考研英语培训 use of English
考研英语模拟题(六)及答案
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
1.［A］ unsolvable ［B］ additional ［C］ unsustainable ［D］ undue
2.［A］ delaying ［B］ retaining ［C］ detaining ［D］ hindering
3.［A］ ultimate ［B］ unattainable ［C］ specific ［D］ expensive
Section Ⅰ Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) from each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
11.［A］ should pay ［B］ paying ［C］ be paid ［D］ would pay
12.［A］ but ［B］ for ［C］ and ［D］ thus
13.［A］ multitude ［B］ implementation ［C］ application ［D］ generosity
考研英语(完形填空)-试卷10
考研英语（完形填空）-试卷10(总分：120.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：In Europe, there has been a serious decline in physical activity over the past 50 years. Adults aged 20-60 years【C1】______500kcal less energy per day than they did 50 years ago. This is the 【C2】______to the running of a marathon each week. Even【C3】______of participation in walking and cycling are declining, all of which suggests we should be【C4】______to the nearest gym. But the "green" policies of these establishments【C5】______to be pretty disappointing: factor in air-conditioning, laundering of towels, energy-consuming exercise【C6】______and the fact that 90% of exercisers【C7】______to the gym. British Military Fitness, the UK"s leading【C8】______fitness provider, offers a programme of nationwide classes in parks, and on common lands, in the【C9】______of its Gym Intervention programme. The organisation【C10】______not just the fitness benefits of working out outside, also our need to spend time in the great outdoors to 【C11】______overall mental and physical wellbeing. Group activity is declining as fast as our fit ness rates, so the complete ethical workout doesn"t merely【C12】______the greenness of the equipment, but also the social capital to be【C13】______by joining in. It also【C14】______to start early. Children urgently need to become more【C15】______. and yet according to Natural England, a public body that encourages people to enjoy their natural surroundings, the amount of time and【C16】______children have with nature is declining; fewer than 10% now play in natural places【C17】______woodlands, countryside and common land compared with 40% of children 40 years ago. Research shows that children who are【C18】______to nature will continue to visit【C19】______landscapes in adulthood and be committed to【C20】______them.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.exhaustB.exitC.executeD.expend √解析：解析：首句讲到“人们体力活动严重减少”，因此推断消耗的能量也变少，故选D项expend“消耗”。
考研英语二模拟试题及答案解析(16)
考研英语二模拟试题及答案解析（16）(1~20/共20题)Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.While western governments worry over the threat of Ebola, a more pervasive but far less harmful__1__is spreading through their populations like a winter sniffle: mobile personal technology.The similarity between disease organisms and personal devices is__2__. Viruses and other parasites control larger organisms, __3__ resources in order to multiply and spread. Smartphones and other gadgets do the same thing, __4__ever-increasing amounts of human attention and electricity supplied __5__ wire umbilici.It is tempting to__6__a "strategy" to both phages and phablets, neither of which is sentient.__7__, the process is evolutionary, consisting of many random evolutions, __8__experimented with by many product designers. This makes it all the more powerful.Tech__9__occurs through actively-learnt responses, or "operant conditioning" as animal be haviourists call it. The scientific parallel here also involves a rodent, typically a rat, which occupies a__10__cage called a Skinner Box. The animal is__11__with a food pellet for solving puzzles and punished with an electric shock when it fails."Are we getting a positive boost of hormones when we__12__look at our phone, seeking rewards?" asks David Shuker, an animal behaviourist at St Andrews university, sounding a little like a man withholding serious scientific endorsement__13__an idea that a journalist had in the shower. Research is needed, he says. Tech tycoons would meanwhile __14__ that the popularity of mobile devices is attributed to the brilliance of their designs. This is precisely what people whose thought processes have been__15__by an invasive pseudo-organism would believe.__16__, mobile technology causes symptoms less severe than physiological diseases. There are even benefits to__17__sufferers for shortened attention spans and the caffeine overload triggered by visits to Starbucks for the free Wi-Fi. Most importantly, you can__18__the Financial Times in places as remote as Alaska or Sidcup. In this__19__, a mobile device is closer to a symbiotic organism than a parasite. This would make it__20__to an intestinal bacterium that helps a person to stay alive, rather than a virus that may kill you.第1题A.phenomenonB.epidemicC.issueD.event第2题A.strikingB.obscureC.interestingD.mysterious第3题A.relyingC.grabbinging第4题A.taking overB.feeding onC.catching upD.allowing for 第5题A.withB.overC.toD.via第6题A.pointB.turnC.attributeD.prefer第7题A.InsteadB.MoreoverC.ThereforeD.Otherwise 第8题A.whichB.asC.thatD.where第9题A.progressB.termC.crisisD.addiction 第10题A.dangerousB.specialrgeD.funny第11题A.rewardedB.resistedC.resumedD.reversed第12题B.occasionallyC.happilyD.endlessly第13题A.withinB.fromC.aboutD.through第14题A.supportB.approveC.argueD.insist第15题A.formedB.seperatedC.classifiedD.modified第16题A.SurprisinglyB.ImportantlyC.FortunatelyD.Regrettably 第17题pensateB.helpfortD.improve第18题A.shareB.obtainC.subscribeD.observe第19题A.partB.senseC.levelD.way第20题A.adaptiveB.carefulC.similarD.captive下一题(21~25/共20题)Section ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections :Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.New science reveals how your brain is hard-wired when it comes to spending—and how you can reboot it.The choice to spend rather than save reflects a very human—and, some would say, American—quirk: a preference for immediate gratification over future gains. In other words, we get far more joy from buying a new pair of shoes today, or a Caribbean vacation, or an iPhone 4S, than from imagining a comfortable life tomorrow. Throw in an instant-access culture—in which we can get answers on the Internet within seconds, have a coffeepot delivered to our door overnight, and watch movies on demand—and we´re not exactly training the next generation to delay gratification. "Pleasure now is worth more to us than pleasure later," says economist William Dickens of Northeastern University, "We much prefer current consumption to future consumption. It may even be wired into us. "As brain Scientists plumb the neurology of an afternoon at the mall, they are discovering measurable differences between the brains of people who save and those who spend with abandon, particularly in areas of the brain that predict consequences, process the sense of reward, spur motivation, and control memory. In fact, neuroscientists are mapping the brain´s saving and spending circuits so precisely that they have been able to stir up the saving and disable the spending in some people. The result: people´s preferences switch from spending like a drunken sailor to saving like a child of the Depression. All told, the gray matter responsible for some of our most crucial decisions is finally revealing its secrets.Psychologists and behavioral economists, meanwhile, are identifying the personality types and other traits that distinguish savers from spenders, showing that people who aren´t good savers are neither stupid nor irrational—but often simply don´t accurately foresee the consequences of not saving. Rewire the brain to find pleasure in future rewards, and you´re on the path to a future you really want.In one experiment, neuroeconomist Paul Glimcher of New York University wanted to see what it would take for people to willingly delay gratification. He gave a dozen volunteers a choice: $ 20 now or more money, from $ 20.25 to $ 110, later. On one end of the spectrum was the person who agreed to take $21 in a month—to essentially wait a month in order to gain just $ 1. In economics-speak, this kind of person has a "flat discount function", meaning he values tomorrow almost as much as today and is therefore able to delay gratification. At the other end was someone who was willing to wait a month only if he got $ 68, a premium of $48 from the original offer. This is someone economists call a "steep discounter", meaning the value he puts on the future (and having money then) is dramatically less than the value he places on today; when he wants something, he wants it now.第21题When it comes to spending, new evidence shows that it______.A.is a difficult habit to explainB.can be stopped and restartedC.is a difficult mental decisionD.is an inherent disposition第22题When brain scientists "plumb the neurology of an afternoon at the mail", they______.A.spend a whole afternoon watching shoppers going roundB.interview shoppers to ask them embarrassing questionsC.measure the brain activity of people engaged in shoppingD.study current consumption rather than future consumption第23题The scientists studying spending habits______.A.can change people´s buying habits by making them drunk like sailorsB.are still at a loss about what causes some people to save or spendC.can change those who spend with abandon into those who saveD.can predict whether people spend or save by controlling people´s memory第24题If you are rewarded for saving, you are likely to______.A.abandon unnecessary purchasesB.demand more rewardsC.become irrational and stupidD.care less about the consequences第25题Neuroeconomist Paul Glimcher wants to find out______.A.whether people agree to delay a bigger gratificationB.what makes people postpone satisfactionC.how steep discounters gratify themselvesD.what creates the flat discount function上一题下一题(26~30/共20题)Section ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections :Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1."Is it a vital interest of the state to have more anthropologists?" Rick Scott, the Florida governor, once asked. A leader of a prominent Internet company once told me that the firm regards admission to Harvard as a useful proof of talent, but a college education itself as useless. Parents and students themselves are acting on these principles, retreating from the humanities.I´ve been thinking about this after reading Fareed Zakaria´s smart new book, In Defense of a Liberal Education. Like Mr. Zakaria, I think that the liberal arts teach critical thinking. So, to answer the skeptics, here are my three reasons the humanities enrich our souls and sometimes even our pocketbooks as well.First, liberal arts equip students with communications and interpersonal skills that are valuable and genuinely rewarded in the labour force, especially when accompanied by technical abilities. "A broad liberal arts education is a key pathway to success in the 21st-century economy," says Lawrence Katz, a labour economist at Harvard. Professor Katz says that the economic return to pure technical skills has flattened, and the highest return now goes to those who combine soft skills— excellence at communicating and working with people—with technical skills.My second reason: We need people conversant with the humanities to help reach wise public policy decisions, even about the sciences. Technology companies must constantly weigh ethical decisions. To weigh these issues, regulators should be informed by first-rate science, but also by first-rate humanism. When the President´s Council on Bioethics issued its report in 2002, "Human Cloning and Human Dignity," it depends upon the humanities to shape judgments about ethics, limits and values.Third, wherever our careers lie, much of our happiness depends upon our interactions with those around us, and there´s some evidence that literature nurtures a richer emotional intelligence. Science magazine published five studies indicating that research subjects who read literary fiction did better at assessing the feelings of a person in a photo than those who read nonfiction or popular fiction. Literature seems to offer lessons in human nature that help us decode the world around us and be better friends. Literature also builds bridges of understanding.In short, it makes eminent sense to study coding and statistics today, but also history and literature.第26题What is implied in the first paragraph?A.Parents may encourage their children to major in anthropology.B.The humanities in Harvard are not popular among parents and students.C.The leader of an Internet company values Harvard education itself most.D.Rick Scott may think anthropologists aren´t key interests of the state.第27题Lawrence Katz holds that broad liberal arts______.A.are enough for you to succeedB.can enrich your wallets in economyC.achieve balance between communicating value and soft skillsD.maximize your potential when coupled with technical skills第28题Which of the following cannot be used as the example of the second sentence in Paragraph 4?A.Should Youtube change its web page?B.Where should Facebook set its privacy?C.How should Google handle sex and violence articles?D.Should Twitter close accounts that seem sympathetic to terrorists?第29题According to the Science magazine, compared with people reading literary fiction, those reading nonflction______.A.evaluate the work more difficultyB.decode the emotional state poorlyC.have richer emotional intelligenceD.recognize the portrait more easily第30题On the whole, the reasons that the humanities enrich our spiritual life include all the following EXCEPT______.A.they are useful for improving emotional intelligenceB.they are essential to the wise decisions of an organizationC.they link the soft skills with technical skills in the labour forceD.they benefit students in communications and interpersonal skills上一题下一题(31~35/共20题)Section ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections :Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Robots have been the stuff of science fiction for so long that it is surprisingly hard to see them as the stuff of management fact. It is time for management thinkers to catch up with science-fiction writers. Robots have been doing menial jobs on production lines since the 1960s. The world already has more than 1 million industrial robots. There is now an acceleration in the rates at which they are becoming both cleverer and cheaper: an explosive combination.Robots are learning to interact with the world around them. Their ability to see things is getting ever closer to that of humans, as is their capacity to ingest information and act on it. Tomorrow´s robots will increasingly take on delicate, complex tasks. And instead of being imprisoned in cages to stop them colliding with people and machines, they will be free to wander.Until now executives have largely ignored robots, regarding them as an engineering rather than a management problem. This cannot go on: robots are becoming too powerful and ubiquitous. Companies certainly need to rethink their human-resources policies—starting by questioning whether they should have departments devoted to purely human resources.The first issue is how to manage the robots themselves. An American writer, Isaac Asimov laid down the basic rule in 1942: no robot should harm a human. This rule has been reinforced by recent technological improvements: robots are now much more sensitive to their surroundings and can be instructed to avoid hitting people.A second question is how to manage the homo side of homo-robo relations. Workers have always worried that new technologies will take away their livelihoods, ever since the original Luddites´ fears about mechanised looms. Now, the arrival of increasingly humanoid automatons in workplaces, in an era of high unemployment, is bound to provoke a reaction.Two principles—don´t let robots hurt or frighten people—are relatively simple. Robot scientists are tackling more complicated problems as robots become more sophisticated. They are keen to avoid hierarchies among rescue-robots(because the loss of the leader would render the rest redundant). They are keen to avoid duplication between robots and their human handlers. This suggests that the world could be on the verge of a great management revolution: making robots behave like humans rather than the 20th century´s preferred option, making humans behave like robots.第31题The second sentence implies that management thinkers should_____.A.turn robots into superheroes and supervillainsB.give robots names such as the TerminatorC.ponder more about homo-robo relationsD.create more robots with super power第32题Which of the following statements is true about robots?A.They will be free and colliding with people and machines.B.They deliver information by acting like a human being.C.Their eyesight is becoming closer to men´ s.D.They will do sophisticated jobs.第33题The word "ubiquitous"(Para. 3)probably means______.A.numerousB.pervasiveC.intelligentplicated第34题To deal with the second problem, companies may not_____.A.show employees that the robot sitting alongside them is a complete helpmateB.explain that robots can help preserve manufacturing jobs in the rich worldC.persuade workers that robots are productivity-enhancersD.tell workers that robots are not just job-eating aliens第35题From the passage we can see that the author thinks homo-robo relations_____.A.are intrusiveB.render worriesC.become sentientD.require specifications上一题下一题(36~40/共20题)Section ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections :Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Organizations and societies rely on fines and rewards to harness people´s self-interest in the service of the common good. The threat of a ticket keeps drivers in line, and the promise of a bonus inspires high performance. But incentives can also backfire, diminishing the very behavior they´re meant to encourage.A generation ago, Richard Titmuss claimed that paying people to donate blood reduced the supply. Economists were skeptical, citing a lack of empirical evidence. But since then, new data and models have prompted a sea change in how economists think about incentives—showing, among other things, that Titmuss was right often enough that businesses should take note.Experimental economists have found that offering to pay women for donating blood decreases the number willing to donate by almost half, and that letting them contribute the payment to charity reverses the effect. Dozens of recent experiments show that rewarding self-interest with economic incentives can backfire when they undermine what Adam Smith called "the moral sentiments". The psychology here has escaped blackboard economists, but it will be no surprise to people in business: When we take a job or buy a car, we are not only trying to get stuff—we are also trying to be a certain kind of person. People desire to be esteemed by others and to be seen as ethical and dignified. And they don´t want to be taken for suckers. Rewarding blood donations may backfire because it suggests that the donor is less interested in being altruisticthan in making a dollar. Incentives also run into trouble when they signal that the employer mistrusts the employee or is greedy. Close supervision of workers coupled with pay for performance is textbook economics—and a prescription for sullen employees.Perhaps most important, incentives affect what our actions signal, whether we´re being self-interested or civic-minded, manipulated or trusted, and they can imply—sometimes wrongly—what motivates us. Fines or public rebukes that appeal to our moral sentiments by signaling social disapproval (think of littering) can be highly effective. But incentives go wrong when they offend or diminish our ethical sensibilities.This does not mean it´s impossible to appeal to self-interested and ethical motivations at the same time—just that efforts to do so often fail. Ideally, policies support socially valued ends not only by harnessing self-interest but also by encouraging public-spiritedness. The small tax on plastic grocery bags enacted in Ireland in 2002 that resulted in their virtual elimination appears to have had such an effect. It punished offenders monetarily while conveying a moral message. Carrying a plastic bag joined wearing a fur coat in the gallery of anti-social anachronisms.第36题From the first two paragraphs, we know that______.A.economic incentives actually discourage people to behave wellB.economists didn´t agree with Titmuss for the lack of empirical evidenceC.economists now prompt businesses to note down Titmuss´s claimanizational and social progresses depend on economic incentives第37题According to experimental economists,______.A.a decreasing number of people donate blood for charityB.more money is offered, fewer people donate bloodC.economic incentives clash with "the moral sentiments"D.economic incentives may run in the opposite direction第38题It can be known from the text that incentives are characterized as______.A.implicativeB.effectiveC.manipulatingD.counterproductive第39题The small tax on plastic grocery bags in Ireland is mentioned to show that______.A.incentives can harness egoism and inspire altruismB.Ireland is determined to eliminate plastic pollutionC.monetary punishments usually have moral implicationsD.incentive policies by the government are more effective第40题What is the message the author intends to convey?A.Money is not everything; instead, there is always something else.B.Incentives have more negative influences than positive ones.C.Incentives may go wrong when they clash with "the moral sentiments".D.Businesses might as well put economic incentives to fuller play.上一题下一题(41~45/共5题)Part BDirections :Read the following tert and decide whether each of the statements is true or false. Choose T if the state ment is true or F if the statement is not true. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Canada´s premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, together, to reduce healthcare costs.They´re all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest-growing component of which is pharmaceutical costs.According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care—to say nothing of reports from other experts—recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.What does "national" mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.But "national" doesn´t have to mean that. "National" could mean interprovincial—provinces combining efforts to create one body.Either way, one benefit of a "national" organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one province—or a series of hospitals within a province—negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.Of course, the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers; they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its list, the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldn´t like a national agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it.A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included. Predictably, and regrettably, Quebec refused to join.A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making. They (particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. That´s one reason why the idea of a national list hasn´t gone anywhere, while drug costs keep rising fast.So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.图片第41题第42题________第43题______第44题_______第45题_______上一题下一题(1/1)Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)第46题Quality of life is about more than the size of your pay cheque. It means being able to spend an evening with your family once a week—instead of keeping one parent at home with the kids while the other works, and then exchanging a few words when you switch roles halfway through the day. It means being able to request working hours that allow you to travel when buses are running so you do not have to walk miles to get to work.Those things matter to workers. When someone on a low wage talks about finding a better job, better pay is just part of the mix. This is why campaigns groups across America are trying to win better conditions—enabling employees to address questions of health, safety and life quality, alongside their wage gains. Short-notice rotas, as much as low pay or unsafe conditions, are central to a spate of protests across the US. ____________上一题下一题(1/1)Section WritingPart A第47题Write an email of about 100 words to relevant departments to give some advice on how to live a low-carbon life.You should include the details you think necessary. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.(10 points) ___________上一题下一题(1/1)Part B第48题Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should1)interpret the chart, and2)give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)图片_______________上一题交卷交卷答题卡(1~20/共20题)Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.While western governments worry over the threat of Ebola, a more pervasive but far less harmful__1__is spreading through their populations like a winter sniffle: mobile personal technology.The similarity between disease organisms and personal devices is__2__. Viruses and other parasites control larger organisms, __3__ resources in order to multiply and spread. Smartphones and other gadgets do the same thing, __4__ever-increasing amounts of human attention and electricity supplied __5__ wire umbilici.It is tempting to__6__a "strategy" to both phages and phablets, neither of which is sentient.__7__, the process is evolutionary, consisting of many random evolutions, __8__experimented with by many product designers. This makes it all the more powerful.Tech__9__occurs through actively-learnt responses, or "operant conditioning" as animal be haviourists call it. The scientific parallel here also involves a rodent, typically a rat, which occupies a__10__cage called a Skinner Box. The animal is__11__with a food pellet for solving puzzles and punished with an electric shock when it fails."Are we getting a positive boost of hormones when we__12__look at our phone, seeking rewards?" asks David Shuker, an animal behaviourist at St Andrews university, sounding a little like a man withholding serious scientific endorsement__13__an idea that a journalist had in the shower. Research is needed, he says. Tech tycoons would meanwhile __14__ that the popularity of mobile devices is attributed to the brilliance of their designs. This is precisely what people whose thought processes have been__15__by an invasive pseudo-organism would believe.__16__, mobile technology causes symptoms less severe than physiological diseases. There are even benefits to__17__sufferers for shortened attention spans and the caffeine overload triggered by visits to Starbucks for the free Wi-Fi. Most importantly, you can__18__the Financial Times in places as remote as Alaska or Sidcup. In this__19__, a mobile device is closer to a symbiotic organism than a parasite. This would make it__20__to an intestinal bacterium that helps a person to stay alive, rather than a virus that may kill you.第1题A.phenomenonB.epidemicC.issueD.event参考答案： B 您的答案：未作答答案解析：此处意为“在西方国家的政府担忧埃博拉的威胁之际，一种更为常见但远没那么有害的______，正像冬天的轻微感冒一样在人群中传播”。
考研英语-37
考研英语-37(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}Section Ⅰ Use of English{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：10.00)I've heard many students and professionals express a desire to take a speed reading course so they can increase their knowledge at a faster rate. But the information I've {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}over the last few years {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}me to believe that "speed reading" may be less useful than most people think.Don't push yourself to read at a(n){{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}pace. The claim that you can read and fully {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}2,000 or 3,000 words per minute is a(n){{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}exaggeration. One researcher proved this in a study in which irrelevant and {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}} sentences were added to a passage of writing. The "speed readers" who were tested didn't notice the irrelevant lines-the non-speed readers {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}them immediately.It was said that President Kennedy read three or four major daffy newspapers each morning in just a few minutes. But he {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}obtained all the information he needed from the headlines and topic paragraphs. I wish I could have {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}him after he completed his daily newspaper reading. I'm willing to {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}he would not have known most details revealed in the body of the articles-{{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}those in stories he read completely.I suspect that's also true {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}most persons who make {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}to great reading speeds.I've never taken one of the reading courses that {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}to increase your reading pace astronomically, but I've spoken {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}to many persons who have. Virtually all of them felt the courses had been helpful but, {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}, didn't make them faster readers.My secretary used to teach a speed reading course for the personnel department of a large utility company. She told me the follow-up {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}indicated that employees who attended all 12 classes showed no {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}long-term improvement in their reading speed. She did add, {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}, that many company employees took the course to enhance their promotion opportunities, and it may well have {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}that purpose.（分数：10.00）(1).∙ A. collected∙ B. learned∙ C. defined∙ D. given（分数：0.50）A. √B.C.D.解析：语义逻辑题，考查词义辨析。
考研英语-921
考研英语-921(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Section Ⅰ Use of English(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In his 1979 book, The Sinking Ark, biologist Norman Myers estimated that (1) of more than 100 human-caused extinctions occur each clay, and that one million species (2) by the century's end. Yet there is little evidence of (3) that number of extinctions. For example, only seven species on the (4) species list have become extinct (5) the list was created in 1973.Bio- (6) is an important value, according to many scientists. Nevertheless, the supposed mass extinction rates bandied about are (7) by multiplying (8) by improbables to get imponderables. Many estimates, for instance, rely a great deal on a "species-area (9) ", which predicts that twice as many species will be found on 100 square miles (10) on ten square miles. The problem is that species are not distributed (11) , so bow much of a forest are destroyed may be as important as (12) .(13) , says Ariel Lugo, director of the International Institute of Tropical Forestry in Puerto Rico, "Biologists who predict high (14) rates (15) the resiliency of nature".One of the main muses of extinctions is deforestation. According to the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, what destroys tropical trees is not commercial logging, (16) "poor farmers who have no other (17) for feeding their families than slashing and burning a (18) of forest".In countries that practice modern (19) agriculture, forests are in (20) danger. In 1920, U. S. forests covered 732 million acres. Today they cover 737 million.（分数：10.00）A.an average √B.a numberC.a sumD.an amount解析：an average平均数。
考研英语 67
考研英语-67(总分：92.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Section Ⅰ Use of English(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Many countries will not allow cigarette advertising in their newspaper or on TV-especially (1)the advertisements are usually written with young people in mind. (2) advertising, the tobacco companies have begun to (3) sports events. They give money to football, motor racing, tennis anda number of (4) sports (5) condition that the name of the cigarette is (6) This is now (7) concern, because it does exactly (8) many ads try to do-suggest that smoking has some connection (9) beingstrong and athletic.In all this, the point of view of the non-smokers has to be (10) as well: wish smoker wouldstop (11) the air. I wish I could eat in a restaurant (12) having to smell cigarettes smoke.It has been (13) that, in a room where a large number of people are smoking, a non-smoker willbreathe in the (14) of two or three cigarettes during an evening. (15) , non-smokers are nowmajority in many western countries. More and more people are giving up the habit, discouragedby high prices, influenced by (16) advertising or just aware that smoking is no longer reallya polite thing to do.Faced with lower sales, the western tobacco companies have begun to look outside their owncountries. They have begun advertising (17) to persuade young people in developing countries that smoking American or British or French cigarette is a sophisticated western habit, which they should copy. As a result, more and more young people are spending (18) money they have on a product whichthe west recognizes (19) unhealthy and no longer wants. The high number of young smokers in India,in South America and in South East Asia will become some of tomorrow's (20) .（分数：10.00）(1).A. that B. when C. where D. since（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D. √解析：[解析] 考查连词用法和上下文逻辑关系。
2023年考研英语(二)真题及参考答案
2023年考研英语（二)真题及参考答案SectionⅠUse of EnglishHere’s a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today:you’re the CEO of a small business and though you're making a nice1,you need to find a way to take it to the next level.what you need to do is2growth by establishing a growth team.A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company,and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus3on finding ways to grow.Let's look at a real-world4.Prior to forming a growth team, the software company BitTorrent had50employees.Working in the 5departments of engineering,marketing and product development.This brought them good results until2012,when their growth plateaued.The6was that too many customers were using the basic,free version of their product.And7 improvements to the premium,paid version,few people were making the upgrade.Things changed,8,when an innovative project marketing manager came aboard,9a growth team and sparked the kind of 10perspective they needed.By looking at engineering issuesfrom a marketing point of view,it became clear that the11of upgrades wasn't due to a quality issue.Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered. Armed with this12,the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently13the premium version to users of the free version.14,upgrades skyrocketed,and revenue increased by92percent.But in order for your growth,team to succeed,it needs to a have a strong leader.It needs someone who can15the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement. This leader will16the target area,set clear goals and establish a time frame for the17of these goals.This growth leader is also18for keeping the team focus on moving forward and steer them clear of distractions.19attractive,new ideas can be distracting,the team leader must recognize when these ideas don’t20the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.1.A.purchase B.profit C.connection D.bet【答案】B.profit原文提到“小公司的CEO也挣到了大钱”。
考研英语知识运用题型分析与解题技巧
考研英语知识运用题型分析与解题技巧英语知识运用部分(Use of English)是一种在语篇层面上对语言知识进行测试的题型，它是通过完形填空的考查形式综合考查考生运用英语语言知识的能力，目的是鼓励考生在实际交际和应用中能更准确、自如地运用词汇、语法知识。
该部分不仅考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素(包括词汇、表达方式和结构)的掌握程度，而且还考查考生对语段特征(如连贯性、一致性和逻辑关系等)的辨识能力。
考生在做英语知识运用题时，要从以下几个方面入手：一、理解和准确把握文章主题针对英语知识运用这样的题目，正确理解短文主题是解决此类题型的关键。
通常，200多字的短文主题明确单一，而正确理解主题对理解其他展开句及准确地选择词汇起着关键作用。
在把握主题的同时也要着眼于作者的观点，切忌把自己的想法强加给作者。
要做到迅速把握一篇短文的主题应该遵循以下几点：1) 在阅读时，一定不要忽视短文的首句。
英语知识运用文章的第一句话通常是没有空白的完整句子，而且第一句往往是文章的主题句(Topic Sentence)，或是含有主题词的句子，考生可以根据它来把握文章的中心思想，为下面答题奠定基础。
因此，我们在阅读知识运用文章的第一句话时，不应该只是读懂其字面的意思，而是要透过首句来预测文章的中心内容，为接下来做题把准方向。
如20XX年完型文章的第一句Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.”由此可以判定这篇文章是有关“laughter(笑)”的话题。
2) 有时第一句话虽不是主题句，但往往与主题密切相关，其作用常是为主题句做铺垫，为全文提供背景。
如20XX年完型文章的首句：By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonieshad become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nationslooked 2 to the future. 本文首句讲“到1830年，前西班牙和葡萄牙的殖民地都已经成为独立的国家。
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一个大的差额)"
(2)应用于文章中的段落结构-
尽管整篇完型文章往往是一篇主题明确、形 式完整的小短文，但完型文章中的段落仍然 是具有相对独立性的意群，因此也经常采用 总分对照结构，此时的总述句是概括出本段 的中心主线，即本段的核心主题是什么。
例如：1999年考研英语完型文章的第二 段
"Successful safety programs may(45
（4）句子间的衔接
句子间的衔接实际上就是考察考生对于 句子含义的理解和进而推断句子间关系的能 力。而很多考生常常分不清if only和only if， 尽管它们几乎从没被选到过；很多考生也分 不清even if和even though，其实它们没 有区别；更有考生分不清as if和even if， 这就在考试中造成了很多的困扰。
[A]replace（替换）[B] purchase（购买） [C]supplement（补充）[D]dispose（处 理）vi
2002年考研完形36题…
with the distance between generation s much _____.
[A] deeper（更深） [B] fewer（更少） [C] nearer（更近）
例如2005年考研完形14题：
finds it _____ to keep all smell recept ors working all the time…，句子中的it 做形式宾语，指的即是后面的不定式 to keep…，因此用来修饰一件事情的选项 就排除了[B]incompetent（没竞争力的） 和[D]insufficient（不充分的），接下来就 是区分近义词ineffective（没效果的）和 inefficient（没效率的）。
考研英语培训
Use of English
一 考研英语完型填空介绍
二 命题规律
三 完型文章的结构特点
四 完型备考技巧---逻辑关系题
句意题
语法题
五 解题步骤
一 考研英语完型填空介绍
众所周知，在考研英语中，起到决定性作用的是阅 读和写作部分，其累加百分比也达到了70%之多， 因而完形和翻译这两个项目就往往容易被人们所忽 略。然而纵观考研命题的特点和思路，不难发现， 完形和翻译恰恰是最具有区分度的两个项目，换而 言之，也就是说完形和翻译的答题情况更能将考生 区分开来从而决定在选拔中谁能脱颖而出。在商业 圈中有个80/20的黄金法则，而在考研英语中，这 20%的部分也在80%的程度上决定了最后的结果。
maximum results are to be obtained."
本段的结构就是标准的总分对照型：
(3)应用于段落中意群的结构-即使一个段落 之中也会存在独立的意群，不管这个意群有 多短小，由于其具有相对独立的意义，因此 也可以采用总分对照的结构。
例如：2000年考研英语完型文章中的一 个意群
such as.
for instance/example举“事”（做什么或谁做 什么），往往与前文用逗号分开，甚至另起一句再 排阵势；
such as举“物”（什么东西），多结合在一起， 有时也可分开。
The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 31 the trial of Rosemary West.
而短语只是测试题中的陪衬而已。不过起到关联作 用的短语，如as if, even if, such as, at first等 短语作为对考生理解篇章能力的考察仍然会继续相 对频繁的出现。
规律二：重衔接，轻孤立，重点考察对文 章和选项的内在联系
考研完形的测试点就在于它是面向文章的，因此 每个空格中的内容就不可避免地与文章中的内容有 所联系。换句话说，正确选项的特征就是必然能和 文章中的对应内容构成形式上的关联或是内容上的 衔接。因此，孤立地分析每个空格甚至是选项其实 是徒劳的，考研完形其实考察的是考生通过文中内 容判断选项的合理性的能力。既然弄清楚了考研完 形的内在联系，我们就可以进一步将选项和文章的 衔接加以分类和归纳，进而得出考研完形的规律所 在。
"If no surplus is available, a farmer
cannot be(47 self-sufficient) . He must
either sell some of his property or (48 seek)
extra funds in form of loans. Naturally he
2000年考研英语的完型文章的首句如下：
"If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must
try to keep a wide gap between his
consumption and his production. - (如果一个
农民想要成功的话，他必须在消费和生产之间保持
常考逻辑关系是：
反向（转折、让步、对照）如 although, whereas， even if, on the contrar y等；
递进，如furthermore, moreover, in addition 等；
因果，如 because, so, consequently, as a result等；
（1）名词、动词、形容词、非关联性副 词间的衔接
在词汇的基本搭配中，主要的关系有两种： 动词关系和修饰关系。
动词关系是指动词和名词构成主谓或动宾关 系。 修饰关系则是指形容词修饰名词或是副词修 饰动词等。
例如2000年考研完形44题： _____ old agricultural implements…，
observing)rules or regulations. (47 Still)
others depend on an emotional appeal to
the worker. But, there are certain basic
ideas that must be used in every program if
群也采用了经典的总分对照结构：
四 完型备考技巧-- （1） 七大逻辑关系题
英语是形合，汉语是意合 英语特别讲究逻辑，而且会有鲜明的形式也
就是丰富的词汇来表达各种各样的逻辑关系， 而不像汉语一样“运用之妙，存乎一心”。 把握逻辑词，对于英语也就显得特别重要。
1列举
对一类事物举出具体的例子。通常表现为前 面是复数或者抽象的概念，后面是这个概念 中的一个或几个事物。
完型测试的三个重点
第一，侧重考生从整体上把握文章，来解决具 体填空的能力。这是近几年，完形填空考试比较侧 重的一点。并不是考一个独立的词汇或者一个单纯 的语法项。近年来，完型文章的选择是有些特点的， 基本上是议论文和说明文为主，这种文章都是逻辑 性很强的文章，需要大家从整体上把握文章去填空。
三 完型文章的二个结构特点
1.完型文章一般都有明确的中心主线 （focus）
2.完型文章往往采用总分对照结构 （general-specific）
总分对照结构详解
(1)应用于整篇文章的结构-
总述句一般就承担了表现整个文章中心主线的任务。
首句或首段就是整篇文章的中心主线所在。分述部 分围绕这个总述句(即中心主线)展开详细的描写。 例如：
will try to borrow money at a low (49
rate )of interest, but loans of this kind are
not (50 frequently) obtainable."
该篇文章在这里进入一个新的意群(该文章在
此之前都在讲述农民如果有赢余会如何)，这个意
（1）利用词义理解的盲点设置障碍
你认识assure，ensure，guarantee，可你
能否准确区分它们的含义？
你认识release，publication，exposure， 可你能否明确解释它们的不同？
你认识discover，disclose，detect，可你能 否清楚说明它们的用法？
（2）利用词义的多样性设计误区
firstly, secondly…, finally; next, last； for example/instance, such as； some…others…still others；for one thing, for the other
（1） 区分for instance/example和
[D] smaller（更小）。
（2）用复杂成分替换上述内容后的衔接
考研完形的难度很大程度上就来自于其命题思路 的复杂化，考研英语的句子多以结构多样的复杂句 为主，即便是简单句也会出现复杂的修饰成分，如 介词短语、分词结构、不定式为主，从而使得考研 英语的难度进一步增大。而在完形中考生往往留心 到词语间的搭配或是句子间的关系，但却容易忽略 掉上述复杂化结构在句子中的作用以及和空格内容 的联系。因此在判断过程中不妨留意空格周围的介 词短语、分词结构、不定式甚至是从句，尤其是定 语从句和同位语从句更直接起到了限定的作用。
列举，如 for example, such as
根据题目设计有理推测：
3同相斥，异者胜 例如2002年考研完形23题：选项如下
[A] means [B] method [C] medium [D] measure，
又如34题： [A] ability [B] capability [C] capacity [D]
available的含义到底是“有用的”还 是“可得到的”？identifiable究竟是“可 识别的”还是“相同的”？subject到底是 “主题”还是“易…遭受的”？考生应在复 习中更明确单词的含义和其用法，借鉴字典 上的例句不失为良策。