media as the newspaper and the periodical. In other words, it means gathering, evaluating, and disseminating facts of current interest.In a broad sense, journalism is the gathering and transmission of news, business management of journals, and advertising in all its phases. And following the advent of radio and television, there was trend toward including all communication dealing with current affairs in the term of journalism.15. What is the definition of news agency? What are the major news agencies in America and Britain?News agencies are organizations that collect, transmit, and distribute news to newspapers, periodicals, television, radio, and other journalistic and mass communications media.America: the Associated Press (AP)美联社; the United Press International (UPI)Britain: Reuters 路透社16. What are the benefits obtained via appreciating the language of English news?Some benefits ——⑴.Acquire latest information (90%)⑵.Understand the fundamentals of English journalism⑶.Know about the different styles of English newspapers and magazines⑷.Improve one’s English competence17. What is privacy? What actions can be regarded as invasion of privacy?Privacy: The right of the individual to be protected against intrusion into his personal life or affairs, or those of his family, by direct physical means or by publication of information.①A TV news crew hiding in a van outside your room and secretly taping your activities while you were inside.(But it’s a different story for public figures such as superstar and politicians.)②A newspaper publishing private medical records that a person has a dreadful disease.18. Give a brief account of the general communication process.The sources encode information and send it to the receivers through the channel, during this process the information will become a message with some noises. The receivers decode the message to get the information and then may become new sources.19. What is Yellow Journalism?Yellow Journalism, in short, is biased opinion masquerading as objective fact. Moreover, the practice of yellow journalism involved sensationalism, distorted stories, and misleading images for the sole purpose of boosting newspaper sales and exciting public opinion. It was particularly indicative of two papers founded and popularized in USA in the late 19th century:The New York World -- J. Pulitzer and The New York Journal -- W. R. Hearst.20. What is hard news? What is soft news? How to distinguish between them?Hard news generally refers to up-to-the-minute news and events that are reported promptly.Soft news is background information or human-interest stories, which appeal to people’s curiosity, sympathy, skepticism, or amazement.H v S:1. Difference in the subject matterPolitics, war, economics and crime used to be considered hard news, while arts, entertainment and lifestyles were considered soft news.②The tone of presentationA hard news story takes a factual approach: What happened? Who was involved? Where and When did it happen? Why?A soft news story tries instead to entertain or advise the reader. You may have come across newspaper or TV stori es that promised “News you will use”.。
英语报刊选读练习题
英语报刊选读练习题IntroductionWith the increasing complexity and globalization of our world, it has become essential for individuals to develop strong English language skills. Reading English newspapers and magazines is an effective way to improve language proficiency and keep up with current affairs. In this article, we present a selection of exercises based on English newspaper articles, providing readers with an opportunity to practice their reading comprehension skills while gaining valuable knowledge.Exercise 1: Multiple ChoiceRead the following short news article and choose the correct answer from the options provided:[News Article]Title: "World Leaders Gather for Climate Summit"Date: October 15, 2022World leaders from over 100 countries are convening in New York today for the highly anticipated Global Climate Summit. The summit aims to address the urgent issue of climate change and explore solutions to reduce carbon emissions. Key topics on the agenda include renewable energy strategies, international cooperation, and environmental policies.Question:1. What is the purpose of the Global Climate Summit?A. To discuss strategies for reducing carbon emissionsB. To address environmental policies in New YorkC. To promote cooperation between world leadersD. To explore solutions for energy conservationAnswer: AExercise 2: Fill in the BlanksComplete the following article by filling in the blanks with the appropriate words from the given options:[Article]Title: "New Study Reveals Benefits of Exercise for Mental Health"According to a recent (1)_______ conducted by the University of London, regular physical exercise is closely linked to improved mental well-being. The study involved over 1,000 participants and found that those who engaged in exercise at least three times a week reported lower levels of stress and (2)_______ symptoms.The researchers emphasized that the type of exercise doesn't necessarily matter as long as it is done (3)_______. Activities such as walking, cycling, or even gardening have been shown to have positive effects on mental health. Experts recommend finding an activity that one enjoys to increase the likelihood of (4)_______ the exercise routine.(5)_______, it is important to note that exercise alone does not replace professional treatments for mental health conditions. However, incorporatingregular physical activity into one's lifestyle can serve as a (6)_______ that complements existing therapies.1. A. investigation B. examination C. survey D. research2. A. palpable B. evident C. glaring D. obvious3. A. rhythmically B. periodically C. consistently D. regularly4. A. maintaining B. retaining C. sustaining D. upholding5. A. On the other hand B. Therefore C. Additionally D. Nonetheless6. A. supplement B. substitute C. substitute D. complementAnswers:1. D2. B3. C4. A5. C6. DExercise 3: True or FalseRead the newspaper excerpt below and determine whether the statements are true or false:[News Excerpt]Title: "New Technology Revolutionizes Food Delivery"A breakthrough in autonomous vehicle technology is set to revolutionize the food delivery industry. Self-driving cars equipped with cutting-edge software will soon deliver food orders directly to customers' homes. The technology aims to reduce delivery time and increase efficiency.Statements:1. Autonomous vehicle technology is expected to transform food delivery. (True/False)2. Self-driving cars will only deliver food to restaurants. (True/False)3. The primary objective of the technology is to improve delivery efficiency. (True/False)Answers:1. True2. False3. TrueConclusionEngaging in regular reading exercises based on English newspaper articles can significantly enhance one's language skills and broaden their understanding of current events. By practicing multiple-choice questions,fill-in-the-blanks exercises, and true/false statements, readers can improve their reading comprehension abilities while staying informed about a variety of topics. So, pick up a newspaper or magazine and start practicing!。
英语报刊选读试题1
英语报刊选读试题 1I. Translate the following into Chinese. (5 points for each; 30 points in total)1. Ms. Stuart says her experience with online learing was wonderful but also served to challenge one of the false ideas about Internet study: the notion that it do esn’t require as much commitment and discipline as conventional classroom courses. If anything, Stuart believes she works harder than most traditional on-site students. She says she can provide firsthand evidence that the idea that distance learning is easy is a misconception.2. The cover story of this winter’s alumni bulletin, which was designed partly by the University of California’s government relations office in Washington, was also a shrewd ploy to cement relations with Jerry Lewis, who is a key member of the House Appropriations Committee.3. Individual professors and college administrators have also been increasing their political donations, according to the Center for Responsive Politics. Gifts by university employees to presidential candidates totaled more than ＄2.4 million in the first three quarters of 2003, according to the center. The leading recipient was HowardDean, who collected ＄719, 000, and close behind was George W. Bush, who received ＄680, 000.4. In effect, the Bush doctrine establishes two classes of sovereignties: the sovereignty of the United States, which takes precedence over international treaties and obligations; and the sovereignty of all other countries, which is subject to the will of the United States. This is reminiscent of Geo rge Orwell’s Animal Farm: all animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.5. Colleges and universities still shy away from organized political fundraising and campaign advertising –the stock in trade of modern lobbying. Nonprofit status or state laws prohibit many of them from engaging in it.6. Don Wise wandered into the living room of his home in Leewood one evening last Semptember. His ten-year-old son, Mike, and a 12-year- old friend were sitting in front of a large-screen television set. They were playing a vedio game they had rented called 007.II. Read the passage and choose the right answer to each question.（5 points for each; 20 points in total）Campaign strategists have agreed to focus on the Senate, where leaders hope to complete work on the budget package by May 1. “We felt that if the Senate defeated the proposal, it would not even come up in the House,” says John Rother, legislative director for the 18-million-member American Association of Retired persons.Targeted mainly are Republicans, who control the Senate, with particular emphasis on the 21 who face re-election next year. The next election looms l arge in the lobbyists’ strategy. “We shall not forget if Congress behaves in an unfriendly fashion to the senior citizens of the United States,” warns Jacob Clay man, president of the NCSC, which represents 4.5 million persons. “We shall remember—and 1986 is just around the corner.”Eric Shulman, legislative director for the NCSC, explains: “Those up for reelection will have their ears closest to the ground—and we are making as much of a rumble as we can. We see this issue being won or lost not in Washington but out in the countryside.” Adds Arthur Flemming, former U. S. commissioner on aging and now a lobbyist for the elderly:” “It’s the grass roots that convey the message most effectively.”1．In the sentence“…… where leaders hope to complete… ,”leaders refer to .A．House leaders B．floor leadersC．Congressional D．Senate leaders2．In the sentence “… it would not even come up in the House …,”the House ref ers to .A．the House of CommonsB．the House of RepresentativesC．the House of LordsD．the Senate3．Why does the author say, “Targarted mainly are Republicans who cantrol the Senate …?”It is .A．so said because the Democrats hold more seats in the SenateB．so said because the Republicans hold more seats in the SenateC．so said because the Republicans hold fewer seats in the SenateD．so said because the Republicans Party holds more congressional seats4．In the sentence “It’s the gras s roots that convey the message most effectively,”grass roots refer to .A．ordinary citizens or voters B．basic structuresC．politicians D．CongressmenIII．Read the following and answer questions.（10 points for each; 50 points in total）Blacks’ history in America (1660—1860)American Blacks are without doubt all of African origin. The first group of 20 Blacks sold to English settlers of Virginia in 1619 were brought in by a Dutch ship. From that time to the mid-19th century, some 14 million blacks were transported from West Africa to Virginia and other southern colonies of the New World. Almost all of themwere sold into slavery and subjected to white rule. Not only would they work for their masters as slaves for life but their descendants would also become slaves the moment they were born.Of course no person would have voluntarily chosen to be sold away from his native country. He was either sold by his own rulers or captured by white slave traders as portrayed in Alex Hale y’s noval Roots. Some of the details in Haley’s story were similar to those in other books. The kidnapping of slaves and their miserable life under the supervision of slave owners and overseers existed and the conditions on the voyage from Africa to Americ a were horrible. The slaves’ bodies were bound together and their limbs either tied or chained with shackles like Kunta, an important character in Roots. The air in the holds was filthy with the smell of sweat, vormit and body waste. When they caught infections diseases, many slaves died on the voyage. Some even died of flogging or starvation. It was said that only about half slaves could survive the voyage. Though some survived, the fate of those survivors was no better than being sold at auction like animals.After 1700, a large number of Africans arrived in America. In the first half of the century, they made up 20 percent of the colonial population. Many of them were in the southern colonies. They worked either on plantations or in houses. Then in 1793, the invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney resulted in a new demand for more slaves as it provided an inexpensive method of separating cotton seeds from fibres. With the increase in cotton acreage, slavery persisted in the South and became the foundation of its economy.Slavery was anyhow a moral evil. It was inhuman and was also an institution restricting the development of industry. Many people, mostly people in the North desired an immediate end to the evil institution so that they would be able to develop industry. Some assumed that the only way to solve the problem was to ship all Blacks back to Africa. With the aid of such leading figures as James Monroe (president), John Marshall (Supreme Court justice), Henry Clay and Daniel Webster (senators),t hey established the American Colonization Society in the 1820’s. This organization was finally successful in getting some land in West Africa for those willing to go back home, thus forming the new nation: the Republic of Liberia, the place of freedom. They named its capital Monrovia after the U. S. president at the time. However, the resettlement policy did little to solve the dilemma. No more than 15,000 Blacks returned to Africa between 1821 and 1860; most of the others preferred to stay in the places they had been born. Those rejecting the policy of being sent home claimed American citizenship on the ground that they were Americans by birth so that they were entitled to the rights set forth in the Declaration of independence.Questions:1．How did the first group of Blacks arrive in America?2．Describe the voyage to America for the slaves on the ship.3．Where did many of the slaves settle? why ?4．What solution did President Monroe propose to solve the problem of slavery? 5．What does the Republic of Liberia mean?附：参考答案I. Translate the following into Chinese. (5 points for each; 30 points in total)1. 斯图亚特女士说她在线学习的经历（经验）很有意义，但也能挑战关于网上学习的一个不实的看法，即认为网上学习不需要像传统课堂上课那样的身心投入和纪律约束的想法。
英语报刊测试题及答案
英语报刊测试题及答案一、词汇与语法选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The company has decided to ________ its employees with a 10% pay rise.A. rewardB. reward forC. reward withD. reward of答案：C2. Despite the heavy rain, the match ________.A. went offB. went onC. went outD. went through答案：B3. The new law will come into ________ next month.A. effectB. affectC. effortD. afford答案：A4. She ________ her success to hard work and good luck.A. owedB. owed toC. owesD. owes to答案：C5. The manager asked his secretary to ________ the meeting.A. take a photo ofB. take a note ofC. take a break fromD. take a look at答案：B6. The children were ________ by the magician's tricks.A. amazedB. amazed atC. amazingD. amazing at答案：A7. The police are ________ the possibility of foul play in the case.A. looking intoB. looking forC. looking outD. looking up答案：A8. The project was ________ due to lack of funding.A. called offB. called forC. called inD. called on答案：A9. She ________ the room with a new carpet and some paintings.A. decoratedB. decorated withC. decorationD. decoration with答案：B10. The team ________ the championship for the third time ina row.A. wonB. won forC. won toD. won with答案：A二、阅读理解题（每题3分，共30分）阅读下面的短文，然后回答11-15题。
英美报刊选读模拟卷
英美报刊选读模拟卷 Document number：NOCG-YUNOO-BUYTT-UU986-1986UT《英美报刊选读》模拟卷考试形式：闭卷考试时间：90分钟I. Translate the following terms into Chinese.( 30×1′= 30′)1．Blue Berets poll3. same-sex marriage 4．discount store5. property tax7. elevated highways superhighway9. cellular phone 10. talk showII. Translate the following sentences. ( 5×6′= 30′)long as people feel embarrassed, restrained or openly criticized for using a particular language, it’s only natural for them to want to avoid continuing to do what’s causing a negative response, whether it’s something overt like having your mouth washed out or more subtle like discrimination.the United States and Australia in past decades, the government forced native peoples to abandon their languages through vehicles such as boarding schools that punished youth for speaking a traditional tongue.the time of last week’s election, she had won over all but the most partisan of critics.messaging is being used effectively by two colleges in West Yorkshire as a way of communicating with students. As well as sending them reminders about lessons and dealines, the phones are being used for learning games and revision exercises.meeting certainly produced more than the usual photo ops and spin– and its participants did not go away yelling at one another as they have in the past.VIII. Reading Comprehension ( 20×2′=40′)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage one: Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race PrejudiceIn some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence – as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is reallyfrightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us. Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other’s problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. ‘Talk, talk, talk,’ the advoc ates of violence say, ‘all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.’ It’s rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser.‘Possible, my lord,’ the barrister replied, ‘none the wiser, but surely far better informed.’ Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.1. What is the best title for this passage？A) Advocating Violence.B) Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice.C) Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution.D) The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence.2. Recorded history has taught us ___________A) violence never solves anything. B) nothing.C) the bloodshed means nothing. D) everything.3. It can be inferred that truly reasonable men _____________A) can’t get a hearing. B) are looked down upon.C) are persecuted. D) Have difficulty in advocating law enforcement.4. “He was none the wiser” means ________________A) he was not at all wise in listening.B) He was not at all wiser than nothing before.C) He gains nothing after listening.D) He makes no sense of the argument.5. According the author the best way to solve race prejudice is _____________A) law enforcement. B) knowledge.C) nonviolence. D) Mopping up the violent mess.Passage two: Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.THE elephants of Thailand used never to be short of work hauling timber. But most of the country's forests have been cut down, and logging is now banned to save the few that are left. The number of domesticated elephants left in the country is now only 2,500 or so, down from about 100,000 a century ago. Though being the national animal of Thailand earns an elephant plenty of respect, this does not put grass on the table. Thai elephants thesedays take tourists on treks or perform in circuses, and are sometimes to be seen begging for bananas on the streets of Bangkok.Some of the 46 elephants living at the Thai Elephant Conservation Centre, a former government logging camp near Lampang, have found a new life in music. The Thai Elephant Orchestra is the creation of two Americans, Richard Lair, who has worked with Asian elephants for 23 years, and David Soldier, a musician and neuroscientist with a taste for the avant-garde. They provided s ix of the center’s elephants, aged seven to 18, with a variety of percussion and wind instruments. Those familiar with Thai instruments will recognize the slit drums, the gong, the bow bass, the xylophone-like rants, as well as the thunder sheet. The only difference is that the elephant versions are a bit sturdier.Some of the elephants in the band have also tried their hand at painting, tending to favor the abstract over the representational style. Their broad-stroke acrylic paintings last year helped raise some $25,000 at a charity auction at Christie's in New York, and a London gallery has also taken some of their work. These art sales, together with profits from the CD, are helping to keep the centre going. A second CD is on the way. It will be less classical, more pop.1. The elephants of Thailand now are short of the work they used to do because_____________A) they are trained to take tourists on trek.B) they are trained to play music.C) the forest-cutting is illegalD) there is not enough timber for them to haul.2. The author’s attitude towards these elephants is _______________.A) astonished B) indescribable C) supportive D) appreciative3. The two American created the Orchestra in order to ___________A) earn money B) protect elephantsC) enjoy themselves D) none of the above4. “trumpet” in the 3rd paragraph refers to ____________A) jump B) shriek C) move D) shake5. The elephants do not make money from ___________A) getting charity from visitors B) selling their paintingsC) selling their own CDs D) all their entertainment workPassage three: Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Federal Reserve System, central banking system of the United States, popularly called the Fed. A central bank serves as the banker to both the banking community and the government; it also issues the national currency, conducts monetary policy, and plays a major role in supervision and regulation of banks and bank holding companies. In the . these functions are the responsibilities of key officials of the Federal Reserve System: the Board of Governors, located in Washington, ., and the top officers of the 12 district Federal Reserve banks, located throu ghout the nation. The Fed’s actions, described below, generally have a significant effect on the . interest rates and, subsequently, on stock, bond, and other financial markets.The Federal Reserve’s basic powers are concentrated in the Board of Governors, which is paramount in all policy issues concerning bank regulation and supervision and in mostaspects of monetary control. The board enunciates the Fed’s policies on both monetary and banking matters. Because the board is not an operating agency, most of the day-to-day implementation of policies decisions is left to the district Federal Reserve banks, stock in which is owned by the commercial banks that are members of the Federal Reserve System. Ownership in this instance, however, does not imply control the Board of Governors and the heads of the Reserve banks orient their policies to the public interest rather than to the benefit of the private banking system.The . banking system’s regulatory apparatus is complex; the authority of the Federal Reserve is shared in some instances for example, in mergers or the examination of banks with other federal agencies such as the Comptroller of the Currency and the Federal Deposit Insurance Cooperation (FDIC). In the critical area of regulating the nation’s money supply in accordance with national economic goals, however, the Federal Reserve is independent within the government. Income and expenditures of the Federal Reserve banks and of the Board of Governors are not subject to the congressional appropriation process; the Federal Reserve is subject to the congressional appropriation process; the Federal Reserve is self-financing. Its income ($ billion in 1992) comes mainly from Reserve bank holdings of income-earning securities, primarily those of the . government. Outlays ($ billion in 1992) are mostly for operational expenses in providing services to the government and for expenditures connected with regulation and monetary policy. In 1992 the Federal Reserve returned $ billion in earnings to the . Treasury.Fed of the United States____.A) functions as China BankB) is the counterpart of People’s Bank of ChinaC) is subject to the banking community and governmentD) has 13 top officers who can influence the American financial marketfact that stock in the Fed belongs to commercial banks____.A) doesn’t mean the latter is in controlB) means the latter is in cC) means the latter is subjected to the Reserve banksD) means the Reserve banks orient the latter’s policiesof the following statements is NOT true according to the passageA) The Fed is a very big, complex and significant system which comprises many local banks.B) All the commercial banks are not the components of Federal Reserve System.C) Board of Governors is the supreme policy-makers of Federal Reserve System.D) District Reserve banks rather than Board of Governors perform the day to day policies.4. The authority of the Federal Reserve____.A) has to be shared with other establishmentsisB) is exclusive at other timesC) isn’t limited by comptroller of the Currency and FDICD) is limited by Board of Governors5. Income of the Board of Governors____.A) is borrowed from the . TreasuryB) is used by the government to make various policiesC) comes from the . TreasuryD) is not granted by the governmentPassage four: Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universe sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies (or friends) in the absence of language.Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in a people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groups including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions. The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense. Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles ("feedback") are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person's facial expression can influence that person's emotional state. Consider Darwin's words: "The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions." Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to angerPsychological research has given rise to some interesting findings concerning the facial-feedback hypothesis. Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report more positive feelings and to rate cartoons (humorous drawings of people or situations) as being more humorous. When they are caused to frown, they rate cartoons as being more aggressive.What are the possible links between facial expressions and emotion One link is arousal, which is the level of activity or preparedness for activity in an organism. Intense contraction of facial muscles, such as those used in signifying fear, heightens arousal. Self-perception of heightened arousal then leads to heightened emotional activity. Other links may involvechanges in brain temperature and the release of neurotransmitters (substances that transmit nerve impulses.) The contraction of facial muscles both influences the internal emotional state and reflects it. Ekman has found that the so-called Duchenne smile, which is characterized by "crow's feet" wrinkles around the eyes and a subtle drop in the eye cover fold so that the skin above the eye moves down slightly toward the eyeball, can lead to pleasant feelings.Ekman's observation may be relevant to the British expression "keep a stiff upper lip" as a recommendation for handling stress. It might be that a "stiff" lip suppresses emotional response-as long as the lip is not quivering with fear or tension. But when the emotion that leads to stiffening the lip is more intense, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedback may heighten emotional response.1. The word despondent in the passage is closest in meaning to __________A) curious B) unhappyC) thoughtful D) uncertain2. The author mentions "Baring the teeth in a hostile way" in order to ____________A) differentiate one possible meaning of a particular facial expression from other meanings of itB) support Darwin's theory of evolutionC) provide an example of a facial expression whose meaning is widely understoodD) contrast a facial expression that is easily understood with other facial expressions3. The word concur in the passage is closest in meaning to ____________A) estimate B) agreeC) expect D) understand4. According to paragraph 2, which of the following was true of the Fore people ofNew GuineaA) They did not want to be shown photographs.B) They were famous for their story-telling skills.C) They knew very little about Western culture.D) They did not encourage the expression of emotions.5. According to the passage, what did Darwin believe would happen to human emotions that were not expressedA) They would become less intense.B) They would last longer than usual.C) They would cause problems later.D) They would become more negative.英美报刊选读A卷答案I. Translate the following terms into Chinese.( 30×1′= 30′)1. 蓝色贝雷帽（联合国维持和平部队）2.民意调查3. 同性恋者婚姻4．折扣店 5.财产税 6.不可雇佣的人 7.高架铁路8信息高速公路 9. 移动电话 10.访谈节目II. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. ( 5×6′= 30′)1．只要是因为使用某种特定的语言让人们感觉到尴尬，拘谨或者公然遭到谴责，那他们很自然地就想要避免继续做正在导致负面反应的事情，不管是像让你讲话变得文明这样公开的还是像歧视这样更为具体的事情。
英语报刊选读试题3
英语报刊选读试题3 work Information Technology Company.2020YEAR英语报刊选读试题 3I. Translate the following items into Chinese. (2 points for each from 1 to 15; 5 points for 16 and 17 respectively; 40 points in total)1. as a tribute to a distinguished graduate2. three years in a row3. a double-digit cut in critical defense research programs4. political lobbying5. electoral college6. harmless entertainment7. have a real problem separating reality from fantasy8. capital punishment9. cram for an exam10. Higher Education Act11. a fellow stude nt of Fisher’s12. the give-and-take of the traditional classroom13. a standard brick-and-mortar university14．Predicting the future takes insight and dedication.15. worth a lot of money for a lot of people16. Don Wise wandered into the living room of his home in Leewood one evening last Semptember. His ten-year-old son, Mike, and a 12-year- old friend were sitting in front of a large-screen television set. They were playing a vedio game they had rented called 007.17. Ms. Stuart says her experience with online learing was wonderful but also served to challenge one of the false ideas about Internet study: the notion that it doesn’trequire as much commitment and discipline as conventional classroom courses. If anything, Stuart believes she works harder than most traditional on-site students. She says she can provide firsthand evidence that the idea that distance learning is easy is a misconception.II. Read the short passages and choose the best answer. (2 points for each; 20 points in total)(A)SAN JUAN, Puerto Rico. Howling "like a million ghosts", a hurricane with an eye bigger than the islands it threatened blew into the Caribbean on Tuesday with winds that peaked at 170 miles an hour (270 kilometers an hour).The hurricane, designated Luis, straddled the Lesser Antilles and the Leeward Islands and moved westward toward Puerto Rico, Dominica and Cuba.The full force of the storm, estimated at 700 miles wide, was expected to strike Puerto Rico on Wednesday.High seas a hundred miles away it killed a French tourist in Guadeloupe."I've been in hurricanes, but I've never been in anything this strong before," said Scott Stripling, a meteorologist at the National Weather Service in San Juan.With confirmed wind gusts of up to 160 miles an hour and an eye 60 miles wide, the hurricane threatened even more devastation than the destructive hurricane named Hugo in 1989.As the hurricane bore down Tuesday on Barbuda, a tiny island of 1,400 people, winds of at least 146 miles an hour knocked out US wind measuring instruments on neighboring Antigua, 25 miles to the south. There was an unofficial report of gusts up to 175 miles an hour on Antigua."It's like a million ghosts howling outside," said Jackie Butler, who teaches in Davie, in south Florida. She got caught while vacationing in Barbuda with her husband and five children, including their 2-month-old daughter.Antigua government radio went off the air early Tuesday. Listeners switched to the Baptist station, Radio Lighthouse, which continued broadcasting warnings and news that some roofs had been blown off and many telephone lines downed.1. A storm with winds of up to 170 miles an hour the Caribbean.A. blew intoB. is expected to threatenC. moved westwards towards2. The hurricane, named could be more destructive than the one in 1989.A. LiusB. HugoC. Barbuda3. Winds knocked out .A. a French touristB. a US meteorologistC. US wind-measuring instruments4. Jackie Butler in Barbuda.A. got caught in the hurricaneB. was staying with her childrenC. teaches5. continued broadcasting warnings and news.A. The government radioB. The Baptist stationC. National Weather Service（B）CORTE, Corsica - A Corsican nationalist was shot dead and his wife was badly wounded here Thursday, bringing to three the number of pro-independence militants killed in less than 24 hours.Noel Sargentini, about 30 years old, was killed when two gunmen opened fire as he drove his car in this northern Corsican town. Both he and his wife, Dominique, were members of the Cuncolta Nziunalista, one of the two main nationalist movements campaigning for independence from France.The police said the Sargentinis were overtaken by another car that blocked the road. Two gunmen got out and fired through the couple's windshield.Mr. Sargentini died from bullets to the head and chest. His wife was hit by two bullets in the hip but was said to be out of danger.Ten people have been shot and killed this year, seven of them since July 13, in a growing feud between the Cuncolta and its rival, the Movement for Self-Determination. The two groups are off-shoots of the banned Corsican National Liberation Front.In the northern port of Bastia Wednesday evening, Pierre Albertini, 34, was killed in a gun battle in which he managed to wound one of his assailants fatally.Mr. Albertini, a member of the Movement for Self-Determination, was walking on a main street when three cars pulled up in front of him and the occupants began shooting. He fired back with his Uzi machine-pistol and wounded one of them, Pierre Duriani,24, before being hit in the heart. Mr. Duriani, a Cuncolta militant, died later in a hospital.6. shot dead on Thursday.A. A Corsican nationalist wasB. A Corsican couple wereC. Three Corsican nationalists were7. as he drove his car in a northern Corsican town.A. Two gunmen opened fire at Noel Sargentini's wifeB. Noel Sargentini was killedC. Two gunmen shot Noel Sargentini dead8. There is a growing feud between .A. the Cuncolta and the Corsican National Liberation FrontB. the Movement for self-Determination and Corsican National Liberation FrontC. the Cuncoita and the Movement for Self-Determination9. On Wednesday evening, a gun battle also killed .A. a manB. two menC. seven people10. began shooting at Albertini as he was walking on a main street.A. Three menB. The occupants in the three carsC. Three cars stopped and peopleIII. Read the following passage and choose the best answer.(4 points for each; 20 points in total)Lessons of Heart Disease, Learned and Ignored‘Time Is Muscle’At least half of all patients never call an ambulance. Instead, in the throes of a heart attack, they drive themselves to the emergency room or are driven there by a friend or family member. Or they take a taxi. Or they walk.Patients often say they were embarrassed by the thought of an ambulance arriving at their door.“Calling 911 seems like such a project,” Mr. Orr said. “I reserve it for car accidents and exploding appliances. I feel like if I can walk and talk and breathe I should just get here.”It is an understandable response, but one that can be fatal, cardiologists say.“If you come to the hospital unannounced or if you drive yourself there, (1) you’re burning time,” Dr. Antman said. “And time is muscle,” he added, meaning that (2) heart muscle is dying as the minutes tick away.There may be false alarms, Dr. Sopko said.“But it is better to be checked out and find out it’s not a problem than to have a problem and not have the therapy,” he said.Calling an ambulance promptly is only part of the issue, heart researchers say. There also is the question of how, or even whether, the patient gets either of two types of treatment to open the blocked arteries, known as reperfusion therapy.One is to open arteries with a clot-dissolving drug like TPA, for tissue plasminogen activator.“These have been breakthrough therapies,” said Dr. Joseph P. Ornato, a cardiologist and emergency medicine specialist who is medical director for the Cityof Richmond, Va. “But the hooker is that even the best of the clot buster drugs typically only open up 60 to 70 percent of blocked arteries — nowhere close to 100 percent.”The drugs also make patients vulnerable to bleeding, Dr. Ornato said.One in 200 patients bleeds into the brain, having a stroke from the treatment meant to save the heart.The other way is with (3) angioplasty, the procedure Mr. Orr got. Cardiologists say it is the preferred method under ideal circumstances.(4) Stents have recently been questioned for those who are just having symptoms like shortness of breath. In those cases, drugs often work as well as stents. But during a heart attack or in the early hours afterward, stents are the best way to open arteries and prevent damage. That, though, requires a cardiac catheterization laboratory, practiced doctors and staff on call 24 hours a day. The result is that few get this treatment.“We now are seeing really phenomenal results in experienced hands,” Dr. Ornato said. “We can open 95 to 96 percent of arteries, and bleeding in the brain is vi rtually unheard of. It’s a safer route if it is done by very experienced people and if it is done promptly. Those are big ifs.”The ifs were not a problem for Mr. Orr. His decision to go to Brigham and Women’s Hospital proved exactly right. But he did not know that when he chose the hospital — he chose it because (5) his doctor was affiliated with Brigham.1. “You are burning time” meansA you are wasting timeB you are using timeC you are flaming time2. “heart muscle is d ying as the minutes tick away” means except __ __.A. As time slip by, the heart muscle stop its working.B . As every minute pass by, the heart muscle becomes weaker.C. As time goes on, the heart muscle lose its function suddenly.3. Which of the following is False?A. The cardiologist is not in favor of the idea that patients drive themselves to the hospital.B. Patients feel it is a shame to call 9.11.C. Calling an ambulance promptly is the most important thing when the heart attacks.4. Which of the following is true according to the passageA. During a heart attack or in the early hours afterward, stents work as well as drugs.B. The preferred method under ideal circumstances is with angioplasty.C. Doctors are seeing really temporary results in experienced people.5. “ his doctor was affiliated with Brigham” means .A. His doctor was angry with Brigham.B. His doctor inferior to Brigham.C. His doctor has connection with BrighamIV. Read the following passage and then translate the underlined sentences. (4 points for each; 20 points in total)Lobbyists Out of Shadows into The SpotlightRecent years have seen an exploration in the number of advocates hired by corporations, labor unions, individuals and other special interests who want to influence actions of the White House, Congress and regulatory agencies Who are these people How do they earn their pay How effective are theyLobbying, a practice as old as the nation’s government, got its name from the cozy relationship struck up in lobbies of the Capitol and nearby hotels between members of Congress and those seeking favor.. In the early days, companies would often seal the vote of a politician by simply putting him on retainer.(1) Lobbyists quickly developed an unsavory reputation of being bagmen who conducted the people’s business around the poker table. Despite periodic scandals and demands for reform, Congress has been reluctant to tamper with laws guaranteeing the right of citizens to petition the government.(2)Lobbyists come in a variety of guises, but lawyers, trade-association representatives and public relations consultants dominates the field.(3)A number of lobbyists previously served in key government posts. The roster includes more than 300 former member of Congress, cabinet and White House officials and congressional aides.Lobby firms come in all sizes. For every large lobbying firm doing business out of a plushy downtown building, there are scores of tiny operations that often deal in specialized issues. Stanley Brand says of h is small outfits: “We can be a lot more efficient than the large firms, and some clients aren’t always interested in the large hitters.Lobbying is big money. A high-powered organization will charge an annual retainer of $ 200,000 or more. To put a premium on winning, some contracts include “success bonus” clauses. With millions or even billions of dollars on the line in bills before Congress, the stake run high.Lobbyists often are hired not so much to influence officials as to find out what is going on in Washington that could affect a client. Mounting a drive to get voters to work on members of Congress through letters, telephone calls and personal visits can have enormous impact.Lobbying is a two-way street. When they are not busy trying to sway the views of politicians, the lobbyists are engaged in raising campaign money for those same politicians. Lobbyists, like members of most professions, have their intramural quarrels..Where lobbyists used to avoid notoriety and preferred to work behind the scenes, many seek publicity as a useful tool. The Watergate era put a stop to all the underground games being played, so they came out of the closet. (4) Whether they work offstage or in the spotlight, lobbyists promise to continue exerting a powerful influenc e as long as there’s a Washington.（5）(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)附：参考答案I. Translate the following items into Chinese. (2 points for each from 1 to 15; 5 points for 16 and 17 respectively; 40 points in total)1. 作为对一位著名毕业生表达敬意的方式2. 连续三年3. 关键防卫研究项目上两位数的削减4. 政治游说5. 选举团6. 无害的娱乐7. 实在难以分清现实与幻想8. 死刑，极刑9. 突击学习备考10. 高等教育法11. 费舍尔的一个同学12. 传统课堂的师生交流13. 标准的现实学校14．预测未来需要洞察力和专注15. 对许多人来说，需要花很多钱16. 去年九月的一个傍晚唐怀斯走进自己在李武德的家里的客厅。
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福建广播电视大学2014—2015学年度第二学期“开放专科”期末考试英语报刊选读模拟试题2015年7月I. Translate the following into Chinese 40%1. Popular vote2. Joint venture3. Cover Story4. most favor nation trading status5. Stealth Bomber6. Lobbyist7. The House of Lord8. the House of Commons9. Senate10. Secretary of StateII. Read the following passage and then choose the right answer to each question 30%GOING BACK AND GETTING IT RIGHTBy almost every measure, Paul Pfingst is an unsentimental prosecutor. Last week the San Diego County district attorney said he fully intends to try suspect Charles Andrew Williams, 15, as an adult for the Santana High School shootings. Even before the tragedy, Pfingst had stood behind the troversial California law that mandates treating murder suspects as young as 14 as adults.So nobody would have wagered that Pfingst would also be the first D.A. in the U.S. to launch his very own Innocence Project. Yet last June, Pfingst told his attorneys to go back over old murder and rape victions and see if any unravel with newly developed DNA-testing tools. In other words, he wanted to revisit past victories--this time playing for the other team. "I think people misunderstand being servative for being biased," says Pfingst. "I sider myself a pragmatic guy, and I have no interest in putting innocent people in jail."Around the U.S., flabbergasted defense attorneys and their jailed clients cheered his move. Among prosecutors, however, there was an awkward pause. After all, each DNA test costs as much as $5,000. Then there's the unspoken risk: if dozens of innocents turn up, the D.A. will have indicted his shop.But nine months later, no budgets have been busted or prosecutors ousted. Only the rare case merits review. Pfingst's team siders victions before 1993, when the city started routine DNA testing. They discard cases if the defendant has been released. Of the 560 remaining files, they have re-examined 200, looking for cases with biological evidence and defendants who still claim innocence.They have identified three so far. The most compelling involves a man serving 12 years for molesting a girl who was playing in his apartment. But others were there at the time. Police found a small drop of saliva on the victim's shirt--too small a sample to test in 1991. Today that spot could free a man. Test results are due any day. Inspired by San Diego, 10 other counties in the U.S. are starting DNA audits. By Amanda Ripley ez ncisco sijevic rtwell; Lisa McLaughlin; Joseph Pierro; Josh Tyrangiel and Sora Song注（1）本文选自Time; 03/19/2001, V ol. 157 Issue 11, p62, 1p, 2c, 3bw注（2）prosecutor n.检察官,检察员,起诉人,原告troversial adj.争论的, 争议的mandate v.批准制订一个训令，如通过法律；发布命令或要求：wager v.下赌注, 保证viction n.定罪, 宣告有罪unravel v. 阐明, 解决flabbergast v.<口>使大吃一惊, 哑然失色, 使目瞪口呆indict v.起诉, 控告, 指控, 告发bust v.破产或缺钱oust v.剥夺, 取代, 驱逐discard v.抛开；遗弃；废弃molest v.骚乱, 困扰, 调戏saliva n.口水, 唾液1. How did Pfingst carry out his own Innocence Project?[A]By getting rid of his bias against the suspects.[B]By revisiting the past victories.[C]By using the newly developed DNA-testing tools.[D]By his cooperation with his attorneys.2. Which of the following can be an advantage of Innocence Project?[A]To help correct the wrong judgments.[B]To oust the unqualified prosecutors.[C]To make the prosecutors in an awkward situation.[D]To cheer up the defense attorneys and their jailed clients.3. The expression “flabbergasted”(Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably means _______.[A]excited[B]competent[C]embarrassed[D]astounded4. Why was Pfingst an unsentimental prosecutor?[A]He intended to try a fifteen-year old suspect.[B]He had no interest in putting the innocent in jail.[C]He supported the troversial California law.[D]He wanted to try suspect as young as fourteen.5. Which of the following is not true according to the text?[A]Pfingst’s move didn’t have a great coverage.[B] Pfingst’s move had both the positive and negative effect.[C] Pfingst’s move didn’t work well.[D]Pfingst’s move greatly encouraged the jailed prisoners.III. Translate the following into Chinese 30%Or maybe astronomers will have to rethink their definition of "planet." Just because we put heavenly objects into categories doesn't mean the distinctions are necessarily valid. And as Tremaine puts it, "When your classification schemes start breaking down, you know you're learning something exciting. This is wonderful stuff."英语报刊选读参考答案I. Translate the following into Chinese 40%1. 普选票2. 联营体3. 由封面图片引出的某期主要文章或专题报道4. 最惠国贸易地位5. 隐形轰炸机6. 员外活动人员，政治说客7. 贵族院，上院8. 平民院，下院9. 参议院10. 国务卿II. Read the following passage and then choose the right answer to each question 30%答案：C A D B CIII. Translate the following into Chinese 30%也许天文学家们必须重新思考他们对于“行星”的定义。