U. S. Winning Race Relations War With Reds
大学英语Chapter9、10、12
Chapter 9 HistoryRead the following statements and decide whether they are true(T) or false(F).(T)1.America was named after Amerigo Vespucci,who arrived on the new continent after Columbus.(F)2.The Second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia,and the Continental Army and Navy were established under the command of Thomas Jefferson.(T)3.The American Civil War not only put an end to slavery,but also made America a single,indivisible nation.(F)4.Most American people approved of the Vietnam War.(T)5.In 1990,American troops and the troops from allied nations took joint military action in order to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.(F)6.According to the American government,Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden were responsible for the terrorist event on September 11,2001. (T)7.The Bush administration regarded Iraq a nation among the “axis of the evil”.(F)8.On March 20,2003,American and United Nations’ troops,supported by several other countries,began an invasion of Iraq.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements.1. The first successful English colony in North America was foundedat(Jamestown)in(Virginia).2. The Seven Year’s War occurred between(the French and the British).3. “No taxation without representation”was the rallying slogan of(thepeople of the 13 colonies).4. In May 1775,(the Second Continental Congress)was held in Philadelphiaand began to assume the functions of a provisional government.5. Abraham Lincoln issued the(Emancipation Proclamation)to grantfreedom to all slaves.6. The policy of the United States was(neutrality)at the beginning of thetwo World Wars.7. President(Roosevelt)introduced the New Deal to deal with theproblems of the Great Depression.8. The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans,and itcontinued throughout the terms of Presidents(Eisenhower,Kennedyand Johnson).Give brief answers to the following questions.Why did America change its policy and enter World War Ⅱ?The America’s sit-on-the-fence policy changed in 1940.The American government feared that the Axis countries were winning the war,which might threaten America’s security and interests.The Japanese air raid on Pearl Harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into World WarⅡ.What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?Nixon made three well-known contributions during his presidency:1)ending the U.S. military involvement in the Vietnam War;2)reestablishing U.S. relations with China;3)negotiating the first Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty with the Soviet Union.State your understanding of the following questions.What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African salves to mange their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property.In the North,with the development of industry,there was a growing demand for free labor.What’s more,the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads.But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries.The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War Ⅱ?During the two World Wars,America remained neutral in the early stage.However,Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries.Therefore,they not only retained their military forces,but also accumulated great wealth.When America entered the wars,it was almost at the end of the wars.By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies,America greatly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the endof World War Ⅱ.Chapter 10 GovernmentRead the following statements and decide whether they are true(T) or false(F).(F)1.The Bill of Rights was written into the Constitution in 1787.(T)2.The form of the American government is based on three main principles:federalism,the separation of powers and respect for theConstitution and the rule of law.(F)3.The U.S. Congress consists of two houses:the House of Commons and the House of Lords.(T)4.The judicial branch of the U.S. Federal government consists of a series of courts:the Supreme Court,the courts of appeals and the district courts. (F)5.The Democratic Party is conservative in terms of its ideology.(T)6.The American presidential campaigns adhere to the“winner-takes-all”pratice.(F)7.The American foreign policy throughout World War Ⅱ was neutrality. (T)8.The American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment and intervention.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements.1. The U.S. Constitution came into effect in(1789).2. The Constitution of the United States(tries to give each branch enoughpower to balance the others).3. The Bill of Rights(guarantees citizens of the United States specificindividual rights and freedom).4. The terms for a Senator and Representative are(six)and(two)yearsrespectively.5. All the following can make legislative proposals EXCEPT(the Secretary ofState).6. The following are all powers of the President EXCEPT(making laws).7. The Supreme Court is composed of(nine)justices.8. The President is directly voted into office by(electors elected by thevoters).Chapter12 Education,Media and HolidaysRead the following statements and decide whether they are true(T) or false(F).(T)cation is governed by state and local governments instead of the national government in America.(T)2.All American children are offered 12 years of compulsory public education.(F)3.After 12 years of schooling,American students receive a bachelor’s degree upon graduation.(T)4.When selecting a college or university,students have a great concern for its size,location and academic quality.(T)ually,an undergraduate student has to earn at least 120 credits to receive a degree.(F)6.Outstanding graduates of Yale university include President Wilson and more than 80 Senators.(F)7.It is The New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate Scandal in 1972.(F)8.Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements.1. Formal education in the United States consistsof(elementary),secondary and higher education.2. Of the following subjects,(politics and business education)are NOToffered to elementary school students.3. Higher education in the United States began with the foundingof(Harvard College).4. Of the following,(research institutions)are NOT among the categories ofAmerican higher education.5. To get a bachelor’s degree,all undergraduate students are required todo the following EXCEPT(working for communities).6. (The New York Times)is sold especially to the upper or upper-middleclass and has a reputation for its serious attitude and great bulk.7. Of the following,(the Public Broadcasting Service(PBS))is NOT amongthe major radio and TV networks in America.8. The National Day of the United States falls on(July 4th)each year.Give brief answers to the following questions.How does an American university choose its applicants?American universities choose applicants on the basis of a)their high school records; b) recommendations from their high school teachers; c) the impression they make during interviews at the university ; d) their scores on the SAT.What functions do American higher education institutions perform? Higher education institutions in the United States have three functions:teaching,research and public service,with each college or university having its own emphasis with regard to its functions.What similarities do the four famous universities share?The four universities all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts ,business,etc.State your understanding of the following questions.How does an American university choose its applicants?The first ideal of the American educational system is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible.The second ideal is producing a society that is totally literate and of local control.The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known.What functions do American higher education institutions perform?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures.Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success.Struggles for equality are vividly depicted,and past racism is bluntly acknowledge.Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.。
江苏省镇江市丹徒区2023-2024学年九年级上学期期中考试英语试题(含答案)
初中生自主学习能力专项评价样卷九年级英语试卷（本试卷共8页，试卷满分120分，考试时间为100分钟）一、听力（共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分）第一部分听对话回答问题本部分共有10道小题，每小题你将听到一段对话，请根据所听到的内容选择你认为最合适的备选答案，每段对话听两遍。
5．When does the next bus comeA．At about 5:15. B．At about 5:00. C．At about 5:30.6．Why did Jane refuse to go to the partyA．Because she disliked Linda.B．Because she had to attend a meeting.C．Because she had to buy some medicine.7．How does the music make the woman feelA．Happy. B．Sleepy. C．Comfortable.8．What can we learn from the dialogueA．The lady is ordering something to eat.B．The lady needs more salty warm water.C．The lady doesn’t like the meal.9．What does the girl meanA．Ben can’t be trusted. B．Ben likes to make promises. C．Ben will go on a trip with others.10．Who is Mike’s heroA．Kobe. B．His father. C．Jay Chou.第二部分听对话和短文答题你将听到一段对话和两篇短文，各听两遍。
听完后，请根据所听到的内容选择你认为最合适的备选答案。
大学英语3(专升本)阶段性作业3
(D) active
3. In a bullfight, it is the movement, not the color, of objects that _______the bull.(2)
(A) confuses $B
(B) excites
(C) scares
(D) satisfies
13. We should _______the problem from all sides(2)
(A) deliberated $A
(B) thought
(C) described
(D) designed
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14. _______" I love soft music more than popular music.(2)
10. His health had _______while he was in prison.(2)
(A) became better $B
(B) became worse
(C) became stronger
(D) became weaker
11. The sea was _______and still.(2)
(A) discussing $A
(B) defeating
(C) delaying
(D) declining
6. The committee _______five persons.(2)
(A) absorbs $D
(B) concerns
(C) excludes
(D) involves
16). What makes leisure business important according to the passage?(3.5) (A) People’s leisure time is increasing. (B) More people are interested in seeing other parts of the world. (C) Improved transportation and accommodation conditions. (D) Longer vacations are offered than before.
The Cold War(Brief Introduction)
美苏争霸二战结束，美国对苏联推行冷战政策。
赫鲁晓夫上台以后，提出同美国平起平坐、实现美苏合作、共同主宰世界的基本战略。
随着苏联经济、军事实力进一步增强，从50年代后期起，美苏争霸的格局逐渐形成。
美苏争霸分为三个阶段。
(1)50年代中期至60年代初，是美苏争霸的第一阶段。
这一时期的特点是既势，美国转攻为守。
1975年，苏联的工业总产值上升，相当于美国的80％。
在军备方面，苏联赶上了美国。
这一时期的美国，由于受经济危机的冲击，经济增长趋于缓慢。
所以，在美苏中争霸美国采取战略防御政策。
(3)80年代末90年代初，是美苏争霸的第三阶段。
1981年，里根出任美国总统以后，开始遏制苏联在全球的扩张势力。
美国提出了“星球大战”计划，通过以高技术为核心的新一轮军备竞赛，从而拖垮经济力量相对落后的苏联。
在争夺第三世界方面，美国发动小规模的局部战争，打击亲苏政权。
苏联由于国内经济发展缓慢，戈尔巴乔夫上台执政后，开始放弃争夺军事优势的作法，转为裁减军备，从对外扩张转向全面收缩。
1991年12月底，苏联解体，美苏冷战争霸的局面结束。
Soviet hegemonyAfter World War II, for USSR, the U.S. 's policy was the Cold War. When Khrushchev came to power, he made a basic strategy: to make an equal position with the United States, to achieve US-Soviet cooperation, to dominate the world together with the USA. With the Soviet economic and military strength has been further enhanced, from the late 1950s, the pattern of Soviet hegemony gradually formed.Soviet hegemony is divided into three stages:（1）The mid-1950s to the early 1960s, is the first stage of Soviet hegemony. This period is characterized by both competition and ease.At ease: In 1955,The Soviet Union established diplomatic relations with the Federal Republic of Germany. Khrushchev visited the United States in 1959.At competition:The construction of "Berlin Wall" by the Soviet Union in 1961, blockaded of the East and West Berlin border, and made US-Soviet relations more strained. The Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 shows that the Soviet Union embarked on the path of global competition.（2）The mid-1960s to late 1970s, is the second phase of Soviet hegemony. In this period, the Soviet Union was in the offensive, the U.S. was in the defensive.In 1975, the Soviet Union's industrial output rose as the 80% of the United States. In military terms, the Soviet Union was to catch up with the UnitedStates.During this period, due to the economic crisis, the United States' economic growth tended to slow. Therefore, in the Soviet hegemony, the United States took defense policy.（3）The late 80s to early 90s, is the third phase of Soviet hegemony.In 1981, Reagan became U.S. president, he started to contain the Soviet's expansion of the world. The United States proposed the "Star Wars" program to collapse the Soviet whose economic power was relatively backward by a new round of high-tech arms race. In the competition for the third world, the United States started small-scale regional war to be against pro-Soviet regime.As the domestic economy was slow, after Gorbachev came to power, he began to reduce arms and shifted the external expansion to the overall contraction. Until the end of December 1991, the disintegration of the Soviet Union means the end of the Cold War.。
Britain after World War II解读
▪ 4. Economic recovery in 1980s ▪ Events：
▪ In March, 1979, Labor Party was defeated by Conservative Party;
▪ He is one of the fathers of modern theoretical macroeconomics.
Keynesianism 凯恩斯主义
▪ The advocate of interventionist government policy, by which the government would use fiscal and monetary measures to mitigate the adverse effects of economic recessions, depressions.
▪ c) Under the protest of the world, esp. that of US and USSR, British troops was forced to withdraw.
▪ d) As a result, Prime Minister Anthony Eden resigned to be replaced by Harold Macmillan.
Britain after World War II
Questions for you
▪ What do you know about Britain after Second World War?
▪ What stages was it divided into? ▪ Who played very important role
▪ Her Coronation (加冕) followed on June 2, 1953. ▪ Status: ▪ She has been a faithful figure of stability in the
百句欧美电影经典对白
百句欧美电影经典对白中英双语版㈠《Shawshank Redemption肖申克的救赎》1.You know some birds are not meant to be caged, their feathers are just too bright.你知道，有些鸟儿是注定不会被关在牢笼里的，它们的每一片羽毛都闪耀着自由的光辉。
2.There is something inside ,that they can't get to , that they can't touch. That's yours. 那是一种内在的东西, 他们到达不了,也无法触及的,那是你的。
3.Hope is a good thing and maybe the best of things. And no good thing ever dies.希望是一个好东西,也许是最好的,好东西是不会消亡的。
㈡《Forrest Gump 阿甘正传》1.Life was like a box of chocolates, you never know what you're gonna get.生命就像一盒巧克力，结果往往出人意料。
2.Stupid is as stupid does.蠢人做蠢事，也可理解为傻人有傻福。
3.Miracles happen every day.奇迹每天都在发生。
4.Jenny and I was like peas and carrots.我和珍妮形影不离。
5.Have you given any thought to your future?你有没有为将来打算过呢。
6．You just stay away from me please.求你离开我。
7．If you are ever in trouble, don't try to be brave, just run, just run away.你若遇上麻烦，不要逞强，你就跑，远远跑开。
变形金刚英语观后感
变形金刚英语观后感变形金刚英语观后感擎天柱的死去与复活，大黄蜂的忠诚，天火的无私，人类的信念，威震天的.邪恶，堕落金刚的贪婪，红蜘蛛的羡慕等等，无不让我回到了小时候打死也要看《变形金刚》的年代。
以下是变形金刚英语观后感，欢迎阅读。
Watching return, wanting more, strongly recommend 3 d version, the effect is much better than the avatar. With the whole images fusion is very good, have a look at 3 d space play version of "Star Wars" feeling; under the 3 d version of the heroine, is sexy stunner; finally the Chicago buildings war, with the iron body of cybertron decepticons, galloping commandos, whizzing tomahawk cruise missiles and the roar of explosions, resonant magnificent sights, brought an immersive feeling.Compared with Michael bay before work, the film is more of a narrative, the rhythm is very strong, in the context of reveal character, opening the first Apollo moon landing program from the United States, noting that Mr Will be filming a documentary of pieces with real crisscross, instantly brought people to "Star Wars" between the United States and the Soviet union in the space race. , then, is to tell the story of the hero Sam Michael bay with advertising the new female one taken at the first half of the film is very beautiful, and then the war, but more to return to the simple nature, together with other supporting, two small robot funny, especially the runner, funny, after left the hostess michaela it seems that he and Sam get along well (new, bright eyes can see from it), as well as Sam's parents, the U.S. government to give them enough pensions, great travel saloon car!Scenes at the chernobyl nuclear power plant is at the front of the few fighting scenes, the opening of the film is about the moon conspiracy theories, and conspiracy theories after all of these lead to the theme of the film, and betrayal, Sam and his new girlfriend emotional development, car of the relationship between human and human, coupled with the car and the decepticons internal relations, the three lines in parallel, the seeds for the last war.Spielberg compared with that in the last war took place in Chicago, the war of the world, at the start of the war is a massacre, the spread of the decepticons to the city of Chicago into a hell, the bundles of the laser flash across, citizens or go away, or head, of corpses, high-rise commercial street with former decepticon ship, then become a death, as Sam courage to go forward, successful people fool starscream's car arrived, the most wonderful street which to open prelusive, 3 d effect once again marvel at the special quality of the production of the Hollywood, robotic expression and dazzling action, and the effect of various laser cannon fire and building debris, immersive. Building the play is the most wonderful, with the whole building was sheared, Sam and his girlfriend and the commandos jump out conveniently, skillfully shows special effects, especially the special forces flight garment body more, overlooking the American military power, is shown with the most comfortable, should be the outbreak of the optimus prime left axe right knife type way, especially the last scene "Fang La" wu song, single arm type of heroism, but also highlights the grand atmosphere of the generation of leader of the autobots.Throughout the whole movie, the theme is clear, the main line is clear, though not like the first two large-scale heavy weapons, but the characteristic of the flight, osprey strengthen become wings, tomahawk, standard, or promote the military strength, coupled with optimus prime has been repeated "freedom is the right of all creature with perception" is also the best embodiment of American spirit, countless times to defeat after winning the first scene again will push personal heroism to the front desk, so to speak, in addition to Chinese ads, the film is a film with a high level of excellent ornamental effect. Strong recommendation!"Transformers" is a famous movie, and I like transformers very much, and I hear friends say, "transformers 3 is on! Let's go and see! I immediately shouted my mother to take me to see.I love transformers. There are several factors: 1. The task in the movie is very handsome. I have a good feeling towards robots. It is one of my dreams to make robots like transformers.2. The stories inside very awesome are very attractive, especially when the car people are engaged with their enemies. It's these two things that make me like transformers. When I finished, I realized that transformers were not just robots, they were sentient aliens, and they knew everyone's attitude towards them. And earth people "leader" (check the officials of the transformers, position is higher, has the right to decided to expel or received) transformers but them as evil star expelled them, thought that this will make it a group of the royal predators of rebellion was left earth, return to their planet. However, it is not humanly possible to say that the enemy decides to occupy the earth, and finally, optimus prime, and so on, to save the earth. So, I feel that since the transformers are difficult, we should help them.The plot of the film, I most like is only one, the plot is very touching, optimus prime to war with the royal predators of rebellion, royal predators to optimus prime's arm to chop down, also want to give optimus prime to kick into the river, and quite fearless, optimus prime marched with his left arm, trying to use his last straw to imperial enemies down and royal predators no weapons, tried to woo him with false, optimus no doubt late, pick up the shotgun, to kill royal predators. Finally, the sky back to clear, it seems that the battle is just a gust of wind, blowing will blow in the past, optimus prime's hand may not be able to restore, may also be involved in the life, the alien in unrelated people were killed when the earth, with them are willing to use high-tech to protect us, defeat the enemy, but we are in power, can protect them, but I found reason to evict them, so, I am a little sorry for the people in the movie, if they really shocked, never to return, we human beings could be a slave to these aliens with inexhaustible.The film tells us to study their personality, to friends, no matter how much they were ruthlessly hurt us, but they are our friends, in a friend, when it should help them, don't learn check officials, for their own interests, damage once how trusted friends to you.My mother took me to see the American sci-fi movie "transformers 3", which is so popular all over the world. The whole movie, the theme is clear, the characteristic of the flight, osprey strengthen become wings, tomahawk, or promote the military strength, coupled with optimus prime has been repeated "freedom is the right of all creature with perception" is also the best embodiment of American spirit, countless times to defeat after winning the first scene again pushing personal heroism to the front desk. Last Chicago buildings war, with theiron body of cybertron decepticons, galloping commandos, whizzing tomahawk cruise missiles and the roar of explosions, resonant magnificent sights, brought an immersive feeling. Overall, the film is well received in addition to Chinese advertising.Change 3 begins with the first Apollo moon landing program from the United States, Michael bay will be filming a documentary of pieces with real crisscross, instantly brought people to "Star Wars" Sue the era of the space race. Then, is to tell the story of the hero Sam, then, when it comes to the heroine, from her career development, to the love story, there are the pictures on the wall in the company, highlight the "beauty" of her, and to the back of the war of Chicago, reflects her brave, in combined with the other in a supporting role, such as two small robot funny, especially the runner, funny. It feels like this is not just a cliffhanger, a war, and a sense of humor.The film's opening is the conspiracy theory about the moon, and conspiracy theories after all of these lead to the theme of the film, and betrayal, Sam and his new girlfriend emotional development, car of the relationship between human and human, coupled with the car and the decepticons internal relations, the three lines in parallel, the seeds for the last war.Place in Chicago last war, the war is the beginning of a massacre, the spread of the decepticons to the city of Chicago into a hell, the bundles of the laser flash across, citizens or go away, or beheaded, or dead bodies, high-rise commercial street with former decepticon ship, then become a death, as Sam fearlessness, successfully fooled the autobots acoustic transformers arrived, the most wonderful street which to open prelusive, 3 d effect once again marvel at the special quality of the production in Hollywood, as happened in his own eyes. The robot's precise expression and dazzling movement, as well as the effects of various laser artillery and building debris, make people immerse. Buildings that play is the most wonderful, with the whole building was sheared, Sam and his girlfriend and the commandos jump out conveniently, skillfully shows special effects, especially in the special forces flight garment body more, looking down with pats shows the power of the United States. The most comfortable, when optimus prime left the aircraft axe knife plus right back, way, especially in the last act "Fang La" wu song, single arm type of heroism, highlights the grand atmosphere of the generation of leader of the autobots. Finally, with the beautiful melody and the full-length close-up of optimus prime, the film ends.。
商务英语1, 2单元课后练习答案和课文翻译
Task 1（1）You should place it with this side up.( 2 ) You should keep it try.( 3 ) You can drink it safely.( 4 ) You should handle with care.( 5 ) This food should be health and safety.（6）This stands for the level of food safety（7）This product has passed Quality Safety check（8）It has passed a food safety certificate.（9）It has passed a drinking safety certificate.（10）This is green food.Task 2 Discuss with your partner and match the world famous advertisement slogans 1-6 with logos A-F.1. All the news that’s fit to print --------New York Times2. Better things for better living through chemistry----------Du Pont3. Finger一lickin’good---------Ken- tucky Fried Chicken4．I’m lovin’ it.---------McDonald’s5. Something special in the air．----------American Airlines6. We bring good things to life.---------- General Electric1E 2．F 3．A 4. C 5．D 6．BUnit TaskTask 1 Decide whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) according to the passage.1.F2. F3.T4.F5.FTask 2 Match the following terms with their Chinese meanings.1. d2.f3.b4.j5. c6.i7.h8.e9. a 10. gTask 3Complete the following sentences with the words or phrase given below。
自考英语国家概况---复习资料--英国国家概况知识点及经济篇英语国家概况经济篇文档.doc
英语国家概况经济篇%1.自然资源英国:Compare with many other countries,Britain has comsiderable reserves of coal.Today British coal mining is called a "sick" industry.Natural gas and oil was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under the North Sea.Britain was the first nation to build a large iron and steel industry.Rich deposits of iron ore were found in central England.As with the coal industry,Britain's steel industry is declining.美国:Fertile soil is one of the most important natural resouces in the United States.America's forest resources are among the world's largest.Another natural resource that contributes to the welfare of the country is water.America is the leaders in production of Coal,iron ore,cpper,oil,sulfur,lead and zine.But short for tin,manganese,and nikel.爱尔兰Ireland is now the largest producer of lead and zinc concentrates in Europe.While Ireland lacks sizeable oil deposits,it has a valuable energy source in the peat,or turt,bogs that cover extensive areas of the country.力口拿大:Water is one of the most important natural resources in Canada.Almost half of the land area of Canada is covered by forests. Canada ranks third,in the production of lumber and other forest products in the world.The largest producer of newsprint in the world.Canada is a primary world producer of nickle,zine and asbestoes,and comes second in potash,third in gold and fourth in copper.Canada is a major world supplier of uranium.Experts believe that the cold fields of Canada may be among the largest in the world.A great deposit of petroleum was discovered south of Edmonton in Alberta. About two thurdsof Canada's petroleum and about four fifths of its natural gas come from Alberta.澳大利亚:Australia is one of the world's biggest producers of minerals and metals.It has major deposits of bauxite,mineral sands,diamonds,and black and brown coal,and large reserves of ores containing gold,lead,zinc,iron,copper,nikel,manganese and uranium. It is the world largest exporter of coal,and a major exporter of uranium.新西兰:There is an increasingly large share of energy comes from local resources:natural gas,crude oil,hydroelectricity and geothermal steam. Coal is of growing importance.Solar energy,vegetable oils and ethylalcohol from fermentation make small contributions.%1.农业英国:The Britain were pioneers in modern agriculture and were among the first to bring science and machinery to farming.The new farming has been called "agribusiness" .There are mainly six farming types in Britain.They are arable farning,dairy fariming, stock farming,mixed farming,hill farming and market gardening.Because of the cool climate,apples,pears and plums grwo very well in Britain.The North Sea has very good fishing grounds.美国:Yet the United States grows nearly one fourth of the world's grain and supplies a half of all the exports of grain in the world.It ranks first,second,or third in the production and export of corn, wheat, rice, soybeans, oranges, meat,milk, apples,oats,cotton,tobaoo, peanuts,and edible vegetable oil.（具体的在什么地方种什么东西可以参照书上P289-291）爱尔兰:Agriculture generates anestimated 11% of the Ireland GNRemploys 17% of the labour force and produces 25% of total exports.The most signigicant recent development in Irish agriculture has been membership in the European Community.加拿大:The land used for agriculture makes up only 7 % in Canada. Canada farms specialize in producing wheat,food crops for animals dairy products,and fruit.Fishing and mining are quiteimportant.The Canada Prairie is the centre of a rich wheat belt.Eastern Canada is noted for a variety of farm products.Dairying is in the lowlands of Quebec and Ontario.Fruits are grown in Western Nova Scotia.澳大利亚:Today,agriculture is the nation's largest and most diverse industry. Australia is one of the world's leading producers of food and natural fibres. Australia is the world's largest exporter of wool,the second largest exporter of meat,the third largest exporter of wheat and a major international supplier of sugar,dairy products,fruits,cotton and rice.Australia's agriculture importance has declined in recent years.新西兰:Vineyards produce international award-winning red and white wines.%1.制造业，工业英国:The textile is one of Britain's oldest.Textiles were on of the country's most vauluable exports.Britain became a world leader in shipbuilding during the middle of the 19th century.The two main centres for shipbuilding were on the River Tyne near Newcastle,England and on the Clyde near Glasgow in Scotland.The Britain motor industry now dominated by four firms(Ford,the RoverGroup,GM-Vauxhall,and Peugeot)There are three areas in Britain which have seen some high-tech industrial growth. Scotland has Europe's largest collection of foreign-owned chip factories.Over 90% of the companies are from the U.S. A.,Japan,the Netherlands and germany.美国:The untied States ranks first,second,third or fourth in the world in the production of crude steel,passenger cars,commercial vehicles,chemi cals,radio sets,television sets,and other manufacturing goods.Manufacturing accounts for about one quarter of theGDRabout one quarter of the national income,and over one fifth of the work force.The industrial regions are the Midwest(the nations's leading centre of heavy industry) round the Great Lakes,the Middle Atlantic states,the South,and the Pacific Coast.爱尔兰:Since the 1961 s,manufactuing has become the mainstay of the Irish economy.Of industrial employment,66% are employed in manufacting.力口拿大:Manufacturing is the mst important economic activity in Canada.Food processing is the leading industry. The manufacture of transportation equipment ranks second. The production of paper and paper related products ranks third, metal products are also important.澳大利亚:The mining industry in Australia has faced new problems in recent years.Australia's service sector is the fastest-growing sector of industry.lt has been growing in importance in recent years.新西兰:There are two steel comanies:New Zealand Steel which uses iron sands from the west coast of North Island,and Pacific Steel which reuses scrap iron.New Zealand is a world leader in the CNA(compressed natural gas) industry.Garments,fabrics and carpets are exported.The fishing industry has expanded greatly and is now the 4th largest export earner.%1.对外贸易英国:Britain is the fifth largest trading country in the world.Napoleon called it a "nation of shopkeepers".Britain's foreign trade is mainly with other developed countries.which accounts for 79% of exports and 85% of imports. About half with EC.Traditionally,Britain has had a deficit on visible trade and a surplus on invisible trade.美国:Currenty U.S. exports are about 15% of the world's total.The Unites States imports about 13% of all world imports.Canada is the largest single source og goods imported by the U.S.‘accounting for nearly 30% of the total. Outside of North America,Europe is the largest source of imports with about 30%,Asia provides about 18%,with smaller percentages from Latin America,Africa,and Australia.爱尔兰:Successive Irish governments have adopted a consistent and postive approoach toward attracting overseas investment.The new foreign firms now account for over 70% of manufactured exports.Ireland is new an industrial exporter.Manufactured goods account for about two-thirds of total wxports.力口拿大:A total about four fifths of all foreign investments in Canada are American.澳大利亚:Australia is a middle-level trading nation.The main feature of Australia's trade is that it has always involved the exchange of raw materials for finished products.Australia's trade relations with China have been developing rapidly in recent years. China accouts for about 3% of Australian total exports.新西兰:Trade is New Zealand's linelihood.Foreign investment is increasing and financial markets are active.Western Europe and particularly Britain have traditionally been New Zealand's major export market.The main imports are industrial raw materials,capital equipment and consumer goods.New Zealand is the world's largest exporter of lamb and mutton as well as dairy products.%1.当今面临的问题英国:Britain is the oldest industrial country in the world.The term "Britain disease" is noew often used to characterise Britain's economic decline.The Evolution of the Britain Economy since the War: 1.Steady development in the 50s and 60s.2.Economic recession in the 70s.3.Economic recovery in the 80s.这里有一部分是撒切尔的宏，微观措施比较重要(P91-92)Irel and FiannaFail,TheSenate,美国:The Untied States has a free-market economy with a dominant private sector. So the economy system of the United States is principally privately owned.But today,many of American people still live under the poverty line.Unemployment,inflation,finacial deficit,and trade deficit are the troubles that always face the United States.爱尔兰:The value of imports generally exceeds that of exports. That's why Ireland has a chronic negative balance of trade.Continuing dependence on imported oil is one of the reasons for the high import bill.力口拿大:In the past few years ho we ver,C anada' s unemployment rate has been high.But what is worth nothing is that the cost for manufacturing has increased while the productivity per worker has decreased as compared with the United States or with its ten trading partners.While Canada has one of the world's highest standards of living,not all regions of the country have enjoyed the same degree of prosperity.Some measures have been taken by the Federal government to help those slow grownth regions. 澳大利亚:Problems of Australia economy: 1 .Over-reliance on commodityexports.2.Failure to share in the expansion of international trade.3.The decline of manufaturing industries and the effects of tariffs.Country Party system HousesBritain The conservative Party, The House of Commons The Labour Party The House of Lorbs The U.S. The Democrats, The Senate,The Republic The House of RepresentativesFine Gael The House of RepresentativesAustralia The Labour Party, The Senate,the Liberal and National Party The House of RepresentativesNew Zealand The National Party,The Labour Party The House of RepresentativesCanada The Liberal Party, The Senate,the Progressive Conservative Party The House of Representatives考试前注意事项考前准备：一、欲善其事，必先利其器。
中西方委婉语的差别
Different Expression on EuphemismOrigin of euphemism•Euphemism comes from Greek .•eu—good•:words of good omen(预兆) or pheme- 意思是speech 言语•Euphemism good speech 意思是优雅动听的说法What is an euphemism?The use of a word which is thought to be less offensive or unpleasant than another word.An indirect word or phrase that people often use to refer to sth. embarrassing or unpleasant, sometimes to make it seem more acceptable than it really is.Interesting Expression请同学们先来欣赏下面四个短语：一位先生从桌子旁站起，彬彬有理地向人们说他得去―see a man about a dog‖一位青年人在大白天在大街上闲逛，原因是他们‖at liberty‖;有个孩子被妈妈关在家里，因为他正―in his birthday suit‖某位官员把下属请去作一‖polygragh interview‖---这里使用的都是委婉语1.See a man about a dog -------go to WC2. at liberty----------out of work3. in his birthday suit-------- wear nothing ,have nothing on4.polygragh interview-------测谎试验Functions of Euphemism• A. To Avoid Taboo• B. To Show Politeness• C. To Conceal TruthClassification of EuphemismsPositive euphemisms（肯定委婉语）and negative euphemisms（否定委婉语）• A.肯定positive肯定这类委婉语用来夸张，扩大，使其显得比她们所代表真实事物更体面,更重要。