《战争与和平》中英文人物关系图
《战争与和平》主要人物及特点Word版
《战争与和平》主要人物及特点一.《战争与和平》中的四大家族1．库拉金家族库拉金家族是远离人民的宫廷贵族的典型，是朝廷和上流社会贪婪，愚蠢和无耻的代表，是一个对国家、民族没有半点责任感的家族。
阴险、狡猾、毫无节操和道德观念是这个家族的主要特征。
当俄国陷入困境，拿破仑逼近莫斯科的时候，他们毫不关心国家的安危，总是想升官发财。
库拉金的女儿爱仑是个“美丽的动物”，在祖国处于危难之际，她还以自己的美色逗引人，过着淫荡的生活。
库拉金的两个儿子伊包里特和阿那托尔，前者愚蠢，后者卑鄙堕落。
酒宴放荡，闲逸便是他们的追求的幸福生活的全部内容。
托尔斯泰在作品中猛烈的抨击道：“所有这一群人都攫取着卢布、十字勋章和官爵，而他们在捞取这些东西的时候所注意的仅仅是沙皇恩宠的鼻息。
”2．罗斯托夫家族罗斯托夫家族是作者美化的宗法制庄园贵族的典型，是作者笔下最动人、最富感染力和诗情画意的一个家族。
他们并不富裕，但充满了欢乐和生气。
罗斯托夫一家接近人民，保持着淳朴、热情、真挚、好客等特点，具有温情脉脉的庄园贵族的品质。
拿破仑入侵，他们都为祖国的命运焦急不安，决心为保卫祖国贡献一切力量。
尼古拉回到军队与敌人作战，娜塔莎自动为伤兵服务。
15岁的彼恰放弃了准备进入大学的愿望决定参军，最后为祖国献出了年轻的生命。
3．保尔康斯基家族保尔康斯基家族具有正直、爱国、孤傲的特点，保持了忠贞为国的老贵族的“古风”，老公爵以严厉为名，退居庄园后，一直和朝廷疏远，对宫廷保持批判态度。
他曾在军队服务，很重视苏沃诺夫的军事艺术。
当儿子安德烈和他告别从军时，他特别强调军人的荣誉和爱国的责任感。
1812年的战争震动了他，他毅然召集民兵与逼近的敌人进行斗争。
在激昂紧张的爱国活动中，他中风了，临死前还关怀着祖国的命运。
他的儿子安德烈是爱国者，女儿玛利亚同样是爱国传统的继承者，当她想到会受到法国人支配时就颤抖了。
4．别祖霍夫家族别祖霍夫家族是莫斯科最富裕的家族，关于这个家族，托尔斯泰着笔不多。
《战争与和平》内容概述（第二卷第一部1-16节）
《战争与和平》内容概述（第二卷第一部1-16节）第二卷第一部第二卷第一部共16节。
三个主要人物：尼古拉·罗斯托夫，安德烈公爵，皮埃尔。
尼古拉战后回到家中，老伯爵极尽排场豪华穷尽财力，以俱乐部名义为将军巴格拉季翁公爵举行欢迎宴会。
与会宾客对此次战败因由心知肚明，但有皇帝在内，交谈战事不免讳莫如深。
宴会中，皮埃尔因多洛霍夫与自己妻子海伦的暧昧关系，不加掩饰的挑衅，提出决斗。
多洛霍夫被打伤。
皮埃尔与海伦分居，海伦占有莫斯科的大部分财产。
多洛霍夫在罗斯托夫家厮混，竟向当时的玩伴、好友尼古拉的恋人索尼亚求婚，遭拒。
多洛霍夫出于报复心邀尼古拉赌博，赢了4万3千卢布！43！这是26岁的多洛霍夫与17岁的索尼亚年龄之和！尼古拉的荒唐行为让本已入不敷出寅吃卯粮濒临破产的家庭陷入困窘之地。
还债之后，他回到了前线。
尼古拉的连长，好友杰尼索夫也向娜塔莎求婚，伯爵夫人出面婉拒。
安德烈公爵在奥斯特利茨战役前线负重伤由当地居民养护，但无人知晓。
在妻子临产之际，他回到家中。
儿子出生了，妻子因难产死去。
第01节（概述：奥斯特利茨战役之后，尼古拉-罗斯托夫休假回到家中，归心似箭！在家中，他被亲情包围了！娜塔莎15岁啦，她在家中，在比她大，比她小的兄弟姐妹中，都当仁不让地居于中心！完全不像大家闺秀！名媛淑女更说不上。
无法无天！无拘无束！但是，她聪明，美丽，活泼，讨人喜欢，从不惹人讨厌。
至于爱情，她谁都爱，又不愿意只爱一个。
什么是爱？为什么爱？她还没有想过。
她还朦胧着呢。
她不过是内心里的热情，高兴，与热爱，装得满满的，总要挥洒出来罢了。
尼古拉与索尼娅的爱情，在罗斯托夫家中尽人皆知。
但是，伯爵夫人却不高兴，“因为她害怕儿子去爱索尼娅，会使他失去名门望族的配偶。
”）第02节（概述：尼古拉·罗斯托夫伯爵,他在贵族上流社会玩儿了个底朝天！挥霍无度，五行八作，无所不至，乐不可支！“他极为愉快地消度时光。
”也玩女人，虽然这有伤骠骑兵的体面！“现在他——一个骠骑兵中尉，身披一件银丝镶边的披肩，佩戴军人的乔治十字勋章，和几个知名的备受尊敬的老猎手一起训练走马。
战争与和平（列夫·托尔斯泰创作长篇小说）—搜狗百科
战争与和平（列夫·托尔斯泰创作长篇小说）—搜狗百科皮埃尔·别祖霍夫皮埃尔是声名显赫，腰缠万贯的别祖霍夫伯爵的私生子，因而起初不被上流社会认可，而当他继承了父亲的几乎全部家产之后，上流社会便对他大开绿灯。
他单纯天真，质朴热情，却带有一些“多余人”的气息，矛盾性在他身上最为明显。
例如：皮埃尔离开安德烈家之前，安德烈奉劝他不要再去放荡公子阿纳托利家消磨时光，皮埃尔也痛恨目前的生活，并一口答应：“我起誓（不去他家）”。
可见其态度异常坚定。
而刚一离开安德烈家，皮埃尔一想到阿纳托利家那晚会有例行的赌局，之后是狂欢和娱乐，“到那去也不错”的想法就蹦了出来。
但同时他还是想起了像安德烈发过的誓言并强迫自己不去。
可是，矛盾性的性格使他的思想继续博弈：“他（皮埃尔）心里想到，他发的誓是没有意义的，因为他向安德烈公爵起誓前已向阿纳托利公爵起过誓，要去他家。
最后他想，这种誓言都无关紧要，尤其想到明天他说不定死去，或者遇到什么意外，那就根本谈不上誓言不誓言了。
皮埃尔常用这样的想法打消他的决心和意图。
”最后的结果是，在一顿犹豫不定和自我说服之后，皮埃尔照样还是去了阿纳托利家。
再如，从皮埃尔对上流社会的交际花海伦（后成为了皮埃尔的妻子）的态度也可足见其矛盾性。
在皮埃尔还只是私生子身份时，海伦的父亲，阿谀奉承老谋深算的华西里公爵并未将他放进眼里。
而当皮埃尔继承大笔遗产，成为彼得堡巨富之后，华西里公爵便时时处处有意安排使皮埃尔能喜欢上自己的女儿海伦。
矛盾的皮埃尔时而为海伦倾国倾城的容貌和风姿所折服，时而又因为看到她的放荡而恶心。
时而为能娶到这样的交际花而沾沾自喜，时而又觉得他根本不爱海伦，这一切只是形式所逼。
在周围的上流人士都有意撮合他和海伦时，他“第一次感到在他和海伦之间形成了一种公认的关系。
这个想法使他害怕，放佛给了他一种他无力承担的义务，但同时又是他高兴，因为这是一种有趣的设想。
”皮埃尔明知海伦很愚蠢，在他身上引起的并不是真正的爱情，而是一种丑陋的、卑劣的感情。
《《战争与和平》中的人物形象与历史演变》
《战争与和平》中的人物形象与历史演变引言《战争与和平》是俄国作家列夫·托尔斯泰的代表作之一，它讲述了19世纪初期的欧洲大陆上发生的一系列战争和法国大革命的故事。
这部小说以其深入剖析人物内心世界、描绘社会历史背景和反思战争本质等特点而著名。
本文将在分析《战争与和平》中不同人物形象的基础上，探讨这些形象在小说中所代表的历史演变。
1. 安德烈·博尔庞索夫安德烈·博尔庞索夫是《战争与和平》中最为引人注目的人物之一。
他是一个充满理想主义并追求真理、正义与荣誉的年轻军官。
然而，在纳瓦伦农场战役中，他经历了一次严重的创伤，改变了他对于战争和自己身份的看法。
随着时间的推移，他从一个理想主义者转变为对现实持怀疑态度的追求者。
安德烈在小说中所代表的历史演变正是这个时期整个欧洲社会的转变，从浪漫主义思潮走向现实主义。
2. 娜塔莎·罗斯托娃娜塔莎·罗斯托娃是另一个饱受关注的人物形象，《战争与和平》中她被描绘为一个充满活力、渴望自由和幸福的年轻女子。
她对爱情充满热情，同时也展现了作为一个具有自我意识女性，对权力和社会约束的反抗。
随着时间的推移，在战争和生活的挫折中，娜塔莎经历了巨大变化，逐渐从一个天真无邪的少女转变成为成熟并更加理解复杂人性的女性。
她在小说中所体现出来的历史演变与19世纪初期俄国社会中妇女地位逐渐提高、接受教育等社会变革相吻合。
3. 尼古拉伊·鲍尔季斯基尼古拉伊·鲍尔季斯基是一个充满矛盾和极端思维的人物形象。
他具有强烈的自我中心主义和追求权力的欲望。
尼古拉伊在小说中展现了一种权力意识的膨胀以及对他人命运不屑一顾的态度，这使他成为一个令人讨厌的角色。
然而，随着战争和社会变革的发展，尼古拉伊逐渐认识到自己所追求的权力并不是真正意义上的幸福。
他最终意识到家庭、友谊和爱情等真正重要的价值，并通过改变自己来实现内心的满足。
结论通过《战争与和平》中安德烈、娜塔莎和尼古拉伊这三个人物形象的分析，我们可以看到他们在小说中所代表的历史演变。
战争与家庭：《战争与和平》的家庭关系
战争与家庭：《战争与和平》的家庭关系"战争与和平"是俄国作家列夫·托尔斯泰的巨著，以其广阔的叙事范围和深刻的家庭关系描绘而闻名。
作品以拿破仑时期的战争为背景，通过塑造不同家庭的形象，展现了战争对家庭的冲击和家庭在战争中的变迁。
文章开始——战争是一场恶果深重的灾难，不仅破坏城市和农田，还使家庭处于剧烈的动荡之中。
在《战争与和平》这本小说中，列夫·托尔斯泰通过塑造不同家庭的形象，揭示了战争对家庭关系所带来的深远影响。
小说中的主要家庭包括布卢赫人家、卡拉金家族、博尔金家族等等。
这些家庭由于战争而发生了巨大变故，每个家庭成员都因此被迫做出重大抉择，这些变故既是战争所导致的结果，也对家庭结构和关系产生了巨大的影响。
正如小说中描写的那样，战争打破了传统的社会层级和世代相传的家族观念。
在布卢赫人家中，尼古拉和玛丽亚以及他们的子女们分别被战争的残酷所摧毁。
他们不得不面对贫困、失去亲人以及社会法则的瓦解的问题。
尼古拉作为军人，在前线上被战争榨干了最后一滴血，而玛丽亚则因为丈夫的死亡而变得孤苦伶仃。
他们的孩子们也在战争中失去了纯真和安全感。
战争的摧残使得这个家庭陷入了深深的绝望中。
另一方面，卡拉金家族则展示了战争在俄罗斯家庭中引发的剧变。
尼古拉·罗斯托夫作为这个家族的支柱，在战争中经历了巨大的转变。
他对战争盲目的热情以及对家庭忠诚的冲突，使得他在战争的洪流中迷失了自己。
而他的妻子玛丽雅则在战争中体验了家庭的裂缝和痛苦，她的忧心忡忡和不安带给了家庭一种脆弱和不稳定的氛围。
博尔金家族则是小说中的另一个重要家庭，他们经历了种种战争引发的挑战和改变。
尽管他们在起初对战争持有同情的态度，但是随着战争的恶化，家庭的先祖和年轻一代都感受到了战争所带来的痛苦。
特别是尼古拉，他作为一个家族成员，不仅亲身经历了战争的残酷，也目睹了家庭的离散和死亡。
战争让博尔金家族的联系变得更加稀薄，他们为了自身的生存不得不放弃了一切，回归到最基本的生存需求上。
《战争与和平》库拉金家族及人物介绍
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战争与和平中英互译阅读
战争与和平中英互译阅读《战争与和平》这本书，真是让人又爱又恨，简直就像一块儿老冰糖，外表硬邦邦的，咬下去却有甜蜜的惊喜。
说到这部经典，大家肯定都知道，故事背景是在拿破仑战争期间，人物众多，情节错综复杂，听上去就像是一场大型的家族聚会，每个人都有自己的故事。
书里的角色各有特色，就像那五彩缤纷的糖果，各种性格混杂在一起，真是让人目不暇接。
比如，皮埃尔那小子，懵懂而又执着，像极了咱们生活中那些理想主义者，想要改变世界，结果往往被现实狠狠打脸。
还有娜塔莎，天真可爱，有点儿像个甜美的梦，然而又容易被现实的风浪击倒，哎，爱情真是个复杂的家伙。
然后，咱们再聊聊书中那些战争场景，真是让人热血沸腾。
那些士兵，拼命厮杀，勇敢无畏，就像是被点燃的火焰，随时准备冲向敌人，听着枪声，心里真是五味杂陈，既有激情，又有无奈。
战斗不只是肉体的较量，更是心灵的碰撞，咱们能看到人性的光辉与阴暗，真是让人感慨万千。
书中那些描写战争的段落，语言真是生动，仿佛能听见炮火的轰鸣和士兵的呐喊，那种氛围，简直让人感受到什么叫生死瞬间，什么叫做命悬一线。
说到战争与和平的对比，哎呀，真是一道难解的题。
战争就像一头猛兽，吞噬着人们的希望，留下满地的伤痛。
而和平呢，又是那么的脆弱，就像是春天的花瓣，随时可能被风吹散。
人们为了追求和平，不惜一切代价，结果呢？却常常被战争的阴影笼罩。
咱们在书中可以看到，很多角色在这个过程中不断成长，蜕变，真是像是经历了一场人生的洗礼。
人啊，经历过这些，才会更加懂得珍惜身边的一切。
再说说那些家庭关系，真是复杂得像是麻花。
每个家庭成员都有自己的烦恼，互相之间的理解与误解，真是让人捧腹大笑又感到心酸。
就像皮埃尔和他的父亲之间的关系，时而亲密，时而疏远，谁说家庭一定要和睦？这书里的人物关系就像是生活的缩影，真实得让人忍不住想点头。
咱们每个人在家庭中，或多或少都有这样的故事，爱情、友情、亲情交织在一起，编织成了一幅丰富的画卷。
咱们再聊聊这本书的哲学思考，真是值得深思。
战争与和平中人物形象
战争与和平中人物形象一.《战争与和平》中的四大家族1．库拉根家族库拉根家族是远离人民的宫廷贵族的典型，是朝廷和上流社会贪婪，愚蠢和无耻的代表，是一个对国家、民族没有半点责任感的家族。
阴险、狡猾、毫无节操和道德观念是这个家族的主要特征。
当俄国陷入困境，拿破仑逼近莫斯科的时候，他们毫不关心国家的安危，总是想升官发财。
库拉根的女儿爱仑是个“美丽的动物”，在祖国处于危难之际，她还以自己的美色逗引人，过着淫荡的生活。
库拉根的两个儿子伊包里特和阿那托尔，前者愚蠢，后者卑鄙堕落。
酒宴放荡，闲逸便是他们的追求的幸福生活的全部内容。
托尔斯泰在作品中猛烈的抨击道：“所有这一群人都攫取着卢布、十字勋章和官爵，而他们在捞取这些东西的时候所注意的仅仅是沙皇恩宠的鼻息。
”2．罗斯托夫家族罗斯托夫家族是作者美化的宗法制庄园贵族的典型，是作者笔下最动人、最富感染力和诗情画意的一个家族。
他们并不富裕，但充满了欢乐和生气。
罗斯托夫一家接近人民，保持着淳朴、热情、真挚、好客等特点，具有温情脉脉的庄园贵族的品质。
拿破仑入侵，他们都为祖国的命运焦急不安，决心为保卫祖国贡献一切力量。
尼古拉回到军队与敌人作战，娜塔莎自动为伤兵服务。
15岁的彼恰放弃了准备进入大学的愿望决定参军，最后为祖国献出了年轻的生命。
3．保尔康斯基家族保尔康斯基家族具有正直、爱国、孤傲的特点，保持了忠贞为国的老贵族的“古风”，老公爵以严厉为名，退居庄园后，一直和朝廷疏远，对宫廷保持批判态度。
他曾在军队服务，很重视苏沃诺夫的军事艺术。
当儿子安德烈和他告别从军时，他特别强调军人的荣誉和爱国的责任感。
1812年的战争震动了他，他毅然召集民兵与逼近的敌人进行斗争。
在激昂紧张的爱国活动中，他中风了，临死前还关怀着祖国的命运。
他的儿子安德烈是爱国者，女儿玛利亚同样是爱国传统的继承者，当她想到会受到法国人支配时就颤抖了。
4．别素号夫家族别素号夫家族是莫斯科最富裕的家族，关于这个家族，托尔斯泰着笔不多。
《战争与和平》双语简读
《战争与和平》双语简读《战争与和平》是俄国作家列夫·尼古拉耶维奇·托尔斯泰的代表作品。
文本以极其简洁的文字，卓越的、令人惊叹的心理分析，生动、鲜活地描绘了俄罗斯文学史上令人激动的一组人物形象。
整部作品构思宏伟、气势奔腾，有力地展示出了俄罗斯历史上最壮丽的一页——1812年卫国战争，展示出了战争前后俄罗斯波澜壮阔的社会生活画卷。
战争与和平War And PeaceWar and Peace (Russian: Война и мир, Voyna i mir) is a novel by Leo Tolstoy, first published from 1865 to 1869 in Russkii Vestnik (Russian: Русский Вестник, "Russian Messenger"), which tells the story of Russian society during the Napoleonic Era. It is usually described as one of Tolstoy's two major masterpieces (the other being Anna Karenina) as well as one of the world's greatest novels.War and Peace offered a new kind of fiction, with a great many characters caught up in a plot that covered nothing less than the grand subjects indicated by the title, combined with the equally large topics of youth, marriage, age, and death. Though it is often called a novel today, it broke so many conventions of the form that it was not considered a novel in its time. Indeed, Tolstoy himself considered Anna Karenina (1878) to be his first attempt at a novel in the European sense.War and Peace depicts a huge cast of characters, both historical and fictional, Russians and non-Russians, the majority of whom are introduced in the first book. The scope of the novel is extremely vast, but the narration focuses mainly on five or six characters whose differing personalities and experiences provide the impetus to the story, with mutual interactions leading up to, around and following the Napoleonic war.Book oneThe novel begins in the Russian city of Saint Petersburg, at a soirée given in July 1805 by Anna Pavlovna Scherer — the maid of honour and confidante to the queen mother Maria Feodorovna. The main players and aristocratic families of the novel are made known here. Pierre Bezukhov is the illegitimate son of a wealthy count who is dying of a stroke. Pierre becomes unexpectedly embroiled in a tussle for his inheritance. Educated abroad in France, with his mother dead, Pierre is essentially kindhearted, but is socially awkward owing to his goodhearted, open nature, and finds it difficult to integrate into the Petersburg society.Pierre's friend, the intelligent and sardonic Prince Andrei Bolkonsky, the husband of a charming wife Lise, also visits the soireé. Finding Petersburg society unctuous and starting to find married life little comfort as well, he chooses to be an aide-de-camp to Prince Mikhail Kutuzov in their coming war against Napoleon.Tolstoy then switches to Moscow, Russia's ancient city, as a contrast to Saint Petersburg. The Rostov family will be one of the main narrative players of the novel. The Moscow Count Ilya Rostov family has four adolescent children. Young Natasha is supposedly in love with Boris, a disciplined boyish officer and a relative. Nikolai pledges his teenage love to Sonya, his younger cousin. The eldest child of the Rostov family, Vera, is cold and somewhat haughty but has a good prospective marriage in a German officer, Berg. Petya is the youngest of the Rostov family; like his brother he is impetuous and eager to join the army when of age. The heads of the family, Count Ilya Rostov and Countess Natalya Rostova, are an affectionate couple but forever worriedabout their disordered finances.At Bald Hills, the Bolkonskys' country estate, Prince Andrei leaves his pregnant wife with his eccentric father Prince Nikolai Andreivitch Bolkonsky and devoutly religious sister Maria Bolkonskaya. He leaves for war.The first page of War and Peace in an early editionThe second part opens with descriptions of the impending Russian-French war preparations. At the Schngrabern engagement, Nikolai Rostov, who is now conscripted as ensign in a squadron of hussars, has his first baptism of fire in battle. He meets Prince Andrei whom he does not really like. Like all young soldiers he is attracted by Tsar Alexandr’s charisma. However Nikolai gambles recklessly and socializes with the lisping Denisov and the ruthless Dolokhov.Book TwoBook Two begins with Nikolai Rostov briefly returning home to Moscow on home leave in early 1806. Nikolai finds the Rostov family facing financial ruin due to poor estate management. With Denisov he spends an eventful winter home. Natasha has blossomed into a beautiful young girl. Denisov proposes to her but is rejected. Although his mother pleads with Nikolai to find himself a good financial prospect in marriage, Nikolai refuses to accede to his mother's request. He promises to marry his childhood sweetheart, the orphaned, penniless cousin Sonya.If there is a central character to War and Peace it is Pierre Bezukhov, who, upon receiving an unexpected inheritance, is suddenly burdened with the responsibilities and conflicts of a Russian nobleman. He then enters into marriage with Prince Kuragin's beautiful and immoral daughter Hélène (lena), against his own better judgement. He is continually helpless in the faceof his wife's numerous affairs, has a duel with one of her lovers, and is faced with anguish as all this happens. He later joins the Freemasons but becomes embroiled in some of the Freemasonry's politicking. Much of Book Two concerns his struggles with his passions and his spiritual conflicts to be a better man. Now a rich aristocrat, his former carefree behavior vanishes and he enters upon a philosophical quest particular to Tolstoy: how should one live a moral life in an ethically imperfect world? The question constantly baffles and confuses Pierre. He attempts to free his peasants, but ultimately achieves nothing of note.Pierre is vividly contrasted with the intelligent and ambitious Prince Andrei Bolkonsky. At the Battle of Austerlitz, Andrei is inspired by a vision of glory to lead a charge of a straggling army. He suffers a near fatal artillery wound which renders him unconscious. At the face of death Andrei realizes all his former ambitions are pointless and his former hero, Napoleon (who rescues him in a horseback excursion to the battlefield), is apparently as vain as himself.Prince Andrei recovers from his injuries in a military hospital, and returns home, only to find his wife Lise dying during childbirth. He is struck by his guilty conscience for not treating Lise better when she was alive.Burdened with nihilistic disillusionment, Prince Andrei lives anonymously in his estate until he is led to a philosophical argument with Pierre one day. When Pierre visits his estate he poses the question: where is God in this amoral world? Pierre points to panentheism and an afterlife.Young Natasha meets Andrei during her very first ball, and briefly reinvigorates Andrei with her lively vitality. Andrei believeshe has found purpose in life again. However the couple's immediate plan to marry has to be postponed with a year-long engagement.When Prince Andrei leaves for his military engagements, Elena and her handsome brother Anatole conspire for Anatole to seduce and dishonor the young, still immature and now beautiful Natasha Rostova. They bait her with plans of an elopement. Thanks to Sonya and Pierre, this plan fails, yet, for Pierre, it is the cause of an important meeting with Natasha. He realizes he has now fallen in love with Natasha. During the time when the Great Comet of 1811–2 streaks the sky, life appears to begin anew for Pierre.Book ThreeNatasha breaks off her engagement with Andrei. Shamed by her near-seduction, she has a very serious illness and, with the help of her family; Pierre; and religious faith, manages to tide through this dark period of her life.Meanwhile the whole of Russia is affected by the coming showdown between Napoleon's troops and the Russian army. Pierre convinces himself Napoleon is the Antichrist in Revelation through numerology. The old prince Bolkonsky dies from a stroke. In Moscow, Petya manages to snatch a loose piece of the Tsar's biscuit outside the Cathedral of the Assumption; he finally convinces his parents to allow him to conscript.Meanwhile Nikolai unexpectedly acts as a white knight to the beleaguered Maria Bolkonskaya, whose father's death has left her in the mercy of an estate of hostile, rebelling peasants. Struck by Maria, whom he is seeing for the first time, Nikolai reconsiders marriage and finds Maria's devotion, consideration, and inheritance extremely attractive. But he is restricted by his earlier,youthful pledge to Sonya, and hesitates to woo Maria.As Napoleon pushes through Russia, Pierre decides to leave Moscow and to watch the Battle of Borodino from a vantage point next to a Russian artillery crew. After watching for a time, he begins to join in carrying ammunition. From within the turmoil he experiences first-hand the death and destruction of war. The battle becomes a horrible slaughter for both armies and ends up a standoff. The Russians, however, have won a moral victory by standing up to Napoleon's seemingly invincible army. Having suffered huge losses and for strategic reasons, the Russian army withdraws the next day, allowing Napoleon to march on to Moscow.Book FourBook Four climaxes Napoleon's invasion of Russia. When Napoleon's Grand Army occupies an abandoned and burning Moscow, Pierre takes off on a quixotic mission to assassinate Napoleon. He becomes an anonymous man in all the chaos, shedding his responsibilities by wearing peasant clothes and shunning his duties and lifestyle. The only person he sees while in this garb is Natasha, who recognizes him, and he in turn realizes the full scope of his love for her.His plan fails, and he is captured in Napoleon's headquarters as a prisoner of war after saving a child from a burning building and assaulting a French legionnaire for attacking a woman. He becomes friends with his cell-mate Platòn Karataev, a peasant with a saintly demeanor, who is incapable of malice. In Karataev Pierre finally finds what he is looking for, an honest, "rounded" person who is totally without pretense. Karataev is unlike those from the Petersburg aristocratic society, and also notably a member of the working class, with whom Pierre finds meaning inlife simply by living and interacting with him. After witnessing French soldiers sacking Moscow and shooting Russian civilians arbitrarily, Pierre is forced to march with the Grand Army during its disastrous retreat from Moscow owing to the harsh winter. After months of trial and tribulation — during which Karataev is capriciously shot by the French —Pierre is later freed by a Russian raiding party after a small skirmish with the French that sees the young Petya Rostov killed in action.Meanwhile Andrei, wounded during Napoleon’s invasion, is taken in as a casualty cared for by the fleeing Rostovs. He is reunited with Natasha and sister Maria before the end of the war. Having lost all will to live after forgiving Natasha, he dies, much like the death scene at the end of The Death of Ivan Ilych.As the novel draws to a close, Pi erre’s wife Elena dies (sometime during the last throes of Napoleon’s invasion); and Pierre is reunited with Natasha, while the victorious Russians rebuild Moscow. Natasha speaks of Prince Andrei’s death and Pierre of Karataev’s. Both are aware of a growin g bond with each other in their bereavement. Matchmade by Princess Marya, Pierre finds love at last and, revealing his love after being released from his former wife’s death, marries Natasha.EpiloguesThe first epilogue begins with the wedding of Pierre and Natasha, in 1813. It is the last happy event for the Rostov family which is going through a transition. Count Ilya Rostov dies soon after, leaving the eldest son Nikolai to take charge of the debt-ridden estate.Nikolai finds himself with the near-impossible task of maintaining the family on the verge of bankruptcy. His pride almost gets in the way of him, but Nikolai finally accedes to hismother's wish and marries the now-rich Marya Bolkonskaya in winter 1813, both out of feeling and out of the necessity to save his family from ruin.Nikolai Rostov and Marya then move to Bald Hills with his mother and Sonya, whom he supports for the rest of their life. Buoyed on by his wife's funds, Nikolai pays off all his family's debts. They also raise Prince Andrei's orphaned son, Nikolai Bolkonsky.Like in all marriages there are minor squabbles but the couples –Pierre and Natasha, Nikolai and Marya –remain devoted to their spouses. Pierre and Natasha visit Bald Hills in 1820, much to the jubilation of everyone concerned. There is a hint in the closing chapters that the idealistic, boyish Nikolai Bolkonsky (15-year-old in 1820) and Pierre would both become part of the Decembrist Uprising. The first epilogue concludes with Nikolai Bolkonsky promising he would do something which even his late father "would be satisfied…" (presumably as a revolutionary in the Decembrist revolt).The second epilogue sums up T olstoy’s views on history, free will and in what ways the two may interact to cause major events in humankind. in a long, partially historical and partly philosophical essay, where the narrator discusses how man cannot be wholly free, or wholly determined by "necessity" and this is primarily down to God.Tolstoy's view of historyTolstoy does not subscribe to the "great man" view of history: the notion that history is the story of strong personalities that move events and shape societies. He believes that events shape themselves, caused by social and other forces; and great men take advantage of them, changing them but not creating them.As an example, he compares Napoleon and Kutuzov. Napoleon, the Great Man, thought he had created the French Revolution, but actually he had simply happened along at the right time and usurped it. Kutuzov was more modest and more effective.Napoleon believed that he could control the course of a battle through sending orders through couriers, while Kutuzov admits that all he could do was to plan the initial disposition and then let subordinates direct the field of action. Typically, Napoleon would be frantically sending out orders throughout the course of a battle, carried by dashing young lieutenants—which were often misinterpreted or made irrelevant by changing conditions—while Kutuzov would sit quietly in his tent and often sleep through the battle. Ultimately, Napoleon chooses wrongly, opting to march on to Moscow and occupy it for five fatal weeks, when he would have been better off destroying the Russian army in a decisive battle. Instead, his numerically superior army dissipate on a huge scale, thanks to large scale looting and pillaging, and lack of direction for his force. General Kutuzov believes time to be his best ally, and refrains from engaging the French. He moves his army out of Moscow, and the residents evacuate the city: the nobles flee to their country estates, taking their treasures with them; lesser folk flee wherever they can, taking food and supplies. The French march into Moscow and disperse to find housing and supplies, then ultimately destroy themselves as they accidentally burn the city to the ground and then abandon it in late Fall, then limp back toward the French border in the teeth of a Russian Winter. They are all but destroyed by a final Cossack attack as they straggle back toward the west. Tolstoy observes that Kutuzuv didn't burn Moscow as a "scorched earth policy," nor did Napoleon; but after taking the city,Napoleon moved his troops in, to find housing more or less by chance in the abandoned houses: generals appropriated the grander houses, lesser men took what was left over; units were dispersed, and the chain of command dissolved into chaos. Quickly, his tightly disciplined army dissolved into a disorganized rabble; and of course, if one leaves a wooden city in the hands of strangers who naturally use fire to warm themselves, cook food, and smoke pipes, and have not learned how particular Russian families safely used their stoves and lamps (some of which they had taken with them as they fled the city), fires will break out. In the absence of an organized fire department, the fires will spread. As support for his outlook on history, Tolstoy concludes that the city was destroyed not by the freewill of either Napoleon or Kutuzov, but as an inevitable consequence of battle-weary foreign invaders occupying an abandoned wooden city.。
《战争与和平》人物关系图(优选.)
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托尔斯泰《战争与和平》主要人物关系表别祖霍夫家别祖霍夫伯爵（基里尔·弗拉基米罗维奇）叶卡捷琳娜二世宠臣、巨商皮埃尔（彼得·基里洛维奇·别祖霍夫伯爵）老别祖霍夫伯爵私生子大公爵小姐（三姐妹）老别祖霍夫伯爵的侄女罗斯托夫家罗斯托夫伯爵（伊利亚·安德烈耶维奇）莫斯科没落贵族罗斯托夫伯爵夫人（娜塔莉娅）老罗斯托夫伯爵之妻尼古拉·罗斯托夫伯爵老罗斯托夫伯爵长子、骠骑军官彼得·罗斯托夫伯爵老罗斯托夫伯爵次子薇拉·罗斯托娃伯爵小姐老罗斯托夫伯爵长女娜塔莎（娜塔莉娅·伊利尼奇娜·罗斯托娃）老罗斯托夫伯爵次女后来做了皮埃尔的妻子索尼娅（索菲娅·亚历山德罗夫娜）老罗斯托夫伯爵外甥女贝格（阿尔方斯·卡尔洛维奇）军官，后与薇拉结婚库拉金家瓦西里公爵（谢尔盖耶维奇·库拉金）伊波利特·库拉金瓦西里公爵长子阿纳托利·库拉金瓦西里公爵次子海伦（叶连娜·瓦西里耶夫娜·库拉金娜）瓦西里公爵之女，与皮埃尔结婚，后离异博尔孔斯基家博尔孔斯基公爵（尼古拉·安德烈伊奇）退职老军官安德烈·博尔孔斯基老博尔孔斯基公爵之子玛丽亚（费奥多罗夫娜·博尔孔斯卡娅）老博尔孔斯基公爵之女虔诚基督教徒，长得有点丑丽莎（丽莎韦塔·博尔孔斯卡娅）安德烈公爵之妻布里安（阿马利娅·叶夫根尼耶夫娜）玛丽亚女伴，法国籍美人其它多洛霍夫（费奥多尔，费佳）骠骑军官玛丽亚。
伊万诺夫娜多洛霍夫母亲鲍里斯·德鲁别茨科伊骠骑军官安娜·米哈伊诺夫娜·德鲁别茨卡娅鲍里斯的母亲朱莉·卡拉金娜后与鲍里斯结婚安内特（安娜·帕夫洛夫娜·舍列尔）俄皇太后宫廷女官杰尼索夫（瓦西里·德米特里耶维奇）骠骑军官普拉东·卡拉塔耶夫农民库图佐夫（米哈伊尔·伊拉里奥诺维奇）俄军统帅巴格拉季翁俄军将领温岑格罗德库图佐夫待从武官拿破仑（拿破仑·波拿巴）的三个元帅：缪拉、拉纳、贝利亚尔最新文件---------------- 仅供参考--------------------已改成-----------word文本 --------------------- 方便更改赠人玫瑰，手留余香。