PETS4真题07年9月
Section I Listening Comprehension( 30 minutes)Directions.This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are THREE parts in this section, Part A , Part B and Part C.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.If you have any questions, you may raise your hand NOW as you will not be allowed to speak once the test has started.Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part ADirections：For Questions l--5, you will hear a report on a survey recently done in Britain. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25Directions:For Questions 6--10, you will hear an interview with Rosemary, a self-employed dog trainer in Hong Kong. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questionsDirections:You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A ,B , C or D . After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece once only.Questions 11--13 are based on the following talk about prodigies, kids with unusual natural abilities. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11--13.11. What was John Stuart Mill?[ A ] A historian. [ B ] A composer.[ C ] A philosopher. [ D ] A mathematician.12. What has been found about children of unusual talent?[ A ] Many of them are from middle-class families.[ B ] There are more girls than boys among them.[ C ] They are mostly born by natural childbirth.[ D ] Their parents are usually ambitious and humorous.13. What can be inferred from the talk?[ A ] Material wealth goes hand in hand with mental emptiness.[ B ] Environment plays a decisive role in the development of prodigies.[ C ] Success has not always brought happiness to prodigies.[ D ] Public praise will help prodigies to find the value of their lives.Questions 14----16 are based on the interview with British singer and songwriter Beth Orton. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14--16.14. When did Beth Orton begin singing?[ A ] After she met William.[B ] Before she went to acting classes.[C ] After she dropped out of school.[D ] Before she joined a traveling group.15. When is the best time of a woman' s life, as Beth Orton was told?[ A ] In her 60s. [ B ] In her 40s.[C ] In her 30s. [ D ] In her 20s.16. What does Beth Orton want to do in the next year or so?[A ] Improve her skills in playing the drums.[B ] Learn how to play the violin.[ C ] Try some strange musical instruments.[ D ] Train herself in coordination.Questions 17--20 are based on the following discussion with Dr. Jane Richard about premarital contracting. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17--20.17. How do people see premarital contracting in general?[ A ] It is unfeasible and unnecessary.[B ] It has no effect on true love.[C ] It is only effective for someone rich and famous.[D ] It suggests distrust between the two partners.18. What does the woman think of premarital contracting?[ A ] It helps a couple know more about each other.[B ] It makes a couple' s relationship more stable.[ C ] It helps to develop genuine love in a couple.[ D ] It makes a couple feel more comfortable with each other.19. What is the divorce rate, according to the interviewer?[A] 50%. [B] 30%.[C] 20%. [D] 10%.20. What is essential in premarital contracting, according to the woman?[ A ] Financial status. [ B ] Legal documents.[ C ] Attitude to marriage. [ D ] Communication.You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.This is the end of Listening Comprehension.Section ⅡUse of English( 15 minutes)Directions.Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Believe it or not, airlines really are trying to do better. They promised to improve customer service last year 21 pressure from a Congress which was 22 stories of nightmare flights.So why is it that flying is getting 23 for so many passengers, 24 airlines are spending billions of dollars to improve service, 25 in new equipment such as mobile check-in stations and portable phone banks so travelers can quickly 26 a flight when it is delayed or canceled? The fact is that air travel has27 been such an annoyance, and customer complaints to the Transportation Department doubled in 199928 1998.It seems Mother Nature would 29 people by bus this year. An unusual run of bad weather, 30 long walls of thunderstorms, has crippled airports lately and led to widespread delays and cancellations. After similar problems last summer, the FAA promised to work more closely with airlines 31 weather slowdowns-for example, FAA and airline representatives now gather at a single location in Herndon, Va., to 32 the best way to allocate the available airspace. But even the FAA 33 the new initiative has fallen 34 of expectations, and many passengers complain that the delays seem 35 .Part of the problem is overcrowded planes. 36 the strong economy, U.S. airlines are expected to carry a record 665 million passengers this year, up 5 percent from last year. On 37 , planes are about 76 percent full these days, also a 38 . That' s good news for the Transport Department, which are profitably loading more passengers 39 each flight, and bad news for passengers, 40 irritations build rapidly in tight quarters.21. [ A ] under [ B ] below [ C ] beneath [ D ] beyond22. [ A ] held back by [ B ] fed up with [ C ] taken in by [ D ] filled in with23. [ A ] inferior [ B ] worse [ C ] desperate [ D ] fatal24. [ A ] as if [ B ] so that [ C ] even though [ D ] now that25. [ A ] upgrading [ B ] purchasing [ C ] installing [ D ] investing26. [ A ] reclaim [ B ] reserve [ C ] recall [ D ] rebook27. [ A ] never [ B ] often [ C ] also [ D ] always28. [ A ] since [ B ] upon [ C ] over [ D ] from29. [ A ] persist [ B ] presume [ C ] prefer [ D ] permit30. [ A ] featuring [ B ] capturing [ C ] distinguishing [ D ] characterizing31. [ A ] charged with [ B ] responding to [ C ] replying to [ D ] abiding by32. [ A] draw in [B] follow up [ C ] figure out [D ] set aside33. [ A ] admits [ B ] allows [ C ] reveals [ D ] claims34. [ A ] laggi [ B ] lacking [ C ] scarce [ D ] short35. [ A ] absolute [ B ] arbitrary [ C ] plentiful [ D ] superfluous36. [ A ] According to [ B ] Except for [C] Thanks to [ D ] Based on37. [ A ] calculation [ B ] average [ C ] estimate [ D ] total38. [ A ] fantasy [ B ] monument [ C ] legend [ D ] record39. [ A ] at [ B ] for [ C ] over [ D ] on40. [ A ] since [ B ] although [ C ] unless [ D ] ifSection ⅢReading Comprehension( 60 minutes)Part ADirections.Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Text 1The future of space exploration depends on many things. It depends on how technology evolves, how political forces shape competition and partnerships between nations, and how important the public feels space exploration is. The near future will see the continuation of human space flight in Earth' s orbit and unpiloted space flight within the solar system. Piloted space flight to other planets, or even back to the moon, still seems far away. Any flight to other solar systems is even more distant, but a huge advance in space technology could drive space exploration into realms currently explored only by science fiction.The 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey depicted commercial shuttles flying to and from a giant wheel-shaped space station in orbit around Earth, bases on the moon, and a piloted mission to Jupiter. The real space activities of 2001 will not match this cinematic vision, but the 21 st century will see a continuation of efforts to transform humanity into a spacefaring species.Perhaps the most difficult problem space planners face is how to finance a vigorous program of piloted space exploration, in Earth' s orbit and beyond. In 1998 no single government or international enterprise had plans to send people back to the moon, much less to Mars. Such missions are unlikely to happen until the perceived value exceeds their cost.One belief shared by a number of space exploration experts is that future lunar and Martian expeditions should be aimed at creating permanent settlements. The residents of such outposts would have to "live off the land," obtaining such necessities as oxygen and water from the harsh environment. On the moon, pioneers could obtain oxygen by heating lunar soil. In 1998 the Lunar Prospector discovered evidence of significant deposits of ice, a valuable resource for settlers, mixed with soil at the lunar poles. On Mars, oxygen could be extracted from the atmosphere and water could come from buried deposits of ice.The future of piloted lunar and planetary exploration remains largely unknown. Most space exploration scientists believe that people will be on the moon and Mars by the middle of the 21st century, but how they get there, and the nature of their visits, is a subject of continuing debate. Clearly, key advances will need to be made in lowering the cost of getting people off Earth, the first step in any human voyage to other worlds.41. A flight to other solar systems will be made more possible by[ A ] technological breakthroughs.[ B ] international co-operation.[ C ] market competition.[ D ] public pressure.42. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that human society will become increasingly[ A ] worried about life on other planets.[ B ] dependent on space tourism.[ C ] accustomed to long-distance flights.[ D ] associated with space exploration.43. According to this text, piloted space missions will need to be[ A ] more exciting than earlier film versions.[B ] supported by international organizations.[C ] more cost-effective than they appear to be at present.[ D ] financed by individual governments.44. It is predicted that people who will live on other planets would have to[ A ] appreciate the harsh conditions they encounter there.[ B ] depend on the natural resources available there.[ C ] take most daily necessities along with them.[ D ] engage in scientific research.45. It is difficult to send people to other planets because of[ A ] lack of capacity of space exploration vehicles.[ B ] the financial expenditure involved in space travel.[ C ] controversial nature of space travel.[ D ] the uncertain future of space exploration.Text 2Empowering workers constitutes the first step toward a stronger economy and stronger citizenry. It is a vital step toward overcoming inequality in American society. During the 1980s, the need for better wages for all workers increased as women, traditionally secondary earners, assumed greater responsibility for their own and their children' s well-being. Yet the ability to raise families to a decent living standard through wage work decreased; real wages fell for most workers. And the Federal Government enacted no new policies to facilitate the integration of work and family, as working women and working families suffered a loss in political power as well.Black or Hispanic women are four times as likely to be low-wage workers as are white men with comparable skills and experience. White women are more than three times as likely as white men to be low-wage workers, and black or Hispanic men more than one-and-a-half times as likely.More than half of all low-wage workers are the only wage workers in their families, or live alone.Employment no longer provides an escape from poverty. More than eight million working adults are poor; two million of them work full-time, year-round. More than seven million poor children have at least one working parent. When that one working parent is a low-wage worker, the children have no better chance of escaping from poverty than if the parent were not working at all; more than two-fifths of such children are poor.Even if generous income assistance were available, the wages employers pay would be held to a minimum. In addition, policies such as tax credits for working parents do nothing to increase the political power of working women and men.Our research shows that unionization is among the most effective strategies for raising pay, especially for women and minority men. Being a union member, or being covered by a collective bargaining agreement, raised 1984 wages by $ 1.79 per hour for Hispanic men, $ 1.32 for black men, $ 1.26 for Hispanic women, $ 1.01 for black women, $ 0.68 for white women, and $ 0.41 for white men, when all other factors, such as occupation, industry, firm size, education and experience were held constant. In percentage terms, the union increase was more than 15 percent for blacks and Hispanics, 11 percent for white women, and 4 percent for white men.46. During the 1980s, women started to play a more important role in[ A ] demanding political fights. [ B ] improving social welfare.[ C ] supporting the family [ D ] earning better wages.47. According to Paragraph 2, who are most likely to be poor?[ A ] Women of color. [ B ] White women.[ C ] Men of color. [ D ] White men.48. According to Paragraph 3, having a job[ A ] means earning a low wage.[ B ] has never provided a way out of poverty.[ C ] does not mean that the children will become rich.[ D ] may not be a guarantee for a poor family to become better off.49. The term "unionization" ( Line 1, Paragraph 5) refers to[ A ] mobilizing all workers to seize power.[ B ] gathering workers into an organized group.[ C ] working out strategies to raise workers' pay.[ D ] changing wage policies for women and minority men.50. What is the theme of the text?[ A ] The causes of low-wage problems.[ B ] The inequality of workers' pay.[ C ] The improvement of the rates of pay.[ D ] The economy and the rates of pay.Text 3Du Bois was a sociological and educational pioneer who challenged the established system of education that tended to restrict rather than to advance the progress of black Americans. He challenged what is called the "Tuskegee machine" of Booker T. Washington, the leading educational spokesperson of the blacks in the U. S..A sociologist and historian, Du Bois called for a more determined and activist leadership than Washington provided.Unlike Washington, whose roots were is southern black agriculture, Du Bois' s career spanned both sides of the Mason-Dixon Line. He was a native of Massachusetts, received his undergraduate education from Fisk University in Nashville, did his graduate study at Harvard University, and directed the Atlanta University Studies of Black American Life in the South. Du Bois approached the problem of racial relations in the United States from two dimensions: as a scholarly researcher and as an activist for civil fights. Among his works was the famous empirical sociological study, The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study, in which he examined that city' s black population and made recommendations for the school system. Du Bois' s Philadelphia study was the pioneer work on urban blacks in America.Du Bois had a long and active career as a leader in the civil fights movement. He helped to organize the Niagara Movement in 1905, which led to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), established in 1909. From 1910 until 1934, Du Bois edited The Crisis, the major journal of the NAACP. In terms of its educational policy, the NAACP position was that all American children and youth should have genuine equality of educational opportunity. This policy, which Du Bois helped to formulate, stressed the following themes: (1) public schooling should be free and compulsory for all American children; (2) secondary schooling should be provided for all youth; (3) higher education should not be monopolized by any special class or race.As a leader in education, Du Bois challenged not only the tradition of racial segregation in the schools but also the accommodationist ideology of Booker T. Washington. The major difference between the two men was that Washington sought change that was evolutionary in nature and did not upset the social order, whereas Du Bois demanded immediate change. Du Bois believed in educated leadership for blacks, and he developed a concept referred to as the "talented tenth," according to which 10 percent of the black population would receivea traditional college education in preparation for leadership.51. Compared with B. T. Washington, Du Bois' s political stand was[ A ] less popular. [ B ] more radical.[ C ] less aggressive. [ D ] more conservative.52. According to the text, Du Bois worked as all of the following EXCEPT[ A ] an editor. [ B ] an educator.[ C ] a scholar. [ D ] an official.53. It is Du Bois' s belief that[ A ] the blacks have a priority in terms of education.[ B ] higher education should be free for all races.[ C ] everyone has an equal fight to education.[ D ] development in education should be gradual.54. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?[ A ] Washington would not appreciate the idea of overthrowing social order.[ B ] Racial separation is an outcome of accommodationist ideology.[ C ] Washington would not support determined activist leadership.[ D ] The Philadelphia Negro is a book on blacks in American South.55. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[ A ] many blacks are prepared for leadership.[ B ] Du Bois was in favor of "elite education" for blacks.[ C ] Washington and Du Bois had never been friends.[ D ] only the top 10 percent are worth educating.Text 4Our analysis therefore suggests that the real problem facing the black community lies in the educational obstacles prior to the Ph. D. programs rather than in the pour-in of foreign students. Equally, our analysis suggests that we ought to treat foreign students as an important source of brain gain for us and that we ought to facilitate, rather than hinder, their arrival and their entry into our work force. How could this be done?There is a long-standing provision in our immigration laws under which those who bring in a certain amount of financial capital ( which will "create jobs" ) are allowed to immigrate: A foreigner who invests one million dollars in a commercial enterprise established in a high-unemployment area, which creates jobs for at least ten Americans, is automatically given immigrant status (i. e. a green card). We suggest extending the idea from financial to human capital.Currently, graduate students who wish to stay on in the United States after their Ph.D. s must be sponsored by their employers, a process that imposes substantial hardship both on the students and on smaller employers.The standard procedure is in two stages. First, the U. S. Department of Labor must, on the basis of a U. S. employer' s sponsorship, certify that "no American can do this job. " Then, the would-be immigrant must apply for immigrant status at the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). If all goes fight, the entire process takes about two years (considerably more for citizens of certain countries). But things may not go fight: there could be problems at either stage. Thus, the employer or the "alien" must hire an immigration lawyer. The current process, then, is costly both to the would-be immigrant and to the employer ( and hence, it unfairly penalizes smaller firmsthat cannot afford this expensive process and so cannot recruit this foreign talent).The Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1990 introduced an alternative route for professors and researchers to secure immigrant status. Essentially, it eliminates the average processing time to about one year, it does not eliminate any of the uncertainty or the need for expensive legal counsel.We budget that automatic green cards be given to all those who obtain a Ph. D. in the science and engineering programs at our universities. In adopting such a "guaranteed green card" proposal, we would be recognizing the important contribution that these students make to our leading position in science by giving equal weight to human capital and financial capital.56. Prior to this text, the author has most probably made an analysis of[ A ] brain gain in the United States.[ B ] the cause of problems of the black people.[ C ] the U. S educational programs for blacks.[ D ] the procedure of foreign students' immigration.57. Which of the following statements will the author most probably agree with?[ A ] Foreign students are a new source of financial capital.[ B ] Ph. D. graduates should automatically be given green cards.[ C ] Foreign Ph.D. graduates may function as a kind of capital.[D ] Foreign investors ought to immigrate to high unemployment areas.58. A foreign graduate student who applies for immigrant status must have[ A ] a U. S. employer' s sponsorship.[ B ] financial capital to create ten jobs.[ C ] a job in an American company.[ D ] the help of an immigration lawyer.59. Smaller enterprises have difficulty using foreign talent because of[ A ] the costly recruiting process.[ B ] the expensive legal counsel.[ C ] the competition from big companies.[ D ] the inability to provide sponsorship.60. The author’s proposal differs from the Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1990 in[A ] the kind of green card.[ B ] the amount of investment capital.[ C ] the budget for the whole process.[ D ] the certainty of issuing green cards.Part BDirections.Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your translation clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.The cost of staging the year 2000 Olympics in Sydney is estimated to be a staggering $ 960 million, but 61 )the city is preparing to reap the financial benefits that come from holding such an international event by equaling the commercial success of Los Angeles, the only city yet to have made a demonstrable profit from the Games in 1984. At precisely 4:20 a.m. on Friday the 24th of September 1993, it was announced that Sydney had beaten five other competing cities around the world, and Australians everYwhere, not only Sydneysiders, were justifiably proud of the result. 62) But, if Sydney had lost the bid, would the taxpayers of New South Wales and of Australia have approved of governments spending millions of dollars in a failed and costly exercise?There may have been some consolation in the fact that the bid came in $ l million below the revised budget and $ 5 million below the original budget of $ 29 million formulated in mid-1991. However, the final cost was the considerable sum of $ 24 million, the bulk of which was paid for by corporate and community contributions, merchandising, licensing, and the proceeds of lotteries, with the NSW Government, which had originally been willing to spend up to $ 10 million, contributing some $ 2 million. 63)The Federal Government' s grant of $ 5 million meant, in effect, that the Sydney bid was financed by every Australian taxpayer.Prior to the announcement of the winning city, there was considerable debate about the wisdom of taking financial risks of this kind at a time of economic recession. 64 )Others argued that 70% of the facilities were already in place, and all were on government-owned land, removing some potential areas of conflict which troubled previous Olympic bidders. The former NSW Premier, Mr. Nick Greiner, went on record as saying that the advantage of having the Games... "is not that you are going to have $ 7.4 billion in extra gross domestic product over the next 14 years. " 65) I think the real point is the psychological change, the gaining of confidence, apart from the other more obvious reasons, such as the building of sporting facilities, tourism, and things of that nature.Section IV Writing (35 minutes) Directions.66. Read the following statement and write an essay on it. In your essay, you should1) state your opinion, and2) support it with examples."The man who reads well is the man who thinks well, who has a background for opinion and a stand for judgment. "You should write 160--200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.。
9月公共英语四级真题完整版
9月公共英语四级真题完整版2011年9月公共英语四级真题（完整版）Section I Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section II Use of English (15 minutes)英语常识根据下列材料，回答1-20问题。
In the past decade, new scientific developments in communications have changed the way many people gather information about politics. The most important of these new 21 is the Internet. Recent research suggests the use of the Internet for political information increases the 22 of participation.While a (n) 23 relationship between Internet news and political participation has been found, a theoretical link as to why the Internet is 24 from other media forms is largely 25 This research is an attempt to 26 the "black-box" linking the Internet and political participation by building on two theoretical 27 . The first, surge and decline theory, comes out of political science and the second, media systems dependency theory, 28 from communications. Both explanations focus on individual costs and benefits of political participation. The media can 29 the "costs" by providing sufficient information to make 30 decisions about voting. Previous research 31 that the Internet benefits the public through the cost side of the equation. One of the media's greatest 32 is information and the public 33 on media to provide them with the in-formation they need. 34 the Internet is capable of providing information 35 , and from a multitude of sources, one would expect it to 36 political action through lowering the cost of information.Besides lowering participation costs, the media can 37increase the benefits of participation. Intense media 38 of an event such as an election can 39 excitement that increases the perceived "benefit" of participating. The Internet may encouragea unique participation benefit 40 increased mobilization efforts.1、A.technologiesB.materialsC.conceptsD.devices2、A.practicabilityB.feasibilityC.probabilityD.stability3、A.criticalB.analyticalC.empiricalD.technical4、A.specificB.uniqueC.particularD.peculiar5、A.builtB.losingC.missingD.connected6、A.unpackB.unrollC.untieD.unfold7、A.experimentsmentsC.approachesD.investigations 8、A.orientatesB.initiatesC.correlatesD.originates 9、A.alterB.decreaseC.induceD.cover10、rmedB.acceptedC.understoodD.diversified11、A.declaresB.deniesC.promisesD.argues12、A.databanksB.resourcesC.sourcesD.costs13、A.baseB.actC.relyD.live14、A.BecauseB.WhileC.IfD.Although15、A.casuallyB.objectivelyC.readilyD.skillfully16、A.advertiseB.popularizeC.manageD.encourage17、A.alsoB.yetC.onlyD.just18、A.interferenceB.statementC.coverageD.image19、A.generateB.promoteC.installD.expose20、A.forB.viaC.atD.fromSection III Reading Comprehension (60 minutes)阅读理解A21、根据材料，回答21-40问题。
公共英语等级考试pets4级真题训练
公共英语等级考试pets4级真题训练Part CIn the following article,some sentences have been removed.For Questions51——55,choose the most suitable one from the list[A]——[G]to fit into each of the numbered gaps.There are two extra choices, which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.On the north bank of the Ohio River sits Evansville,Ind.,home of David Williams,52,and of a riverboat casino(a place where gambling games are played).During several years of gambling in that casino,Williams, a state auditor eaming$35,000a year,lost approximately$175,000.He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for$20worth of gambling.He visited the casino,lost the$20and left.On his second visit he lost$800.The casino issued to him,as a good customer,a"Fun Card", which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks,and enables the casino to track the user's gambling activities.For Williams,those activities become what he calls"electronic heroin."(51)In1997he lost$21,000to one slot machine in two days.In March1997he lost$72,186.He sometimes played two slot machines at a" time,all night,until the boat docked at5a.m.,then went back aboard when the casino opened at9a.m.Now he is suing the casino,charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.In March1998,a friend of Williams's got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions,and wrote to inform the casino of Williams's gambling problem.The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers,and wrote to him a"cease admissions" letter.Noting the"medical/psychological"nature of problem gambling behavior,the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety orwell-being.(52).The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has24signs warning: "'Enjoy the fun...and always bet with your head,not over it".Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health.Nevertheless,Williams's suit charges that the casino,knowing he was"helplessly addicted to gambling", intentionally worked to"lure"him to"engage in conduct against his will. "Well.(53).The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says"pathological gambling"involves persistent,recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.(54).Pushed by science,or what claims to be science,society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(55).Forty-four states have lotteries,29have casinos,and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on--you might say addicted to revenues from wagering.And since the first Internet gambling site was created in1995,competition for gamblers'dollars has become intense. The Oct.28issue of Newsweek reported that2million gamblers patronize 1,800virtual casinos every week.With$ 3.5billion being lost onInternetwagers this year,gambling has passed pornography as the Web's most profitable business.A.Although no such evidence was presented,the casino's marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings.And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.B.It is unclear what luring was required,given his compulsive behavior.And in what sense was his will operative?C.By the time he had lost$5,000he said to himseff that if he could get back to even,he would quit.One night he won$5,500,but he did not quit.D.Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever,but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin,or a social disease.Now it is a social policy:the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.E.David Williams's suit should trouble this gambling nation,But don't bet on it.F.It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems,often defining as addictions what earlier,sterner generations explained as weakness of will.G.The anonymous,lonely,undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conductive to compulsive behavior.But even if the government knew how to move against Intemet gambling,what would be its grounds for doing so?Part C参考译文印第安纳,k11的埃文斯座落在俄亥俄河的北岸，它是52岁的大卫·威廉姆斯的家乡，也是一家河船赌场的所在地。
07年12月-12年6月英语四级写作真题与答案
CET 4 历年范文10篇背诵1。
2007年12月英语四级写作真题与答案Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of What Electives to Choose。
You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow：1、各大学开设了各种各样的选修课2、学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课3、以你自己为例……What Electives to ChooseNowadays, there usually exists a wide selection of electives for college students to choose from. However，students have quite different plans, so they always end up learning courses based on their own ideas.Some students may choose to learn a certain course in order to obtain an extra certificate for their job hunting after graduation。
Because they assume that some more knowledge could ensure more chances of winning in finding a good job。
Others may have their choice made just for fun。
They tend to hold the idea that college life could be more colorful if they could widen their knowledge through elective courses。
07-17-专业英语四级-229_真题-无答案
专业英语四级-229(总分100,考试时间90分钟)1. If you want to lose weight, you should not take such food ______.A. as is not really necessaryB. as it is not really necessaryC. as it was not really necessaryD. as was not really necessary2. Just as relaxation is an important part of our lives, ______ stress.A. so isB. as it isC. and so isD. the same is3. When the reform and opening-up policy was carried out in China, his father ______ college.A. attendedB. had been attendingC. was attendingD. has been attending4. — Can I pay the bill by check?— Sorry, sir. But it is the management rules of our hotel that payment ______ be made in cash.A. shallB. needC. willD. can5. Can you make sure ______ the gold ring?A. where Alice had putB. where did Alice putC. where Alice has putD. where has Alice put6. ______, please feel free to write to me.A. Shall you need any further informationB. Should you need any further informationC. Will you need any further informationD. Would you need any further information7. Setting up a committee might be a way ______ the project more efficiently.A. to be doingB. doingC. to doD. being done8. The president of the college, together with the deans, ______ planning a conference for the purpose of laying down a series of regulations.A. wereB. areC. isD. will9. ______ in an atmosphere of simple living was what his parents wished for.A. He was educatedB. He educatedC. His being educatedD. He to be educated10. Tom ______ in the paper as scheduled, but he was seriously injured two days ago.A. was to handB. was to have handedC. is to have handedD. ought to hand11. I don"t know you want to keep the letter. I"ve ______ it up.A. tornB. givenC. brokenD. disposed12. Individual lines of the poem were very beautiful, but I didn"t see how the lines fit together. To me, the poem wasn"t ______.A. inherentB. coherentC. logicalD. corporate13. With one leg broken in that car accident, he cannot even walk, ______ run.A. let aloneB. that"s to sayC. not to speakD. not to mention14. If the scheme is ______ carried out without waste of time or energy I shall be completely satisfied.A. relativelyB. noticeablyC. appropriatelyD. efficiently15. When travelling, you are advised to take travellers" checks, which provide a secure ______ to carrying your money in cash.A. substituteB. selectionC. preferenceD. alternative16. By cutting down trees we ______ the natural home of birds and animals.A. harmB. hurtC. injureD. damage17. Some researchers feel that certain people have nervous systems particularly ______ to hot, dry winds. They are what we call weather-sensitive people.A. subjectiveB. subordinateC. liableD. vulnerable18. I always ______ what I have said.A. get toB. see toC. lead toD. hold to19. **panions have threatened to ______ his crimes to the police.A. imposeB. expressC. encloseD. expose20. The **mittee hoped that their choice of play would be ______ with the students and their parents.A. recognizedB. popularC. favorableD. fascinated21. ______, Jim had to stay up for the night to finish his paper.A. Having not given enough timeB. Having not been given enough timeC. Not having been given enough timeD. Not having given enough time22. No one can be sure ______ in a million years.A. what man will look likeB. what will man look likeC. man will look like whatD. what look will man like23. —We haven"t heard from Jane for a long time.—What do you suppose ______ to her?A. was happeningB. has happenedC. to happenD. having happened24. They have ______ to cover both of them.A. too small an umbrellaB. very small an umbrellaC. a too small umbrellaD. a small umbrella25. —Where is your farther?—He ______ flowers in the garden.A. watersB. must waterC. must be wateringD. must have watered26. She is going to have ______ X-rays examination this morning.A. .aB. anC. theD. some27. This ______ boy is John"s nephew.A. Japanese handsome littleB. little handsome JapaneseC. little Japanese handsomeD. handsome little Japanese28. My niece has been to Sumatra and Iran as well as all of Europe. By the time she"s twenty, she ______ almost everywhere.A. will beB. would have beenC. will have beenD. would be29. Returning to my apartment ______.A. my watch was missingB. I found my watch missedC. I found my watch missingD. the watch was missed30. This is an ideal site for a university ______ it is far from the downtown area.A. provided thatB. now thatC. so thatD. in that31. My grandfather accidentally ______ fire to the house.A. putB. tookC. setD. got32. Anna refused to ______ the car keys to her husband until he had promised to wear his safety belt.A. hand inB. hand outC. hand downD. hand over33. It is strictly ______ that access to confidential documents is denied to all but a few.A. securedB. forbiddenC. regulatedD. determined34. It was felt that he lacked the ______ to pursue a difficult task to the very end.A. petitionB. engagementC. commitmentD. qualification35. When supply exceeds demand for any product, prices are ______ to fall.A. timelyB. simultaneousC. subjectD. liable36. The Japanese scientists have found that scents ______ efficiency and reduce stress among office workers.A. enhanceB. amplifyC. fosterD. magnify37. With prices ______ so much, it is difficult for the school to plan a budget.A. vibratingB. fluctuatingC. flutteringD. swinging38. Though he views himself as a realist, Michael says that his findings make him very about ______ future.A. optimisticB. objectiveC. precautiousD. sympathetic39. At a press conference after the Oscar Award ceremony, the 18-year-old girl spoke in a barely ______ voice.A. identicalB. legibleC. optionalD. audible40. If you want children to work hard you must ______ their interests instead of their sense of duty.A. appeal toB. look intoC. give rise toD. go in for。
07-17-专业英语四级-250_真题-无答案
专业英语四级-250(总分100,考试时间90分钟)LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words, phrases or statements marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word, phrase or statement that **pletes the sentence.1. Which of the italicized parts functions as a subject?A. It is not decidedwhether to go or not.B. It will be given **es first.C. It is his fatherthat has prevented him from doing so.D. What matters isnot how much you do but whether you try to do.2. They failed six times but they have made their minds to try ______.A. seven timesB. seventh timeC. a seventh timeD. the seventh time3. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A. The cattle in the farm were killed.B. New machinery was introduced into the factory.C. The police were going to search that district.D. All the furniture were sold in the house.4. When I arrived at the meeting, the first speaker ______ and the audience ______.A. had finished speaking, had clappedB. finished speaking, clappedC. had finished speaking, were clappingD. finished speaking, were speaking5. Which of the following best explains the meaning of "You may not go to the party"?A. You are not permitted to go to the party.B. Possibly you will not go to the party.C. You shouldn"t go to the party.D. You can decide whether to go to the party.6. Which of the following prepositional phrases can function as an attribute?A. We will go to the parkwithout you.B. There seems to be a solutionto this problem.C. To my delight, he passed the entrance examination.D. Fruit is richin vitamin.7. The directors have a meeting every Friday, unless there is nothing to discuss. Which of the following sentences has a similar meaning?A. The directors have a meeting every Friday without exception.B. The directors occasionally have no meeting on Friday.C. The directors have no meeting on Fridays.D. The directors have nothing to discuss at the meeting every Friday.8. The idea of traveling through ______ space to other planets interests many people today.A. .aB. theC. /D. one9. While reading the newspaper, ______.A. a colorful advertisement caught my eyesB. my attention was attracted by a colorful advertisementC. I was attracted by a colorful advertisementD. what attracted me was a colorful advertisement10. As ______ announced in today"s paper, the Shanghai Export Commodities Fair is also open on Sundays.A. beingB. to beC. isD. been11. "How long did it take you to realize he was dishonest? I ______ from the start."A. looked him throughB. saw through himC. look forward to himD. saw him through12. Sharp ______ make short graces. So don"t laugh at those lesser beings who do not have enough to support themselves.A. headsB. feetC. fingersD. stomachs13. Her audience did not find these works easy to understand though today we found them more understandable. The meaning of the underlined word is ______.A. fancifulB. comprehensiveC. comprehensibleD. fantastic14. The army got the order to arrive at the front immediately, but their advance was ______ by bad weather.A. confusedB. hamperedC. hammeredD. perplexed15. They are not the kind of the people to give in to threats. The meaning of the underlined part is ______.A. yieldB. yieldingC. yield toD. yield up16. ______ energy under the earth must be released in one form or another, for example, an earthquake.A. AccumulatedB. GatheredC. AssembledD. Collected17. They offered me a loan on very ______ terms.A. favorableB. favoriteC. favoredD. favor18. She was told to ______ a sum of money from her salary each month.A. set offB. set upC. set asideD. set about19. The native Canadians lived in ______ with nature, for they respected nature as a provider of life.A. coordinationB. acquaintanceC. contactD. harmony20. His hand shook a little as he ______ the key in the lock.A. insertedB. piercedC. squeezedD. jammed21. Which of the following sentences is grammatically and semantically correct?A. Weren"t you upset if you had lost your watch?B. Wouldn"t you be upset if you had lost your watch?C. Hadn"t you been upset if you had lost your watch?D. Wouldn"t you have upset if you had lost your watch?22. It is no good ______ to come now. He is busy at the moment to deal with other urgent things.A. asking himB. that you asked himC. to askD. if you ask him23. I won"t pay 2,000 dollars for the shirt; it is not worth ______.A. much all thatB. that all muchC. that much allD. all that much24. Which of the following statements is close to "He hardly dared to walk outside alone at night"?A. He never walked outside alone at night.B. He always walked outside alone at night.C. He seldom walked outside alone at night.D. He would never stop walking outside alone at night.25. I believe there is ______ a ghost in the world.A. no such thing asB. not such thing asC. no such a thing asD. not such a thing as26. Which of the following sentences is CORRECT?A. The doctor is feeling the little girl"s pulse. He says it feels normal.B. The doctor is feeling the little girl"s pulse. He says it has felt normal.C. The doctor is feeling the little girl"s pulse. He says it is feeling normal.D. The doctor is feeling the little girl"s pulse. He says it is felt normal.27. John will have to go to work by bus as his car is under repair. The underlined part means ______.A. is repairedB. has been repairedC. is being repairedD. is needed repairing28. The teacher requested that ______ so as to find a solution as soon as possible.A. the students studied the problems more carefullyB. the problem would be more carefully studiedC. the students had studied the problem with more careD. the problem be studied with more care29. Which of the following sentences is the meaning of "Tom was to have gone to New York but he had something urgent to deal with"?A. Tom would go to New York but he had something urgent to deal with.B. Tom had intended to go to New York but he had something urgent to deal with.C. Tom was going to New York but he had something urgent to deal with.D. Tom had gone to New York but he had something urgent to deal with.30. ______ him tomorrow?A. Why not to call onB. Why don"t call onC. Why not to calling onD. Why not call on31. **pany has employed a girl who is good at operating **puter. The underlined part means ______.A. sufficientB. proficientC. efficientD. inefficient32. The ______ that exists among nations could certainly be lessened if misunderstanding and mistrust were removed.A. tensionB. strainC. stressD. intensity33. A word processor is much better than a typewriter in that it enables you to enter and ______ your text more easily.A. registerB. dictateC. editD. print34. I know you have got a smooth tongue, so don"t talk me ______ buying it.A. awayB. intoC. outD. down35. The farmers are ______ seeds over the field.A. staggeringB. dispersingC. scatteringD. spreading36. Watching me pulling the calf awkwardly to the barn, the milkmaid fought hard to ______ her laughter.A. hold outB. hold backC. hold upD. hold off37. As a result of the financial crisis, the government is urging people to be ______ with energy.A. economicalB. economyC. economicD. economics38. When I asked him to pay me what he owed, he went purple with ______.A. rageB. angerC. indignationD. resentment39. Many of them are ______ of the original settlers.A. descendantsB. forefathersC. ancestorsD. masters40. The ______ from the fire made the room warm and cozy.A. flickerB. glowC. flashD. glint。
2017年9月全国英语等级考试四级知识点及考试技能
2017 年9 月全国英语等级考试四级知识点及考试技
能
导语：2017 年9 月份的全国英语等级考试四级快要开考了，下面YJBYS 小编分享2017 年9 月全国英语等级考试四级知识点及考试技能，欢迎参考!
PETS 第四级考生应能掌握5500 左右的词汇以及相关附表中的内容。
在制定第四级词汇表时，除参照了国内外同层次教学中所用的词表，也参考了一些大型英语语料库的词频列表。
同时，还考虑到了该级别考生在交际中的实际需要。
第四级词汇表在包括了第三级词汇表中全部词汇的基础上增力1500 词。
第四级词汇表仅包含单词的基本词形，不包括单词的读音、词性、意义和用法，考生应学习和掌握这些内容。
考生还应掌握基本的英语构词法，能够根据词汇表附表五：词缀表中的词缀进行单词的派生。
此外，词汇表也未列出相关词组(包括动词词组、短语和习语等)，考生应注意学习和掌握。
另外，考虑到交际的需要，考生还应掌握涉及个人好恶、生活习惯、宗教信仰，以及本人工作或学习等方面的特殊词汇。
在PETS 第四级试卷中出现的超出该级词汇表的英语单词，不会给出中文注释，但会严格控制此类单词的数量。
PETS 第四级考生应具备的各项语言技能描述如下：
1)听力：能听懂日常生活中的通知、讲话、一般性谈话或讨论，还能听懂所熟悉领域的广播电视节目、讲座、演讲和论述。
2)阅读：能读懂多种类型的文字材料，包括私人和正式信件、报。
pets4真题
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These days， "what do you want to do when you grow up？” is the wrong question to ask children in the USA. The_______（51） should be: "what job are you doing now？" American companies are employing more and more young people as consultants to evaluate products for child_______(52）。
The 12—to-19_______(53) group spends more than $100 billion a year in the USA。
Specialist agencies have been created to help manufaqturers ask kids about all the latest trends in clothes, food and_______（54） markets. One_______（55）, Teenage Research Unlimited, has panels （评判小组) of teenagers who give their verdict (裁决) onproducts_______(56) jeans (牛仔裤）。
07-18-专业英语四级_真题-无答案015
专业英语四级-77(总分100,考试时间90分钟)READING COMPREHENSIONTEXT AThis month shops in the UK will begin to phase out traditional tungsten bulbs as part of a government plan to replace **pletely by 2011 and save 5m tons of carbon emissions a year. However the current crop of low energy light bulbs **ing under criticism for causing **plaints and migraines, releasing Mercury into the environment on disposal and not being as energy efficient as new LED equivalents.A typical low energy light bulb is said to contain between six and eight miligrammes of mercury. If one is smashed in a home the room should be vacated for at least 15 minutes, the bulb cleared wearing rubber gloves, put in a sealed plastic bag and taken to the local council for disposal. Unbroken bulbs can also be taken back to the retailer if the owner is a member of the Distributor Takeback Scheme.Greenpeace has called for a public information campaign to advise people how to dispose of low energy light bulbs safely, arguing that "Rather than being worried about the mercury these light bulbs contain, the general public should be reassured that using them will actually reduce the amount of mercury overall in our atmosphere."Further health concerns **e from the bulbs exacerbating of skin conditions in the estimated 100,000 people in the UK with photosensitive skin including suffers of lupus, Xeroderma Pigmentation, eczema and dermatitis.There have also been claims that the bulbs cause migraines, affect ME suffers and increase the risk of seizures in people with epilepsy and a growing number of charities including Spectrum and the British Association of Dermatologists are calling for exemptions to allow those affected to continue using traditional bulbs.But perhaps the biggest threat to the traditional energy saving light **es from a new type of Light Emitting Diode (LED) developed by Glasgow and Strathclyde Universities.LEDs use less power than energy efficient light bulbs currently available but have not historically been powerful enough to be cheaply produced for the mass market. The Scottish scientists have **e this by decreasing the costs and increasing the speed of Nano-imprint lithography, the process of putting microscopic holes in the LEDs to make them brighter, and suitable for home use.Dr. Faiz Rahman, who is leading the project, said: "This means the days of the humble light bulbs could soon be over."1. The traditional tungsten bulbs have been criticized for ______.A. releasing carbon into the environmentB. resulting in chronic diseasesC. being not as energy efficient as they were claimedD. causing heavy-metal pollution into the environment2. What is the most important measure to take when a low energy light bulb is smashed at home?A. Make sure that the right tool is used to dispose of its remains.B. Make sure that nobody has direct contact with its remains.C. Make sure that its remains are taken to an authorized disposal unit.D. Make sure that the environment is not polluted by its remains.3. Greenpeace appears to be ______ the use of low energy light bulbs.A. hopeful aboutB. irritated withC. supportive aboutD. dissatisfied with4. The British Association of Dermatologists may acknowledge that the low energy light bulbs ______.A. are not as effective as traditional light bulbsB. produce negative influences on our bodyC. should not be marketed to a large scaleD. should not be imposed on patients5. Dr. Faiz Rahman is confident that people in the future will ______.A. be impressed by their research of light bulbsB. realize the setbacks of humble light bulbsC. find the advantages of LEDsD. eventually use LEDs for lightingFor 12 days every spring, the inhabitants of Erlangen, a university town near Nuremberg, forget their daily routines and devote themselves to the serious business of drinking beer—and lots of it. The Berg, as it is commonly called, has been held every year since 1755 and is Germany"s second-largest beer-fest after Oktoberfest, its more famous Munich counterpart. Although the Berg typically attracts more than a million visitors, far fewer foreign **e to the Erlangen festival than to the Munich event, which means there is much more here in the way of local ambiance. This year"s Berg takes place June 1-12, but when the festival finishes, the beer cellars and tides remain open all summer.Bergkirchweih roughly translates as "the dedication of the mountain church," referring to a church on the outskirts of Erlangen. Sturdy Bavarian 18th-century folk might find it hard to recognize the modem-day town, but it"s not hard to imagine them knocking back the local Kitzmann brew in its leafy beer gardens."You can"t go to the Berg without any beer," said Brocki, 29, who has attended the festival every year of the 15 he has lived in Erlangen."You don"t think, you drink," agreed Brocki"s girlfriend Tanja Liebig. "You have to drink in the evenings."If you can"t face the thought of a liter, there is an easier option. A liter of shandy (beer mixed with soft drink) may not contain quite as much alcohol, but the drinker is still confronted with the same volume of frothy liquid."You can drink a beer, but you don"t have to be drunk to enjoy it," Brocki stressedIt"s still pretty hard to push your way through the crowds to check out the full selection of fairground tides and stands offering hearty German fast food like sausages or roast chicken. "I"ve never seen so many people packed into one hillside before," said Gianni Brancazio, who visited last year"s festival from London. "I"m finding it hard to lift up the mug, let alone drink what"s in it."It **e as a surprise, but the countryside surrounding Erlangen—known as Franconia—is actually a wine-producing region."The rest of the year I drink wine," said Axel Horndasch, **es from the nearby town of Ansbach, during a break from the table-top dancing at the 2005 event.It"s not all about drinking, many will be glad to hear. During the days between beery evenings, Erlangen makes a handy base for trips to any number of nearby gems such as Bamberg, which offers a **plete historical guide to styles of architecture, or the quaint old town of Rothenburg ob der Tauber.Nuremberg, with its old center rebuilt almost from scratch after heavy wartime bombing, is almost part of the same metropolitan area as Erlangen. On the city"s outskirts is the infamous location for Nazi party rallies of the 1930s, a weird place set in incongruous surroundings beside a peaceful lake.Slightly farther afield, Munich and the Alps are also accessible, meaning that a trip to the festival can easily be combined with a wider visit to southern Germany, Austria or even the Czech Republic.Even away from the Berg, it"s difficult to escape the beer. Across Bavaria, the smallest of places often has its own brewery, sometimes producing its own distinctive brews."It"s essential," said Horndasch. "Beer is bread."6. According to the passage, Oktoberfest is ______.A. the best world-famous festival in GermanyB. more popular than the Munich counterpartC. a beer festival held in MunichD. held before the Berg every year7. How is **pared to its conditions in the 18th century?A. One can never find the church, Bergkirchweih, in the city now.B. Erlangen was only an agricultural town back in the 18th century.C. The city still keeps the traditional way of beer brewing nowadays.D. It is hard to imagine what life was like back in the 18th century.8. According to Brocki, the best way of enjoying beer without getting drunk is to ______.A. taste every kind of beer with a small mugB. stop drinking when you feel uncomfortableC. keep drinking without thinking muchD. have beer that is mixed with soft drink9. What is NOT true about the Berg at Erlangen?A. Beer and shandy are served with a one-liter mug.B. Erlangen is actually more famous for wine than beer.C. The beer-drinking events are often held in the evenings.D. Visitors have all kinds of amusement besides drinking beer.10. The location where the Nazi party meetings were held ______.A. disgraced the peaceful lake nearbyB. was incompatible with the lake nearbyC. was secretly situated beside a lakeD. was rebuilt on the ruins of the WWII11. It can be inferred from the passage that Erlangen belongs in the area of ______.A. BavariaB. MunichC. NurembergD. the German borderTEXT BRicci, 45, is now striking out on perhaps his boldest venture yet. He plans to market an English-language edition of his elegant monthly magazine, FMR, in the United States. Once again the skeptics are murmuring that the successful Ricci has headed for a big fall. And once again Ricci intends to prove them wrong.Ricci is so confident that he has christened his quest "Operation Columbus" and has set his sights on discovering an American readership of 300,000. That goal may not be too far-fetched. The Italian edition ofFMR—the initials, of course, stand for Franco Maria Ricci—is only 18 months old. But it is already the second largest art magazine in the world, with a circulation of 65,000 and a profit margin of US$500,000. The American edition will be patterned after the Italian version, with each 160-page issue carrying only 40 pages of ads and no more than five articles. But the contents will often differ. The English-language edition will include more American works, Ricci says, to help Americans get over "an **plex about their art." He also hopes that the magazine will become a vehicle for a two-way cultural exchange—what he likes to think of as a marriage of brains, culture and taste from both sides of the Atlantic.To realize this vision, Ricci is mounting one of the most lavish, enterprising—and expensive promotional campaigns in magazine-publishing history. Between November and January, eight jumbo jets will fly 8 million copies of a sample 16-page edition ofFMRacross the Atlantic. From a warehouse in Michigan, 6.5 million copies will be mailed to American subscribers of various cultural, art and business magazines. Some of the remaining copies will circulate as a special Sunday supplement in the New York Times. The cost of launching Operation Columbus is a staggering US$5 million, but Ricci is hoping that 60% of the price tag will be financed by Italian corporation. "To land in America Columbus had to use Spanish sponsor," reads one sentence in his promotional pamphlet. "We would like Italians."Like Columbus, Ricci cannot know what his reception will be on foreign shores. In Italy he gambled—and won—on a simple concept: it is more important to show art than to write about. Hence, one issue ofFMRmight feature 32 full-color pages of 17th-century tapestries, followed by 14 pages of outrageous eyeglasses. He is gambling that the concept is exportable.1. Naming his quest "Operation Columbus", Ricci is confident that ______.A. he will be as influential as ColumbusB. he will open up the American marketC. the Americans will associate his magazine with adventurous pioneersD. his magazine will be as memorable as Columbus" discovery of America2. What does the author think about Ricci"s marketing the American edition of FMR?A. The American history makes it hopeful for the goal to fulfill.B. The fulfillment of the goal lies in Ricci"s marketing strategy.C. Ricci still has a long way to go before he fulfills the goal.D. It is quite possible and feasible for Ricci to fulfill the goal.3. What is the main content of Ricci"s magazine FMR?A. Articles on culture, art and business.B. Articles and pictures about fashion.C. Pictures of works of art.D. Pictures of trendy items.4. The copies of the sample edition of FMR will be distributed to ______.A. magazine and newspaper readersB. well-educated periodical subscribersC. households in direct mailsD. downtown passers-by5. Ricci tries to persuade the Italian corporations to help by ______.A. including them in Operation ColumbusB. showing them the staggering price tagC. comparing them to the Spanish sponsorD. arousing passionate patriotism in them"Can we speak of the death of the university?" an English newspaper recently asked. Another offered the diagnosis: "Still breathing." Not only at this seminar, here and now, but all over the world the future of the universities is now being discussed. This is not only because we are entering a new century. Many people are asking whether the traditional research universities in fact have any future at all. This doubt seems mainly to be due to the development of the new technology, the massification of the universities, the idea of life long learning, the **petition from other learning institutions—and may be also because of the strong specialization that we now are experiencing in most fields of research. Many experts predict the demise of universities as we know them today, with a campus.Most universities in the western world—at least the public universities—are now experiencing a serious lack of funds, and the institutional solidarity must not take a form that leads to a draining of strength and vitality of the universities. There are, however, many ways of showing solidarity without using too much of the universities" own funding. One of the tasks of the universities is to keep reminding the authorities of the importance of spending money on research and education in developing countries. The universities themselves must work in close co-operation with the development-aid agencies where the government provides most of the economic resources and the universities provide **petence. It is also possible to share knowledge by giving easier access to recent findings, to make possible academic mobility and increased technical cooperation among regional groupings. Various academic cooperation programs may protect against brain-drain, which is now a serious threat in many countries.Only through the development of local skill **petence, through increased numbers of providers and users of knowledge, can the developing countries bridge the gap separating them from developed countries. And the bridging of this gap will lead to societies that are freer and more peaceful. The universities have **petence, the possibility and therefore also a duty to promote the "intellectual and moral solidarity of mankind" as stated in the UNESCO"s constitution.6. In this passage, the author regards universities primarily as ______.A. an educational institutionB. a research institutionC. a **ponentD. a **ponent7. Many experts are ______ about the future of the universities problems.A. pessimisticB. sarcasticC. confidentD. controversial8. What problems do the public universities in the western world have to face nowadays?A. Their strength and vitality have been draining.B. The government has kept reducing research funds.C. Their funding is mainly **mercial agencies.D. They have to prevent brain-drain with limited funds.9. The UNESCO is most concerned about ______.A. the gap between developing and developed nationsB. how to make our society freer and more peacefulC. the role universities should play in the societyD. how universities develop **petenceTEXT CAccording to historical evidence, the Chinese have used chopsticks since the time of the Shang Dynasty (ca I766-1066 BCE). The first sticks used as eating utensils were twigs that the hungriest eaters used to scoop food into their mouths. This invention obviously brought added convenience to eating as the sticks made it easier to handle steaming hot food. The same ingenious idea was undoubtedly conceived in other parts of the world as well, but evidence shows that elsewhere spoon-like utensils eventually achieved greater popularity at the expense of chopsticks.The reason why chopsticks became a fixture of the Chinese table setting may be the fact that local food is often chopped up into small pieces and only rapidly heated, which makes it especially suitable for chopsticks. Another more philosophical explanation for the development is that the revered philosopher and vegetarian Kong Zi, or Confucius, would have had antipathies towards handling knives at the dinner table. He considered using knives to tear at food to be a show of barbarism. According to this theory then, the fact that chopsticks became the main eating utensils is evidence that civilized behavior gradually replaced a culture marked by brutish knife toting. Whatever the truth may be, the use of chopsticks spread from China to Korea and Japan around the year 500. And the populations of these three nations have tightly held on to their chopsticks ever since.Chopsticks are mainly made out of wood or bamboo, but some are also made from jade, ivory, silver, steel and nowadays even plastic. Sticks made from bamboo have the advantage of being cheap and their surface is naturally slightly coarse, which makes it easier to balance food on them. On the other hand, these materials tend to warp and break quite easily in use, which makes a strong case for favoring chopsticks made of metal, except for the fact that they are very slippery and tend to clank against the teeth quite annoyingly.Legend has it that Chinese emperors used to prefer silver chopsticks because the material reacted to poisons that assassins put in food by turning black.Food etiquette in China is significantly more tolerant than in Japan or Korea. The Chinese consider it to be completely polite to raise a bowl to one"s lips, at least in one"s home, and scoop food over the rim into the mouth with the help of chopsticks. The Chinese prefer to cook their rice quite sticky, so it is not as difficult as one might think to eat it with chopsticks. Noodle soup is also another delicacy that is eaten, true to Chinese style, quite flexibly but noisily with chopsticks. The only absolute taboo regarding chopsticks is that they should never be left to stand in the middle of a heap of rice in a bowl as this evokes food offerings and incense sticks.Disposable chopsticks were invented at the end of the 19th century, and they soon became a hit product throughout Asia. Today, the fad for using disposable chopsticks has become a significant environmental problem, as about 45 billion pairs of them are used annually in China alone. Producing such a huge amount of chopsticks requires 1.7 million cubic meters of wood. Last year, the central government added a five percent tax to disposable chopsticks to help curb waste.1. What is true about the development of spoon-like utensils in other parts of the world?A. Spoon-like utensils were developed on the base of chopsticks.B. Spoon-like utensils were invented instead of chopsticks.C. Spoon-like **pletely took the place of chopsticks.D. Spoon-like utensils and chopsticks used to coexist for a long time.2. According to Confucius, ______ people should use chopsticks instead of knives.A. philosophicalB. vegetarianC. cultivatedD. graceful3. What is true about **parison between bamboo chopsticks and metal ones?A. Metal chopsticks are more durable than bamboo ones.B. Metal chopsticks appear more delicate than bamboo ones.C. Metal chopsticks cause more annoyance than bamboo ones.D. Metal chopsticks are more convenient in use than bamboo ones.4. According to Chinese emperors, silver chopsticks can be compared to ______.A. a predictorB. an indicatorC. a defensive weaponD. an effective remedy5. Japanese may most probably consider erecting chopsticks in the middle of a heap of rice in a bowl ______.A. sacredB. ominousC. uncivilizedD. disrespectfulThe government and Microsoft plan to sell around the world Britain"s new system for online transactions between citizens and government after its successful launch in the UK. A key step in the government"s $1.4 billion e-government program has seen online payment for the Inland Revenue"s pay-as-you-earn scheme, some Customs and Excise value added tax procedures, and claims for European Union subsidies for farmers all go live in the past month. At a presentation in Seattle today, Bill Gates, Microsoft"s co-founder and chairman, will demonstrate the British system to 400 government officials from 80 countries to show how citizens and businesses can interact with government over the Internet."Although some US states are using leading edge technology, Europe in general, and the UK in particular, is well ahead in implementing e-government initiatives. It should put the citizen at thecenter of government," says Davide Vigano, general manager of public sector at the software group. "The projects have been implemented in just 15 weeks using Microsoft"s net technology," said Andrew Pinder, the government"s e-envoy. "This is a key piece of infrastructure, brought in on time and on budget," he said.The secure transaction technology is to be rolled out through about 200 central government departments and agencies and 482 local government institutions over the next five years in the drive to have all of the government online by 2005. The successful implementation is a coup for Microsoft which is trying to build up its enterprise software business and has targeted e-government. It has about 1,000 staff dedicated to government business."This is a milestone for Microsoft," said Barry Goffe, group manager, net enterprise solutions at the Redwood, Washington state-**pany. "Two years ago, when the technology for successful integration did not exist, we would have walked away." The hardware was supplied by Dell, and the servers are managed by Cable and Wireless. The technology is based on XML, a new language protocol that allows information to be labeled and then easily exchanged **puters on different platforms. "People want to hang on to their legacy systems which have been massive investments, but integrating these has proven difficult and expensive in the past. It"s astonishing how the friction has been wiped out by XML, which reduces paperwork, **plexity and slashes costs," said Mr. Goffe.6. The online-transaction system has been first applied to the administration of ______ in U.K.A. the distribution of agricultural subsidiesB. the adjustment of customs registrationC. the administration of importationD. the management of taxation7. What is the purpose of the e-government program in UK?A. To enable the country to be most leading-edge.B. To beat the U.S. in technological advancement.C. To put the citizens at the center of government.D. To take full advantage of the on-line resources.8. Andrew Pinder is most probably ______.A. the sales representative of Microsoft"s e-government programB. the online speaker representing the UK governmentC. the director of UK"s e-government programD. the budget official of UK government9. The e-government software is part of Microsoft"s ______.A. enterprise software businessB. most profit-making productsC. secure transaction technologyD. most sophisticated technology10. Two years ago, the e-government program was still impossible due to the lack of ______.A. advanced hardwareB. efficient servers managementC. the language protocol XMLD. research fundingTEXT DMany parents are hard pressed to explain to theft youth why some music, movies, books, and magazines are not acceptable material for them to bring into the home or to listen to or see.One parent came up with an original idea that is hard to refute. The father listened to all the reasons his children gave for wanting to see a particular "R" Rated movie. It had their favorite actors. Everyone else was seeing it. Even church members said it was great. It was only rated "R" because of the suggestion of sex. They never really showed it. The language was pretty good. The Lord"s name was only used in vain three times in the whole movie. The teens did admit there was a scene where a building and a bunch of people were blown up, but the violence was just the normal stuff. It wasn"t too bad.Even if there were a few minor things, the special effects were fabulous and the plot was action packed. However, even with all the justifications the teens made for the "R" rating, the father still wouldn"t give in. He didn"t even give his children a satisfactory explanation for saying, "No." He just said, "No!"A little later on that evening the father asked his teens if they would like some brownies he had baked. He explained that he"d taken the family"s favorite recipe and added a little something new. The children asked what it was. The father calmly replied that he had added dog poop. However, he quickly assured them, it was only a little bit. All other ingredients were gourmet quality and he had taken great care to bake the brownies at the precise temperature for the exact time. He was sure the brownies would be superb.Even with their father"s promise that the brownies were of almost perfect quality, the teens would not take any. The father acted surprised. After all, it was only one small part that was causing them to be so stubborn. He was certain they would hardly notice it. Still the teens held firm and would not try the brownies.The father then told his children how the movie they wanted to see was just like the brownies. Our minds are tricking us into believing that just a little bit of evil won"t matter. But, the truth is even a little bit of poop makes the difference between a great treat and something disgusting and totally unacceptable. The father went on to explain that even though the movie industry would have us believe that most of today"s movies are acceptable fare for adults and youth, they are not.Now when this father"s children want to do something or see something they should not, the father merely asks them if they would like some of his special brownies...and they never ask about that activity again.1. Lord"s name should be used ______ in a film.A. with reverenceB. no more than three timesC. to suggest gloryD. in direct relation to the theme2. The children believed that their father could accept ______.A. sex being shown in the movieB. buildings being exploded in the movieC. Lord"s name not being used in the movieD. their favorite actors not being in the movie3. The father primarily tried to convince his children by ______.A. cooking a delicious mealB. inventing a significant storyC. making a faulted delicacyD. giving a definite explanation4. The father reassured that all other ingredients of the brownies were ______.A. crucialB. handpickedC. traditionalD. savory5. What did the father think about the brownies he made?A. Inedible.B. Acceptable.C. Distinctive.D. Appetizing.I start from my home in the quiet little suburb of Forest Hills, Long Island. Here, surrounded by green lawns, trees, and flowers, are neat little houses, happy with the voices and movements of wives and children, havens of peaceful rest for men who toil in the city. I drive across the lacy structure of steel which spans the East River, and I get a new and startling vision of the power and ingenuity of the mind of man. Busy boats chug and scurry about the river—racy speed boat, stolid, snorting tugs. If I had long days of sight ahead, I should spend many of them watching the delightful activity upon the river.I look ahead, and before me rise the fantastic towers of New York, a city that seems to have stepped from the pages of a fairy story. What an awe-inspiring sight, these glittering spires. These vast banks of stone and steel-structures such as the gods might build for themselves! This animated picture is a part of the lives of millions of people every day. How many, I wonder, give it so much as a second"s glance? Very few, I fear, their eyes are blind to this magnificent sight because it is so familiar to them.I hurry to the top of one of those gigantic structures, the Empire State Building, for there, a short time ago, I "saw" the city below through the eyes of my secretary. I am anxious to compare my fancy with reality. I am sure I should not be disappointed in the panorama spread out before me, for to me it would be a vision of another world.Now I begin my rounds of the city. First, I stand at a busy corner, merely looking at people, trying by sight of them to understand something of their life. I see smiles, and 1 am happy, I see serious determination, and I am proud, I see suffering, and I am compassionate.I stroll down Fifth Avenue. I throw my eyes out of focus, so that I see no particular object but onlya seething kaleidoscope of colors. I am certain that the colors of women"s dresses moving in a throng must be a gorgeous spectacle of which I should never tire. But perhaps if I had sight I should be like most other women—too interested in styles and the cut of individual dresses to give much attention to the splendor of color in the mass. And I am convinced, too, that I should become an inveterate window shopper, for it must be a delight to the eye to view the myriad articles of beauty on display.From Fifth Avenue I make a tour of the city—to Park Avenue, to the slums, to factories, to parks where children play. I take a stay-at-home trip abroad by visiting the foreign quarters. Always my eyes are open wide to all the sights of both happiness and misery so that I may probe deep and add to my understanding of how people work and live. My heart is full of the images of people and things. My eye passes lightly over no single trifle; it strives to touch and hold closely each thing its gaze rests upon. Some sights are pleasant, filling the heart with happiness; but some are。
2023年9月英语等级考试pets4全真预测题
2023年9月英语等级考试pets4全真预测题2023年9月英语等级考试pets4全真预测题section iii reading prehensionpart aread the following four texts. answer the questions below each text by choosing a, b, c or d. mark your answers on answer sheet 1.text1. from the second paragraph we learn that[a] the objection to euthanasia is diminishing in some countries.[b] physicians and citizens have the same view on euthanasia.[c] technological changes arechiefly responsible for the new law.[d] it takes time to appreciate the significance of laws passed.3. when lloyd nickson is close to death, he will[a] undergo a cooling off period of seven days.[b] experience the suffering of lung cancer patient.[c] have an intense fear of terrible suffering.[d] facehis death with the calm characteristic of euthanasia.4. what is the author's attitude towards euthanasia?[a]hostile.[b] suspicious.[c] approving.[d] indifferent.5. we can infer from the text that the author believesthe success of the right-to-diemovement is[a] only a matter of time.[b] far from certain.[c] just an illusion.[d] a shattered hope.part bread the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into chinese. your translation should be written clearly on answer sheet 2.do animals have rights? this is how the questionis usually put. it sounds like a useful, ground-clearing way to start.61) actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.on one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows thatanimals have none.62) some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. therefore, animals cannot have rights. the idea of punishing a tiger that killssomebody is absurd; for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. however, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. it denies rights not only to animals but also to some people ? for instance, to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations. in addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it: how do you reply to somebody who says “i don't like this contract”?the point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless.64) arguing from the view that humans aredifferent from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake ? a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.this view, which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely “logical”. in fact it is simply shallow: the confused center is right to rejectit. the most elementary form of moral reasoning ? the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl ? is to weigh others' interests against one's own. this in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without which there is no capacity for moral thought. to see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy.65) when that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.section iv writingwidespread tobacco consumption has led to grave consequences, yet the tobacco panies are still claiming that they make a valuable contribution to the world economy.write an essay1) criticizing their view and2) justifying your stand.in your essay, make full use of the information provided in the picturesprinted below.you should write approximately 160 ? 200 words on answer sheet 2.。
2007年同等学力英语真题
2007年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试试题Paper One 试卷一(90 minutes)Part I Dialogue Communication (10 minutes, 10 points)(略）Part II Vocabulary (10 minutes ,10 points)Section ADirections：In this section , there are 10 sentences，each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the 4 choices marked A, B，C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.11. By advocating moderate change, they think that they can keep consumer costs low.A. reasonableB. radicalC. immediateD. minimum12. Nuclear power，with all its inherent problems，is still the only option to guarantee enoughenergy in the future.A. solutionB. policyC. choiceD. reason13. The promised wage increase is being held back while it is examined by the government to seeif it is greater than the law allows.A. dismissedB. delayedC. neglectedD. rejected14. Safety officials have earnestly questioned whether the increased use of synthetic materialsheightens the risk of fire.A. cautiouslyB. severelyC. accuratelyD. seriously15. The book shifted her outlook from social to spiritual，for its theme was that before you changeother people you have to change yourself.A. viewpointB. vocationC. prospectD. preference16. Racing the clock every day is such an exhausting effort that when I actually have a few freemoments, I tend to collapse.A. fall downB. fall illC. fall outD. fall behind17. The senator agreed that his support of the measure would jeopardize his chances for reelection.A. benefitB. endangerC. hinderD. disturb18. The microscope enables scientists to distinguish an incredible number and variety of bacteria.A. unavoidableB. unchangeableC. unbelievableD. unpredictable19. He noticed that Joan was studying him closely, but her expression gave away nothing of whatshe was thinking.A. revealedB. disposedC. remindedD. distributed20. At last John Smith chose to step down as the company's chief executive and return to his rootsin software research.A. resignB. removeC. retireD. replaceSection BDirections：In this section there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentence，there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine- scoring ANSWER SHEET.21. His essay is __________with more than 120 full-color photographs that depict the nationalpark in all seasons.A. containedB. illustratedC. exposedD. strengthened22. Local government __________could be obtained through a local income tax and/or a localsales tax.A. budgetB. expenseC. financeD. revenue23. Even after readi ng it for three times he couldn’t ___________the meaning of that letter.A. conceiveB. consultC. contrastD. concern24. The temperature in this area is low enough to allow falling snow to __________and slowlytransform into ice.A. preserveB. accumulateC. meltD. spread25. In calculating the daily calorie requirements for an individual, variations in body size, physicalactivity and age should be__________.A. brought into practiceB. taken into accountC. thrown light onD. looked down upon26. The shy girl felt quite _________and uncomfortable when she could not answer theInterviewer’s question.A. amusedB. sensitiveC. curiousD. awkward27. The courses aim to give graduates an up-to-date grasp of their subject and ________laboratoryskills.A. superficialB. SubjectiveC. StructuralD. sophisticated28. There was no light on the way and for a second she hesitated, unable to __________the dimfigure awaiting her.A. set outB. make outC. pick upD. clear up29. Some people apparently have an amazing ability to __________the right answer.A. come up withB. look up toC. put up withD. live up to30. I had been a university student for three years, but not until this afternoon had I felt the thrill of__________.A. ConfusionB. disappointmentC. SensationD. FulfillmentPart III Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 25 points)Directions：There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose thebest one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneThey may be one of Britain's most successful exports and among the world's most popular TV shows, ranking alongside the World Cup Final and the Olympic Games opening ceremony in terms of audience. But, in Britain, beauty competitions are unfashionable. To most people, beauty contests seem as out-dated as bowing. Nicolas Baker, a lawyer in London, said that “As much as I think it's fine for women to do it. I don't think it's interesting and in fact, I think they're irrelevant to today”. Last year, Miss World was broadcast to 142 countries, but it wasn’t even shown in this country where it started in 1951.It wasn’t always this way in Britain. Once，beauty queens dated footballers, traveled the world and were guaranteed fame, fortune and fun. Now, they open new supermarkets, are sponsored by dry-cleaning companies and, if they’re lucky, they get free clothes from supermarkets.When Francesca Marchant was crowned Miss Sussex in 1969, it was something to be extremely proud of “I came from a small town, and all my friends were green with envy when they found out I'd won. My boyfriend at the time thought it was terrific and boasted to everyone that he was going out with a beauty queen.”But the good times couldn't last. The feminist movement gathered momentum. Some women were determined to bring an end to these “cattle shows”. Nowadays, saying that you were a beauty queen just doesn't sound good.Miss World organizers claim that contestants are judged on qualities other than just their physical appearance. But, Jacqueline Gold, England's representative at this year's contest, was not chosen because of her academic record. The Miss World Website states that she “left school having gained many computer qualifications, and certificates in First Aid and Life Saving”, meaning, not much of an education.The only time the contests attract attention now is because of the protesters. At the 1999 Miss World in Britain, around 60 demonstrators hurled flour bombs and fought with the police. They denounced the beauty contest as a “sexist cattle market”. They waved banners saying “fat girls are cool” and “women's bodies are not for sale”.31. Beauty contests in Britain are now __________.A. bringing huge benefits for the countryB. as popular as the World Cup FinalC. no longer popular in the countryD. widely protested in the country32. The attitude of Nicolas Baker towards beauty contests is that_______.A. women shouldn't attend the contestsB. the contests are fine but he doesn't like themC. the contests are insults to womenD. the contests are behind the times33. In the 1960s and 1970s, beauty queens_________. .A. were sponsored by dry-cleaning companiesB. were admired by most peopleC. did not have a good reputationD. got free clothes from supermarkets34. The author used Jacqueline Gold as an example to show that_________.A. her academic record was very strongB. she had gained many qualifications and certificatesC. contestants are judged on their physical appearanceD. contestants are judged on their education35. The best title for the passage might be_________.A. Beauty Contests: Insults to WomenB. Beauty Contests: Sexist Cattle MarketC. Beauty Contests: A Headache for British PeopleD. Beauty Contests: Started in Britain but Unpopular NowPassage TwoA particular area in which assumptions and values differ between cultures is that of friendship. Friendships among Americans tend to be shorter and less intense than those among people from many other cultures. At least many observers from abroad have this impression. Because Americans are taught to be self-reliant, because they live in a very mobile society, and for many other reasons as well，they tend to avoid deep involvement with other people. Furthermore, Americans tend to “compartmentalize”their friendships, having their “friends at work”, “friends at school”, a “tennis friend”, and so on. Americans often seem very friendly, even when you first meet them. This friendliness does not usually mean that the American is looking for a deeper relationship.The result of these attitudes and behaviors is sometimes viewed by foreigners as an “inability to be friends”. Other times it is seen as a normal way to retain personal happiness in a mobile, ever-changing society.People normally have in their minds stereotypes about people who are different from themselves. Stereotypes are based on limited and incomplete experience and information, but they shape people's thoughts and expectations. Americans have many stereotypes about foreign students in general (for example, that they are very hard-working, intelligent, and rich；that they do not speak English well) and about particular categories of foreign students (Chinese are polite and good at mathematics, for example, or Italians are emotional). And foreign students have their own stereotypes of Americans, for example, that they are arrogant，rude, and generous.There are two stereotypes that often effect male-female relationships involving U. S. and foreign students. The first is the idea, held by some foreign males, that American females are invariably willing, if not anxious to have sex. The second common stereo-type, held by some American females, is that male foreign students have no interest in American females other than having sex with them. The existence of these and other stereotypes can give rise to considerable misunderstanding and can block the development of a mutually satisfactory relationship between particular individuals. Stereotypes seem unavoidable given the way the human mind seeks to categorize and classify information, so it is not realistic to suppose people can “forget their stereotypes”. But they can be aware of their stereotypes, and be ready to find exceptions to them.36. Concerning friendship, Americans_________.A. look for a deeper relationship in a close circleB. avoid deep relationship with other peopleC. are friendly at first but do not remain so later onD. do not make good friends37. The word “compartmentalize” in the first paragraph means “_________"A. separate in categoriesB. treat differentlyC. evaluate accordinglyD. judge fairly38. The author’s attitude toward the American type of friendship seems to be________.A. approvingB. criticalC. biasedD. objective39.According to the author, stereotypes concerning male-female relationships involving U. S.and foreign students are _______.A. helpfulB. meaninglessC. HarmfulD. useless40. According to the author, stereotypes seem unavoidable because________.A. it is natural to have themB. it is not easy to find exceptionsC. they provide better understandingD. they contribute to friendshipPassage ThreeIn The Birth Order Book: Why You Are the Way You Are (2004), Dr. Kevin Leman notes that 21 of the first 23 Americans in space were first-born males or only children. More than half of United States presidents have been firstborns or first-born boy s. It’s a pretty significant finding historically, because families used to be bigger than they are today.In addition to being high achievers, older children also generally have higher IQs (智商）than younger ones. Researchers have noted that the more kids a family has, the lower each child's individual IQ tends to be. They give a few reasons for this.Parents only have so much time, attention, and money. The more kids they have, the more these things are divided. First-borns initially get the entire parental-time pic. What’s more, the ratio of grown-ups to kids decreases with each new baby. So the younger ones are surrounded by more children's language on average than the older kids.Some researchers think parental attention is the key to personality birth-order differences. In his book Born to Rebel, psychologist Frank Sulloway says competition for Mom and Dad’s attention is the thing that really shapes our personalities and, in fact has shaped history. He argues that we adapt our personalities as part of our strategy to seek favor from Mom and Dad. Younger siblings (兄弟姐妹）tend to become rebels. Sulloway studied political activists and found that later-born activists were more radical than their first-born peers.The conclusion of his book is that sibling competition for parental attention can affect society as a whole in times of revolution. Thomas Jefferson, Karl Marx, and Fidel Castro were all younger siblings, for example.As compelling as this all is, it's also something we should probably take with caution, there are other things that happen to us in life besides the addition of siblings to our families. A parent can die; a hurricane can leave us homeless; we can catch a life-threatening disease. Any one of these things will probably have more of an effect on our personalities than the presence of siblings.A 2002 study bore this out. After interviewing 535 undergraduates, researchers concluded that personality differences related to birth order were “folklore”, although IQ and achievement differences were widely supported by research.41. What is implied by “the younger ones are surrounded by more children’s language onaverage than the older kids” (Para. 3)?A. Younger children need parental rather than sib lings’ attention.B. Younger children need siblings’ rather than parental attention.C. Younger children feel uncomfortable with more siblings.D. Younger children have less chance to talk with their parents.42. Sulloway, author of Born to Rebel, suggests that younger siblings_________.A. try hard to get attention from their parentsB. are less likely to shape historyC. are winners in getting parental attentionD. seldom adapt their personalities43. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor shaping personality?A. Death of a parent.B. Children’s language.C. natural disaster.D. A fatal disease.44. What is the meaning of “folklore” in the last paragraph?A. Traditional customs and beliefs.B. Verified hypotheses.C. Widely held unsupported notions.D. Tales of sayings preserved orally.45. Which of the following statements is proposed by researchers?A. Later-borns do not compete for attention.B. First-borns tend to become rebels.C. Later-borns are prone to diseases.D. First-borns achieve more than younger ones.Passage FourDoes money buy happiness? It’s sometimes said that scientists have found no relationship between money and happiness, but that's a myth, says University of Illinois psychologist Ed Diener.The connection is complex. In fact, very rich people rate substantially higher in satisfaction with life than very poor people do, even within wealthy nations, he says. “There is overwhelming evidence that money buys happiness,” sa id economist Andrew Oswald of the University of Warwick in England. The main debate, he said, is how strong the effect is.Oswald recently reported a study of Britons who won between $2,000 and $ 250,000 in a lottery (彩票抽奖）.As a group，they showed a boost in happiness averaging a bit more than one point on a 36-point scale when surveyed two years after their win, compared to their levels two years before they won.Daniel Kahneman, a Nobel-Prize winner and Princeton economist, and colleagues, recently declare d that the notion that making a lot of money will produce good overall mood is “mostly illusory”. They noted that in one study, members of the high-income group were almost twice as likely to call themselves “very happy” as people from households with incomes below $ 20, 000.But other studies，rather than asking for a summary estimate of happiness, follow people through the day and repeatedly record their feelings. These studies show less effect of income on happiness. Kahneman and colleagues said.There is still another twist to the money-happiness story. Even though people who make $ 150,000 are considerably happier than those who make $40,000, it's not clear why, says psychologist Richard E. Lucas of Michigan State University.Researchers conclude that any effect of money on happiness is smaller than most daydreamers assume. “People exaggerate how much happiness is bought by an extra few thousand,” Oswald said. “The quality of relationships has a far bigger effect than quite large rises in salary... It’s much better advice, if you’re looking for happiness in life, to try to find the right husband or wife than to try to double your salary. ”46. The main purpose of this passage is to discuss _________. .A. the contributions of household incomes to happinessB. the complex relationship between money and happinessC. the positive relations of money to happinessD. the negative relations of money to happiness47. Andrew Oswald’s study __________.A. proves money has little effect on happinessB. gives evidence that money buys happinessC. rejects the relation between money and happinessD. shows that lottery brings people happiness48. The word “illusory” (Para. 4) is closest in meaning to “_________”.A. dramaticB. ordinaryC. drasticD. imaginary49. According to Lucas, richer people’s happiness__________.A. comes from their high incomeB. may not be directly related to their high income .C. is boosted by their high incomeD. is not derived from their high income50. According to Oswald, a more important factor in bringing about happiness may begood__________.A. healthB. feelingsC. marriageD. salariesPassage FiveWhen Frank Dale took over as publisher of Los Angeles Herrald-Examiner, the organization had just ended a ten-year strike. There was much bitterness and, as he told us. “Everybody that I found there had lost their curiosity. They'd lost their cutting edge. There was no interest. They just hung on... I had a real problem. ” His very fi rst task was to introduce himself to everybody, to thank them for their loyalty to that point, and to al-low them to express their concerns and frustrations. To questions like “What makes you think you can make this thing go?” he responded, “I don’t know yet, but in thirty days I'll come back to you and let you know what I've found.” He recruited a task force of the best people from throughout the Hearst Corporation to do a crash study, and in thirty days he had a written report on what needed to be done, which he shared withthe staff. He had taken the all-important first steps to establish mutual trust, without which leadership would not have been possible.Trust is the emotional glue that binds followers and leaders together. The accumulation of trust is a measure of the legitimacy of leadership. It cannot be demanded or purchased; it must be earned. Trust is the basic ingredient of all organizations, the lubrication that maintains the organization, and it is as mysterious and difficult a concept as leadership—and as important.One thing we can say for sure about trust is that if trust is to be generated, there must be predictability, the capacity to predict another's behavior. Another way of putting it is to say that organizations without trust would resemble the ambiguous nightmare of Kafka's The Castle, where nothing can be certain and nobody can be relied on or be held responsible. The ability to predict outcomes with a high probability of success generates and maintains trust.51. What was Frank Dale’s problem when he became the publisher of Los Angeles HerraldExaminer?A. He had lost interest in his publishing career.B. He found it hard to introduce himself to everyone.C. Los Angeles Herrald-Examiner was in extreme difficulty.D. Los Angeles Herrald-Examiner was on a ten-year strike.52. What was the result of Frank Dale’s first steps?A. Mutual trust was established.B. Efficiency was improved.C. A task force was recruited.D. His promises were fulfilled.53. According to the author, how could trust be established?A. By economic means.B. By legitimate measures.C. By authoritative command.D. By effort or action.54. What does the author think about trust?A. It is hard to accumulate.B. It can make organizations go.C. It can help establish authority.D. It is relatively easy to acquire.55. For what purpose is Kafka’s The Castle mentioned?A. To show people’s behaviors are predict able.B. To describe the nightmare of the story.C. To demonstrate the importance of trust.D. To prove no one can be relied on.Part IV Cloze (15 minutes, 15 points)Directions：In this part, there is a passage with 15blanks. For each blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring AN-SWER SHEET.The process of gaining or losing weight can be explained by comparing your body to your car. Both run 56 fuel, food for your body and gasoline for your car. Both 57 that fuel, first into heat, then energy，some of 58 is used to do work, and some emitted as waste. And 59 your car uses more energy when the engine is racing than when it is idling, 60 does your body use more energywhen you are working hard than 61 you are resting.For the purpose of this comparison, 62 , there is one significant difference between them. Your car cannot store fuel by turning it into 63 else; all gasoline not 64 remains as gasoline. But your body stores 65 energy as fat. When the gas tank is 66 empty, the car won't run; but your body can burn fat to provide more energy.Therefore, if you want to gain weight, you must do 67 of two things：eat more calories (units of heat, therefore energy), or use less through 68 . If you want to lose weight, you do the 69 , decrease your intake of calories or increase the amount of energy you spend. There is 70 way. Gaining or losing weight is always a relation between intake and output of potential energy.56. A. in B. on C. for D. against57. A. convert B. use C. spend D. burn58. A. what B. which C. it D. them59. A. whereas B. although C. just because D. just as60. A. as B. so C. why D. how61. A. that B. since C. when D. where62. A. however B. therefore C. moreover D. likewise63. A. everything B. nothing C. something D. anything64. A. filled B. wasted C. saved D. consumed65. A. useless B. enough C. excess D. extensive66. A. half B. completely C. almost D. hardly67. A. any B. both C. either D. neither68. A. inactivity B. inattention C. cycling D. jogging69. A. reverse B. relevant C. different D. same70. A. not any B. no other C. another D. SomePart V Error Deon (10 minutes, 5 points)（略）Paper One 试卷二(60 minutes)Part I Translation (30 minutes, 20 points)Section ADirections：Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press and even in Congress. The target iswrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools, with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions. Whether the results will be valuable, meaningless, or even misleading depends partly upon the tools themselves but largely upon the user.Section B(略）Part II Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)Directions：In this part you are to write a composition of no less than 150 words about Who and How to Take Care of the Seniors ? You should write according to the clue given below. Remember to write the composition on the COMPOS ITON SHEET.China’s aging population is increasing. We are faced with the problem of who and how to take care of the seniors. (敬老院：Home for the Seniors；独生子女政策：one-child policy；独生子女：only child)。