复旦大学本科期末考试试卷规范
上海市复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试化学试卷(A卷)(含答案)
上海市复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试化学试题(A 卷)考生注意：1.试卷满分100分，考试时间90分钟。
2.本考试分设试卷和答题纸。
答题前，务必在答题纸上填涂班级、姓名、学号。
3.选择类试题中，标注“不定项”的试题，每小题有1~2个正确选项；标注“双选”的试题，有2个正确选项；未特别标注的试题，每小题只有1个正确选项。
相对原子质量：H-1 O-16 Na-23 Al-27 S-32 Cl-35.5 Fe-56 Ba-137一、海水中的卤素资源(本题共21分)氯、溴、碘等均可通过开发海洋资源获得，这些元素的单质及其化合物在人类的生产生活中发挥着极为重要的作用。
1. 科学家发现一种新的溴原子，其原子核中含有35个质子和48个中子，写出该核素的化学符号___________。
核电荷数为17的卤素的简单负离子的电子式为___________。
2. 海水中获得的粗盐含有较多的杂质。
为除去粗盐中的、、，向粗盐溶液中依次加入稍过量的NaOH 溶液、___________，过滤后，再向滤液中加入适量___________，再蒸发。
3. 室温下，甲同学配制5%的溶液100g ，乙同学配制的溶液100mL(的溶解度为水)，下列说法正确的是A. 所需溶质的质量相同B. 所需仪器均包括100mL 容量瓶C. 所配溶液均为不饱和溶液D. 所配溶液质量相同4. 如图是NaClO 的发生装置。
该装置主要利用了电解饱和食盐水的原理，可实现对海水的消毒和灭藻。
2Ca +2Mg +24SO -NaCl 10.5mol L -⋅NaCl NaCl 36g /100g（1）写出该装置产生NaClO 的化学方程式___________，___________。
（2）海水中含有、、等杂质离子，处理过程中装置的___________极(填电极名称)易产生水垢，其主要成分是和。
若每隔5-10min 将电源正负极反接，可有效地解决结垢问题，请解释其中的原因：___________。
2022年复旦大学财务管理专业《管理学》科目期末试卷A(有答案)
2022年复旦大学财务管理专业《管理学》科目期末试卷A（有答案）一、选择题1、当企业发现自己生产的产品存在安全隐患时，主动召回该产品是在实践（）。
A．社会响应 B．道德准则C．社会义务 D．社会责任2、关于计划的实际效果，许多管理学家都进行过仔细研究，其基本结论是（）。
A．制定正式计划的组织比不制定正式计划的组织绩效要好B．制定正式计划的组织不一定就有好的绩效C．制定正式计划会降低组织的灵活性D．好的计划可以消除变化3、科学管理的产生是管理从经验走向理论的标志，下面哪个选项不属于科学管理对管理发展的贡献？（）A．组织设计优化 B．时间和动作的研究C．任务管理 D．作业人员与管理者的分工协调4、当一个管理者组织制订公司战略以寻求企业进一步发展时，他扮演的管理角色是明茨伯格所说的（）。
A．领导者 B．发言人C．企业家D．混乱驾驭者5、管理中与激励问题有关的公平理论是由（）提出的。
A．马斯洛B．麦格雷戈C．赫茨伯格D．亚当斯6、依据情景领导理论，当下属有能力但无意愿干领导希望他们干的工作时，以下哪种领导风格最为合适？（）A．告知 B．推销 C．参与 D．授权7、决定是否与另一个组织合并，如何重组以提高效率，或是否关闭一个亏损的工厂，这些都是典型的（）。
A．确定型决策 B．非程序化决策C．例常型决策 D．重复性决策8、某电器公司决定采取收购方式进入家用空调产业，以分散经营风险，从战略层次或类型的角度看，该战略属于（）。
A．公司层战略 B．事业层战略 C．职能层战略 D．技术运作层战略9、公司产品设计部接受了一项紧急任务，该任务的完成需要进行严密的控制，同时又要争取时间和速度。
在这种情况下，最适合采用哪种沟通网络？（）A．Y式沟通网络 B．全通道式沟通网络C．轮式沟通网络 D．环式沟通网络10、竞争优势是使组织别具一格和有与众不同的特色，这种与众不同的特色来自组织的（）。
A．战略 B．结构 C．文化 D．核心能力二、名词解释11、管理万能论12、有限理性决策13、人际关系角色14、创造力（Creativity）与创新（Innovation）15、团队结构16、组织17、战略管理18、强制权三、简答题19、为什么玻璃天花板效应对女性和少数群体是一种障碍？20、简述计划与控制的关系。
复旦大学管理学院概率论考试试卷2007年B卷
令：Sn =
n i=1
Xi。
（i）求：Sn的分布列；
（ii）证明：√1n [
n k=1
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−
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→
∞时，渐近标准正态分布。
装 订 线 内 不 要 答 题
A卷共 6 页 第 5 页
学号
姓名
六 （20分）（注：该题缓考的同学做，补考的同学不需要做）
设二维随机向量(X, Y )服从二维正态分布N (0, 0, 1, 1, r)。证明：
则limn→∞ P ( √1n
n i=1
Xi
>
√n)
=
。
√
5. 设X是任意随机变量，且其方差DX有限，则P (|X − EX| > 3 DX) ≤ 。
6. 设随机变量X服从t(m)分布，则随机变量Y = X2服从
分布。
A卷共 6 页 第 1 页
学号
姓名
二 （12分）掷三颗子，求所得的三个点数中最大的一个恰好是最小的个的两倍的概 率。
内
不
1. 设随机事件A, B互不相容，则P (A|B)= 。
要
2. 设二维随机向量(X, Y )服从二维正态分布N (1, 1, 1, 4, −0.2)，则D[2X −3Y ] = 。
答
题
3. 设事件A, B相互独立，且A与B互不相容，则P (A)P (B) = 。
4. 设{Xn, n ≥ 1}是 相 互 独 立、同 分 布 的 随 机 变 量 序 列，且EX1 = 1, DX1 = 1。
A卷共 6 页 第 2 页
《概率论》2008.1.16 三 （24分）设X, Y 是独立、同分布的随机变量，同服从(0, 1)上的均匀分布。
（i）求U = X/Y 的分布密度与分布函数； （ii）求随机变量U 的均值EU 和方差DU。
复旦大学经济学院投资学原理
复旦大学经济学院2013～2014学年第二学期期末考试试卷B卷（共 3 页）课程名称：投资学原理课程代码： ECON130031.01开课院系：经济学院考试形式：闭卷姓名：学号：专业：一、选择题（单选或多选:4’*5=20’）1、下列表达正确的是：A. a大于0时，某证券处于SML线的上方，则该证券价格被高估；B.a大于0时，某证券处于SML线的上方，则该证券价格被低估；C. 若某证券价值被高估，则在系统性风险给定的前提下，它提供的预期回报率比投资者所要求的更高；D. 若某证券价值被低估，则在系统性风险给定的前提下，它提供的预期回报率比投资者所要求的更高。
2、两种资产i和j构成的资产组合中，资产组合的标准差可能降到最低的是ρ=-1；A.ijρ=0；B.ijρ=0.3；C.ijρ=1。
D.ij3、相对成长股而言，下列哪些属于价值型股票的特征：A. 低P/B；B. 低P/E；C. 高股息率；D.高EPS增长率。
4、某一股票看跌期权空头而言，其承受的最大损失是：A.看跌期权的价格；B.执行价格；C. 股价减去看跌期权价格；D.执行价格减去看跌期权价格。
5、根据影响期权的价值因素，下列表述错误的是：A.标的资产价格越高，看跌期权的价值越高；B.无风险利率越高，看涨期权价值越高；C.资产价格波动率越高，看涨期权价值越低；D.标的资产收益越越高，看涨期权价值越高。
二、名词（4’*5=20’）1、均值-方差准则2、经济附加值（EVA）3、债券收益率曲线4、可转换债券5、权的时间价值三、计算题（15’*2=30’）1.假定你利用两因素模型去确定一只股票的预期收益，两因素及假定的风险溢价见下表，无风险利率4.8%。
（1）如果定价合理，那么这只股票的预期收益是多少？（2）假定上表的因素风险溢价不正确，真正的因素风险溢价见下表，根据真正的风险溢价计算股票的预期收益。
（3）比较（1）和（2）的答案，根据假定的风险溢价的定价是低估还是高估了？2、已知一种面值为100元，息票率为6%的债券，每年付息一次，债券期限为3年，且到期收益率为6%，求该债券的久期、修正久期、凸度。
2022年复旦大学软件工程专业《数据库原理》科目期末试卷A(有答案)
2022年复旦大学软件工程专业《数据库原理》科目期末试卷A（有答案）一、填空题1、DBMS的完整性控制机制应具备三个功能：定义功能，即______；检查功能，即______；最后若发现用户的操作请求使数据违背了完整性约束条件，则采取一定的动作来保证数据的完整性。
2、在设计局部E-R图时，由于各个子系统分别有不同的应用，而且往往是由不同的设计人员设计，所以各个局部E-R图之间难免有不一致的地方，称为冲突。
这些冲突主要有______、______和______3类。
3、如图所示的关系R的候选码为；R中的函数依赖有；R属于范式。
一个关系R4、数据库内的数据是______的，只要有业务发生，数据就会更新，而数据仓库则是______的历史数据，只能定期添加和刷新。
5、在SELECT命令中进行查询，若希望查询的结果不出现重复元组，应在SEL ECT语句中使用______保留字。
6、数据库系统在运行过程中，可能会发生各种故障，其故障对数据库的影响总结起来有两类：______和______。
7、在SQL语言中，为了数据库的安全性，设置了对数据的存取进行控制的语句，对用户授权使用____________语句，收回所授的权限使用____________语句。
8、使某个事务永远处于等待状态，得不到执行的现象称为______。
有两个或两个以上的事务处于等待状态，每个事务都在等待其中另一个事务解除封锁，它才能继续下去，结果任何一个事务都无法执行，这种现象称为______。
9、对于非规范化的模式，经过转变为1NF，______，将1NF经过转变为2NF，______，将2NF经过转变为3NF______。
10、数据模型是由______________、______________和______________三部分组成。
二、判断题11、文件系统的缺点是数据不能长期存储。
（）12、在SQL中，ALTERTABLE语句中MODIFY用于修改字段的类型和长度等，ADD用于添加新的字段。
线性代数期末试卷3
（装订线内不要答题）复旦大学信息科学与工程学院《线性代数》期终考试试卷（A卷）共9 页课程代码：INFO120007.0_考试形式：闭卷（本试卷答卷时间为120分钟，答案必须写在试卷上，做在草稿纸上无效）专业学号姓名成绩一、计算ｎ阶行列式的值：（共20分）1.xaaaaaxaaaaaxaaaaaxaaaaaxAn-⋅⋅⋅---⋅⋅⋅---⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅--⋅⋅⋅-⋅⋅⋅=（10分）2. )1(10)2(00000220000111321---⋅⋅⋅--⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅-⋅⋅⋅--⋅⋅⋅=n n n n n B n （10分）（装订线内不要答题）二、假设Frobenius矩阵：12100 010 001 0...............00 (1)nnnaaF aa---⎛⎫⎪-⎪⎪=-⎪⎪⎪-⎝⎭，其中0≠na。
（1）求逆阵1-F；（2）计算：∑∑==ninjijF11，其中ijF是行列式F第i行，第j列元素所对应的代数余子式。
（11分）三、 设4321,,,εεεε是复数域上四维线性空间V 的一组基，T 是V 上的一个线性变换，它在这组基下的矩阵为2111121111211112A ---⎛⎫⎪--- ⎪= ⎪--- ⎪---⎝⎭，即A T ),,,(),,,(43214321εεεεεεεε=。
（1）求T 的所有的特征值与特征向量；（2）求一个正交阵Q 使得AQ Q T为对角阵。
(12分)（装订线内不要答题）四、证明：任何实二次型12(,,,)Tnf x x x X AX的标准形不是唯一的，但规范形是唯一的。
（共12分）五、设,A B 分别为实数域上m 阶、n 阶方阵，试证明：（1）如果,A B 都相似于对角矩阵，则00A B ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭也相似于一个对角矩阵。
（2）设00A B ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭相似于一个对角矩阵，即存在一个可逆矩阵S ，使得 1120(,,,)0n A S S diag B λλλ-⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭。
2022年复旦大学微生物学专业《微生物学》期末试卷B(有答案)
2022年复旦大学微生物学专业《微生物学》期末试卷B(有答案）一、填空题1、解释细菌细胞膜结构和功能的学说称为______，系1972年由______ 等提出。
2、一般地说，动物病毒的核酸类型以______和______为主，植物病毒以______为主，噬菌体以______居多，而真菌病毒则都是______。
3、呼吸保护是指______菌科的菌种能以极强的______作用迅速将周围环境中的______消耗掉，使细胞周围围环境处于______状态，借此保护固氮酶。
4、微生物的营养类型可分为______、______、______和______。
5、叶绿体的构造由______、______和______三部分组成。
6、微生物代谢类型的多样性表现在：① ______，② ______，③ ______，④ ______，⑤ ______，⑥ ______，⑦ ______。
7、按照微生物与氧的关系，可把微生物分为五类：______、______、______、______和______。
8、植物根际微生物对植物有害的方面有______和______等。
9、质粒通常以共价闭合环状的超螺旋双链DNA分子存在于细胞中，但从细胞中分离的质粒大多是3种构型，即______型、______型和______ 型。
10、决定传染结局的三大因素是______、______和______。
二、判断题11、支原体与L-型细菌极其相似，但后者具有恢复形成细胞壁的能力。
（）12、用稀释摇管法分离获得的微生物均为厌氧微生物。
（）13、与乳酸发酵分成同型、异型相似，微生物的酒精发酵也有同型与异型之分。
（）14、嗜肝DNA病毒和逆转录病毒的基因组复制均存在逆转录过程。
（）15、担孢子是担子菌亚门的有性孢子，外生。
（）16、“三域学说”是根据对大量微生物DNA的测定后而提出的。
（）17、厌氧罐技术对研究严格厌氧菌是一种既十分方便又极其合适的技术。
复旦《社会医学主题英语教程》期末试卷及答案
复旦大学外文学院大学英语教学部枫林分部本科医学五年制07级2008-2009学年第一学期（2008.9-2008.12）《社会医学主题英语教程》期末考试December 29, 2008请考生填写注意事项：1．本试卷总共12页。
拿到试卷后请检查有没有印刷不清楚、破损和缺页。
如果发现上述任何一种情况，请举手示意。
2．答卷时注意书写，如果书写太潦草，要适当扣分。
W RITTEN T ESTI. LISTENING COMPREHENSION (10 %)Directions:You are going to watch a video clip TWICE, and while watching listen carefully for information. Put down your answers to the followingquestions according to the information you have heard.1.The present problem:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.The solution:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.The instructor’s expectations:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.The learners’ feedbacks:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.The instructors’ feedbacks:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________II. VOCABULARY (10 %)Directions: Fill in the blanks respectively with a word(s) according to its corresponding meaning or equivalent in Chinese.1.to _____________ (用文献证明)one’ssuccesses2.the human __________ (aspect, side)of science3.physician ______________(职业道德)4.to _________________ with (等同于)5.average life ______________ (span)6.________________ (久坐的) behavior7.primary __________________ (使命)8.to ______ (调动) the body’s defenses9.this drug of __________ (最后一招的)10.cuts and _________________ (擦伤)11.general __________________ (自满)12.good ____________________ (卫生)13.safe _____________ (镇静剂, 止痛药)14._______________ (间歇的) cellulites15.______________ (周期的) depressiveepisodes16.________________ (皮下的) atrophy17.the ___________ (法医学的) standard18._________________ (循征) medicine19.diagnostic and therapeutic _______(干涉)20.a witty, well-known ____________(专家小组)21.an aggressively _________ (好诉讼的)22.the __________ (神圣) of human life23.The weighing of _______________(choices, options)24.___________________ organs (内脏)25.fertilized _________________(体外)26.the ___________ (道德) of surrogacy27.biological ________________ (遗传)28.to establish a _____________ (先例)29.at a low/high ____________ (分辨率)30.a new public health _____________(model)31.the diseases of our ______________(文明)32.to stay ________________ (正确方向)33.in this _______ (恶劣的) environment34.a ______________ (汇合) of interests35.a telephone _______________ (会诊)36.to __________ (strengthen) immunefunctions37.the ___________________ (毕业典礼)speaker38.forever be ___________ (grateful) toyou39.a richly collaborative ___________(effort)40.to have the _____________ (特权) ofIII. INTEGRATION (10 %)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and complete each task according to its corresponding order.As a primitive survival mechanism, thefight-or-flight response served our ancestors well as ameans of mobilizing the body’s defenses in times ofemergency. Why, then, has stress become such a problem1)in _____________________?In the case of the primitive hunter, once the danger had been dealt with by fighting or fleeing, the problem was resolved 2) and the stress ____________________. However, if we look around us today, we notice that the options 3)of ____________________________ are rarely appropriate in our modern world. For example, if you have an argument with your boss, you may feel all the symptoms of stress—but you can’t relieve your stress by striking out at him, 4)nor __________________________. And so the level of anger and arousal persists 5)________ _______________ a socially acceptable outlet, and at the end of the confrontation you still feel 6)_______________ you want to fight someone or run away. The fight-or-flight response has now become an internalized feeling that you carry about with you, like a ticking time bomb.7)If the fight-or-flight response is activated without using to its intending purpose, it can become a major source of distress. If it is fired off too often, or persists too long, the body will remain in a state of continual alarm or mobilization, and the potent hormones released in the stress response can actually 8)____________________ the body’s vital organs, nervous system, and immune mechanisms. Ironically, it 9)_______________ that the stress response, which was a vital survival mechanism for our remote ancestors, may in fact be killing us today. 10) Before it ____________________, stress can make us fat. 1) Complete the prepositionalphrase according to thecontext.2) Complete the clause introduced by and according to the context.3) Complete the of-phrase according to the context.4) Complete the clause introduced by nor.5) Fill in the blank with a phrase meaning without.6) Fill in the blank with a linking phrase.7) Correct the errors within the sentence.8) Complete the verbal part according to the context.9) Fill in the blank with a proper verb.10) Complete the before-clause according to the context.IV. READING COMPREHENSION (20 %)Directions: In this section you are going to read four passages, each of which is followed by five questions. To each question, there are four suggestedanswers. Choose the best one according to the passage you have justread and put down your answers in the following table.Passage 1Stories of positive and negative outcomes in surrogate parenting can leave some people aroused with negative emotions—ranging from distaste to revulsion—while others would say that there is nothing wrong, in principle, with surrogate parenthood. Dictionaries define surrogate as a substitute for some third person—which in this case could be an infertile mother, father, or the missing mother or father in a same-sex relationship. The usual practice of surrogate motherhood involves a married couple who can’t produce a child together and another woman who is able to do so, if her ovum is fertilized. The fertilization is accomplished by artificial insemination (that is, by the introduction of the sperm of the man into the uterus of the surrogate by other than natural means). If everything goes according to plan, the surrogate mother carries the fetus to term, delivers the baby, and gives it to the couple, who legally adopts it as its own. In this situation, the man is the biological father, the surrogate mother is the biological mother, and the married woman is the adoptive mother. The couple makes a cash payment to the surrogate in compensation for her services and to cover the medical costs that accompany the pregnancy. The term surrogate mother is somewhat inaccurate, since the woman to whom it refers is the biological mother of the baby: she supplies the ovum, carries the fetus, and gives birth. She would be called the regular mother—a term coined by Herbert T. Krimmel in his 1983 book Is Surrogate Motherhood Moral?1.According to the paragraph, people are divided over ________.A.the positive reactions stirred up by surrogate parenthoodB.the negative emotions aroused by surrogate parentingC.the practice of surrogate motherhoodD.the definition of surrogate2.The word surrogate ________.A.has a wider definition in meaning than in practiceB.is hard to define thanks to its wide range of practiceC.is defined as a substitute for infertilityD.varies in meaning with a particular dictionary3.In the usual practice of surrogate motherhood, ________.A.the married man is the adoptive fatherB.the married man is treated for his infertilityC.the surrogate woman is the biological motherD.the married woman receives the fertilized egg4.It seems that the baby is legally adopted ________.A.as a “product”B.as a compensationC.with two biological mothersD.all of the above5.It would be better to call the surrogate regular mother for ________.A.the misunderstanding on the part of the general communityB.the medical costs her pregnancy coversC.the compensation she receivesD.her biological servicesPassage 2The study of the types of cultures found the world over gives the impression of an enormous diversity of forms. The differences are so great that we may be inclined to think that every one of these cultures developed quite independently and that the peculiar genius of the people has found expression in the forms under which they live. This impression is strengthened by the fact that the people themselves differ in appearance. The African Negro, the Australian, the Siberian native, the people of the Pacific Islands, each have their own peculiar bodily build and their own peculiar culture.Added to this is the observation that the people constituting every one of these societies consider themselves as independent units, specifically distinct from all their neighbors. This finds its strongest expression in the fact that many primitive people designate themselves as human beings, while all their neighbors are designated by specific names in the same way as animals are designated by names. Thus the Eskimos call themselves human beings, the Indians whom they know in some regions only by hearsay are considered as dog like animals, and the white people with whom they came into contact in later times are considered as descended from dogs. The specific differences are keenly felt, while the similarities are neglected.The objective study of cultures and of types of man shows that not withstanding all these apparently fundamental differences cultural strains have passed from one people to the other, that no culture can be assumed to be self-developed and no type to be pure, unmixed with foreign strains.6.The author does not believe that there is such thing ________.A.as a cultural diversityB.as a highly mixed cultureC.as a wide variety of cultural formsD.as a purely autonomous culture7.The author argues that the different appearances of people in the world ________.A.help us better understand human civilizationB.tend to make us believe in the self-development of a cultureC.incline us to think critically about our cultural expertiseD.give us the impression of the peculiarity of their bodily build8.The fact that the Eskimos call themselves human beings exclusively illustratesthat many primitive people ________.A.consider themselves to be distinct from all their neighborsB.only know their own existenceC.don’t contact with all their neighborsD.All of the above9.It can be inferred from the passage that the author is trying ________.A.to draw our attention to the cultural similaritiesB.to direct our attention to the cultural dissimilaritiesC.to help us better understand the diversity of cultural formsD.to confirm the impression of a wide variety of cultural forms10.The author is most probably________.A.an artistB. a sociologistC. a philosopherD.an anthropologistPassage 3If you began the year with a resolution to give up smoking, you don’t need to be told that it will take all the luck and determination you can muster. If you are still persevering, take heart: you are already ahead of the game. According to the statistics, two out of three people who tried to give up will have relapsed by now. By the end of the year 90 per cent will be smoking again.So, despite various curbs on cigarette advertising and smoking in public places, the public health battle is far from won. Many health officials feel the time is ripe for the next phase, and for governments to wrest control of the content of cigarettes from the manufacturers.Moves in this direction are already afoot. In a couple of months’ time, health officials in Brussels will circulate drafts for rules that will govern how much tar and nicotine Europe’s cigarettes may contain, and what information about their chemical make-up should be printed on the packets. And in the US, the Food and Drug Administration has for years made no secret of its desire to regulate cigarettes in the same way as pharmaceuticals.However, acquiring the political and legal power to redesign cigarettes is one thing. Deciding how to redesign them to make them safer is quite another. This is where things get a bit trickier—and where it could all go horribly wrong.Some of the many improvements that are on the cards (很可能的)are uncontroversial. The idea that manufacturers should reveal the identity and quantity of the ingredients of their cigarettes—and the smoke that they produce—is a good way of giving them an incentive to clean up their products. Cigarette smoke contains specific cancer-causing chemicals. Consumers surely have a right to know which brands contain the highest or lowest levels of these chemicals. And who could argue against rules forbidding the use of sugary additives designed to appeal to youngsters? Or additives that open up the airways to allow more smoke in?But officials must resist the urge to enforce the gradual removal of nicotine from cigarettes to create the tobacco equivalent of decaffeinated coffee. The American Medical Association is a big fan of this approach and it is certainly technically feasible. Some denicotinized cigarettes are already on sale. The problem, as study after study shows, is that when smokers are given cigarettes low in nicotine, they compensate by smoking more cigarettes or inhaling smoke more deeply. Ultimately, smokers want a chemical fix and they are unlikely to stop until they get it.Advocates of the nicotine-free approach say the problem of compensation would vanish if the nicotine levels were so low that no amount of puffing could create the buzz smokers crave. But would anyone buy such cigarettes? More likely they would turn to the black market for an illicit supply.Fortunately, there is an alternative route to a safer cigarette: keep the nicotine but cut down the cancer-causingchemicals in the smoke. Better still remove the smoke or as much of it as possible. Manufacturers have already developed experimental “non-burning” cigarettes in which nicotine is released as a vapor by the action of heat on the tobacco. Governments should make sure such developments reach the marketplace.Of course, this approach requires us to accept that in one shape or form nicotine is always likely to be with us. People with moral objections to the recreational use of drugs will find that hard to swallow. But if we are serious about curbing the harm smoking does, pragmatism is he path to follow.Prohibition was a dismal failure with alcohol. There is no reason why it should work any better with nicotine.11.By controlling the content of cigarettes, according to health officials, governmentscan ________.A.win the public health battle without effortB.impose a ban on cigarette advertisingC.make it easier to give up smokingD.make them safer12.The author doubts that redesigning cigarettes ________.A.is to gain political and legal powerB.is to make them saferC.will do the trickD.is worth a try13.Which of the following seems to be controversial?A.The cancer-causing chemicals in cigarettes.B.Sugary addictives to cigarettes.C.Denicotinized cigarettes.D.Decaffeinated coffee.14.From nicotine-free cigarettes to non-burning ones, the author ________.A.raises the question of their acceptance at the marketplaceB.proves it impossible to make them saferC.guides smokers to the harm of smokingD.pinpoints the real dangers of smoke15.We can draw a conclusion from the passage that ________.A.it is unwise to try any approach to make cigarettes saferB.the health battle against nicotine is far from wonC.we are doomed to fail if we try to stop smokingD.smokers do have a right to smokePassage 4Twins and their genes are in the news again. American researchers have reanalysed hundreds of old genetic studies and changed their minds about the much-vaunted similarity of IQ between identical twins. Now they think that it is less to do with shared genes and rather more to do with the effect of sharing a womb in the first nine months of life.Indeed, the research suggests that the single biggest environmental i nfluence on a person’s IQ is not home life or mum and dad’s parenting skills, or even the school they attend, but the quality of those first nine months. If the researchers are right, what happens to us in the womb could account for up to 20 per cent of variation in IQs.The general idea here seems sound enough. There is increasing evidence to suggest that malnourished fetuses are more likely to develop heart disease, diabetes and—according to the verylatest finding—have permanently impaired immune systems. So why shouldn’t intelligence (or at least the part of it that IQ tests measure) also be shaped in the womb? It is here, after all, that the brain’s architecture is established and the first of its trillions of synapses forged.The news is not as good as it might seem for ambitious parents. Whatever American entrepreneurs might say about the new research, it doesn’t mean we can turn fetuses into potential geniuses by stimulating them with cassette devices strapped to pregnant women. Nor does it mean we should now be able to develop less obviously suspect methods for producing superbabies. It is one thing to eliminate the negative effects of malnutrition, smoking, drugs, alcohol and bad housing on fetal intelligence; quite another to think we can boost the brains of perfectly healthy fetuses by accentuating the positive.This is because researchers have little idea what “positive” means in this context. It may be the size or position of the placenta that matters. Or a subtle interplay between diet and the mother’s genetic make-up. Or something different again.Nor is this the only reason for remaining skeptical about the idea that we can radically improve healthy children’s IQs in the womb. The new study’s figure of 20 per cent is based on the IQs of twins, whose prenatal environment is scarcely typical. The presence of two fetuses, each competing for resources, sometimes from a shared placenta, could lead to all sorts of variations in the quality of prenatal life that seldom effect single fetuses.And l et’s not forget either that while the research highlights a component of nurture that has so far been overlooked, nature remains very much part of the IQ equation. The new study confirms what most geneticists already believe—that genetic differences explain about half of all variations in IQ.Prospective parents need not resign themselves to the misery of genetic fatalism. But neither should they buy into the idea that little Timmy’s place at Oxford will be won or lost in the womb.16.Twins share much-vaunted similarity in IQ, according to American researchers,mainly because of ________.A.their joint environmentB.the womb they sharedC.their shared genesD.their parents17.The notion reasons that ________.A.the womb can shape intelligence permanentlyB.both the womb and intelligence are shaped simultaneouslyC.malnourished fetuses can suffer permanently impaired immune systemsD.just as fetuses can be nutritionally affected in the womb, so can theirintelligence be affected there18.Researchers are not in a position ________.A.to define the positive and negative effects on fetuses’ intelligenceB.to eliminate the negative effects on intelligence in the wombC.to pinpoint the positive effects on intelligence in the wombD.to do anything to help pregnant women19.The other reason for remaining skeptical about the idea that we can radicallyimprove healthy children’s IQs is that ________.A.the new study neglected the variations of the quality of prenatal lifeB.the new study failed to cover single fetusesC.the new study’s figure is scarcely tr ueD.the new study’s figure is too low20.We can draw a conclusion from the passage that ________.A.prospective parents can do much to boost the brains of their fetusesB.both nature and nurture have a hand in IQ variationsC.nature overweighs nurture in IQ variationsD.there is no such a thing as IQV. KNOWLEDGE-BASED QUESTIONS (10%)Directions: Put down your answer to each of the following questions in the space given. Make sure that your answer to each question is concise.1. What is the basic mission of medicine?__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. Clarify the relation between the food chain and antibiotic resistance.__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3. What is a stressor?__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4. What is “informed consent”?__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 5. Justify the science and society relationship.__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________VI. WRITING (10 %)Directions:Write ONE paragraph to develop the topic given below.Because of science, there is hope. _____________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ P UT D OWN Y OUR F IRST D RAFT H ERE O N T HIS P AGE复旦大学外文学院大学英语教学部枫林分部本科生06级2008-2009学年第一学期（2007.9-2008.1）《社会医学主题英语教程》期末考试June 28, 2008答案I. LISTENING COMPREHENSION (10 %)1.The present problem:A lack of surgeons for the growing volume of orthopedic care.2.The solution:A DIY program to arouse students’ interest in surgery.3.The instructor’s expectations:To expect students to be future orthopedic surgeons.4.The learners’ feedbacks:Exciting, wild, and practical.5.The instructors’ feedbacks:Helping students make decisions in the future. They are doing fine. II. VOCABULARY (10 scores)1.document2.dimension3.professionalism4.equate5.expectancy6.sedentary7.mission8.mobilizest resort10.scratchesplacency12.hygiene13.sedatives14.intermittent 15.periodic16.subcutaneous17.medicolegal18.evidence-based19.intervention20.panel21.litigious22.sanctity23.alternatives24.internal25.in vitro26.morality27.inheritance28.precedent29.resolution30.paradigm31.civilization32.on course33.harsh34.confluence35.consultation36.enhancemencement38.indebted39.endeavor40.privilegeIII. INTEGRATION (10 cores)1.modern life2.was relieved3.fighting or fleeing4.would it do to run away5.in the absence of6.as if7.being used…intended8.damage9.appears10.kills us in the endIV. READING COMPREHENSION (20 scores)V. KNOWLEDGE-BASED QUESTIONS (10 scores)1.To care for the patient.2.What we eat is actually a particular link of the food chain. Antibiotic resistancecan develop in our bodies if we consume the food that contains antibiotic trace3.Anything, pleasant or unpleasant, that can cause a biological response.4.It is to lay out the options as clearly as possible, explaining to the patient possibleprocedures, the prognosis for each, probably discomforts and side effects, costs, and risks. Once informed, the patient is responsible for making the choice, and based upon that choice, the physician will proceed, even if that choice does not represent the one the physician would personally preferred.5.Science is for the benefits of society, and society makes science do the rightthing.VI. WRITING (10%)。
复旦大学社会科学基础部
复旦大学社会科学基础部～学年第学期期末考试试卷课程名称：__《科技简史》_____ 课程代码：___PTSS110041.01 _________ 开课院系：___社会科学基础部____考试形式：口试姓名：学号：成绩：口试由同学以抽签的方式，从题目盒子中随意抽取二至三道题目，其中仅有一次换题的机会。
每位答题的时间基本掌握在15分钟左右。
（以下40道题，重复一遍，一共80道题，制成80张纸条，放入纸盒中。
）1.请你说说古希腊人的科学成就。
2.人类对火的利用与取火方法的发明有什么意义？3.请你说说中国在黄帝时代、夏代、商代和西周时代的主要科技成就。
4.明代中期以后中国科技落后的主要原因是什么？5.谈谈你对“李约瑟问题”本身的看法。
6.你认为“李约瑟难题”可以从哪几个方面去解读？7.阿拉伯人在科技史上的特殊贡献是什么？8.论述近代航海史上的发现及其对自然科学的影响。
9.论述文艺复兴运动及其对近代科学的影响。
10.论述宗教改革运动及其对近代科学的影响。
11.哥白尼学说的意义是什么？12.伽利略在物理学上的主要贡献是什么？他在力学上哪些方面批判了亚里士多德的错误？13.为什么称达·芬奇是“文艺复兴时期的巨人”？14.牛顿的主要贡献和经典力学的意义及其对近代自然观的影响。
15.论述科学争论对科学发展的意义。
16.门捷列夫的元素周期律及其意义。
17.维勒合成尿素及其意义。
18.中国科学家人工合成胰岛素的经历给你什么启示？19.人为分类法与自然分类法有什么区别？20.林奈在生物学上的主要贡献是什么？他的哲学思想对他的科学成果有何影响？21.论述生物进化论和细胞学说的意义。
22.恩格斯认为19世纪自然科学的三大发现是什么？论述它们的意义？23.康德在天文学上的主要贡献是什么？论述其意义。
24.19世纪末发生的物理学危机的实质是什么？25.能量子假说是由谁提出的？论述该假说的意义。
26.科学史上戏称的“普朗克原理”给你什么启示？27.人类发现血液循环的历史给你什么启示？28.什么是“测不准原理”？29.孟德尔遭遇给你什么启示？30.原苏联科学史上的“李森科事件”给我们什么启示？31.论述系统思想方法产生的主要历史过程。
复旦大学信息科学与工程学院
复旦大学计算机科学技术学院《集合与图论》期末考试试卷A 卷 共 8页2013 年 1月16日课程代码：INF0120008.01-02 考试形式：闭卷（本试卷答卷时间为120分钟，答案必须写在试卷上，做在草稿纸上无效）专业 学号 姓名 成绩一、判断下列结论是否正确, 并说明理由(每题5分，其中判断正误1分，说明理由4分，共20分)。
1. 割集一定是断集，断集不一定是割集。
2. 设12,G G 为平面图。
若12G G ≅，则**12G G ≅，其中**12,G G 分别为12,G G 的对偶。
3. 设{1,2,3,4,5}, {(1,2)}A R ==，则R 为A 上的传递关系。
4. (6,6,5,4,3,3,2,2,2,1)是一个简单图的度序列。
二、求带权为1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11的最优4分树，并计算出它的权。
（10分）三、证明：强连通的竞赛图一定是Hamilton图（12分）。
四、现有5位教师T1,T2,T3,T4,T5要给7个班级C1,C2,C3,C4,C5,C6 ,C7上课，教学任务如下表：上表中T i所在的行与C j所在的列的交叉位置的数字表示教师T i为班级C j所上的课时数。
现在教务员要上面的教学任务安排课程表，要求在同一课时里，一位教师只能给一个班级上课，同一个班级也只能有一位教师上课。
为完成上述教学任务，至少要安排多少个课时？如果教务员只有4个教室可使用，那么为完成上述教学任务，至少要安排多少个课时？（12分）。
五、复旦计算中心安排5名青年教师x1，x2，x3，x4，x5值夜班，从周一到周五每个青年教师值一晚。
其中x1不安排在周一值班，x2不安排在周二值班，x3不安排在周三值班。
问：共有多少种不同的安排值班方法？(10分)六、由0,1,2,3,4,5组成的n位数中，要求0出现至多一次，1出现奇数次，2出现偶数次，3,4,5出现的次数没有限制，求这样的n位共有多少个？(10分)七、求可列个可列集的直积的阶。
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腹有诗书气自华
复旦大学本科期末考试试卷规范
（试行）
一、命题
1、各院系所有课程考试的命题，都要求必须同时提供其覆盖面、难易度、题
目量、水平相当的A和B两套试卷和标准答案，两套试卷中内容相同的题目不得
超过5%，三年之内同一门课程的试卷内容重复率不得超过10％（从2005春季
学期开始执行）。命题教师须于考试前一周，把出好的试卷交院系主管教学的领导
审定后，由主管教学的院长或系主任任选一套为期末考试用卷，另一套由院系封
存留作补考用。
2、为规范全校期末考试试卷的制作格式和归档管理的严肃性，现教务处拟定
试卷的统一抬头（见附件3），请各院系遵照制作。为便于统一要求，各院系原则
上不要自行设计试卷抬头，该试卷格式可从教务处网页上下载。
试卷一定要电脑打印，经校对无错误后，印刷、装订、封存。试卷使用后，对
多余的空白试卷必须及时销毁，不准向外发放。
3、各院系用于期末考试的A、B试卷和批阅过的试卷都必须妥善保存，试卷
将作为上级部门对学校、院系教学质量检查和评估的重要资料。
4、公共政治课、公共外语课、高等数学、法律基础、军事理论课程实行统一
命题。注意做好试题的保密工作。
二、阅卷、成绩评定、成绩登录以及试卷分析要求
1、一门课程的成绩评定应该呈正态分布。其中，优秀率（A和A-）不超过
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30%，如果优秀率需超过30%，任课教师必须写出本课程详尽的学习状态分析报
告，交教学院长（系主任）审批，优秀率上限最高不得超过40%，学习状态的分
析报告必须作为教学资料至少保存三年。任课教师应该按照评分标准，公正、公
平、科学地评阅试卷，所评定的成绩应能客观地、真实地反映学生对该课程学习
的情况。
2、凡是未参加期末考试的学生，任课教师必须在“成绩登分表”上注明“缺
考”、“缓考”。
试卷必须用红笔批阅。每一题都须有批阅记录，每一题的扣分记录在试题的
右侧；得分记录在试题的左侧，最后将各题得分记入试卷首页的“得分栏目”内，
并计算总分。考核方式如是论文形式，教师需对论文认真批阅，提出批阅意见，
并附评分依据。
如果期末考试的卷面成绩只占本课程成绩的一部分，任课教师务必在“成绩
登分表”上注明。
3、任课教师应该在本门课程考试结束后的5天内，将成绩评定完毕并交教务
员及时登录。各院系都应在1月30日前，将全部成绩登录完毕，并寄给学生家长。
4、各院系教务办公室要严格保管好原始试卷和成绩单，不宜公开张贴学生的
考试成绩。任何人未经许可不得随意涂改试卷成绩，不准遗失也不准随意查阅试
卷。学生若对考试成绩有异议的，可于下一学期开学二周内，书面向本院系教务
办公室申请，经院系主管领导批准后，由任课教师和教务员两人以上核查成绩，
但不可查阅试卷。跨院系选修的课程，学生可持学生证和书面申请到开课院系教
务办公室办理。超过规定的时间不再受理核查成绩事宜。
5、对试卷分析，可以使任课教师及时掌握学生的学习状况，更好地了解命题
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的难易度、知识的覆盖面以及区分度，使命题内容更加符合教学大纲的要求。做
好这项工作有助于提高学生的学习积极性和主动性，提高教学质量和教学水平。
三、试题的保密、装订和保管
1、学校用于期末考试的试卷属保密材料，按照“谁主管谁负责”的原则，各
院系分管本科教学工作的领导应认真做好试卷的保密保管工作，对考试试卷的命
题、印制、分送、保管等各环节承担保密管理责任。
2、各院系在组织考试前，应对命题教师和考务工作人员进行宣传培训，加强
保密教育，对考试的各个环节实行严格的保密管理，参加命题的教师不得参与或
授意他人进行与本课程考试命题有关的辅导、点题培训等活动，未经许可擅自做
出类似行动的，将视情节轻重给予纪律处分。
3、命题工作结束后，原始试题载体、试卷和标准答案应存放在保险柜中，并
由专人负责保管。考试前如发生试卷泄密情况，应在第一时间向教务处报告，由
教务处向主管校长请示处理意见，并进一步追查有关事故责任。
4、试卷的印刷、装订、封存工作，各院系要安排两名工作人员操作，试卷经
检查清点无误后密封存入指定的保险柜。废卷及多余试卷应当场销毁。命题教师
和接触试题人员，不得以任何方式泄露试题，如发生有泄露或变相泄露试题情况，
应立即采取措施，更换试题内容，并追究当事人责任。任课教师中有子女或亲属
参加考试的，该教师应回避该课程的命题任务。
5、评阅后的试卷不准发给学生，由开课院系教务办公室登记、装订成册并归
档保存，与试卷同时装订的材料有：⑴.学生名册（暨任课教师成绩登分表）；⑵.
空白试卷（包括A卷、B卷）、答案及评分标准；⑶.学生考卷（按照学生名册排列）。
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该课程如有补考，补考考卷附在最后，补考学生成绩登分表附在学生成绩登分表
之后。
6、试卷的保存期为该专业学制规定的标准修业年限上再加一年。补考试卷的
保存期与正常考试试卷相同。试卷保存期满，由院系指派专人按保密文件规格统
一销毁，并在登记册上注明销毁章。
出师表
两汉：诸葛亮
先帝创业未半而中道崩殂，今天下三分，益州疲弊，此诚危急存亡之秋也。然侍卫之臣
不懈于内，忠志之士忘身于外者，盖追先帝之殊遇，欲报之于陛下也。诚宜开张圣听，以光
先帝遗德，恢弘志士之气，不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失义，以塞忠谏之路也。
宫中府中，俱为一体；陟罚臧否，不宜异同。若有作奸犯科及为忠善者，宜付有司论其
刑赏，以昭陛下平明之理；不宜偏私，使内外异法也。
侍中、侍郎郭攸之、费祎、董允等，此皆良实，志虑忠纯，是以先帝简拔以遗陛下：愚
以为宫中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，然后施行，必能裨补阙漏，有所广益。
将军向宠，性行淑均，晓畅军事，试用于昔日，先帝称之曰“能”，是以众议举宠为督：愚
以为营中之事，悉以咨之，必能使行阵和睦，优劣得所。
亲贤臣，远小人，此先汉所以兴隆也；亲小人，远贤臣，此后汉所以倾颓也。先帝在时，
每与臣论此事，未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也。侍中、尚书、长史、参军，此悉贞良死节之臣，
愿陛下亲之、信之，则汉室之隆，可计日而待也。
臣本布衣，躬耕于南阳，苟全性命于乱世，不求闻达于诸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉
屈，三顾臣于草庐之中，咨臣以当世之事，由是感激，遂许先帝以驱驰。后值倾覆，受任于
败军之际，奉命于危难之间，尔来二十有一年矣。
先帝知臣谨慎，故临崩寄臣以大事也。受命以来，夙夜忧叹，恐托付不效，以伤先帝之
明；故五月渡泸，深入不毛。今南方已定，兵甲已足，当奖率三军，北定中原，庶竭驽钝，
攘除奸凶，兴复汉室，还于旧都。此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。至于斟酌损益，进尽
忠言，则攸之、祎、允之任也。
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愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效，不效，则治臣之罪，以告先帝之灵。若无兴德之言，则责
攸之、祎、允等之慢，以彰其咎；陛下亦宜自谋，以咨诹善道，察纳雅言，深追先帝遗诏。
臣不胜受恩感激。
今当远离，临表涕零，不知所言。