英语专业--短文翻译讲解
专业英语课文翻译(课堂讲解部分整理汇总)
P2U7B
Artificial Netural Network 络
第二部分第七单元课文B
人工神经网
所有的自然神经元 都有树突、体细胞、轴 突和神经键4个基本部 分。基本上，一个生物 神经元从其它来源获得 输入，将之以一定方式 化合，执行针对结果的 通常是非线性的操作， 然后输出最后的结果。 如图表示了一个简单的 生物神经元及其四部分 之间的关系。
P2U7A Conventional and Intelligent Control
第二部分第七单元课文A 传统控制与智能控制
另外，为了控制复杂系统，有效处理复杂计算的问题也是研究 的领域之一；传统控制中其还在研究者关心之外，而当尝试控 制复杂系统时，很明显它已经是一个中心的问题。 此时正适合给智能控制中的智能一词作概要的说明。我 们注意到“智能”的精确定义已经不为人类所知数千年了。最 近这个问题以引起多个学科的注意，如心理学、哲学和生物学， 当然还有人工智能（AI）；注意AI被定义为使用计算模型实现 智能的研究。对于什么构成了智能还没有一致的意见。关于广 泛使用的智商测验的讨论表明我还远未理解这个问题。在这个 报告中我们也未尝试给智能下一个全面的定义。取而代之，我 们介绍和讨论了几种在前面提及的解决复杂系统控制时表现出 可用性的智能系统的特点。 现在罗列了关于“智能控制”的一些内容。智能控制器 设想模仿人类智力，如自适应和自学习、在巨大不确定性条件 下的自计划和处理大量的数据等等，以便能有效的控制复杂过 程；
P2U7B
Artificial Netural Network
第二部分第七单元课文B
人工神经网
络
人脑最基本的单元是一种细胞，是它们使我们可以记忆、思 考和运用以往的经验来指导我们的每一个行为。这些细胞被称为 神经元，每个神经元都与大约200，000个其他神经元相连。大 脑的能力就来自于这些基本单元及其之间多样的连接。 所有的自然神经元都有树突、体细胞、轴突和神经键4个基本 部分。基本上，一个生物神经元从其它来源获得输入，将之以一 定方式化合，执行针对结果的通常是非线性的操作，然后输出最 后的结果。下图表示了一个简单的生物神经元及其四部分之间的 关系。
大学英语英语——短文解读
What kinds of employees are likely to be fired?If employees do not observe company or department rules, they are likely to be fired. Any boss will be angry if employees are late for work or use the company phone to talk with friends. A boss dislikes people who do not work hard, gossip a lot or read the newspaper over a cup of tea for hours. Even if one works hard, the boss may not be satisfied if one does not work with high efficiency. After all, company profits come from employee achievements. Even though you've made significant personal contributions to the company, if you do not get along well with your colleagues, you may impede the company's productivity. After all, most jobs require teamwork nowadays. Usually the boss places a high value on employee loyalty. Disloyal employees may sell the company's secrets and ruin it overnight. When the company is in financial difficulty and downsizing, the first to be dismissed will be those who have some of the above-mentioned problems.What kinds of people are better prepared for a layoff?In contemporary society job changes are inevitable. Few people will stay in the same company all their lives. So, from time to time people should look for signs that layoffs are coming. For example, fewer customer orders, layoffs in similar companies, and an economic recession are warnings. In addition to noticing bad omens like the above, people should study the kinds of skills or technologies that are in great demand. If one industry is on the decline, they should equip themselves with knowledge and skills in other industries. When adequately prepared, they will not panic if they receive a dismissal notice. They can go to a different job or even a different career without too much difficulty.After finishing undergraduate studies, would you like to find a job or pursue a postgraduate degree? Why?Some students prefer to look for a favorable job, through which they can gain useful experience that they cannot get from books. When they move on to a higher level job one day, then, they will already have experience in that field. At work, they can give full play to their practical abilities, and may be promoted to department manager by the time their classmates complete their Master's degree programs. On the other hand, some students are not eager to take up a job and prefer to continue to study towards a Master's degree or even a PhD. And we all know, knowledge is power. Although not everything you learn will be directly applicable at work, knowledge does improve your character overall. In the long run, those who acquire more knowledge will benefit from it.If a company doesn't perform well in a certain field, for example, software development, should it outsource or train its own employees to do it?Some companies prefer to outsource the production they are not good at. Against the background of globalization, the division of work is accelerating. Often you can find a more specialized or more professional company that can do the same work with better quality at a lower rate. But outsourcing inevitably brings about problems. It is not always easy to lay off the employees, especially if they have served the company for a long time. They may ask for dismissal benefits that are too high for the organization to bear. So, perhaps the company can provide their workers with training to improve their production skills. If the workers feel grateful, they will work harder for the company's prosperity.Describe some superstitions in English-speaking countries.English-speaking nations have a number of superstitions. For example, many people believe 13 to be an unlucky number, and do not want to live on the 13th floor or in Room 13. They say "knock on wood" or "touch wood" to avoid bad luck. To wish somebody good luck, they may say "I'll cross my fingers for you." Superstitious people avoid walking under a ladder or opening an umbrella in doors. When they see a black cat run across their path, they think it's a bad omen. Some people may hang a horseshoe over their door to ward off bad luck. If they happen to drop a mirror, they worry that they will have seven years' bad luck. To ensure good luck, they may carry a charm of some kind, such as a lucky rabbit's foot!What is the relationship between one's attitude to life and one's fate? Does the former determine the latter or is it the other way round?Since the world is complex and mysterious, it is not easy to arrive at a definite conclusion. Some scholars, including a British psychologist, suggest that there exists a correlation between one's attitude to life and one's fate. But more research is needed before we can be sure of such a correlation. Moreover, the cause-and-effect relationship has not been clearly identified, and we are uncertain which causes which. In real life we can find counter examples: Some optimistic people are not very lucky, while some pessimistic people are quite lucky. Perhaps we should try to find out which case is more frequent: optimistic people with good luck or optimistic people with bad luck. Judging from my personal observations, the former is more common. I can even supply the reason: Optimistic people have more self-confidence, which facilitates their success in life. A survey involving many people is required to discover what most people think about this issue.In an enterprise or institution, is it necessary to clearly describe each employee's duties? Explain.Generally speaking, it is necessary. Employees' job should be clearly defined. With a detailed job description, a worker will have a definite aim and high motivation to work toward that aim. They know how they will be rewarded and punished. Accurate job descriptions can do much to prevent unnecessary duplication and conflict among workers. If everyone in a company works as an organized team, the company is likely to grow and prosper. However, some potential problems are worth noting. If a job description is too detailed, some staff members will turn a blind eye to anything that falls outside their scope of responsibilities even if it is important to the company as a whole. Nor should job descriptions stand in the way of cooperation among employees. If those problems can be overcome, job descriptions will play a significant role in the company's progress.When a boss employs or promotes people, what may be his or her chief consideration: their education or their practical ability?In fact, most bosses will consider both, though they may probably attach more importance to the candidate's ability. After all, a company's profits come directly from the abilities of the entire staff. Many of the qualities of a good worker such as diligence, teamwork, loyalty to the company, and courtesy to customers are gained through on-the-job training rather than from book knowledge. However, one's educational background is not unimportant. If one can enroll in a distinguished university and attain a high GPA, it is likely that one already possesses good qualities like industriousness, intelligence, organizational ability, and a strong will -- qualities thatare equally useful in the workplace. But it's also possible that some students from the academic ivory tower are merely bookworms without much capacity for practical work. A boss is unlikely to promote such an employee.Some bosses employ and promote only relatives or those who come from their hometown. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this hiring practice.Hiring people he is familiar with does offer the boss advantages. Those people are usually willing to work hard and are loyal to the boss, who often entrusts them with such important responsibilities as being a financial manager or human resources manager. However, the disadvantages inherent in a family business outweigh the advantages. To begin with, it is not always easy to find a relative who can take up a highly technical position such as software development engineer or an in-house lawyer. Perhaps none of the boss's relatives is even a competent electrician. Then, too, there are problems if the boss's sister-in-law is chief financial officer. A top-notch accounting graduate will quickly realize her chances of promotion are slim and will work for another company. Worse still, if relatives turn against the boss, they may be able to deal him a deadly blow since they often know many company secrets.Should managers be strict with or kind to their employees?Generally speaking, managers should be strict with their employees; otherwise they may find it difficult to keep good discipline in the workplace. For example, some employees may come in late and leave early. They may call in sick without good reason. Even when they are in the office, they may idle the day away chatting with each other. However, a manager should show concern for his or her subordinates when they do have difficulties like an acute illness or other unexpected problems. If employees feel sincerely appreciated, they tend to work harder. Generally speaking, managers should be strict with their employees; otherwise they may find it difficult to keep good discipline in the workplace. For example, some employees may come in late and leave early. They may call in sick without good reason. Even when they are in the office, they may idle the day away chatting with each other. However, a manager should show concern for his or her subordinates when they do have difficulties like an acute illness or other unexpected problems. If employees feel sincerely appreciated, they tend to work harder.。
研究生专业英语--带翻译
一个不错家庭一个接一个地崩溃，留下一个父母照顾他们的孩子，他们将在一个完全不健康的家庭中成长，没有父母的关爱和关爱。
译文：为什么离婚率正在上升吗 ? 你有没有注意到 , 近年来越来越多的人离婚 ? 我认为你的答案是肯定的。就我个人而言 , 我的一些朋友已经经历过。
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总结
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今天，婚姻的社会制度还不够稳定。就目前而言，在不深入问题的情况下更 换伴侣要容易得多。然而，这不是那么容易在现实中，事实上，问题不会消 失，如果我们逃避它们。了解破坏婚姻的主要因素，显然会帮助人们避免一 些这样的困难，可能至少有一个家庭在未来会失败。
a
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Marriages
Marrage background
7
Why marriages fail
▲
成功的婚姻生活是一件复杂的事情 。大约有
50% 的婚姻以失败告终，其中许多在第一年就
失败了。每一对新人都带着美好的愿望出发， 白色的裙子，水桶里温柔的花朵，以及蓬勃的 a 爱的感觉。但是没有人知道这个故事什么时候 结束。不管怎么说，大多数问题都是突然消失 的，配偶们都没有做好准备。
生活可能是自发的和意外的，的确，金融危机 可能发生在富裕家庭。金钱是人们在婚姻中争 a 论最多的一件事。Leabharlann 103不忠
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另一个严重的离婚原因是不忠。寻找婚姻之外的另一个原 因是当夫妻变得非常苛刻的时候。妻子或丈夫可能没有意
识到唠叨和抱怨是一种苛求。它给配偶施加了很大的压力，
让他们以某种方式对待对方。如果他们不能按照所希望的 a 愿望和命令去做，那么他们就开始在屋外寻找和平。
英语散文翻译带注释
英语散文翻译带注释Title: A Reflection on the Importance of Education in Modern Society。
Education is a crucial element in modern society. It plays an instrumental role in shaping the future of individuals, communities, and nations. In this reflective essay, I will explore the importance of education in our contemporary world and discuss the challenges and opportunities that come with it.Firstly, education is essential for personal and professional growth. It equips individuals with the necessary knowledge and skills to succeed in various fields of work. Education also helps individuals to developcritical thinking, problem-solving, and decision-making skills, which are crucial for navigating the complexities of modern life. Moreover, education fosters creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship, which are essential for driving economic growth and social progress.Secondly, education is crucial for social and cultural development. It helps individuals to understand and appreciate diverse cultures, traditions, and perspectives. Education also promotes social cohesion, tolerance, and respect for human rights and dignity. It enablesindividuals to participate in democratic processes, engagein civic activities, and contribute to the development of their communities and societies.However, despite its importance, education facesseveral challenges in our contemporary world. One of the significant challenges is inequality in access to education. Millions of children and young people worldwide are still denied access to quality education due to poverty, discrimination, conflict, and other factors. Thisinequality perpetuates social and economic disparities and undermines the potential of individuals and societies to thrive.Another challenge is the quality of education. While access to education is crucial, it is equally important toensure that the education provided is of high quality. Many education systems worldwide struggle to provide quality education due to inadequate resources, outdated curricula, and ineffective teaching methods. This situation hinders the development of critical thinking, creativity, and innovation, and limits the potential of individuals and societies to succeed.Furthermore, education faces the challenge of relevance in the face of rapid technological advancements and changing social and economic realities. The education systems of many countries are still based on outdated models that do not adequately prepare individuals for the demands of the modern world. There is a need to re-think and re-design education systems to ensure that they are relevant, flexible, and responsive to the needs of individuals and societies.Despite these challenges, education also presents significant opportunities for individuals and societies. The digital revolution has opened up new possibilities for learning, collaboration, and innovation. Online learningplatforms, mobile applications, and other technological tools have made education more accessible, flexible, and personalized. Moreover, education can be a powerful toolfor promoting sustainable development, addressing global challenges such as climate change, poverty, and inequality.In conclusion, education is a critical element in modern society. It is essential for personal and professional growth, social and cultural development, and economic and social progress. However, education also faces significant challenges, including inequality in access, quality, and relevance. To fully realize the potential of education, individuals, communities, and nations must work together to address these challenges and seize the opportunities presented by education.。
3篇英语短文(带翻译)讲解学习
The Old CatAn old woman had a cat. The cat was very old; she could not run quickly, and she could not bite, because she was so old. One day the old cat saw a mouse; she jumped and caught the mouse. But she could not bite it; so the mouse got out of her mouth and ran away, because the cat could not bite it.Then the old woman became very angry because the cat had not killed the mouse. She began to hit the cat. The cat said, "Do not hit your old servant. I have worked for you for many years, and I would work for you still, but I am too old. Do not be unkind to the old, but remember what good work the old did when they were young."【译文】老猫一位老妇有只猫，这只猫很老，它跑不快了，也咬不了东西，因为它年纪太大了。
一天，老猫发现一只老鼠，它跳过去抓这只老鼠，然而，它咬不住这只老鼠。
因此，老鼠从它的嘴边溜掉了，因为老猫咬不了它。
于是，老妇很生气，因为老猫没有把老鼠咬死。
她开始打这只猫，猫说：“不要打你的老仆人，我已经为你服务了很多年，而且还愿意为你效劳，但是，我实在太老了，对年纪大的不要这么无情，要记住老年人在年青时所做过的有益的事情。
专业英语短文翻译2
专业英语短文翻译2南京邮电大学复习资料五:《专业英语》短文翻译1.The reader may ask , how does the demultiplexer know which groupof 8-digits relates to channel 1, 2, and so on ? Clearly this is important ! The problem is easily overcome by specifying a frame format , where at the start of each frame a unique sequence of pulses called the frame code , or synchronization word , is placed so as to identify the start of the frame. A circuit of the demultiplexer is arranged to detect the synchronization word, and thereby it knows that the next group of 8-digits corresponds to channel 1.2.Advances in audio, video and speech coding and compression algorithms and progress in Very Large System Integration technology influence the bit rate generated by a certain service and thus changethe service requirements for the network. In the future, new services with unknown requirement will appear. For the time being it is yet unclear, e. g. what the requirement in terms of bit rate for HDTV will be. A specialized network has great difficulties in adapting to changing or new service requirements.3.When the transmitter wishes to send data, it first places the line in a space level (i. e. , the complement of a mark) for one element period. This element is called the start bit and has a duration of T seconds. The transmitter then sends the character, 1 bit at a time, byplacing each successive bit on the line for a duration of T seconds, until all bits have been transmitted. Then a single parity bit is calculated by the transmitter and sent after the data bits. Finally, the transmitter sends a stop bit at a mark level (i. e. the same level as the idle state) for one or two bit periods. Now the transmitter may send another character whenever it wishes4.The cellular switch, which can be either analog or digital, switches calls to connect mobile subscribers to other mobile subscribers and to the nationwide telephone network.. It also contains data links providing supervision links between the processor and the switch and between the cell sites and the processor. The radio link carries the voice and signaling between the mobile unit and the cell site. Microwave radio links or wire lines carry both voice and data between the cellsite and the MTSO.5.Today's telecommunication networks are characterized by specialization . This means that for every individual telecommunication service at least one network exists that transports this service. A few examples of existing public networks are described below Computer data are transported in the public domain by a packet switched data network (PSDN) based on X.25 protocol6.Today’s telecommunication networks are characterized by specialization . This means that for every individual telecommunication service at least one network exists that transports this service. A few examples of existing public networks are described below:Computer data are transported in the public domain by a packet switched data network (PSDN) based on X.25 protocols.Television signals can be transported in three ways: broadcast via radio waves using ground antenna, by the coaxial tree network of the community antenna TV (CATV) network or recently via a satellite, using the so-called direct broadcast system (DBS)7.By far the most popular serial interface between a computer andits CRT (显示器) terminal isthe asynchronous serial interface . This interface is so called because the transmitted data and the received data are not synchronized over any extended period and therefore no special means of synchronizing the clocks at the transmitter and receiver is necessary. In fact, the asynchronous serial data link is a very old form of data transmission system and has its origin in the era of the第1页共4页南京邮电大学teleprinter.8.At the receiving end of an asynchronous serial data link, the receiver continually monitors the line looking for a start bit. Once the start bit has been detected, the receiver waits until the end of thestart bit and then samples the next N bits at their centers, using a clock generated locally by the receiver. As each incoming bit is sampled, it is used to construct a new character. When the received character has been assembled, its parity is calculated and compared with the receivedparity bit following the character. If they are not equal, a parityerror flag is set to indicate a transmission error.9.If we consider binary transmission , the complete informationabout a particular message will always be obtained by simply detecting the presence or absence of the pulse. By comparison, most other forms of transmission systems convey the message information using the shape , or level of the transmitted signal ; parameters are most easily affected by the noise and attenuation introduced by the transmission path . Consequently there is an inherent advantage for overcoming noisy environments by choosing digital transmission.10. The Internet is the largest repository of information which can provide very large network resources . The network resources can be divided into network facilities resources and network information resources . The network facilities resources provide us the ability of remote computation and communication . The network information resources provide us all kinds of information services , such as science , education , business , history , law , art , and , entertainment , etc11.The SDH standards are based on the principle of direct synchronous multiplexing which is the key to cost effective and flexible telecommunication networking. In essence, it means that individual tributary signals may be multiplexing directly into a higher rate SDH signal without intermediate stage of multiplexing. SDH Network Elements can then be interconnected directly with obvious cost and equipment savings over the existing network.12.Improvements in component performance, cost, and reliability by 1980 led to major commitments on the part of telephone companies. Fibre soon became the preferred transmission medium for long-haul trunks. Some early installations 0. 8 µm light sources and graded-index multimode fibre, but by 1983, designers of intercity links were thinking in terms of 1. 3 µm, single-mode systems. The single-mode fibere, used in conjunction with a 1. 3 µm laser, provides a bandwidth advantage which translates into increased repeater spacings for high data rate system.13.The individual elements of multimedia are already handled by a standard 486 personal computer, such things as audio, graphics and text, but the major challenge is in real time video, for this is the major business requirement and a necessity if multimedia systems are to become standard items for the desktop. This real time processing requires a vast amount of data storage and this is a function of the amount of information contained in a colour picture, for instance a normal640×480pixel colour picture requires well over 1 M bytes of storage to give the required quality, though for full motion video this is increased up to 100 M bytes of data.1.读者也许会问，解复用器怎么知道哪一组8位码对应于第一路、第二路及其他各路呢?显然这是很重要的。
1995-2008年英语专业八级考试真题翻译及参考译文
1995-2008年英语专业八级考试真题翻译及参考译文1995年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分参考译文C-E原文：简.奥斯丁的小说都是三五户人家居家度日，婚恋嫁娶的小事。
因此不少中国读者不理解她何以在西方享有那么高的声誉。
但一部小说开掘得深不深，艺术和思想是否有过人之处，的确不在题材大小。
有人把奥斯丁的作品比作越咀嚼越有味道的橄榄。
这不仅因为她的语言精彩，并曾对小说艺术的发展有创造性的贡献，也因为她的轻快活泼的叙述实际上并不那么浅白，那么透明。
史密斯夫人说过，女作家常常试图修正现存的价值秩序，改变人们对“重要”和“不重要”的看法。
也许奥斯丁的小说能教我们学会转换眼光和角度，明察到“小事”的叙述所涉及的那些不小的问题。
参考译文：However, subject matter is indeed not the decisive factor by which we judge a novel of its depth as well as (of ) its artistic appeal and ideological content (or: as to whether a novel digs deep or not or whether it excels in artistic appeal and ideological content). Some people compare Austen’s works to olives: the more you chew them, the more tasty (the tastier) they become. This comparison is based not only on (This is not only because of ) her expressive language and her creative contribution to the development of novel writing as an art, but also on (because of ) the fact that what hides behind her light and lively narrative is something implicit and opaque (not so explicit and transparent). Mrs. Smith once observed, women writers often sought (made attempts) to rectify the existing value concepts (orders) by changing people’s opinions on what is ―important‖ and what is not.E-C原文I, by comparison, living in my overpriced city apartment, walking to work past putrid sacks of street garbage, paying usurious taxes to local and state governments I generally abhor, I am rated middle class. This causes me to wonder, do the measurement make sense? Are we measuring only that which is easily measured--- the numbers on the money chart --- and ignoring values more central to the good life?For my sons there is of course the rural bounty of fresh-grown vegetables, line-caught fish and the shared riches of neighbours’ orchards and gardens. There is the unpaid baby-sitter for whose children my daughter-in-law baby-sits in return, and neighbours who barter their skills and labour. But more than that, how do you measure serenity? Sense if self?I don’t want to idealize life in small places. There are times when the outside world intrudes brutally, as when the cost of gasoline goes up or developers cast their eyes on untouched farmland. There are cruelties, there is intolerance, there are all the many vices and meannesses in small places that exist in large cities. Furthermore, it is harder to ignore them when they cannot be banished psychologically to another part of town or excused as the whims of alien groups --- when they have to be acknowledged as ―part of us.‖Nor do I want to belittle the opportunities for small decencies in cities --- the eruptions of one-stranger-to-another caring that always surprise and delight. But these are,sadly,more exceptions than rules and are often overwhelmed by the awful corruptions and dangers thatsurround us.参考译文：对我的几个儿子来说，乡村当然有充足的新鲜蔬菜，垂钓来的鱼，邻里菜园和果园里可供分享的丰盛瓜果。
大学-英语专业-精读教材第一单元课文内容及翻译
大学英语专业精读教材第一单元课文内容及翻译《Half a Day》一、①I walked alongside my father ,clutching his right hand.〔走在父亲的身旁，我紧紧地抓住他的右手〕②All my clothes were new : the black shoes , the green school uniform ,and the red cap.〔那时，我穿着黑鞋子，绿校服，戴着红帽子，它们都是新的。
〕③They did not make me happy, however, as this was the day I was to be thrown into school for first time.〔然而，因为今天是我第一次被送去上学，所以这些衣服并没有给我带来一丝快乐。
〕二、①My mother stood at the window watching our progress, and I turned towards her from time to time, hoping she would help.〔母亲站在窗前望着我们缓缓前行，我也不时地回头看她，希望会从她那里得到帮助。
〕②We walked along a street lined with gardens, and fields planted with crops, pears, and date palms.〔我们沿着街道走着，街道两旁是花园和田野，田野里栽满了梨树和椰枣树。
〕三、①“Why school ?”I asked my father .“What haveI done ?”〔“我为什么要去上学？”我问父亲，“是我做错了什么吗？”〕四、①“I’m not punishing you,”he said ,laughing.“School’s not a punishment. It’s a place that makes useful men out ofboys. Don’t you want to be useful like your brothers?”〔“我不是在惩罚你，”父亲笑着说道，“上学不是一种惩罚。
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• 他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次 重游各地名山，反复观察变换的奇景 。
• 他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次重游 各地名山，反复观察变换的奇景。 • 译文1：He would revisit famous mountains at different time and in different seasons to observe the changing magnificent views time and again.
• 译文1：During his life time, Xu Xiake visited and explored 16 provinces, leaving his footprints in nearly every corner of the country. • 译文2：During his life time, Xu Xiake traveled around and conducted surveys in 16 provinces. he left his footprints in virtually every part of the country.
• 为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的 山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇 山秀景； • 弄清：find out; make clear • 真相：real situation（区别于表面或造假的情况 ）；the actual state of affairs; fact; truth • 真相大白come out in the wash; The truth is out; The facts are clear now. • 弄清真相：get a clear picture of
• 译文2： In order to develop a true picture of the natural world, he made it a point of undertaking his expeditions in those mountain areas where roads were difficult to travel and in those woods that were sparsely populated.
• 艰险：hardships and dangers； dangerous; treacherous; difficult • 人迹罕至：untraversed；unfrequented ；seldom visited • 奇山秀景：grotesque mountains and spectacular sceneries; • 奇：grotesque, peculiar, strange, unique • 秀：fantastic, miraculous, magnificent, spectacular
• 译文1：and found many inaccuracies in the travel notes on geography written by his predecessors. • 或：He found that many of the geographical records by other people before him were inaccurate. • 译文2：Instead, he discovered that the documentations made by his predecessors in their geographical studies were not quite reliable in many aspects.
• 为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路 艰险的山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察， 发现了许多奇山秀景； • 译文1：To get a true picture of nature, he picked/chose mountains with treacherous paths and unfrequented jungles for explorations, discovering many grotesque mountains and beauti，足迹几乎遍及 全国。 • 周游：到各处游历; 走遍travel across (around) ；tour；visit
• 考察: explore; make an on-the-spot investigation;
inspect • 足迹：footprint;footmark; trace • 遍及 spread all over
• We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the rules. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary rules, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun.
短文翻译讲解
汉译英
• 徐霞客一生周游考察了十六个省，足迹几 乎遍及全国。他在考察的过程中，从来不 盲目迷信书本上的结论。他发现前人研究 的地理的记载有许多不很可靠的地方。为 了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船 ，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为 了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰 险的山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发 现了许多奇山秀景；他常常选择不同的时 间和季节，多次重游各地名山，反复观察 变换的奇景。
• 为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几 乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉； • 为了: in order to, for the sake of, for the purpose of, with the aim of, with a view to • 细致的：careful, delicate, detailed • 乘车坐船：“乘坐”应使用一个词 by carriage and boat; take the wagon and the boat • 翻山越岭：翻越可使用一个词 climb/cross mountains and ridges • 长途跋涉: long difficult journeys
• 译文2：In this way he discovered many marvelous mountains and beautiful scenes. He frequently chose different times and seasons of the year to make repeated visits to the famous mountains across the country so that he could make repeated observations of their wonderful scenery that kept changing all year round.
英译汉
• Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of “The pleasure of taking pains”. The mortal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports to be effortless.
• 他发现前人研究的地理的记载有许多不很可靠的 地方。 • 前人：predecessor; forefathers; others • 前人栽树，后人乘凉。 One man sows and another reaps. • 记载：record; put down in writing; document; notes • 可靠: 真实可信 true，或准确accurate，信得过 reliable; trustworthy
• 为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几 乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉。 • 译文1：He seldom traveled by horse cart or boat but climbed mountains and ridges and took long, difficult journeys most of the time with the aim of conducting a real and careful exploration. • 译文2： In order to ensure that his reconnaissance were real and detailed, he seldom traveled by boat or by wagon. He climbed over mountain and hills and traveled long distances almost entirely on foot.