Evidence of a Late-medieval Mega Flood Event in the Upper Reaches
上海科技大学《工程造价专业英语》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷
2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷1、The problem lies in______ we’re now giving him a fish, not teaching him how to fish. A．what B．thatC．which D．if2、--- Is there any chance of my being promoted?--- If you want a promotion, you’d better rather than get your way.A．play the game B．cross your fingersC．raise the red flag D．kill the fatted calf3、--- May I speak to Mr. Smith？--- I am afraid not. He is at a meeting now. It's not _____________A．reliable B．convenientC．beneficial D．available4、He ______ it on schedule, but somehow he fell behind.A．must have done B．might finishC．could have finished D．could finish5、NASA has made a ________ that our earth has no threat associated with the film 2012which is based on pure myths.A．clarification B．classification C．identification D．presentation6、When the girl did ________ the courage to tell her parents what had happened,unfortunately her own family didn't believe her.A．work out B．work up C．work at D．work on7、People from all walks of life are eager for success, _______ lack of confidence, however, isa great barrier.A．where B．whichC．to which D．beyond which8、This was returned because the person ________ this letter was addressed had died three years ago.A．to whom B．to whichC．which D．whom9、________ on February 5, 2019, the Wandering Earth soon became a great hit. A．Releasing B．Being releasedC．Released D．To release10、Visit the old man this afternoon？If you ________，make sure you wear sunscreens to protect your skin.A．must B．canC．may D．shall第二部分阅读理解（满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
2021英语外研版选择性必修第四册教用文档Unit 5
说明文说明文是以说明为主要表达方式来解说事物、阐明事理而给人以知识的文章，它要求语言准确简明，通俗浅显，条理清晰而又有逻辑性。
需要注意的是，说明文是陈述客观事实，所以这种文体通常采用一般现在时。
[基本框架]第一部分：简述神秘现象(什么样的神秘现象，何时何地被发现，科学家对此的解释和论据)。
第二部分：不同的看法。
第三部分：自己对这种现象的认识。
[常用词块]1．a series of attacks 一连串的袭击行为2．muddy footprints on the kitchen floor 厨房地板上的泥脚印3．a frightening experience一次可怕的经历4．a reported sighting of the Loch Ness monster 据报道有人看见尼斯湖水怪5．bring sth.to light 披露某事6．due to human error 由于人为错误[常用语句]★精彩开头1．The monster of...is back in the news...……怪物……又上新闻了。
2．It is known to all that...众所周知……3．It lies in...它在于……4．It looks like...它看起来像……★丰满主体1．Some scientists think that...一些科学家认为……2．Some people believe in its existence，because...有些人相信它的存在，因为……3．By recent research，we can learn that...通过最近的研究，我们可以了解到……4．Other scientists consider...其他科学家认为……★余味结尾1．Personally，I(don't)believe...就我个人而言，我(不)相信……2．As far as I am concerned，I think...就我而言，我认为……3．In my point of view，I believe...在我看来，我相信……“北美大脚怪(Bigfoot)”一直引发人们的热议。
托福阅读TPO7（试题+答案+译...
托福阅读TPO7(试题+答案+译文)第1篇:TheGeologicHistoryoftheMediterraneanTPO是我们常用的托福模考工具，对我们的备考很有价值，下面小编给大家带来托福阅读TPO7(试题+答案+译文)第1篇:The Geologic History of the Mediterranean。
托福阅读原文In 1970 geologists Kenneth J.Hsu and William B.F. Ryan were collecting research data while aboard the oceanographicresearch vessel Glomar Challenger.Anobjective of this particular cruise wasto investigate the floor of theMediterranean and to resolve questions aboutits geologic history. One questionwas related to evidence that theinvertebrate fauna (animals without spines) ofthe Mediterranean had changedabruptly about 6 million years ago. Most of theolder organisms were nearlywiped out, although a few hardy species survived. Afew managed to migrate into the Atlantic.Somewhat later, the migrants returned,bringing new species with them. Why didthe near extinction and migrationsoccur?Another task for the GlomarChallenger’sscientists was to try to determine the origin of the domelikemasses buried deepbeneath the Mediterranean seafloor. These structures had beendetected yearsearlier by echo-sounding instruments, but they had never beenpenetrated in thecourse of drilling. Were they salt domes such as are commonalong the UnitedStates Gulf Coast, and if so, why should there have been somuch solidcrystalline salt beneath the floor of the Mediterranean?With question such as these clearly beforethem, thescientists aboard the Glomar Challenger processed to the Mediterraneantosearch for the answers. On August 23, 1970,they recovered a sample. Thesampleconsisted of pebbles of hardened sediment that had once been soft,deep-seamud, as well as granules of gypsum and fragments of volcanic rock. Nota singlepebble was found that might have indicated that the pebbles came fromthenearby continent. In the days following, samples of solid gypsumwererepeatedly brought on deck as drilling operations penetrated theseafloor.Furthermore, the gypsum was found to possess peculiarities ofcomposition andstructure that suggested it had formed on desert flats. Sedimentabove andbelow the gypsum layer contained tiny marine fossils, indicatingopen-oceanconditions. As they drilled into the central and deepest part oftheMediterranean basin, the scientists took solid, shiny, crystalline saltfromthe core barrel. Interbedded with the salt were thin layers of whatappeared tobe windblown silt.The time had come to formulate ahypothesis. The investigators theorized that about 20 million years ago, theMediterranean wasa broad seaway linked to the Atlantic by two narrow straits.Crustal movements closedthe straits, and the landlocked Mediterranean began toevaporate. Increasingsalinity caused by the evaporation resulted in theextermination of scores ofinvertebrate species. Only a few organisms especiallytolerant of very saltyconditions remained. As evaporation continued, the remainingbrine (salt water)became so dense that the calcium sulfate of the hard layerwas precipitated. Inthe central deeper part of the basin, the last of the brineevaporated toprecipitate more soluble sodium chloride (salt). Later, under theweight ofoverlying sediments, this salt flowed plastically upward to form saltdomes.Before this happened, however, the Mediterranean was a vast desert 3,000metersdeep. Then, about 5.5 million yearsago came the deluge. As a result ofcrustaladjustments and faulting, the Strait of Gibraltar, where theMediterranean nowconnects to the Atlantic, opened, and water cascadedspectacularly back intothe Mediterranean.Turbulent waters tore into thehardened salt flats, brokethem up, and ground them into the pebbles observed inthe first sample taken bythe Challenger. As the basin was refilled, normalmarine organisms returned.Soon layer of oceanic ooze began to accumulate abovethe old hard layer.Thesalt and gypsum, the faunal changes, and the unusualgravel provided abundantevidence that the Mediterranean was once a desert.托福阅读试题1.The word “objective”in the passage(paragraph 1) is closest in meaning toA.achievementB.requirementC.purposeD.feature2.Which of the following is NOT mentionedin paragraph 1 asa change thatoccurred in the fauna of the Mediterranean?A.Most invertebrate species disappearedduring a wave of extinctions.B.A few hardy species wiped out many of theMediterranean’s i nvertebrates.C.Some invertebrates migrated to AtlanticOcean.D.New species of fauna populated theMediterranean when the old migrants returned.3.1.Whatdoes the author imply by saying“Not a single pebble was found that might have indicated that thepebbles came from the nearby continent”?(paragraph 3)A.The most obvious explanation for theorigin of the pebbles was not supported by the evidence.B.The geologists did not find as manypebbles as they expected.C.The geologists were looking for aparticular kind of pebble.D.The different pebbles could not have comefrom only one source.4.Which of the following can be inferredfrom paragraph 3 about the solidgypsum layer?A.It did not contain any marine fossil.B.It had formed in open-ocean conditions.C.It had once been soft, deep-sea mud.D.It contained sediment from nearbydeserts.5.Select the TWO answer choice from paragraph3 that identify materialsdiscovered in the deepest part of the Mediterraneanbasin. To receive credityou must select TWO answers.A.Volcanic rock fragmentsB.Thin silt layersC.Soft, deep-sea mudD.Crystalline salt6.What is the main purpose of paragraph 3?A.To describe the physical evidencecollected by Hsu and RyanB.To explain why some of the questionsposed earlier in the passage could not be answered by the findings of theGlomar ChallengerC.To evaluate techniques used by Hsu andRyan to explore the sea floorD.To describe the most difficult problemsfaced by the Glomar Challenger expedition7.According to paragraph 4, which of thefollowing was responsible for theevaporation of the Mediterranean’s waters?A.The movements of Earth’s crustB.The accumulation of sediment layersC.Changes in the water level of theAtlantic OceanD.Changes in Earth’s temperature8.The word “scores”in the passage(paragraph 4) is closest in meaning toA.membersrge numbersC.populationsD.different types9.According to paragraph 4, what causedmost invertebrate species in theMediterranean to become extinct?A.The evaporation of chemicals necessaryfor their survivalB.Crustal movements that connected theMediterranean to the saltier AtlanticC.The migration of new species through thenarrow straitsD.Their inability to tolerate theincreasing salt content of the Mediterranean10.Which of the sentences below bestexpresses the essential information inthe highlighted sentence in the passage(paragraph 4) ? Incorrect choices change the meaning inimportant ways or leaveout essential information.A.The strait of Gibraltar reopened when theMediterranean and the Atlantic became connected and the cascades of water fromone sea to the other caused crustal adjustments and faulting.B.The Mediterranean was dramaticallyrefilled by water fromthe Atlantic when crustal adjustments and faultingopened the Strait of Gibraltar, the place where the two seas are joined.C.The cascades of water from the Atlanticto the Mediterranean were not as spectacular as the crustal adjustments andfaulting that occurred when the Strait of Gibraltar was connected to thoseseas.D.As a result of crustal adjustments andfaulting and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar, the Atlantic andMediterranean were connected and became a single sea with spectacular cascadesof water between them.11.The word “Turbulent”in the passage(paragraph 4) is closest in meaning toA.FreshB.DeepC.ViolentD.Temperate12. Look at the four squares [■] thatindicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Thus,scientists had information about the shape of the domes but not about theirchemical composition and origin.■【A】Another task for theGlomar Challenger’s scientists was totry to determine the origin of thedomelike masses buried deep beneath theMediterranean seafloor. ■【B】These structures had been detected years earlierby echo-soundinginstruments, but they had never been penetrated in the courseof drilling. ■【C】Were theysalt domes such as are common alongthe United States Gulf Coast, and if so, whyshould there have been so muchsolid crystalline salt beneath the floor of theMediterranean? ■[D】Where would the sentence best fit?13. Direction: An introductory sentence fora brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary byselecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in thepassage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideasthat are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. Thisquestion is worth 2 points.An expedition to the Mediterranean answeredsome long-standing questionsabout the ocean’s history.A.The Glomar Challenger expeditioninvestigated changes in invertebrate fauna and some unusual geologic features.B.Researchers collected fossils todetermine which new species migrated from the Atlantic with older species.C.Scientists aboard the Glomar Challengerwere the first to discover the existence of domelike masses underneath theseafloor.D.Samples recovered from the expeditionrevealed important differences in chemical composition and fossil distributionamong the sediment layers.E.Evidence collected by the GlomarChallenger supports geologists' beliefs that the Mediterranean had evaporatedand become a desert, before it refilled with water.F.Mediterraneansalt domes formed after crustal movements opened the straits between theMediterranean and the Atlantic, and the Mediterranean refilled with water.托福阅读答案1.C2.文第四句话说到“Most of theolder organisms were nearly wiped out(大部分更加古老的生物都几乎灭绝了)”对应选项A;第五句说到“A few managed to migrate into the Atlantic(一些物种成功地迁移到了大西洋)”，对应选项C;第六句说到“the migrants returned, bringing new species with them(这些物种又回到了地中海，并带回新的物种)”，对应选项D。
天津大学 英美文化 答案版
Unit 5I. Blank-filling1. The nickname for the USA national flag is “_____Old Glory________________”.2. The state of ____Virginia______ was named in honor of Queen Elizabeth I.3. As US national motto, “E Pluribus Unum” means _____out of many,one__________5. As pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens, Mark Twain means ___Mark number two_______.6. The largest state in terms of area is ___Alaska_______ and the largest state in terms of population is _____California_____.7. The meaning of Mississippi is “_____Father of Waters___”.8. Some ____Puritans_______, called the Pilgrims, crossed the Atlantic in the ship Mayflower andsettled at Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620.9. The writer O. Henry called ____Thanksgiving Day _______ the one holiday that is purelyAmerican.10. The first shot in the American War of Independence was heard at the village of______Lexington_____ on April 19, 1775.11. In May, 1775, ______the 2th Continental Congress______ met in Philadelphia and began toassume the functions of a national government.12. On June 14, 1776, the second Continental Congress officially appointed __GeorgrWashington___ as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army.13. ___Thomas_Jefferson_ was instructed by the Committee of Five to write the Declaration ofIndependence.14. The Independence Day of the United States is on _____July_4th_______.15. On January 1, 1863, President Lincoln issued the ____ Emancipation Proclamation___________, which granted freedom to all slaves in areas still controlled by the Confederacy.16. The famous “that this government of the people, by the people, for the people”was from___the Gettysburg Address_______17. The 2nd Amendment in the Bill of Rights granted the American people the right to keep andbear ____Arms______.18. The most extreme form of Jim Crow violence is ____Lynching______.19. ___Chinked-out_______ is a new musical style created by Lee-Hom Wang, which blendsChinese traditional music with Western hip-hop rhythms.20. ____The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882______ serves as the first in US history to ban a specific racial group from entering America.II. Multiple-Choice21. Which of the following states is called “the Old Colony State”? BA. PennsylvaniaB. MassachusettsC. DelawareD. Georgia22. The term “Father of Waters” is used to refer to __________. CA. the Amazon River C. the Mississippi RiverB. the Nile River D. the Hudson River23. Which of the following was not first grown by Native Americans? BA. potato C. pumpkinB. cabbage D. corn24. The first colony at Jamestown in Virginia survived because the colonists discovered a way to earn money. Which of the following was discovered by the Virginians? BA. shipping cotton to EuropeB. growing tobacco in VirginiaC. making a profit by fishingD. growing cotton25. Three of the following were the motives of the English Puritans who went to New England asimmigrants. Which was the exception? AA. They believed that the Church of England was not Catholic enough.B. They believed that the Church of England was too Catholic in religious practices.C. They were persecuted in England.D. They wanted to established a colony based on their own religious ideals.26. Thanksgiving Day is originally celebrated by people for _____. DA. healthB. safetyC. freedomD. harvest27. _____ was the only Founding Father to sign the Declaration of Independence, the UnitedStates Constitution, the Treaty of Alliance with France, and the Treaty of Paris. CA. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Benjamin FranklinD. John Adams28. The following words of wisdom were given by Benjamin Franklin except _____ BA. A penny saved is a penny earned.B. All for one, one for all. ([法] Dumas pére大仲马)C. Time is money.D. Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.29. George Washington served _____ term(s) as US President. BA. oneB. twoC. threeD. four30. The author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin was ____________. CA. Thomas PaineB. Barbara SmithC. Harriet Beecher StoweD. Mark Twain31.The following people played a great role in Civil Rights Movement except _____. CA. Emmett TillB. Rosa ParksC.Oprah WinfreyD. Martin Luther King, Jr.32. Angel Island was destroyed by _____ in 1940 and was never reopened. CA. an earthquakeB. a thunderstormC.a fireD. a flood33. Which Act removed the last barriers to Chinese immigration initiating a new era in the history of America’s melting pot? CA. The Chinese Exclusion ActB. The Chinese Exclusion Repeal ActC.The Immigration ActD. The Walter-McCarren Act34. Which of the following is not a slur word? AA. blondeB. chinkC.niggerD. round-eyeIII. Question35. What is the significance of the Second Continental Congress? 大陆会议的重要性有3点37. What social problems did the American Civil War solve? 2点38. What are the contributions of the Civil Rights Laws of the 1960s?IV. True or False39. The first English colony was set in Delaware. F40. The bald eagle was chosen as the representative of the United States. T41. Geographically the United States can be roughly divided into three parts—the western part, the southern part and New England. F42. The Appalachian Mountains are the backbone of North America. F43. Fishing and hunting were only a way for American Indians to survive.44. Totem poles were used as the objects of worship.45. Pilgrim Fathers settled at Plymouth in 1607. F46. The purpose of the First Continental Congress was to seek independence from Britain. F47. Benjamin Franklin was the first to celebrate the American Dream. T48. Under the Articles of Confederation, the 13 states were united under a strong centralgovernment.49. US Constitution was signed on September 17, 1787.50. The Bill of Rights ensured the efficient central authority of the federal government. F51. Mount Rushmore is famous for the faces of four American Presidents, who are G. Washington,T. Jefferson, A. Lincoln, and F. Roosevelt. F（Theodore Roosevelt）52. The Battle of Gettysburg was fought on July 1 and 2, 1863 and is considered the turning pointin the Revolutionary War. F(应该是内战Civil War)1. The ancestors of the Welsh are ___a__.A. the CeltsB. the RomansC. the AnglesD. the Normans2. Which of the following is not one of the three Germanic tribes that came to be the basisof modern English race? __a___A. the Viking DanesB. the AnglesC. the SaxonsD. the Jutes3. The historical Arthur is believed by most historians as a __a__ warrior.A. Celtic B Anglo C Saxon D Norman4. For much of the Middle Ages, Britain was ruled by a(n) __b____-speaking aristocracy.A. EnglishB. FrenchC. GermanD. Gaelic5. Normans under William the Conqueror invaded England from France, Defeating theSaxon king Harold at the Battle of ____Hastings_______ in 1066. Hastings6. The full name of the United Kingdom is ____ The United Kingdom of Great Britain___7. The two largest islands of the British Isles are __ Britain __ and _ Ireland ___.8. All the kings of the Middle Ages in Britain spoke ___French__ as their mother tongue,and after the Hundred Years’ War, the __English____ language took its place.9. What are the main consequences of the Norman Conquest?The significance of Norman Conquest lies in the following aspects: The foundation of aristocracy,the final u nification of England ,the great administrative process,and a link to FranceUnit 11 The ancestors of the Welsh are ___A__.A. the CeltsB. the RomansC. the AnglesD. the Normans2 Which of the following is not one of the three Germanic tribes that came to be the basis of modern En glish race? AA. the Viking DanesB. the AnglesC. the SaxonsD. the Jutes3 The historical Arthur is believed by most historians as a _A___ warrior.A. Celtic B Anglo C Saxon D Norman4 For much of the Middle Ages, Britain was ruled by a(n) __B____-speaking aristocracy.A. EnglishB. FrenchC. GermanD. Gaelic5 Normans under William the Conqueror invaded England from France, defeating the Saxon king Harold at the Battle of Hastings in 1066.6 The full name of the United Kingdom is The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland .7 The two largest islands of the British Isles are England and Ireland.8 All the kings of the Middle Ages in Britain spoke French as their mother tongue, and after the Hund red Years’War, the French-English language took its place.9 When the Romans invaded Britain around the year 43 A.D, Britain was a land of B .A. The PictsB. The CeltsC. The Angles10 Which of the following is not one of the three Germanic tribes that came to be the basis of modern English race ? AA. The Viking DanesB. The AnglesC. The Saxons11 In 43 A.D. ,Roman Emperor, C , evaded Britain.A. Julius CaesarB. Augustus CaesarC. Claudius12 Christianity was introduced into Britain by CA. The CeltsB. The GermansC. The Romans13 Who was killed in the Battle of Hastings ? BA. Edward the ConfessorB. Harold GodwinsonC. Harald Hardrade14 For much of the Middle Ages, Britain was ruled by a(n) AA. French-speakingB. English-speakingC. German-speaking15 Which of the following words were not regarded as the language of the upper class in the Middle A ges? AA. DeerB. MuttonC. Pork16 In the C century English became dominant in Britain again.A. 12thB. 13thC. 14th17 Which of the following English poets is known as “the Father of English literature”? AA. G. ChaucerB. J. MiltonC. W. Shakespeare10 What are the main consequences of the Norman Conquest?The significance of Norman Conquest lies in the following aspects: the foundation of aristocracy, the fi nal unification of England, the great administrative process, a link to France, a great influence of French on English.Unit 21. One of the following took place during the Elizabethan age: BA. the making of the Magna CartaB. the defeat of the Spanish Armada by the English navyC. the rule of Alfred the GreatD. the defeat of King Harold by France2. In England, the monarch, D , declared that the Pope was no longer head of the Church of England.A. Bloody MaryB. Queen Elizabeth I.C. King Henry VD. King Henry VIII3. Three of the following were characteristics of the Elizabethan age. Which of the four is the exception?AA. Queen Elizabeth advocated the Divine Right and quarreled with Parliament.B. Protestantism gradually became the dominant faith.C. This was the age of literature when Shakespeare lived and when English literature blossomed.D. This was the age of adventure on the sea.4. Victorianism was characterized by the following except DA. It was in an age of imperialismB. It saw the great progress in sciences with Charles Darwin as a prominent figure.C. It was the age when the great progress was made in the field of communications.D. It was an age when the Battle of Hastings was won by the Duke of Wellington.?5. The Origin of Species was written by Charles Darwin .6. All English official documents bear the initials OHMS which stands for On His/Her Majesty's Service .7 In Britain, the executive power is in the hands of Cabinet .8. Queen Victoria takes the credit of the longest reign in British history.9. In the “Grab for Africa” Britain got the lion’s share, which confirmed its supremacy.1. The first colony at Jamestown in Virginia survived because the colonists discovered a way to earn mo ney. Which of the following was discovered by the Virginians? CA. Growing cottonB. Making a profit by fishingC. Growing tobacco in Virginia2. Which of the following states is called “ the Old Colony State ”? BA. PennsylvaniaB. MassachusettsC. Virginia3. Virginia is an American state named in honor of AA. Queen Elizabeth IB. Queen Mary IC. Queen Victoria4. Which of the following is the 50th state admitted into the US? CA. ArizonaB. AlaskaC. Hawaii5. Which of the following is not the motive of the English Puritans who went to New England as immigra nts? AA. They believed that the Church of England was not Catholic enoughB. They were persecuted in England.C. They wanted to establish a colony based on their own religious ideals.6. Thanksgiving Day was originally celebrated by people for AA. HarvestB. SafetyC. Freedom7. C was the only Founding Father to sign The Declaration of Independence, The United States Constitution, The Treaty of Alliance with France, and The Treaty of Paris. CA. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Benjamin Franklin8. The Confederacy was the government formed from 1861 to 1865 by B Southern states of the United States of America that had declared their secession from the U.S.A. 10B. 11C.129. The famous “this government of the people, by the people, for the people” was from AA. The Gettysburg AddressB. Emancipation ProclamationC. The Mayflower Compact10. What were the main features of the Elizabethan age?The Elizabethan age is often remembered by two things. The first is literature, especially the literature o f William Shakespeare. It was at the age that Shakespeare lived and English literature blossomed. The s econd is adventure on the sea The victory of English fleets marked the beginning of an English naval tra dition.11.Explain the atmosphere of Victorianism.Victorianism was an age of national development and national optimism. Tremendous social reform took place. The greatest one of all was made in the field of communications. Victorianism family life had the quality of stability and the victorias were extremely religious. It was also an age of imperialism.Unit 5I. Blank-filling1. The nickname for the USA national flag is “ Old Glory ”.2. The state of Virginia was named in honor of Queen Elizabeth I.3. As US national motto, “E Pluribus Unum”means “ Out of Many，One ”5. As pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens, Mark Twain means Mark Number Two .6. The largest state in terms of area is Alaska and the largest state in terms of population is California .7. The meaning of Mississippi is “ Great Waters ”.8. Some Puritans, called the Pilgrims, crossed the Atlantic in the ship Mayflower and settled at Plymo uth,Massachusetts in 1620.9. The writer O. Henry called Thanksgiving the one holiday that is purely American.10. The first shot in the American War of Independence was heard at the village of Lexington on April 19, 1775.11. In May, 1775, The 2nd Continental Congress met in Philadelphia and began to assume the functio ns of a national government.12. On June 14, 1776, the second Continental Congress officially appointed George Washington as co mmander-in-chief of the Continental Army.13. Thomas Jefferson was instructed by the Committee of Five to write the Declaration of Independe nce.14. The Independence Day of the United States is on July 4th .16. The famous “that this government of the people, by the people, for the people”was from the Gettys burg Address17. The 2nd Amendment in the Bill of Rights granted the American people the right to keep and bear ar ms .1. The Victorian novelists include the following except AA. William WordsworthB. William ThackerayC. Charles Dickens2. Which of the following is a tragedy written by Shakespeare? AA. OthelloB. The TempesC. Twelfth Night3. The most outstanding Victorian novelist in the aspect of literary merits was BA. Jonathan SwiftB. Charles DickensC. Charlotte Bronte4. “To be or not to be” is the quotation from which play by Shakespeare? CA. OthelloB. MacbethC. Hamlet5. Which fictional character is not created by Charles Dickens? CA. Oliver Twist.B. ScroogeC. Herzog6. Shakespeare lived under the reign of AA. Queen Elizabeth IB. Queen Mary IC. Queen Victoria7. Charles Dickens lived under the reign of CA. Queen ElizabethB. Queen Mary IC. Queen Victoria8. Which statement about Shakespeare is not right? CA. Shakespeare is a great master of the English languageB. Shakespeare started his career as an actorC. Shakespeare has a profound influence on the Christmas celebration nowadays9. Which statement about Dickens is not right? BA. Dickens incorporates autobiographical elements into his fictionB. Dickens is ignored during his life time but earns recognition afterwardsC. Dickens’ writing style is florid and poetic, with a strong comic touchII. Multiple-Choice21. Which of the following states is called “the Old Colony State”? BA. PennsylvaniaB. MassachusettsC. DelawareD.Georgia22. The term “Father of Waters”is used to refer to ____C______.A. the Amazon River C. the Mississippi RiverB. The Nile River D. The Hudson River23. Which of the following was not first grown by Native Americans? BA. potato C. pumpkinB. cabbage D. corn24. The first colony at James town in Virginia survived because the colonists discovered a way to earn money. Which of the following was discovered by the Virginians? BA. shipping cotton to EuropeB. growing tobacco in VirginiaC. making a profit by fishingD. growing cotton25. Three of the following were the motives of the English Puritans who went to New England as immigr ants. Which was the exception? AA. They believed that the Church of England was not Catholic enough.B. They believed that the Church of England was too Catholic in religious practices.C. They were persecuted in England.D. They wanted to established a colony based on their own religious ideals.26. Thanksgiving Day is originally celebrated by people for ___D__.A. healthB. safetyC. freedomD. harvest27. ___C__ was the only Founding Father to sign the Declaration of Independence, the United States C onstitution, the Treaty of Alliance with France, and the Treaty of Paris.A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Benjamin FranklinD. John Adams28. The following words of wisdom were given by Benjamin Franklin except _B____A. A penny saved is a penny earned.B.All for one, one for all. ([法] Dumas pére大仲马)C. Time is money.D. Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.29. George Washington served ___B__ term(s) as US President.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four30. The author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin was _____C_______.A. Thomas PaineB. Barbara SmithC. Harriet Beecher StoweD. Mark TwainIII. Question35. What is the significance of the Second Continental Congress?In May 1775, the second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions o f a national government. It founded a Continental Army and Navy under the command of George Washi ngton.On June 11th, 1776, the second Continental Congress appointed a committee of five men to draft a Declaration of Independence.The young Thomas Jefferson was chosen by the committee to draft the Declaration of Independence, which the congress adopted on July 4th, 1776.37. What social problems did the American Civil War solve?The war resolved two fundamental questions that had divided the United States since 1776.It put an en d to slavery, which was completely abolished by the 13th Amendment to the constitution in 1865.It also decided, once and for all, that American was not a collection of semi-independent states, but a single i ndivisible nation.IV. True or False39. The first English colony was set in Jamestown in Virginia40. The bald eagle was chosen as the representative of the United States.41. Geographically the United States can be roughly divided into three parts—（The Atlantic Seacoast and the Appalachian Mountains in the east，the great Mississippi River Basin in the middle and the Rockies west to the Pacific Ocean）42. The Rocky Mountains are the backbone of North America.45. Pilgrim Fathers settled at Plymouth in 1620.46. The purpose of the First Continental Congress was to 放宽高压政策.47. Benjamin Franklin was the first to celebrate the American Dream.50. The Bill of Rights ensured the individual liberties.51. Mount Rushmore is famous for the faces of four American Presidents, who are G. Washington, T. Je fferson, A. Lincoln, and T. Roosevelt.52. The Battle of Gettysburg was fought on July 1 and 2, 1863 and is considered the turning point in the Civil War.1.which university is usually considered the first university in the world? BA. University of ConstantinopleB. University of BolognaC. University of Oxford2. What is the motto of Harvard University? AA. VeritasB. Lux et veritasC. Mens et Manus3. So far, how many US presidents have been produced by Yale University? CA. 3B. 4C. 54. Which of the following US universities is NOT the member of the Ivy League? CA. Yale UniversityB. Princeton UniversityC. MIT5. Oxford University began growing rapidly in A century.A. 12thB. 13thC. 14th6. From which university did John Harvard graduate? CA. Harvard UniversityB. Oxford UniversityC. Cambridge University7. What was the result of the first Boat Race between Oxford and Cambridge? AA. Oxford wonB. Cambridge wonC. It ended with a dead heat8. Which university was the site of the first practical electron microscope? BA. Stanford UniversityB. University of TorontoC. Australian National University9. According to Asian University Rankings, 2009, which university ranked the highest in Asi a? BA. Beijing UniversityB. University of TokyoC. University of Hong Kong美国枪支泛滥君主立宪制。
公元前1920年溃决洪水为中国大洪水传说和夏王朝的存在提供依据
公元前1920年溃决洪水为中国大洪水传说和夏王朝的存在提供依据吴庆龙;陆斌;张进;张培震;袁道阳;齐乌云;蔡林海;白世彪;陈菁;李荣富;刘志;赵志军;肖晨光;周程婷;毕博;刘莉;Darryl E.Granger;王辉;David J.Cohen;吴小红;叶茂林;Ofer Bar-Yosef【摘要】中国传统史学讲述了一个在治理洪水成功后建立夏朝并开启文明史的故事.然而,洪水和夏朝的历史真实性一直存在争议.本文重建了约公元前1920年黄河上游地震引发的滑坡坝体的渍决洪水,为一万年以来地球上发生的最大的内陆洪水之一,可以解释中国传说的大洪水.本文将夏朝的开端确定为约公元前1900年,比传统的认识晚了2～3个世纪.测定结果表明,此年代的黄河流域状态与新石器向青铜器时代大变迁时的状态相吻合,这同时也佐证了初级国家形态——二里头文化是夏朝存在的考古证据的假说.【期刊名称】《中国水利》【年(卷),期】2017(000)003【总页数】5页(P1-5)【关键词】公元前1920年;中国大洪水传说;夏王朝;黄河;溃决洪水【作者】吴庆龙;陆斌;张进;张培震;袁道阳;齐乌云;蔡林海;白世彪;陈菁;李荣富;刘志;赵志军;肖晨光;周程婷;毕博;刘莉;Darryl E.Granger;王辉;David J.Cohen;吴小红;叶茂林;Ofer Bar-Yosef【作者单位】北京大学,考古学与博物馆学院,100871,北京;南京师范大学,地理科学学院,210023,南京;中国地震局,地质研究所,地震动力学国家重点实验室,100029,北京;西安研究所,中煤科工集团,710077,西安;中国地质科学院地质研究所,100037,北京;中国地震局,地质研究所,地震动力学国家重点实验室,100029,北京;中山大学,地球科学与地质工程学院,510275,广州;中国地震局,兰州地震学研究所,730000,兰州;中国社会科学院,考古研究所,100710,北京;青海省文物考古研究所,810007,西宁;南京师范大学,地理科学学院,210023,南京;江苏地理信息资源开发与应用协作创新中心,210023,南京;;;;南京师范大学,地理科学学院,210023,南京;江苏地理信息资源开发与应用协作创新中心,210023,南京;;;;斯坦福大学,东亚语言与文化学院,94305,斯坦福,美国;普渡大学,地球大气与行星科学学院,47907,西拉法叶,美国;中国社会科学院,考古研究所,100710,北京;台湾大学,人类学学院,10617,台北;北京大学,考古学与博物馆学院,100871,北京;中国社会科学院,考古研究所,100710,北京;哈佛大学,人类学学院,02138,剑桥,美国【正文语种】中文【中图分类】P331.1（*通讯作者：吴庆龙Email:*****************）编者按：善治国者必先治水。
nie_Yellow_River_2015
ARTICLE
he Yellow River (Fig. 1) currently has the world’s highest sediment load1, with an annual sediment discharge of 1,080 Â 106 ton per year to the ocean. It is therefore a critical link between eroding uplands and terrigenous sediment records of the marine sedimentary basins used extensively to reconstruct orogenic denudation histories2–4. The river’s sediment sources, transport and dispersal patterns, as well as its formation history5–8, are key for understanding the controversial timing, cause, extent and impact of uplift and denudation of the Northeast (NE) Tibetan Plateau and tectonic–climate linkages3,9,10. However, the origin and drainage history of the river are highly controversial, with estimates of establishment of the current drainage patterns ranging from the Eocene to late Pleistocene6,8,11. Furthermore, the globally important climate and dust archive, the Chinese Loess Plateau loess deposits that lie within the square bend of the Yellow River (Fig. 1), are widely considered to be derived solely from aeolian transport of dust directly from source regions in NE Tibet, western China or northern China and Mongolia12–20. The Yellow River is considered to be a net remover of sediment from the Loess Plateau21–23. However, a recent study24 suggests that the Yellow River has provided sediment to the Loess Plateau during the last glacial period, casting doubt on the origins of this climate and atmospheric dust archive. Key to unravelling these questions is constraining the river’s past and present sediment sources and dispersal patterns. Here we constrain these sources and dispersal patterns using the first extensive modern and paleo-river sediment provenance data set based on combined detrital zircon U–Pb dating, heavy mineral and framework petrography. The results show that the Loess Plateau is a major terrestrial sink for Yellow River sediment eroded from the NE Tibetan Plateau.
(高中外研版)UNIT 5 Into the unknown
(二)背重点单词——写对才行 1． ruin n. 2． canal n. 3． upwards adv. 4． furthermore adv. 5． downfall n. 6． substance n.
残垣断壁，废墟 运河 向上，朝上 此外；而且；不仅如此 衰败 物质
(三)背拓展单词——用准才行 1．civil adj.公民的；民间的→ civilise v．使文明；教化；开化→ civilisation n．文
明(社会) 2．bury v．将……埋在下面→ buried adj. 埋在地下的；埋葬的；埋藏的→_b_u_r_i_a_l
n. 埋葬；葬礼 3．abandon v．离弃，逃离→ abandoned adj. 放纵的；被离弃的；被遗弃的 4．dismiss v．拒绝考虑，否定；解雇→ dismissal n．不予考虑，摒弃；解雇 5．astronomy n．天文学→ astronomical adj.天文的，天文学的→astronomer n.
→_a_r_c_h_a_e_o_l_o_g_is_t_ n. 考古学家 10．notable adj.显要的；显著的；值得注意的→ notably adv.显著地；尤其 11．drill v．钻孔；训练→ drilling n．钻探；勘探
[语境活用] 1．The decision to allow more offshore oil drilling (drill) angered some
句 在我的空闲时间，我将继续进行有规律的锻炼，比如游泳、跑步和各
种球类运动，而不是沉迷于电脑游戏。
3．dismiss v．拒绝考虑，否定；解雇
背 dismiss sb. from ... 免除某人(尤指雇员)的职务； 开除； 解雇；把某
六年级英语文学作品赏析单选题80题
六年级英语文学作品赏析单选题80题1. In "Snow White", who is the evil character?A. The princeB. The witchC. Snow WhiteD. The seven dwarfs答案：B。
本题考查对《白雪公主》中人物角色的理解。
选项 A 王子是善良的；选项C 白雪公主是主角，是善良美丽的；选项D 七个小矮人也是帮助白雪公主的。
而选项B 女巫是邪恶的角色。
2. What happened to Cinderella at midnight?A. Her dress turned back to rags.B. She met the prince.C. She danced with the prince.D. She became a princess.答案：A。
本题考查《 灰姑娘》的情节。
午夜时，选项A 灰姑娘的裙子变回了破布；选项B 她遇见王子不是在午夜；选项C 她与王子跳舞不是在午夜发生的关键情节；选项D 她成为公主是之后的结果。
3. In "Snow White", who saved Snow White at last?A. The witchB. The princeC. The seven dwarfsD. The queen答案：B。
本题考查《 白雪公主》的结局。
选项 A 女巫是反派；选项C 七个小矮人照顾过白雪公主，但最终救她的是王子；选项D 王后是邪恶的。
4. What did Cinderella leave behind at the ball?A. A shoeB. A dressC. A necklaceD. A bracelet答案：A。
本题考查《灰姑娘》的经典情节。
在舞会上，灰姑娘留下了选项 A 一只鞋；选项B 裙子、选项C 项链、选项D 手镯都不是她留下的关键物品。
大学英语六级综合-完形填空(三)
大学英语六级综合-完形填空(三)(总分：280.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、完形填空Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：70.00)If it were only necessary to decide whether to teach elementary science to everyone on a mass basis or to find the gifted few and take them as far as they can go, our task would be fairly simple. The public school system, however, has no such (1) , for the jobs must be carried (2) at the same time. Because we depend so (3) upon science and technology for our (4) , we must produce specialists in many fields. Because we live in a (5) nation, whose citizens make the policies for the nation, large numbers of us must be (6) to understand, to uphold, and (7) necessary, to judge the work of (8) . The public school must educate both producers and (9) of scientific services. In education, there should be a good balance (10) the branches of knowledge that (11) to effective thinking and wise judgment. Such balance is defeated by (12) much emphasis on any one field. This (13) of balance involves not only the (14) of the natural sciences, the social sciences and the arts but also (15) emphasis among the natural sciences themselves.(16) , we must have a balance between current and (17) knowledge. The attention of the public is continually drawn to new (18) in scientific fields and the discovery of new knowledge; these should not be (19) to turn our attention away from the sound, established materials that form the basis of (20) for beginners.（分数：70.00）A.entityB.auctionC.choice √bination解析：词义辨析题。
大禹治水的英语
大禹治水的英语The Great Yu's Efforts in Flood ControlIn the annals of ancient Chinese history, the legendary figure of the Great Yu stands out as a revered hero, whose unwavering dedication and ingenious efforts in flood control have left an indeluring mark on the nation's collective consciousness. The story of the Great Yu's triumph over the devastating floods that once plagued the land serves as a testament to the power of human perseverance and the transformative impact of visionary leadership.The era in which the Great Yu lived was marked by a series of catastrophic floods that threatened the very existence of the nascent Chinese civilization. The mighty rivers that had once nourished the land had become raging torrents, sweeping away homes, crops, and lives in their wake. The people lived in constant fear, their livelihoods and very survival hanging in the balance.It was during this tumultuous time that the Great Yu emerged as a beacon of hope. Recognized for his exceptional problem-solving skills and his unwavering commitment to the welfare of his people, he was entrusted with the daunting task of taming the unruly watersthat had plagued the land for generations.Undaunted by the magnitude of the challenge, the Great Yu set out on a journey that would test the limits of human endurance and ingenuity. He traveled extensively throughout the affected regions, meticulously studying the patterns and behavior of the floodwaters. With a keen eye for detail and a deep understanding of the natural world, he devised a comprehensive plan to control the floods and restore the land to its former prosperity.At the heart of the Great Yu's strategy was a profound respect for the delicate balance of nature. Rather than attempting to conquer the waters through brute force, he recognized the importance of working in harmony with the natural environment. He employed a combination of innovative engineering techniques and strategic water management practices to tame the raging rivers and redirect the flow of the floodwaters.One of the Great Yu's most remarkable achievements was the construction of a vast network of canals, dikes, and dams that channeled the excess water into designated areas, preventing it from wreaking havoc on the populated regions. This intricate system of water management not only protected the people from the devastating effects of the floods but also ensured the efficient distribution of water resources for agricultural and domestic use.Moreover, the Great Yu's efforts extended beyond the physical infrastructure. He understood that the long-term success of his flood control measures depended on the active participation and cooperation of the people. He worked tirelessly to educate the populace on the importance of water conservation and the proper maintenance of the flood control systems. Through his tireless efforts, he fostered a sense of collective responsibility and community ownership, ensuring that the people would continue to safeguard the land long after his own lifetime.The legacy of the Great Yu's flood control efforts can still be felt today. The systems he put in place not only protected the land from the devastating effects of floods but also laid the foundation for the agricultural and economic prosperity that would come to define ancient Chinese civilization. His innovative approach to water management and his unwavering commitment to the well-being of his people have earned him a revered place in the annals of history, inspiring generations of leaders and engineers to follow in his footsteps.As we grapple with the challenges of modern-day environmental and climate-related disasters, the story of the Great Yu serves as a powerful reminder of the transformative power of visionary leadership and the importance of working in harmony with thenatural world. His legacy continues to inspire us to seek innovative solutions to the complex problems we face, and to never underestimate the impact that a single individual can have on the course of history.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 96, NO. 11, 10 JUNE 2009 1517
e-mail: alpasridhar@rediffmail.com
In the background of these aspects and the observed anomalous Ni and Co values in the komatiite-bearing areas, a detailed geochemical sampling, besides critical stratigraphic evaluation, including volcanic stratigrapy in the J. C. Pura schist belt is called for. Magnesia-rich high-temperature komatiite sequences in the J. C. Pura schist belt appear to be enriched in Ni–Co metals. Hence, it is worthwhile to make a detailed study of the geochemical signatures of komatiite rocks, their metamorphism and structural deformation and their role in the possible Ni–Co sulphide ore mineralization, as adopted for many new prospects near Kambalda in West-ern Australia and Raglan in Quebec, Canada to explore potential zones. It may also be necessary to investigate the geomorphological evolution of the belt to ascertain the possible spatial extent and degree of in situ weather-ing, which are important for Ni and Co concentration by lateritic processes. Though Ni prices have indicated fluc-tuations (US$ 24/pound in 2007 to US$ 8.2/pound at pre-sent) in the international market, they are unlikely to fall below US$ 5/pound8. This can still afford profitable min-
ing of ore with ~0.9% Ni and 0.074% Co, as has been shown for the Mindoro deposit in the Philippines. With no productive deposits in India, and in view of the strategic importance of Ni and Co, it is necessary to make an inven-tory of the Ni–Co prospects in the J. C. Pura schist belt.
1. Robertson, J. P., Giovenazzo, D., Mercerb, Gover, D., Adiar, R. and Maxwell, G., The present and future of Ni production of Canada. In PDAC Convention, 2004, pp. 1–8; www.falconbridge.com 2. Venkatadasu, S. P., Ramakrishnan, M. and Mahabaleshwar, B., Sargur–Dharwar relationship around the Komatiite-rich Jayachamarajapura Greenstone belt in Karnataka. J. Geol. Soc. India, 1991, 38, 577–592. 3. Rose, A. W., Hawkes, H. E. and Web, J. S., Geochemistry in Min-eral Exploration, Academic Press, London, 1979, 2nd edn, p. 563. 4. Brooks, R. R., Geobotany and Biogeochemistry in Mineral Explora-tion, Harper & Row, New York, 1972, p. 220. 5. Jayananda, M., Kano, T., Peucat, J. J. and Channabasappa, S., 3.35 Ga komatite volcanism in the Western Dharwar craton: con-straints from Nd isotopes and wholerock geochemistry. Precam-brian Res., 2007, 162, 160–179. 6. Chamberlain, Nickel sulphide deposits: genetic understanding lead-ing to exploration success. CSIRO Exploration and Mining, Austra-lia, 2008; www.csiro.au/science/ps32.html 7. Stone, W. E., Beresford, S. W. and Archibald, N. J., Structural set-ting and shape analysis of nickel sulphide shoots at the Kambalda dome, Western Australia: Implications for deformation and remo-bilization. Econ. Geol., 2005, 100, 1441–1455. 8. Intex Resources, A world class Ni-laterite project in the Philippines, A scientific brochure issued at the 32nd IGC, Philippines Resources Inc., Oslo, 6–14 August 2008, p. 124; www.intexresources.com
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. We thank Bangalore University for financial support through a research project to carry out this work; Dr K. S. Anantha Murthy, Kuvempu University, for the analytical facility, and Dr Lokesh rendered help during the analysis.
Received 14 October 2008; revised accepted 2 April 2009
Evidence of a late-medieval mega flood event in the upper reaches of the Mahi River basin, Gujarat
Alpa Sridhar Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 008, India
Palaeoflood records are of great significance in reveal-ing the magnitude and frequency of large floods and thus the past monsoon conditions. The Mahi River, one of the major west-flowing rivers of India con-trolled by the southwest monsoon has preserved deposits of past floods dating back to 5 ka. A flood de-posit emplaced by a mega flood event with discharge ~7300 m3s–1 has been found at Diapattan in the upper reaches of the Mahi River basin. Based on the pottery available at the site, the event can be said to belong to late-medieval time. The timing of this mega flood event recorded at Diapattan in the Mahi River basin and records of the adjacent river basins suggest that this event represents the strengthened monsoon dur-ing the Medieval Warm Period (900–1400 AD). There exists a correlation between the extreme hydrological events in the Mahi, Narmada and Tapi river basins and this can be attributed to a regional monsoon domain.