定语从句
英语典型难句结构
英语典型难句结构在学习英语的过程中呀，我们常常会碰到一些让人头疼的难句结构。
这些结构就像一个个小关卡，拦住了我们理解英语的道路。
不过别担心，今天咱们就一起来看看这些典型的难句结构，弄清楚它们，以后再遇到类似的句子就不怕啦！一、定语从句。
这可是英语中比较常见的一种难句结构哦。
定语从句呢，就是用一个句子来修饰名词或者代词。
比如说：- 例句：The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.（我昨天买的那本书很有趣。
）。
- 分析：在这个句子里，“which I bought yesterday”就是定语从句，用来修饰前面的“book”，“which”在这里指代“book”。
咱们可以把这个从句想象成是给“book”戴了一顶帽子，专门来说明是哪本书。
二、状语从句。
状语从句呢，就是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或者整个句子的从句。
它可以表示时间、地点、原因、条件等等各种关系。
下面咱们分别来看几个例子：- 时间状语从句。
- 例句：When I got home, my mother was cooking.（当我到家的时候，我妈妈正在做饭。
）。
- 分析：“When I got home”就是时间状语从句，它说明了“my mother was cooking”这个动作发生的时间。
就好像是给这个动作定了个时间坐标一样。
- 原因状语从句。
- 例句：I didn't go to school because I was ill.（我没去上学，因为我生病了。
）。
- 分析：“because I was ill”就是原因状语从句，它解释了“I didn't go to school”的原因。
就像是告诉别人，我没去上学是有原因的哦，是生病了。
三、宾语从句。
宾语从句就是在句子中充当宾语的从句。
一般在动词或者介词后面。
比如说：- 例句：I think that he is a good student.（我认为他是个好学生。
(完整版)定语从句归纳
定语从句（the attributive clause ）一．什么叫定语从句？一个句子作定语就叫定语从句。
二．定语从句的结构及种类1. 结构：关系词 +主语+谓语+其它2. 种类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句三．关系词的分类及关系词1.关系代词： who ，whom, whose, that ,which, as2.关系副词： when ，where ，why四．关系词的功用1.起连接作用，引导定语从句2.在定语从句中作一个成分——主语，宾语，状语，定语，表语。
五．什么是先行词？被定语从句所修饰的词是先行词。
六．关系词的用法1.who当先行词是指人得名词或代词，而且关系词在句中作主语时，选who 。
The boy who is standingover there is Tom.He who doesn ’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.2.whom当先行词是指人得名词，而且关系词在句中作主语时，选w h o m.This is our English teacher whom everybody likes.3.whose①当先行词是指人的名词，而且关系词在句中作定语时，选whose. This is my deskmate whose father works in a factory.②当先行词是指物的名词，而且关系在句中作定语时，选whose.We study in a classroom whose windows face to the south.4.that①当先行词是指物的名词，关系词在句中作主语时，选that.This is a machine that can walk.②当先行词是指物的名词，关系词在句中作宾语时，选that. 另外，that 可以省略。
I like the present (that) my father sent me.③当先行词是指人的名词，关系词也可选用that=whoThe boy that/who is playing football on the play ground is my brother.5.which当先行词是指物的名词时，关系词也可选用which ，它在句中作主语或宾语，which=that6.下列情况下，关系词只能选用that①当先行词为不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything 时Is there anything that I can do for you?②当先行词为不定代词all 时Mr. Li does all that he can to do his work well.③ 当先行词被 all, some, any 修饰时These are all the things that I have done today.④当先行词被the only, the very 修饰时This is the only computer that he often turns to for help.⑤ 当先行词被序数词，形容词最高级修饰时This is the cleaning room that you can see here.⑥time 作先行词，前面有序数词或last 修饰时This is the last time that I ’ll give y oupocket m o n e y.⑦ 尽管先行词指人，但关系词在句中作表语时。
定语从句详解(很全)
定语从句定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。
被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which,as。
关系副词有：when,where,why,how。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。
当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。
定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
一、定语从句的翻译许多英语初学者往往弄不明白为什么引导定语从句的关系词which不能译为“哪一个”，who不能译为“谁”，when不能译为“什么时候”，where不能译为“什么地方”，等等。
首先，我们必须要明白一点，那就是引导定语从句的which,who,when,where,why等是关系词（关系代词或关系副词），而不是疑问词，所以不能按疑问词的意思来理解。
前面我们讲到，英语中的定语从句总是后置的，即要放在被修饰名词或代词之后；但在汉语中，定语通常是前置的，也就是说定语要放在被修饰名词的前面，并通常表现为“……的”这样的形式。
当我们翻译英语中定语从句的时候，一般可以按汉语习惯，将定语从句翻译在被修饰的名词或代词之前，而其中的关系词一般就是译成汉语中的“……的”。
如：He showed me the article that he had written.他把他写的文章拿给我看。
句中的that he had written为修饰名词the article的定语从句，翻译时就可译为“他写的文章”，其中的关系代词that在此译成了“的”字。
She was not in the train which arrived just now.她不在刚到的那列火车上。
英语中的定语从句用法
英语中的定语从句用法定语从句是英语中非常重要的一种句子结构，它能够为主句提供更多的信息，使句子更加丰富和准确。
在学习和运用定语从句时，我们需要掌握一些基本的用法和注意事项。
一、定语从句的引导词定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。
关系代词包括that, which, who, whom, whose等，而关系副词则包括where, when, why等。
在选择引导词时，我们需要根据引导词在定语从句中的作用来决定。
1. 当引导词在定语从句中作主语时，我们可以使用关系代词who, which或that。
例如：The girl who is standing over there is my sister.（那个站在那边的女孩是我妹妹。
）2. 当引导词在定语从句中作宾语时，我们可以使用关系代词whom, which或that。
例如：I have a friend whom I can always rely on.（我有一个朋友，我总是可以依靠他。
）3. 当引导词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们可以使用关系代词whom, which或关系副词where, when等。
例如：This is the hotel where we stayed last summer.（这是我们去年夏天住过的酒店。
）二、定语从句的位置定语从句可以出现在主句的前面或后面，具体位置取决于定语从句的内容和语境。
当定语从句的内容对于理解主句非常重要时，我们通常将其放在主句的后面。
例如：I bought a book that was recommended by my teacher.（我买了一本被我的老师推荐的书。
）另外，当定语从句的内容对于理解主句并不是非常重要时，我们通常将其放在主句的前面，并用逗号与主句隔开。
例如：The weather being fine, we decided to go for a picnic.（天气很好，我们决定去野餐。
定语从句归纳
定语从句（the attributive clause）一．什么叫定语从句？一个句子作定语就叫定语从句。
二．定语从句的结构及种类1.结构：关系词+主语+谓语+其它2.种类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句三．关系词的分类及关系词1.关系代词：who，whom, whose, that ,which, as2.关系副词：when，where，why四．关系词的功用1.起连接作用，引导定语从句2.在定语从句中作一个成分——主语，宾语，状语，定语，表语。
五．什么是先行词？被定语从句所修饰的词是先行词。
六．关系词的用法1.who当先行词是指人得名词或代词，而且关系词在句中作主语时，选who。
The boy who is standing over there is Tom.He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.2.whom当先行词是指人得名词，而且关系词在句中作主语时，选whom.This is our English teacher whom everybody likes.3.whose①当先行词是指人的名词，而且关系词在句中作定语时，选whose.This is my deskmate whose father works in a factory.②当先行词是指物的名词，而且关系在句中作定语时，选whose.We study in a classroom whose windows face to the south.4.that①当先行词是指物的名词，关系词在句中作主语时，选that.This is a machine that can walk.②当先行词是指物的名词，关系词在句中作宾语时，选that. 另外，that可以省略。
I like the present (that) my father sent me.③当先行词是指人的名词，关系词也可选用that=whoThe boy that/who is playing football on the play ground is my brother.5.which当先行词是指物的名词时，关系词也可选用which，它在句中作主语或宾语，which=that6.下列情况下，关系词只能选用that①当先行词为不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything时Is there anything that I can do for you?②当先行词为不定代词all时Mr. Li does all that he can to do his work well.③当先行词被all, some, any修饰时These are all the things that I have done today.④当先行词被the only, the very 修饰时This is the only computer that he often turns to for help.⑤当先行词被序数词，形容词最高级修饰时This is the cleaning room that you can see here.⑥time 作先行词，前面有序数词或last修饰时This is the last time that I’ll give you pocket money.⑦尽管先行词指人，但关系词在句中作表语时。
定语从句详解(经典)
Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power. where, when，why
先行词
which, who, whom, whose, that
关系词
关系代词
定语从句
关系副词
二、用法:
关系代词: 引导定语从句的关系代词
who whom whose
that
which
4. The gentleman ___ you told me
yesterday proved to be a thief.
A. who
B. about whom C. whom
5. The doctor ___ you are looking for is in
the room.
A. whom B. what
Beijing is the citwyheirne which I was born.
why
• why可用for +which 代替
1.This is the reason. 2.I was late for school wfohircht. his reason.
why
This is the reason for which I was late for school.
2. which, that 的用法
which 作定语从句的主语或宾语.
可省略
This is a truck which / that is made in
China.
作主语
I like the book (which / that) you bought yesterday作. 宾语
只能用that的情况
定语从句句知识点总结
定语从句句知识点总结基本结构定语从句由关系代词和关系副词引导，其基本结构如下：关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that关系副词：when, where, why关系代词的用法1. 关系代词作宾语The man who(m) I met yesterday is a doctor.昨天我遇到的那个人是一名医生。
这里的定语从句“whom I met yesterday”修饰先行词“the man”，在句中作宾语。
2. 关系代词作主语The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.我从图书馆借来的那本书很有趣。
定语从句“that I borrowed from the library”修饰先行词“the book”，在句中作主语。
3. 关系代词作表语The reason why he was late is that his car broke down.他迟到的原因是他的车坏了。
定语从句“why he was late”修饰先行词“the reason”，在句中作表语。
4. 关系代词作定语The girl whose mother is a teacher is my best friend.那个母亲是老师的女孩是我最好的朋友。
定语从句“whose mother is a teacher”修饰先行词“the girl”。
关系副词的用法1. 关系副词引导地点状语从句This is the hotel where we stayed last year.这就是我们去年住过的旅馆。
定语从句“where we stayed last year”修饰先行词“the hotel”。
2. 关系副词引导时间状语从句He remembered the day when he first met her.他记得他第一次见到她的那天。
定语从句
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成 分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语
时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that,
which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做
状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where地
点状语，when时间状语，why原因状
语) 。
I can’t forget the days which _______ / that I spent in the army.
that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省 略) A plane is a machine. It can fly. A plane is a machine that can fly. He is the man. I told you about him. He is the man (that) I told you about.
The Attributive Clause
1. 什么是定语从句？ 2. 定语从句的关系词有哪些？ 3. 如何判断使用关系代词还是关系副词？ 4. 在什么情况下定语从句中关系代词只能 用that不用which？什么情况下不用that？ 5. 什么是限定性定语从句？什么是非限定 性定语从句？ 6. as引导的定语从句如何使用？
5. 先行词被the only, the very, the last等修饰时。 如： Mary is the only friend (that) I have in Australia. 玛丽是我在澳大利亚唯一的朋友。 She is the very thief (that) the policeman is looking for. 她就是警察正在寻找的那个小偷。 The last place they visited was the Summer Palace. 他们最后参观的地方是颐和园。
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定语从句一、定语从句的基本概念1.定语从句（形容词性从句）：就是句子作定语，修饰主句中的名词或代词，所有的定语从句为后置定语。
He is a reliable man. =He is a man who we can rely on.有时定语从句修饰整个句子，如：I read English every morning, which contributes to my progress.2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词；因为放在定语从句之前，所以称为“先行词。
”3. 关系词：引导定语从句的词为关系词，具有连词的特点，但是又有代词的特点。
关系词的分类：根据关系词在从句中的用法差异，可分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有who, whom, which, that, whose, as等，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，关系副词有when, where, why等，在定语从句中作状语（不缺主，宾，表）。
二、定语从句的分类1)限制性定语从句He likes wear strange clothes that/which make him different from others.2)非限制性定语从句He likes wear strange clothes, which makes him different from others.三、定语从句的解题步骤(关系词的选择标准)1)找准主句，确定先行词2)分析从句，看缺什么成分可能性1：缺主语：若先行词为人，用_________,__________；若先行词为物，用_________,__________, ______(正如)可能性2：缺宾语/表语若先行词为人，用_____,______，_______；若先行词为物，用______,______, _____(正如) 提示：当不能判断动词或介词是否缺宾语时，代入法为最佳方法。
就是把先行词代入从句中，看是否搭配，若搭配的来，则缺宾语；若无法搭配，则不缺宾语，如句④、句⑤可能性3:从句不缺主语，不缺宾语、表语，那就是缺状语或定语，用关系副词_________, _________, ___________或______。
很多情况先也可用介词+关系代词。
①He finally found the job___________ was to his taste.②The boy,__________ made many mistakes, was scolded by the teacher.③Did he return the book __________ you bought the other day?④I still remember the beautiful days __________we spent together.⑤I still remember the beautiful days ___________ we stayed together.⑥This is the factory ____________I visited last year.⑦This is the factory ____________I worked last year.⑧This is the factory ____________I worked in last year.四、重点关系词讲解：1、that和which 的辨析1) that的优先权：指事物时，在下列情况下，人们通常用that，而不用which。
①当先行词是指物的all, little, few, much, any, anything, everything, nothing, none, the one时，或先行词被all, little, few, much, any, every, no,| the very, the only, just the等修饰时。
如:I am pleased with what you have told me and all_________ you have given me.②先行词是序数词或最高级时，或者先行词被序数词(包括last, next)、最高级形容词及the only, the very等修饰时。
如：This is the first/best film that I have seen since I came here.③先行词包括人和物时。
如：They often talk about the people and things that they like most.④当先行词前面有who，which等疑问词时，为避免重复时。
Who __________ knew him would trust him?认识他的人，谁会相信他呢？*⑤当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，只能用that。
He is no longer the little boy that he used to be./China is not the country that it used to be.2) which的优先权：①前面有“,”Beijing, which is the capital city of China, sees great changes every day.②前面有介词He has 3 cars, the oldest of which was bought 30 years ago.③代指上文整句话We lost the game, which made us depressed.注意：①在非限制性定语从句中不能用that，可用who, whom，which，when,where等。
Yesterday I met Mary, who seemed very excited.②介词后作宾语，不能用that，可用whom或which。
This is the person to whom your father spoke just now.这是刚才你父亲和他说话的那个人。
③当先行词是指人的all, any, few, one(s), anyone, everyone, those, people, he等时，只能用who，而不用that。
God bless this ship and all who sail in her.上帝保佑这条船和这船上的所有人。
④当先行词与关系代词之间有复杂的短语或从句隔开时不用that，用who, whom或which.I was the only person in my office who was invited.我是我们办公室里唯一受到邀请的人。
2、whose先行词在从句中作定语用whose（可换成the+ n. of +which/whom, of which/whom +the+n.）We live in a house whose windows face south.①The prizes will go to the writers ____________the stories are the most creative.②The prizes will go to the writers ____________ stories are the most creative.A. of whichB. whoseC. of whomD. in which3、关系代词as/which1) as用来引导非限制性定语从句，常译成“正如……”，而which引导定语从句，常译为“这(件事，一点)。
___________you will find out, I will never let you down.He was awarded the first prize, ___________made his parents very proud.2) as可以引导限制性定语从句，但先行词须有such或the same或用于as/so…as结构。
①当the same修饰先行词时，引导限制性定语从句的关系代词可用as/that。
用that表示它的内容与先行词所讲的事物是相同的，“同一”;用as可表示相似的，“同类”。
the same…. as 定语从句相似的事物/人,the same…. that 定语从句同一事物/人I have bought the same watch___________ you have.This is the same watch___________ I lost.②s uch… as 定语从句(缺主语/宾语) 像…那样[so + adj.+ a/an+ n. + as + 定语从句]s uch… that 结果状语从句（不缺成分）如此以致于This is such an easy question as I can answer.→This is such an easy question that (even) I can answer it.①He is such an outstanding man ____________we all admire.②He is such an outstanding man ____________we all admire him.A. whichB. whoC. asD. that③有些as从句已经成了固定格式：as is known to all /as we all know(众所周知)，as is often the case(这是常有的事)，as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)，as was expected(不出所料)，as often happens(正如经常发生的那样)，as has been said before(如上所述)，as the (old) saying goes(正如谚语所言;俗话说)等等。
1. All _____ is needed is a supply of oil.A. the thingB. thatC. whatD. which2. Finally, the thief handed everything _____ he had stolen to the police.A. whichB. whatC. whateverD. that3. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone _____family was poor.A. of whomB. whomC. of whoseD. whose4. Carol said the work would be done by October, __________ I doubt very much.A. whatB. whoC. whichD. when5. The man showed us so heavy a stone ________ no man can lift.A. thatB. asC. whichD. and6. We are living in an age _____many things are done on computer.A. whichB. thatC. whoseD. when7. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _____ he grew up as a child.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. when8. Is there a pub around ______ I can have a drink?A. whichB. thatC. whereD. what4、介词+which(物)/whom（人）注意：没有无缘无故的介词，介词的选择规则如下：1) 根据定语从句中动词与先行词所需要的习惯搭配来确定。