故宫外语版注音指摘
高三英语一轮复习：故宫(the Forbidden City)介绍课件
Introduction to the Forbidden City
Introduction to the Forbidden City
The Forbidden City was the palatial heart of China. It is an imperial palace complex of the Ming and Qing dynasties (1368– 1912) in Beijing, China.
谪仙当日事狂游，槌碎黄鹤夸风流。有无较版则且置，格高兴逸吞山邱。
故宫登楼名偶似，远眺欲见蓬瀛洲。陡思我祖开创艰，守成予责增惕愁。
The architecture
Wooden Structures without Nails
The Forbidden City is the largest and most complete complex of ancient wooden structures in the world.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, yellow was a
symbol of supreme power and only used by the
imperial family. If you climb up to the top of "Scenery
Hill" in Jingshan Park and overlook the Forbidden
Forbidden City carpenters used interlocking mortise and tenon joints to build its great palace buildings "harmoniously", without nails. Nails were considered violent andee an expanse of yellow glazed tile
故宫实用版+故宫外东路实用版导游词(英语)
The Forbidden CitySITUATION AOk,everybody,before we visit the Palace Museum, let me give you a brief introduction. The Palace Museum is also called the Purple Forbidden City because purple was regarded as the color of the God of Heaven’s residence. The City was heavenly guarded even the high—ranking officials were not allowed to step into the city without the emperor’s call not alone the common people, so it was called the Forbidden City. It is the larg est well-protected ancient imperial Chinese palace structure complex existing in the world. The Forbidden City lies in the heart of Beijing city built in 1420, there were 24 emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties ruled China in it for more than 5 centuries. The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape. Covering an area of 72 hectares, it is 960 meters from south to north and 750 meters from east to west. The10—meter---high city wall is encircled by a 52—meter--- wide moat. The Forbidden City has 4 city gates, the main entrance is called the Meridian Gate, the back gate is called the Gate of Divine Prowess; the east city gate is called the East Flower Gate and the west one called the West Flower Gate.4 magnificent turrets were built on 4 corners of the city. The whole City was composed by two functional sections: the frontcourt and the back yard. The front court was the ceremony area for important occasions. 3 most important palaces on the central axis are the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Complete Harmony and the Hall of Preserving Harmony. The back yard was the living area for the imperial family members also with 3 important buildings called the Palace of Heavenly Purity, the Hall of Union and Peace and the Palace of Earthly Tranquility. There is a lovely garden behind the back yard for entertainments.It took 100000 artisans and 1,000,000 laborers 14 years to complete the great project. It is said there were 9999 and half rooms in the Forbidden City. It’s to say if a new born baby was put in a dif ferent room to sleep over night everyday, after all the rooms were used, the baby would be a 27 ---year old young man.The Forbidden City had been heavily guarded from 1420 to the Revolution of 1911. Although in 1912 the last feudal dynasty---Qing dynasty was overthrown the last emperor and his royal family members were still permitted to live inside the Forbidden City till 1924. The Forbidden City was opened to the public under the name of the Palace Museum in 1925. After the founding of new China in 1949, the Palace Musem was repaired many times and got more and more grand. In 1987 The Palace Musem was listed by UNESCO as one of the human heritages.SITUATION BOk,everybody,before we enter the Palace Museum,I’d like to give you a brief introduction. The Forbidden City was built in 1420, there were 24 emperors ruled China in it for more than 5 centuries. After the last emperor was driven out of the Forbidden City, it was opened to the public under the name of the Palace Museum in 1925. 1987 was a big year for the Palace Musem because in that year,it was listed by UNESCO as one of the human heritages. This is the main entrance of the Forbidden City called the Meridian Gate because the emperor believed that his imperial residence was the cosmic center and the meridian line went right though the city, what’s more the gate is the beginning of the Forbidden City so it should be called the Meridian Gate.There are five openings on the gate, the middle biggest one was for the big boy; the left and right smaller ones were for the imperial family members and high—ranking officials. Guess which opening is for you? Of course the main entrance today but if you had come hundreds of years ago, you would have to use the opening on our left hand because it was especially reserved for foreign envoys. One thing to remind, no smoking please in the complex and thank you for you understanding.Well, everybody,look at the board please.The visiting route in the compound is as follows we are going to visit the ceremony area first, the most important attractions in this area are the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Complete Harmony and the Hall of Preserving Harmony. Later on, we will move ahead to the residential area to see the Hall of Heavenly Purity, the hall of Union and Peace, the Hall of Earthly Tranquility in the back yard. Finally We will enjoy the beautiful view of the Imperial Garden before we finish the tour.The whole trip will take us about two hours. Please do follow me during the tour for I will introduce the above---mentioned highlights one by one in details and of course I will give you some time to take pictures at the best places. If in case someone gets lost, please don”t worry, just try to move ahead to meet us along the visiting route or just give me a call and I will come back for you. You know my portable phone number right?Only one exception,if you get lost and perfer staying here to be an emperor or empress,please don”t call me.Before we take a look inside the hall, let me introduce the decorations in front of the hall first. This is an ancient timer called the Sundial. The small stone pavilion over there is called the Pavilion of Jialing. Jialing used to the national standard grain measuring devices. The sundial and Jianling represented the emperor’s justice and rectitude. The cranes and turtles were for stability and longevity of the dynasty.The characters on the plaque inside the hall mean a wise emperor should behave himself and to be kind to his people. The last emperor of the Qing dynasty Puyi took the imperial throne in 1908 here. Have you ever seen the movie,the Last Emperor?It just reappeared the grand ceremony. +++Now, everybody! 5 minutes for you to take a look inside and see you over there.+++ scraped…bayonets…magnanimous…This is the Hall of Complete Harmony. It’s the emperor’s waiting room.Before the big ceremony, the emperor would come here to take the last---minute preparation. The charactors on the plaque mean to be an emperor,one should keep everything in balance and to do this one should be just and unselfish.The handwritting is perfect,do you know whose handwritting are the charactors in?+++The bigger palace behind the small one is the Hall of Preserving Harmony. It used to be the place for the state banquets and also for the imperial examinations.+++VENLY PURITYThis is the main entrance of the back yard called the Gate of Heavenly Purity, In front of the gate, there is a pairof life--like lions, Why are they put here? And anybody can tell which one is male and which one is female?…In the ancient time in China, lions were regarded as good door keepers, it’s said they could keep the evil spirit out; the one with a ball under the paw is the male lion, the ball represents the earth, the design meant that the emperor was the lord of the earth showing the imperial power; the one with a cub is the female lion, the cub symbolized the coming generation, the design meant that the emperor had a family with a flourishing population, so the imperial power could be passed down in the family and the dynasty would be lasted forever.+++VENLY PURITYThis is the emperor’s palace called the Hall of Heavenly Purity. It was used for the emperors to handle state affairs in the day and sleep at night.The charactors on the plaque mean to be open and aboveboard.The Hall of Earthly Tranquility used to be the empress’s palace and later the function of the palace was changed. The bigger west room was for daily sacrifice; the smaller east room was the emperor’s wedding chamber. When the emperor got married, he and his em press would stay here for the first 3 nights, later they moved to other palaces to reside.+++This hall used to the place for the Qing emperors to reside and the very place where the last emperor in Chinese history lost his imperial power.T he middle room was the emperor’s office and the back rooms were for the empress and concubines to reside.Let’s go to take a look.+++The Imperial Garden was the recreational area for the royal family members in the Forbidden City. The most important building in the garden is the Hall of Imperial Peace.The God of water is enshrined there for preventing fire.There are many Strange trees and stones in the Imperial Garden.1.Look, that’s the Chinese Valentine’s Tree.Taking a picture with your another half together,love is forever…2.This is the Rock of Sea Cucumber…3.This is the Rock of Tooth…This is the Lucky Hill in the garden. Why is it called the Lucky Hill? According to Chinese Lunar Calendar,the 9th day of the 9th Lunar Month is Chinese Height—Climbing Day. On that day,people would climb up a high place like a hill or a mountain.Because people believed that by climbing up,they could avoid illness and bad luck and so it was the emperor. On that day,the big boy,his empress and several concubines would mound the hill and drink chrysanthemum wine in the pavilion. The pavilion is small,so only serveral concubines could have the good luck to be with the emperor that day,this is the first reason why the hill is called the Lucky Hill.The second reason of the name is that…look, there is a small gate at the foot of the hill,entering the gate,there is a zigzag cave,so it’s a nice place for the emperor and his concubines to pl ay hide—and---seek after they drank the wine. First,the emperor hid somewhere in the cave,later on, the concubines tried to find the big boy.After the game,the concubines would be appinted the champion,runner—up and the third rank according to the job they did.The thrid rank concubine would be given a silver ingot,the runner—up,a gold ingot,the champion would be given a piece of jade for fragrant memory and she was regarded as the most lucky favorite of the year. Because in Chinese culture,jade represents luck,forturn,power and reputaion.How about taking the last picture in the Palace Musem in front of the Lucky Hill?... Ok, maybe tomorrow, you can get your lucky piece of jade on the way to the Great Wall.Look at the huge vats,do you know the function of them?...Well,they were used for storing water against fire. Look at the base,there is a square hole,what’s it for?...For making fire to prevent the water in the vat from being frozen in winter.Finally,look at the scraping marks on the vat,what happened? Tha t’s the mark of history. In 1900,when the Eight Powers invaded Beijing,the invading troops scraped the gold off and in the meanwhile,they imprinted the crime on …(They were respectively Britain,Frencc,Germany,Italy,Japan,Russia,America and Austria). All’s gone with history,we Chinese people have forgiven them because we are maganimous.Do you know the full name of the vats?...They are called the Peace Water Vats.It’s to say we Chinese people love peace and I think people in all countris love peace because we need a peaceful world and that’s the very reason why we host the Olympic Games in Beijing. For me, I hope I have friends all over the world and at least I’ve got **friends,you.故宫外东路实用版导游词Ok，everybody，let’s stop here for a while, I’d like to give you a brief introduction to the Outer Eastern Route of the Forbidden.The Outer Eastern Route of the Forbidden City is a group of important and independent buildings. It’s called the Palaces of Tranquility and Longevity.Actually this compound is a small Forbidden City in the large Forbidden City. It was constructed for the Emperor Qianlong to live after he passed down his imperial power to his son.Look,The Hall of Imperial Zenith and the Palace of the Tranquility and Longevity are in the front part of the compound. This area is somewhat like the front court of the Forbidden City. It was for the emperor to receive the festival greetings. And the famous Thousand---Old—Men Banquet was held in the Hall of Imperial Zenith in 1796. What’s the Thousand---Old ---Men Banquet? That’s a kind of special banquet held by the emperors.The guests invited were all on—the ---job and retired offcials more than 65 years old to show the prosperity of the dynasty.This kind of special banquet were held four times in the Qing Dynasty.The last time was held here. 3056 old men took part in the grand banquet.+++Now,let’s take a look at the treasures on display here…The back part is just like the Inner Court of the Forbidden City. It was the emperor’s living quarter. Today, they are the exhibition halls of precious treasures.Now, let me introduce some of them.The gold bells were made of 480 kilos of gold for playing ancient court music.The gold tower was made of 107.5 kilos of gold for containing the Emperor Qinglong’s mother’s fallen hair.The armor is made of 600,000 pieces of rectangular steel plates. It weighs over 15 kilos.The ivory mat was made in the years of Qing Emperor Yongzheng. It is woven of strips of 0.1 centimeter thick and 0.3 centimeter wide. The mat is 139cm wide and 216cm long weighing 51 kilos. Five mats were made, but only three still remain.This is a big largest jade carving in China, called The Great Yu harnessing Flood . It is 2.24 meters high,as weitght as 5 tons. The material was mined in Xinjiang. It took three years to transport it to Beijing and then it was shipped to Yangzhou for carving and finally was moved back to Beijing. The mining, transportation and carving, took altogether ten years.+++To the west of the central axis lies a small garden. That’s the Emperor Qianlong’s Garden. The garden is rectangular in shape with an area of 6,400 square meters.It is very exquisit and beautiful, because all the buildings in the garden are perfectly arranged.+++To the east of the central axis towers a grand opera house. That’s the Changyin Pavilion.It is about 20 meters high with three storeies symbolizing happiness, emolument and longevity. Each level had its own entrance and exit. There are trap---doors in the ceiling for fairies to descend from the heaven and the trap door on the stage floor was for demons to come out form beneath. Empress Dowager Cixi often enjoyed perforance here+++ Finally, let me tell you the story of the the Zhenfei Well. It locates in the north part of the complex.The well is the place where the Emperor Guangxu’s concubine Zhenfei was drown. But who was Zhenfei? Who was Zhenfei drown in the well? Well, the story goes like this,Concubine Zhenfei was the dearest concubine of Emperor Guangxu.She was pretty and smart,so she was deeply loved by the emperor. What’s more, she supported the Emperor to reform.That made Empress Dowager Cixi very unhappy.After the Reform Movement failed, Cincubine Zhenfei was driven to the Cold Palace for punishment. In 1900, when the Eight Powers invaded Beijing. Concubine Zhenfei was drown in the well at the order or Empress Dowager Cixi. At the time, she was only 25 years old. You may ask why didn’t the Emperor Guangxu save his concubine? The fact was that the emperor was just a puppet emperor contralled the Empress Dowager Cixi, so he could do nothing at all,a poor fellow.Well, that’s a sad story, but we had a wonderful visit in the Forbidden City. Thank you for your cooperation during the visit and thank you for your listening and attention.。
故宫紫禁城英语
故宫紫禁城英语一、单词1. Forbidden City- 英语释义：The imperial palace complex in Beijing, China, which was off - limits to the common people during imperial times.- 用法：作为专有名词，首字母大写。
例如：The Forbidden City is a world - famous tourist attraction.- 双语例句：The Forbidden City was the home of emperors for hundreds of years.（紫禁城数百年来是皇帝的居所。
）2. Palace Museum- 英语释义：A museum located in the Forbidden City, housing a vast collection of imperial art treasures and historical artifacts.- 用法：可单独使用，也可与其他表示地点或描述的词搭配。
例如：We visited the Palace Museum last weekend.- 双语例句：The Palace Museum showcases the splendid culture of ancient China.（故宫博物院展示了古代中国灿烂的文化。
）3. imperial- 英语释义：Relating to an empire or emperor; having the qualities associated with an emperor, such as grandeur, power, and luxury.- 用法：可作形容词修饰名词。
例如：imperial palace（皇宫）。
- 双语例句：The imperial architecture in the Forbidden City is magnificent.（紫禁城里的皇家建筑很宏伟。
《故宫博物院》生字拼音近反义词与词语解释.doc
《故宫博物院》生字拼音近反义词与词语解释编辑：指导：日期：《故宫博物院》生字拼音近反义词与词语解释关于故宮故宫为中国明、清两代的皇宫。
依照中国古代星象学说，紫微星（即北极星）位于中天，乃天帝所居，天人对应，是以故宫又称紫禁城。
明代第三位皇帝朱棣在夺取帝位后，决定迁都北京，永乐四年( 1406年)即开始营造宫殿，至永乐十八年(1420年）落成。
1911年，辛亥革命推翻了中国最后的封建帝制——清王朝，1924年清帝被逐出宫禁，1925年故宫博物院成立。
正音解词：矗立（chù）鳌头（áo）湛蓝（zhàn）琉璃（liú）蟠龙（pán）中轴线（zhóu）金銮殿（luán）击磬（qìng）檀木（tán）攒（cuán）乾清宫（qián）坤宁宫（kūn）肃穆（mù）奏极（zòn）额枋（fāng）藻井（zǎo）矫健（jiǎo）妃嫔（pín）翊坤宫（yì）迥然不同（jiǒng）多音字：模：mó模型mú模板难：nán难题nàn难民词语解释：宏大：巨大；宏伟。
造句：这座宫殿建筑群规模宏大，气势磅礴。
集中：把分散的人、事物、力量等聚集起来；把意见、经验等归纳起来。
文中指故宫建筑群整体上体现了我国古代建筑艺术的独特风格。
俗称：①通俗地叫作。
②通俗的名称。
本文是第一种意思。
造句：自动挡是汽车自动变速器的俗称。
矗立：高耸地立着。
矫健：强壮有力。
绚丽：灿烂美丽。
造句：花园里那绚丽的鲜花令人眼花缭乱。
衬托：为了使事物的特色突出，把另一些事物放在一起来陪衬或对照。
造句：旺盛的绿叶把红花衬托得更加鲜艳美丽。
肃穆：(气氛、表情等）严肃而恭敬。
造句：那位烈士的灵堂布置得庄严肃穆。
迥然不同：形容相差很大，完全不同。
迥然：形容差别很大。
造句：这对双胞胎的性格迥然不同，一个沉着，一个急躁。
故宫导游词音译英语
故宫导游词音译英语故宫导游词音译英语作为一名专门为游客提供优质服务的导游人员，有必要进行细致的.导游词准备工作，导游词是导游人员引导游客观光游览时的讲解词。
那么你有了解过导游词吗？下面是小编为大家整理的故宫导游词音译英语，欢迎大家分享。
故宫导游词音译英语1Ladies and gentlemenHello everyone! My name is Li Hugo. What do you call me? Just call me director Li. I'm glad I can accompany you to visit the Forbidden City.Located in the center of Beijing, the Forbidden City is the imperial palace of Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is called the "Forbidden City". The Palace Museum experienced two dynasties of Ming and Qing Dynasties and 24 emperors. The Palace Museum is a large-scale, 750 meters wide in the West and East, 960 meters long in the South and North, covering an area of 720000 square meters, with more than 150000 square meters of buildings and more than 1000 houses. It is the largest and most complete ancient building in the history of the world. When you enter the gate of the Forbidden City, you will see five white marble bridges. Why are they five, instead of seven, eight, or even ten? It turns out that emperors in ancient times must have such characteristics as benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and faith. That's why they are five stone bridges.There are hundreds of stone pillars on the bridge. There are countless little lions carved on the pillars. Some of them nod and frown as if they are sad and unhappy. Some of them open their teeth and claws as if they are showing their power. The imperialgarden of the Forbidden City, formerly known as the palace houyao, covers an area of 12000 square meters.In the center of Wei'an hall, the garden buildings are built with stone bricks, and the symmetrical lattice bricks are compact. The imperial pavilion was built on Duixiu mountain in the northeast of the hall. The emperor ascended here on the Double Ninth Festival every year.Well, tourists, let's have a rest here. You can also take pictures of your favorite scenic spots and pay attention to health and safety.故宫导游词音译英语2Dear tourists, Hello! I'm your guide. My name is Lin. please call me Lin guide. Nice to meet you. Now I'm going to show you around the Forbidden City in Beijing and enjoy our cultural heritage.Now let me give you a brief introduction to the Forbidden City: the Forbidden City is the imperial palace of Ming and Qing Dynasties in China, and it is also the largest and most complete ancient architectural complex. I hope you will be civilized tourists when you visit. Do not litter, do not touch objects, so that we can enjoy the historical atmosphere of the Forbidden City.Now we enter the gate of the hall of Supreme Harmony, and the grand palaces are at the banquet. The biggest wooden building in front of us is the hall of supreme harmony. It is a symbol of imperial power, whenever there are major activities, the emperor held here.In the back of this row of resplendent palaces are Zhonghe hall and Baohe hall. After touring the magnificent Taihe hall, you must be tired. Let's have a rest here. You can walk around and have a look. We'll gather at the gate of the Royal Garden in 20minutes.It's time for a break. Everyone's here. I want to ask if you can feel the strong flavor of life here? All the daily necessities here were first-class at that time, and the outdoor place in the harem was the imperial garden. Its pattern, compact layout, antique, dotted with flowers and trees. Very beautiful. Pavilions and pavilions depend on each other. It's a nice place with pure heart, elegant and pleasant.This is the end of the tour. Have a good time! Thank you!故宫导游词音译英语3Dear tourist friendsToday, let me show you around the Forbidden City.Located in the center of Beijing, the Forbidden City is the imperial palace of Ming and Qing Dynasties, also known as the Forbidden City. The Palace Museum was built from the 4th to 18th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty, which is now known as 1406 to 1420. The Forbidden City in Beijing is the top five palaces in the world. The other four palaces are the palace of Versailles in France, the palace of Buckingham in England, the Kremlin in Russia and the White House in the United States. The Palace Museum is 961 meters long from north to South and 753 meters wide from east to west, covering an area of 725000 square meters. The building area is 15. 50000 square meters. Is the Forbidden City big enough!It is said that there are 9999 people in the Forbidden City. Five rooms, someone has made a figurative metaphor: if someone starts living from the birth, they can live until they are 27 years old. According to 1973 experts, there are 8704 rooms in the Palace Museum.The Palace Museum has four gates. The main gate is calledMeridian Gate. There are five holes in the Meridian Gate. Its plane is concave, magnificent. Behind the Meridian Gate, there are five exquisite white jade arch bridges leading to the Taihe gate. The east gate is named Donghua gate, the west gate is named Xihua gate, and the north gate is named Shenwu gate. The four corners of the Forbidden City have exquisite turrets, which are 27 meters high. 5 meters, Cross Ridge, triple eaves, surrounded by mountains, multi angle crisscross, is the structure of the building.The back door is Shenwu gate, which was called Xuanwu Gate in Ming Dynasty. Xuanwu is one of the four sacred beasts in ancient times. In terms of location, the left green dragon, the right white tiger, the front rosefinch, the back Xuanwu, and Xuanwu dominates the north. Therefore, the north gate of the Imperial Palace is mostly named Xuanwu. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, it was renamed "shenwumen" because of taboo. Shenwu gate is also a gate tower form, with the highest level of double eaves veranda roof, but its main hall has only five bay plus Gallery, no left and right forward extension of the two wings, so in the form of a lower level than Meridian Gate. Shenwu gate is the entrance guard for daily access to the palace. Now Shenwu gate is the main gate of the Palace Museum.Donghuamen and xihuamen correspond to each other. There are Xiama steles outside the gate. The golden water inside the gate flows to the north of Henan Province. There is a stone bridge on the top of the gate, and there are three gates in the north of the bridge. Donghua gate and Xihua gate have the same shape, with rectangular plane, red platform, white jade xumizuo, and three coupons in the middle. The coupons are square outside and round inside. On the platform of the city, there is a tower with yellow glazed tiles and double eaves on the top of the hall. Thetower is 5 rooms wide and 3 rooms deep, with corridors on all sides.The first three halls are the largest buildings in the palace, covering an area of 8 square meters. 50000 square meters, which is 12% of the palace city, while the latter three temples are 25% of the former three palaces, which are expected to decrease in turn, mainly highlighting the main position of the former three palaces and the latter three palaces. In 1961, it located the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units in China.Well, you can move freely. Pay attention to safety and keep the scenic spots clean. Have a good time.故宫导游词音译英语4Hello and welcome to visit the Forbidden City, the largest palace complex in China this afternoon. My name is he Chaozhen. Today I will accompany you on your wonderful journey this afternoon. The Palace Museum is located in the center of Beijing, formerly known as the Forbidden City. It is the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, an unparalleled masterpiece of ancient architecture, and the largest and most complete existing ancient architectural complex in the world. Known as the top of the five palaces in the world. The Palace Museum was built in 1406 AD and completed in 1420. It was first built by Ming Emperor Zhu Di.The Palace Museum is 961 meters long from north to South and 753 meters wide from east to west, covering an area of 723600 square meters. The building area is 155000 square meters. It is said that the Palace Museum has a total of 9999.5 rooms. Actually, according to 1973 experts' field measurement, the Palace Museum has more than 90 courtyards and 980 houses, totaling 8707 rooms. The palace city is surrounded by a 12 meterhigh and 3400 meter long palace wall in the form of a rectangular City, surrounded by a 52 meter wide moat, forming a fortress with strict barriers.The Palace Museum has four gates, the main gate is called Meridian Gate, the east gate is called Donghua gate, the west gate is called Xihua gate, and the north gate is called Shenwu gate. Attention, we are now in the northernmost part of the Forbidden City, Shenwu gate. Walking into Shenwu gate and passing through shunzhen gate, we are faced with a large mural, which is the archway gate surrounded by Jifu gate, Yanhe gate and Chengguang gate. Behind it, that is, to the south, is our famous imperial garden.Yongle in the Ming Dynasty 15 years (1417) began to build, completed in 18 years, known as the "palace after the court.". Qing Dynasty Yongzheng Dynasty, known as the "royal garden.". It is located at the north end of the central axis of the Forbidden City. The garden wall is 135 meters wide from east to west and 89 meters deep from north to south, covering an area of 12015 square meters. The buildings in the park adopt the layout of central axis symmetry. The buildings along the East and West roads are basically symmetrical. Most of the buildings in the park are built against the wall, and only a few exquisite pavilions stand in the park, so the space is comfortable and wide.The park is full of ancient cypress and old locust trees, with a list of stone and jade seats, bronze statues of Jinlin and potted flower stake scenery, which adds to the changes of the scene in the park and enriches the level of the landscape. The colorful pebbles on the ground of the royal garden are also very peculiar. They can be inlaid into symbolic patterns of fortune, fortune and longevity. There are more than ten LIANLI trees in the RoyalGarden, most of which are cultivated by pine and cypress. In tianyimen, there is one of the most famous LIANLI trees in the garden. The trunk of the tree is connected by two cypress trees, which grow very thick and luxuriant.There is also a legend about LIANLI tree. It is said that during the Warring States period, King Kang of the Song Dynasty took Han Ping's wife he's family as his concubine, and forced Han Ping to build Qingling terrace. After the terrace was built, King Kang killed Han Ping. He was in agony at the news. When attending Han Ping's funeral, she jumped into the grave and died.Out of jealousy and malice, the cruel king of Kang buried the corpses of Han Ping and his husband and wife on the left and right sides of Qingling terrace, not allowing them to be buried together. But the next year, on the tombs of Han Ping and he Shi, two towering trees grew slowly. The middle part of the trunk was close together and tightly connected. So later generations call this kind of tree "LIANLI tree", which means the pure love between husband and wife. OK, let's go on. Ahead is Kunning palace.It used to be the Queen's bedroom. In the Qing Dynasty, it was changed to a place for worshiping gods and marrying the emperor.Look, on the left side of Kunning palace, there is a stone like pancake with a needle on it. This is the sundial, which is the ancient clock. Its principle is to distinguish time by the shadow of the sun shining on the needle. Further north, there are Jiaotai palace and Qianqing palace, which together with Kunning palace just passing by are called "the three rear palaces". Around the Qianqing palace, through the Qianqing gate, is a large central square. It's like a dividing line, dividing the Forbidden City intotwo parts.If you are tired, you can have a rest on the chairs around the square. By the way, do you remember that there are many bronze VATS along the way. Do you know what they are for? (interaction) according to research, the buildings in the Palace Museum are all brick and wood structures, which are easy to catch fire. Once a fire breaks out, if it can't be put out in time, it will spread quickly, and turn this valuable and splendid building into nothing in an instant.For this reason, the builders of the Forbidden City pay special attention to fire prevention, and set up these VATS in front of the palace, which are called "Menhai". Menhai is the "sea" in front of the gate. With the "sea" in front of the gate, the palace museum with brick and wood structure is not afraid of fire. Therefore, these vats are also called auspicious vats.It is conceivable that our ancestors were very clever. Have you had a rest? Let's move on. This is the most famous and magnificent "three halls" of the Forbidden City: Taihe hall, Zhonghe hall and Baohe hall. Because we are going from south to north, we see Baohe hall and Zhonghe hall first. Up to now, the surrounding area is much wider than just now, which also shows the gap between the "front three halls" and "back three halls" of Bauhinia city. We should observe the details of everything. Let's take a look at the steps on the sole of our feet. They are made of marble, and their patterns are very beautiful.These patterns are mainly auspicious clouds, surrounded by a few dragons. Their appearance is vivid and lifelike, which fully reflects the wisdom of the ancient working people of our country. 故宫导游词音译英语5Hello, tourists. I'll show you around the Forbidden City.First of all, let me introduce the general situation of the Forbidden City. The Forbidden City used to be called the Forbidden City. It was the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The Forbidden City covers an area of more than 720000 square meters and has a history of 600 years. 24 emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties lived here. There are more than 8700 palaces in the Forbidden City, which is the largest and best preserved palace complex in China and the world. These palaces are arranged along the central axis and spread out on both sides. They are symmetrical in left and right. The pattern is solemn and grand. In a word, when you enter the palace of Ming and Qing Dynasties today, you will enter the treasure house of Chinese civilization.Meridian Gate is the main gate of the palace, because it is located in the south of the Forbidden City, so it is called Meridian Gate. Donghuamen is the east gate of the Imperial Palace in Ming Dynasty, which corresponds to xihuamen from east to west. On the high wall of the Forbidden City, there are four exquisite turrets. They are like four pearls, inlaid in the high wall, they are not only our country, but also the world's architectural products.In the wide taihemen square, there is a royal road paved with blue and white stones in the middle, which only the emperor could walk. From the north of Taihe square, on the tall and beautiful white jade platform, there is a magnificent building called Taihe hall, which is also called Jinluan hall. The base of this white marble platform is as high as 8 meters, higher than the current two-story building. Among all the palaces in the Forbidden City, Jinluan hall is the most respected. The highest level ceremonies and ceremonies were held here.When we stroll among these palaces, we can not only touchits bricks and tiles, but also appreciate precious cultural relics such as bronze, jade, calligraphy and painting, jewelry, etc. You will not love enough, nor see enough。
(完整版)中国故宫(紫禁城)英文版详细介绍
At each end of the hall of supreme harmony have beast of prey. There are many pictures in the part of tile build. Such as dragon and phoenix, lion and hippocampus. These pictures are symbol of good luck and majesty. Architects think that the Palace Museum is an incomparable masterpiece of architecture and design.
The colors of the forbidden city
Yellow and vermilion are the thematic colors
The bream color is blue and white
• The gold and red building, against the huge white marble terraces on which they stand, form a striking contrast in color.
Forbidden City
The common English name, "the Forbidden City", is a translation of the Chinese name Zi jin Cheng. The name "Zi jin Cheng" is a name with significance on many levels.
Thank you
故宫英文介绍中英对照
故宫英文介绍中英对照The Forbidden City, also known as the Palace Museum, is a majestic palace complex located in the heart of Beijing, China. It served as the imperial palace for 24 emperors during the Ming and Qing dynasties, spanning over 500 years of history.Covering an area of 180 acres, the Forbidden City is the largest palace complex in the world. It is surrounded by a 26-foot high wall and a moat that symbolizes protection and security. The complex consists of 980 surviving buildings with over 8,700 rooms, showcasing traditional Chinese architecture and design.The Forbidden City is divided into two main sections: the Outer Court and the Inner Court. The Outer Court was used for ceremonial purposes, where the emperor would meet with officials and foreign dignitaries. The Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Central Harmony, and the Hall of Preserving Harmony are the main buildings in this section.The Inner Court was the living quarters for the emperor and his family. It includes the Palace of Heavenly Purity, the Hall of Union, and the Palace of Earthly Tranquility. The emperor's living quarters were located here, along with the concubines' quarters and the imperial gardens.The Forbidden City is home to a vast collection of cultural relics and artifacts, including paintings, calligraphy, ceramics, and jade. The Palace Museum houses over 1.8 million pieces of art and artifacts, making it one of the most comprehensive collections of Chinese art in the world.One of the most famous attractions in the Forbidden City is the Hall of Supreme Harmony. This grand hall was used for important ceremonies and events, such as the emperor's enthronement and birthday celebrations. It is the largest building in the complex and is adorned with intricate carvings and decorations.Visitors to the Forbidden City can explore the various halls, pavilions, and courtyards that make up this historic site. The architecture, artwork, and culturalsignificance of the Forbidden City make it a must-see destination for tourists from around the world.In 1987, the Forbidden City was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognizing its outstanding universal value and historical significance. It continues to be a symbol of China's rich cultural heritage and a testament to the country's imperial past.Overall, the Forbidden City is a remarkable architectural masterpiece that offers a glimpse into China's imperial history and traditions. Its grandeur, beauty, and historical significance make it a must-visit destination for anyone interested in Chinese culture and history.。
故宫导游词英文版
故宫导游词英⽂版 故宫英⽂版在此，有需要的朋友赶紧过来收藏吧！ 题⼀：午门前讲故宫 Ladies and gentlemen: The Palace Museum is located in the center of Beijing. It is also known as the Forbidden City in the old days. Actually it was the imperial palace for the emperors and served as both living quarters and the venue of the state administration in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Its name, on the one hand, comes from ancient Chinese astronomers' belief that God's abode or the Purple Palace, the pivot of the celestial world, is located in the Pole Star, at the center of the heavens . Hence, as the Son of God, the emperor should live in the Purple City. On the other hand, except for palace maids, eunuchs and guards, ordinary the Forbidden City and the Purple City. It took 14 years to complete the magnificent palace. Construction began in 1406 and finished in 1420. The following year, in 1421 the capital of the Ming Dynasty was moved from Nanjing to Beijing. Starting from the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty Zhu Di to the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty Pu Yi, altogether 24 emperors lived here for a total of 491 years. 14 of then were Ming emperors and 10 were Qing emperors. The Forbidden City covers an area of 72 hectares with a total floor space of about 163,000 square meters. It is rectangular in shape, 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west with a10-meter high city wall surrounded and encircled by a 52 meter-wide moat. At each corner of the surrounding wall, there is a magnificent watchtower which was heavily guarded in the old days. The Forbidden City now consists of more than 90 palaces and courtyards, 980 buildings with rooms of 8,704. Most of the structures in the Forbidden City were made of wood with white marble, stone or brick foundations. The building materials were from parts of our country. The timber came from Sichuan, Guizhou, Guandxi, Hunan and Yunnan provinces in southwest China. But in the Qing Dynasty, the timbers were transported from northeast China. Other construction materials, including brick, stone and lime, were used by both Dynasties. The golden bricks that paved the halls were manufactured in Suzhou, refined bricks used to build the foundation of halls were made in Linqing, and lime came from Yizhou. White marble was provided regularly by Fangshan County and glazed tiles by Sanjiadian. The Forbidden City can be divided into two parts: the Outer Court and the Inner Palace. The Outer Court consists of three main buildings where the emperors attended the grand of rear three main buildings and the six eastern palaces and six western palaces where the emperor used to handle daily affairs and the living quarters for the emperor, empress and imperial concubines to live in. The Forbidden City is the best-preserved imperial palace in China and the largest ancient palatial structure in the world. In 1987 it was listed as the world cultural heritage by UNESCO. The Meridian Gate is the main entrance to the Forbidden City. It is called Meridian Gate because the emperor believed that the meridian line went right through the Forbidden City and his imperial residence was the center of the whole universe. It is 35.6meters high with five towers on the top, so it is also nicknames as the “Five-Phoenix Tower.” The Meridian Gate was the place to announce the new lunar year calendar on the first day of 10th lunar month every year. Lanterns would also be hung up on the Meridian Gate on the 15th day of the first lunar month during the Ming Dynasty, when all the officials would have a feast in the Forbidden City and ordinary citizens, when all the officials would have a fast in the Forbidden City and ordinary citizens would go to the Meridian Gate to look at the beautiful lanterns. When a general returned from battle, the ceremony of “Accepting Captives of War” was held here. The “Court Beating” also took place here. The gate has five openings. The central passageway was for the emperor exclusively. But apart from the emperor, the empress could use the central passageway on the day of the imperial wedding ceremony. However, after the palace examination, the first top three outstanding scholars were allowed to go through the central gate. The high-ranking civil and military officials went in through the side gate on the east. The two smaller ones on both sides at the corner were for the lowranking officials. During the Palace Examination all the candidates went in from these two side-gates according to the odd number or even number. 题⼆：故宫前朝(中路：太和门⾄保和殿) Entering the Meridian Gate, there are five marble bridges on the Inner Golden Water River, shaped like a bow. The five marble bridges just look like five arrows reporting symbolically to heaven. The five bridges were supposed to represent the five virtues preached by Confucius-benevolence, righteousness, rite, intelligence and fidelity. Across the Inner Golden Water Bridge, we get to the Gate of Supreme Harmony. During the Ming and early Qing dynasties, here was the place where the emperor gave his audience, accepted documents from his ministers and made decisions here. There are two bronze lions guarding in front of the Gate of Supreme Harmony. The male lion was usually put on the left, playing with an embroidered design ball, which is said to show the emperor's supreme power. The other one on the right is the female lion, playing with a lion cub with its left paw symbolizing prosperity of the royal family's offsprings. Across the Gate of Supreme Harmony , we come to the Hall of Supreme Harmony. Here the emperor held grand ceremonies such as the emperor's enthronement ceremony, the wedding ceremony, dispatched generals to the battles, and the emperor received the successful candidates of the imperial examination etc. Also, the emperor held grand feasts each year on New Year's Day, Winter solstice and his own birthday. The Hall of Supreme Harmony is 35.5 meters high with double layered roof that represents the highest construction rank of all. Now, let's ascend the stairs and move on to look at articles in display on two sides of the hall. On the top layer of the terrace stands a sundial on the east an imperial grain measure on the west. The sundial is an ancient time measure or a time-measuring apparatus used in the old days. The sundial tells the time by seeing the shadow of the metal pin on the sundial, which has an inclination angle of 50 degrees with the graduation on it. The grain measure was used as the national standard measure in agriculture in the old days. Both the grain measure and the sundial were symbols of the emperor's justice and rectitude. There are two pairs of incense burners in the shape of bronze dragon-headed tortoises and bronze cranes placed on each side. They are both symbols of longevity. When you look up the building in the Forbidden City, you can see mythical animal statues on the eaves of each building. Originally, there used to be big wooden nails on the roof to prevent the tiles from sliding down. Later they were replaced by glazed tiles, which were shaped into mythical animal statues for better beautification. They are symbols of auspiciousness and peace, and people believed that they are capable of subduing fire and warding off evil spirits. Inside of the Hall of Supreme Harmony, you can see the gilded caisson ceiling high above the throne with a magnificent sculpture of a curling dragon playing with a huge pear was called “Xuanyuan Jing”， representing orthodox succession. This hall is supported by 72 giant columns inside. In the old days, the traditional way of the Chinese to calculate a “room”is that: a square enclosed by four pillars was treated as one “room”， so the hall can be said to have 55 “rooms” in total. The six columns inside are gilded and painted with coiled dragon amidst clouds, and the rest are painted red. The emperor's throne is placed on the dais in the center, and carved in cloud and dragon patterns and gilded. On both sides of the throne are a pair of elephant-shaped incense burners symbolize universal peace and two incense burners shaped as a mythical animal 9,000 kilometers per day and speaking all the languages of nearby kingdoms. Around the throne stand a pair of bronze cranes and in front of the dais is four cloisonné incense burners. The floor on the ground is paved with “Gold Bricks”， specially made in Suzhou. The Hall of Middle Harmony is a square-shaped hall with a single pyramidic roof standing behind the Hall of Supreme Harmony. This was the place where the emperor would take a short rest before he went to the Hall of Supreme Harmony for grand ceremonies. Every year before the emperor went to the Altars and Temples, the emperor would receive and read the sacrificial address here. Before the emperor went to the Altar of Agriculture for offering the sacrifice, the seeds intended for spring sowing and the ploughs were examined here, just to show the concern of the emperor for agriculture. According to the rule, the imperial genealogy should be revised every ten years. The ceremony of presenting the genealogy to the emperor for revision and approval would also be held here. Now, we come to the Hall of Preserving Harmony, the last of the three front halls. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, on each New Year's Eve and the 15th day of the lunar moth, banquets would be held to entertain the civil and military officials and the princes and envoys of the Mongolian nobles and other nationalities. To celebrate the princess's marriage, the emperor would incite the bridegroom and his father as well as their relatives who served for the imperial government to a banquet. The Imperial Palace Exam was held here once every three years in the Qing dynasty. Just behind the Hall of Preserving Harmony, there is a big Marble Rampcarved with mountain cliffs, sea waves, clouds and nine dragons. It is 16.57 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick, and weighs about 250 tons. 题三：后廷中路(乾清门⾄神武门) The Gate of Heavenly Purity, where emperors from Kangxi to Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty sat on the throne hearing reportsand making decisions, is the main gate of the Inner Court. In front of the Palace of Heavenly there is a small miniature gilded pavilion standing on the east is called Jiangshan Pavilion, representing the integrity of the country; the one on the west is called Sheji Pavilion , the God of Land and Grain, a symbol of bumper harvest in agriculture. The first of the three back palaces, the Palace of Heavenly Purity was where the 14 emperors of the Ming and the first two emperors of the Qing Dynasties lived and handle the daily affairs. It was used as an audience chamber for receiving envoys from vassal states who presented their tributes to the emperor. Here was also the place for holding the mourning service for the deceased emperor. The famous “banquet of thousand aged people” was held twice here in the Qing Dynasty. The three famous events took place here. They are “the red pill” event, the “palace coup in 1542” and the event of “moving from this palace.” The plaque inscribed by the first Qing Emperor Shunzhi, hangs over the throne in the palace and reads, “Be Open and Aboveboard.” It enumerates with modesty, the qualities an ideal Son of Heaven should possess. Beginning in the Qianlong's reign, for reasons of security the name of the successor to the throne was not announced publicly, as it had been preciously, but was written instead on two pieces of paper, one kept on the emperor's person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small box that was stored behind this plaque. The box was opened only when the emperor passed away. The Palace of Union and Peace was the place where the empress held the important ceremonies and her birthday celebration. The empress usually received greetings from the concubines, concubines, princes and princesses on her birthday celebration. In the Qing Dynasty, the ceremony for examining the tools of picking mulberry was held here one day before the empress went out to offer the sacrifices on the altar for silkworm in spring. In 1748, Emperor Qianlong kept twenty-five imperial seals in this hall, symbolizing the imperial power of the emperor. Twenty-five was regarded as a heavenly number for the reason of that: if we plus the total odd numbers of one, three, five, seven and nine together, that is twenty-five which means the imperial authority from the heaven and also indicates the Qing dynasty could rule the country for at least twenty-five generations. The Water Clock is placed on the west side of this building. It is a time-measure, made by the manufacturing office of the Qing Dynasty based on the Western mechanic theory. On the west of this building, there is a 5.6-meter-high large western chiming clock. There is a plaque hung in the center of this hall, with two Chinese characters “Wu Wei” inscribed on it. The palace of Earthly Tranquility was used as the residence for the empresses during the Ming and early Qing dynasties. During the Qing dynasty, the western chamber became the wedding chamber for the emperor. The Imperial Garden is located on the north-south axis almost at the north-south axis almost at the northern end of the Forbidden City. It is rectangular in shape, 90 meters long from north to south and 130 meters wide from east to west, with an area of over 11, 700 square meters. The Hall of Imperial Peace is the main building in the Imperial Garden and also the only religious building built along the central axis. It is a Taoist temple and inside the hall the statue of the King of Xuan Wu used to be enshrined. There are four pavilions built on left and right of the Hall of Imperial peace, two on each side, representing the four seasons of the year. Near the north gate in the Imperial Garden, the Imperial View Pavilion stands on an artificial hill of rocks. The rockery is called “Collecting Elegance Hill”。
江苏省张家港市第一中学七年级英语牛津译林版下册Unit3integraedskills
Make plans for a visit
Would you like to …?/ What about …? What can we do/ see there? How can we go there? When/ where shall we meet? How far is it …? OK! That’s fine/ great/ interesting. That sounds great. No problem! See you …!
Translate the Chinese into English : 1．在商场的五楼你可以看到许多工艺品. 2．在南京博物院你能欣赏到中国画。
You can see many works of art on the fifth floor of the mall.
3．买那本书吧。里面有许多有趣的故事可看。 4．让我们明晨在旅馆前面见面吧！
Fengxian Palace clocks and watches
• The Palace Museum is ____ to __. Every day, lots of people ____. There are a lot of beautiful ___ the PM. • The most important palaces are __and__. • Today we’ll visit __ first, at 10 a.m. It’s about ___ high. • At 10:30 am, we’ll go to ___. We’ll see beautiful ___ there. • __, we’ll go to __ to see __ works of art. • Then we’ll __. At 1pm, we’ll see some __ in __. Finally, at bout 2:30 pm, we’ll visit ___ to see ___. After that, …
北京故宫 The_Forbidden_City-Beijing
The Forbidden City故宮-紫禁城First created 20 Feb 2011. Version 1.0 Jerry Tse. London.All rights reserved. Available free for non-commercial and non-profit use only.Plan The Outer CourtThe Inner CourtThe palace was divided into twoparts .The Outer Court was usedfor state ceremonies.The Inner Court was the residenceof the Emperor and his family.Itwas also used for running theday-to-day affairs of state.It wasrun by eunuchs.In early Ming Dynasty,there wereabout 1630halls.In early Qingthere were 1800halls.Currentlythe palace has 2631halls and 90courtyards.The Ming Builders 明Zhudi was the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty.He decided to move the capital from Nanjing to Beijing.He was a megalomaniac.Not only did he built the Forbidden City In Beijing,he also restored the Great Wall&the Grand Canal and sent his armada of ships into the Indian Ocean reaching Saudi Arabia and Africa.Zhu Di 朱棣A late 15C to early 16C painting depicting the Heavenly Succession Gate 承天門and the Outer Five Dragons Bridge 外五龍橋near today’s Tiananmen. In1406,he started building the Forbidden City,which took15years to complete in1421,employing200,000 craftsmen and million of labourers to build.It created an architectural complex unmatched in history.It is the biggest palace the world have even seen,with some1630 halls.Unfortunately,it was burned down3times by major fires during the273years of the Ming Dynasty and had to be rebuilt again.Construction MaterialsBricks and Golden Bricks 金磚–Bricks were used for paving and for the external walls.Floor tiles are known as Golden Bricks,made in Suzhou.These were made of clay and took two months firing in kilns.A floor tile took two years to make,and can last for centuries.They are called Golden Bricks because they are expensive to make.Timber –All palace buildings used timber frame structures.The most important of timber are the pillars of Nanwu wood 楠木(Phoebe Zhennan).These logs were transported from south western China and took 4years for the journey.Some 100,000Nanwu pillars were used in the construction.The wood work were covered by a secret formulated paste,mixed with pig’s blood,flour and earth for preservation.Marble 漢白玉石–The main buildings of the palaces were build on marble terraces.There is a huge inclined slab,with carved dragons,weighs 300tons.These were transported on sheets of ice pulled by 20000men and horses and took a month to travel the 50km journey.Glazed Roof Tile –By far the most common roof tiles are the yellow glazed tiles.Yellow being the colour of the emperor.A few houses are covered with green tiles for the princes.Qing 清During the Qing dynasty,the palace was rebuilt many times afterfires.Many buildings were also added to the palace.Below is aview of the palace on the wedding of the Qing Emperor Guangxu.Qianlong乾隆(1711-95)The longest reigning emperor (1736-95)of Qing Dynasty.He started a60years major upgrade of the palaces.He was a highly cultured emperor,with a diverse range of interests–from collecting jade to calligraphy etc.It was his collection more than any other emperors that form the backbone of the collection of the Qugong Museum in Beijing and of the Palace Museum of Taipei.Under him,imperial China reached the zenith of her power.Moat The palace is surrounded by a52m wide moat.Walls The exterior walls is10m high,8.6m thick at the base.The core of thewall is filled with earth,surfaced with three layers of special bricksCorner Towers 角樓There are four watch towers at the four corners of the palace walls.GatesThere are some 10,000 gates in the palace.Meridian Gate 午門This is the grandest of all the palace gates. It is nearly 38m high. This marks the beginning of the palace complex.Decorative Glazed Tiles 琉璃Apart from the distinctive yellow glazed tiles used forthe roofs,tiles were also used as decorations onscreens and walls.RoofMythical creatureson the roof ridgesshowing the statusof the building.Distinctive yellow glazed tiles makethe palace stand out from the rest ofthe city.Because most Chinese roofs were curved, the timber frame that supported the roof became more complicated.Wooden ConstructionChinese carpenters developedsome of the most complicatedwooden joints used in buildings(see diagram on the right).Oneof these complicated joint is theLuban Locking Joints魯班鎖,which is a joint used for threeperpendicular beams. Timber Frame 梁架Traditional large Chinese buildings were mainly built of wood.Allthe weight of the building are supported by a wooden frame.Thusthe wall are light and not weight bearing.BracketingDougongs are brackets that lockbeams together with pillars together.The technique dated back to twothousand years.斗栱Ceilings Caisson 藻井Coffered ceilings.天花Terraces 台基The use of terraces in Chinese architecture dated back to over 3000years. The three main buildings of the outer court were built on a threetiers of marble terraces decorated with beautiful carved balustrades.Carved Slab The carved slab on the central staircase of the main terrace. Onlythe emperors were allowed to be carried over it.Outer Court外朝During the Ming Dynasty, the Outer Court is used by the emperor to attend the daily affairs of the state.During the Qing Dynasty, this usage was moved to the Inner Court. However, the Outer Court was always used for the special state occasions and ceremonies.The three most important buildings lies on the central north-south axis. They are the Hall of Supreme Harmony太和殿(first building on the photo), the Hall of Central Harmony 中和殿(the small building behind) and the Hall of Preserving Harmony 保和殿.Supreme Harmony 太和殿The original Ming building was twice as large as the current hall. It is oneof the largest wooden structure within China. The building is the focalpoint of the palace. It was used in Ming Dynasty to administration stateaffairs. In Qing Dynasty it was used only for ceremonial occasions.太和殿Hall of Supreme Harmony -InteriorRichly decorated withbeautiful carvings,theDragon Throne stands ona raised platform,surrounding with urns,incense burners,carveddragons,cranes andelephants.Envoys were required tokneel and kowtow to thefloor nine times onapproach to the emperor.Supreme Harmony 太和殿It is the largest timber frame building in China. The building was destroyed 7 times. The last rebuilt was in 1695-1697.Central Harmony 中和殿It is small square hall,serving as a rest room.It was a stop over room for the emperor for last minute preparations before conducting state or ceremony affairs.ThroneA beautifully carved dragon standing on the back of the throne.There are several thrones in the palace.They are all beautifully carved.Some are in gold colour and others with natural wood colours.Hall of PreservingHarmony保和殿The hall was used for the‘imperial examination’, as well as banquets on Lunar New Year’s Eve to entertain ministers,generals,as well as Mongolian and Tibetan nobles.Musical Instruments A rack of gilded musical bronze bells used during ceremonial and state occasions.The bells are similar in size and different notes are produced using bells with different thickness.Inner Court 內朝The Gate of Heavenly Purity (above) leading into the Inner Court. The three most important buildings in the Inner Court echoes the group of the three buildings in the Outer Court. They are the Hall of Heavenly Purity 乾清宫(first building on the photo), the Hall of Union 交泰殿(the small building behind) and the Hall of Earthly Tranquillity 坤宁宫.The Inner Court was the home of the Emperor and his family. In Qing Dynasty the some halls within theInner Court were used by for administering state affairs.The Gate of HeavenlyPurity乾清門Entrance to the private world of the emperor.Palace of Heavenly Purity乾清宫In early Qing Dynasty and Ming Dynasty,it ishere that the emperor conducted the day-to-day affairs.In late Qing,it was used as anaudience hall to receive foreign envoys andhigh ranked officials.Hall of Union交泰殿The building was used as the empress’dressingroom or celebrations of her birthdays.Theimperial seals were also kept in here in Qing.Clepsydra (Water clock) The main mechanism of the water clock consists of three copper containers filled with water.Water drips from the top container to containers below in turn.The amount of water collected at the bottom is used to tell the time.Hall of Earthly Tranquillity坤寧宫The last of the Inner Court halls.Hall of Earthly Tranquillity坤寧宫In Ming Dynasty,thebuilding was used asthe residence of theempress.In Qing it wasconverted into severalrooms and set out inManchurian style forreligious services.Thebuilding included akitchen for preparingfood for worship.Italso has a bridal roomand a study for theemperor.The Qing emperor Yongzhen 雍正moved the emperor residence here.The empress Dowager Cixi 慈禧(reign1861-1908)used the place to received state officials and ruled China.Hall of Mental Cultivation 養心殿Hall of Mental Cultivation養心殿The main reception room where later Qing emperors attended state affairs.Hall of Mental Cultivation養心殿This is the Cixi慈禧throne room.Behind the screen of the throne was another throne,on which the Dowager Empress ruled China.Hall of Mental Cultivation養心殿This was the emperor’s bedroom behind the reception room of the Hall of Mental Cultivation.Imperial Garden 御花園There are four gardens in the Inner Courtof the palace. The Imperial Garden beingthe largest of them all.A giant incense burner in the garden.Imperial GardenPavilion of Imperial Prospect overlooking the garden. 御景亭御花園Imperial Garden御花園Studio of Spiritual Cultivation. 養性齋Imperial Gardens御花園This is the First Gate of Heaven天一門.Court LifeEmperor Qianlong watching princes playing in snow.To maintain the palace during the QingDynasty,280,000taels of silver wereneeded each year or approximately340,000troy ounces ofsilver.Last emperor and empress of China.Theatre –Pavillion of Pleasant Sounds, 暢音閣.The largest stage of the three stories theatre in the palace.Painted decorationsSuzhou style polychrome painted decorationsPainted beams and bracketsBronze Animal sculpturesBronze tortoise incense burner.Gilt bronzeelephant in thegarden.Gilt bronze lion.Bronze lion at the Gate of Supreme Harmony.Doors decorationsGate of Martial Spirit.Hall of Union.Carved panelon the doors atthe Hall ofImperialSupremacyHall of Mental CultivationQugong Museum The Forbidden City is also the home to the Palace Museum, Beijing.Music –Flying Dragons and Jumping Tiger 龍騰虎跃composed by Li Minxiong李民進and performed by HongKong Chinese Orchestra.The EndAdvance to next slide to see briefnotes on Chinese architecture.Chinese Traditional Palatial (Dian 殿) Architecture Chinese architecture uses modular architectural plan.Buildings are connected by corridors or unified by courtyards.Buildings are not integrated to form a larger building.Using timber as primary building material,this is the most important single characteristics of Chinese architectural approach.Transportation costs can be very ing timber also put a limit on the size,the height and the age of buildings. The availability of large hard wood timber is also a limitation.Chinese Dian buildings are based on a timber frame.The walls of the buildings are not weight bearing.This allows more light and airy interior.Buildings are cool in summer but difficult to keep warm in winter.Buildings are inherent‘earthquake proof’.To give the timber frame strength,interlocking joints were developed to a very high level of sophistication.This can be seen in the Dougong bracketing techniques.The basic principles and architectural design did not changed much for centuries.Chinese buildings are very colourful and timber does not preserved well.The maintenance costs are very high.Finally Chinese buildings are very vulnerable to fire.The Hall of Supreme Harmony was rebuilt7times,in500years.TimelineThe End Carved dragon on wooden screen behind the throne.。
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ここでようやく殿内とのうちに入れる
いれるわけですが、殿堂でんどうの
中なかでもっとも目立つめだつ
柱
はしらです。
柱はしらの高さたかさは12.7メートルめーとる、直径ちょっけいは 1.06メートルめーとる楠くすのきの木です。
殿堂でんどうの真ま正面しょうめんには２平方へいほうメートルめーとるの台だいうえりゅう風びょうぶが置いておいてあります。
玉座ぎょくざの周囲しゅういには風がわりかぜがわりの両側りょうがわには６本６ほんの柱はしらが天井てんじょうに伸びてのびています。
それに沿って見上げるみあげると天井てんじょうの真ん中まんなかに、生き生きいきいきとした龍りゅうが水銀すいぎんの塗ってぬってあるガラスがらすの玉たまを
くわえている彫刻ちょうこくが吊り下げられてつりさげられているのが見えます。
これが即ちすなわち
「龍戯珠」（りゅう
ぎしゅ）、「避塵珠」（ひじんしゅ）、「夜明珠」（やめいしゅ）と民間みんかんで広くひろく言われていわれて
いる
ものです。
皇帝こうていはこれを「軒轅鏡」（けんえんきょう）と言っています。
軒けん轅えん氏しが中華ちゅうか
民族みんぞくの祖先そせんと考えられてかんがえられている大昔おおむかしの黄帝こうていの名前なまえです。
彼かれの住むすむ所ところは軒けん轅えんと言いいい、彼かれが作った鏡かがみも軒けん轅えん鏡かがみと言われるいわれるということから、のちの皇帝こうていはみな軒けん轅えん鏡かがみで自分じぶんが正統せいとうの皇帝こうていであることを示したそうしめしたそう
です。
进入殿内，殿堂中最显眼的是72根柱子。
柱高为12.7米，直径为1.06米，全部是一整根金丝楠木。
殿堂的正面是一个2平方米的平台，台上设雕龙的宝座和屏风。
座前陈列各种烧檀香的器物及其他陈设。
方台两旁是六根高大的蟠龙金柱延伸到天花板。
顺着柱子看的话，在天花板的正中间，是一条栩栩如生的蟠龙，嘴里衔着一个涂着水银的玻璃球。
这便是民间广为流传的“龙戏珠”、“避尘珠”或“夜明珠”。
皇帝称之为“轩辕镜”。
轩辕是上古时代黄帝的名字。
据说他住的地方叫轩辕丘，他创造的镜子也被称为轩辕镜，后来的皇帝为了维护其正统地位，用轩辕镜表示自己是皇帝的后代。
太和殿由于历史原因，被焚毁过几次，而离我们最近一次重修是在清朝，72根柱子已经被换成了从东三省深山老林中砍伐的松木。
轩辕镜可以分辨真假天子，袁世凯登基时，因为心虚害怕轩辕镜会掉下来砸死自己，于是下令将龙椅往后移了三米，现在在故宫中我们见到的龙椅仍旧是向后移三米摆放的。
①轩辕”一词本是出自于上古时代，黄帝因长在姬水，居住在轩辕之丘，就以姬为姓，轩辕为号，所以后人也称黄帝为轩辕氏。
②相传中华文明发端之始，黄帝就开始造车，并因此被称为轩辕氏。
轩辕二字指的就是车。
③早在神话传说时代和往古的神话传说史实中，龟作为中国古代的四大灵物之一（另三大灵物为龙、凤、麟）就已经渗入到与农耕民族极为相关的水文化之中。
中国第一帝王黄帝，号为轩辕氏，轩辕二字，即力天，意思是神化了的大龟。