冷链物流毕业论文

合集下载

本科毕业设计-我国蔬菜水果冷链物流现状及发展探讨

AbstractVegetables and fruits is the relationship between human quality of life and health of important nutrition source. Due to the consumption of fruits and vegetables with fresh perishable and aging of biological characteristics, is the difficulty of circulation and risk great fresh merchandise. With the improvement of people's living standard, the demand for fruit and vegetables fresh, more stressed the number, variety and safety properties. Compared with other merchandise, vegetables and fruits has its unique characteristics, and that is there is a strong seasonal, regional and perishable, these properties on the fruit and vegetable storage, transportation, distribution and logistics all links made a special request, especially cold chain logistics of such a large block.At present our fruits and vegetables commercialized technologies backward, postharvest handling rate low. To change the national situation fruits and vegetables for the logistics behind, a comprehensive analysis of the current situation fruits and vegetables for a cold chain logistics in China and its problems, the experience of other countries for advanced technology and relevant experience, exploring the development of fruits and vegetables in the cold chain logistics, proposed to promote Chinese vegetables and fruits in the cold chain logistics development strategies, particularly on, joint distribution and third party logistics involved in fruit and vegetable cold chain operation conducted a feasibility analysis, developing fruits and vegetables in the cold chain logistics development of specific measures, and relevant policy measures.Key Words：Fruits and vegetables; cold chain logistics; third party logistics导言蔬菜水果（以下简称蔬果）是关系人类生活质量和健康的重要营养来源。

中国食品冷链物流模式毕业论文

目录摘要 (II)关键词 (II)ABSTRACT (III)KEY WORDS (III)前言 (IV)第1章绪论 (1)1．1 食品冷链物流现状及营销策略综述引文 (1)第2章冷链物流基础信息 (3)2．1 什么是冷链物流 (3)2．2 冷链物流的适用范围 (3)第3章冷链物流市场分析 (4)3．1 冷饮物流市场分析 (4)3．2 肉制品冷链物流市场分析 (4)3．3 速冻食品冷链物流市场分析 (5)3．4 乳制品冷链物流市场分析 (5)第4章冷链物流的发展分析 (6)4．1 冷链物流的意义 (6)4．2 冷链物流在中国的现状 (6)4．3 冷链物流的发展趋势 (6)4．4 冷链物流的发展模式探讨 (8)4．5 冷链物流在中国的发展中所存在的问题 (12)第5章麦当劳与夏晖公司——共生的“鱼” (14)5．1 案例——麦当劳的食品冷链物流 (14)5．2 案例分析与总结 (18)结论 (21)致谢 (22)参考文献 (22)冷链物流泛指冷藏冷冻类食品在生产、贮藏运输、销售，到消费前的各个环节中始终处于规定的低温环境下，以保证食品质量，减少食品损耗的一项系统工程。

它是随着科学技术的进步、制冷技术的发展而建立起来的，是以冷冻工艺学为基础、以制冷技术为手段的低温物流过程。

冷链物流所涉及的冷藏商品大多是我们的日常消费品，包括、禽蛋类、肉及肉制品类、水产品类、果蔬类、奶业与冷饮类、医药类等。

近年来，随着我国经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高，冷藏商品的消费量越来越大。

与冷藏商品密切相关的冷链物流发展非常迅速，但总体来说，冷链物流的发展仍然跟不上市场的需求。

据专门研究和考察全球冷藏食品供应链市场的一些美国专家估计，目前中国食品年供应量总额为1500亿美元，到2017年将达到6500亿美元，年均增长率为17%。

在这种情况下，从宏观的角度来看，我们有必要建立我国冷链物流市场的整体营销策略。

根据发达国家的经验看，冷链物流市场的整体营销策略主要有两个，一是社会化运作策略，二是企业运作策略。

基于SLP的冷链物流中心规划与设计研究-毕业论文

AbstractWith the improvement of people's living standards, more and more fresh fruits, semi-finished products that need to be refrigerated after preliminary processing, more and more imported meat, eggs and milk have appeared on people's daily tables. In the face of this situation, the traditional normal temperature logistics system in our country has not been able to meet the requirements of this part of goods for the quality of logistics service. A large number of goods are corrupted and deteriorated due to the high temperature of storage, transportation and processing environment. In this case, in order to let people eat more rich and fresh food and reduce the deterioration and damage caused by temperature control failure in the logistics circulation, it is urgent to develop cold chain logistics. The key point of developing cold chain logistics is to strengthen the construction and upgrading of cold chain logistics infrastructure. At the same time, cold chain logistics center is also an important logistics node in cold chain logistics network. Because of this, the layout of cold chain logistics center is one of the hot issues in the field of logistics.This paper takes the cold chain logistics center of northeast cold and fresh port of Shenyang as the research objective, analyzes the data and data, and combines with the relevant theoretical methods of cold chain logistics center layout planning. From the three major directions of research and development objectives and requirements, throughput prediction and functional area division, layout planning and design based on SLP method, this paper theoretically studies the planning and design of northeast cold and fresh port In order to improve the logistics efficiency, operation coordination, reduce the operation cost and improve the operating profit of the cold chain logistics center of Shenyang northeast cold and fresh port.Key Words：Cold chain logistics center；SLP；Planning and design；Northeast cold port目录第1章绪论 (1)1.1选题背景 (1)1.2研究意义 (1)1.3 研究现状 (2)第2章冷链物流中心及规划的相关理论 (4)2.1 冷链物流的相关理论 (4)2.1.1 冷链物流的概念 (4)2.1.2冷链物流特点 (4)2.2 冷链物流中心的相关理论 (6)2.2.1 冷链物流中心的概念 (6)2.2.2 冷链物流中心的作用和意义 (6)2.3冷链物流中心规划设计的基本理论 (7)2.3.1冷链物流中心的区位选择 (8)2.3.2冷链物流中心的规模确定 (9)2.3.3冷链物流中心的功能区规划 (11)2.3.4冷链物流中心各功能区面积计算 (11)2.3.5冷链物流中心功能区平面布局 (12)第3章东北冷鲜港冷链物流中心布局规划与设计 (13)3.1东北冷鲜港项目建设背景 (13)3.2东北冷鲜港冷链物流中心的区位选择 (15)3.3东北冷鲜港冷链物流中心的规模确定 (15)3.3.1影响物流中心规模的因素 (15)3.3.2东北冷鲜港冷链物流中心目标年份年吞吐量的预测 (16)3.4东北冷鲜港冷链物流中心的功能区面积确定 (24)3.4.1东北冷鲜港冷链物流中心功能区设定 (24)3.4.2东北冷鲜港冷链物流中心各功能区面积计算 (25)3.5东北冷鲜港冷链物流中心的功能区布局 (26)3.5.1SLP的实施步骤 (26)3.5.2基本要素的分析 (27)3.5.3物流分析 (31)3.5.4 非物流分析 (35)3.5.5 综合分析 (36)3.6平面布局方案评价 (45)第4章结论 (47)参考文献 (48)致谢 (50)第1章绪论1.1选题背景近些年来，随着着我国经济的高速增长，老百姓餐桌上的食物越来越丰富，对于送入口中的食品要求越来越高，对部分食品的新鲜度和安全性有了更高的要求标准，这部分食品必须经过标准的现代冷链物流进行流通才能满足目前市场行业的要求。

冷链物流毕业论文分析

河北经贸大学经济管理学院毕业论文中美农产品冷链物流的比较研究和启示专业名称: 国际经济与贸易班级：C 国贸 11-5学生姓名：XXX指导教师：XXX完成时间：2015 年 3月摘要近年来，我国农产品的产量不断增长。

随着水果蔬菜、肉类等农产品的市场的需求日益增加，以及人们对于农产品的高质量的要求和对高品质生活的追求，农产品冷链物流体系的建设变得更加迫切。

农产品冷链物流在国外发达国家如加拿大、日本、美国等已经发展成熟，形成了较为完整的冷链物流体系，然而在我国起步晚，市场规模小。

我国农产品在物流过程中的损耗大、成本高，严重影响到了我国农产品的质量安全和农产品的品质。

本文分析了我国农产品冷链物流的发展现状，从我国和美国农产品冷链物流比较的视角出发，对美国和我国农产品冷链物流现状做了对比研究，探讨了我国农产品冷链物流发展中村子的问题----我国的农产品冷链物流基础设施不足，设备落后，第三方物流较少介入，政府在农产品冷链物流方面制定的相关法规与政策比较少等等，确定了我国农产品冷链物流发展中存在的具体差距，针对以上不足，总结美国农产品冷链物流对我国的经验教训，并借鉴美国的先进经验提出了适合我国国情的农产品冷链物流发展的对策，这对于建设和完善我国农产品冷链物流体系有着重大的意义。

关键词农产品；中美；冷链物流；现状；对比研究；对策AbstractIn recent years, our country agricultural product production increasing. As the fruits and vegetables, meat and other agricultural products market demand is increasing, and people to the requirement of agricultural products of high quality and the pursuit of high quality life, agricultural cold chain logistics system construction is becoming more urgent. Agricultural products cold chain logistics in foreign developed countries such as Canada, Japan, the United States has grown up, formed a relatively complete system of cold chain logistics, late in our country, however, the market is small. Big loss, in the process of agriculturalproducts in China logistics cost is high, the serious influence to our country agricultural product quality safety and quality of agricultural products.This paper analyzes the situation of agricultural products cold chain logistics in China, from the perspective of our country and the United States agricultural cold chain logistics is, to the United States and China's agricultural products cold chain logistics present situation made contrast research, discusses the problems of the village - developing agricultural cold chain logistics in our country agricultural products cold chain logistics in our country inadequate infrastructure, poor equipment, the third party logistics is less involved, the government in agricultural cold chain logistics less relevant laws and regulations and policy, etc., determine the specific gap existing in the development of agricultural products cold chain logistics in China, in view of the above shortcomings, summing up the experience of the American agricultural products cold chain logistics in our country, and put forward the suitable for our country draw lessons from the advanced experience of the United States the situation of agricultural products cold chain logistics development countermeasures, for the construction and improvement of our agricultural products cold chain logistics system is of great significance.Keywords Agricultural products；China and American;Cold chain logistics ；Status;The comparative study；Countermeasures目录一、我国农产品冷链物流发展现状................................................................... .. (1)（一）农产品冷链物流成本高、技术设施落后 (1)（二）农产品冷链物流供应链存在安全隐患、体系不健全 (1)（三）农产品物流环节多，效率低下 (2)二、美国农产品冷链物流的先进经验................................................................... (2)（一）农产品冷链物流基础设施先进 (2)（二）农产品冷链物流规模化、专业化、社会化程度高 (2)（三）农产品冷链物流组织化程度高 (2)（四）政府宏观调控与市场调节功能健全 (3)三、中美农产品冷链物流的比较和分析......................................................................3（一）冷链物流的设备因素比较 (3)1.冷链物流运输率远低于美国 (3)2.蔬菜水果冷链水平比较 (3)（二）冷链物流的政策环境比较 (4)1.物流标准 (4)2.法律法规 (5)3.政府扶持和监管 (5)（三）冷链物流的市场化程度比较 (5)1.农民专业合作社 (5)2.第三方物流 (5)四、美国农产品冷链物流的发展对我国的启示 (5)（一）加快冷藏运输设备的研发改进, 减少运输耗损 (5)（二）完善冷链物流体系，加大政府指导力度 (6)（三）改造传统物流模式，大力发展第三方物流 (6)（四）加快农产品冷链物流的人才培养和引进 (6)参考文献................................................................... (7)中美农产品冷链物流的比较研究和启示我国每年消费的易腐食品大约为10亿吨左右，其中，需要冷链运输的超过了55%，但是只有12%左右的食品能够实现冷链运输。

The-Cold-Chain-and-its-Logistics冷链及其物流大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文

毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目：冷链及其物流文献、资料英文题目：The Cold Chain and its Logistics 文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院（部）：专业：班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期： 2017.02.14附录AThe Cold Chain and its LogisticsAuthors: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodriguez and Dr. Theo Notteboom1. OverviewWhile Globalization has made the relative distance between regions of the world much smaller, the physical separation of these same regions is still a very important reality. The greater the physical separation, the more likely freight can be damaged in one of the complex transport operations involved. Some goods can be damaged by shocks while others can be damaged by undue temperature variations. For a range of goods labeled as perishables, particularly food, their quality degrades with time since they maintain chemical reactions which rate can be mostly mitigated with lower temperatures. It takes time and coordination to efficiently move a shipment and every delay can have negative consequences, notably if this cargo is perishable. To ensure that cargo does not become damaged or compromised throughout this process, businesses in the pharmaceutical, medical and food industries are increasingly relying on the cold chain technology.The cold chain refers to the transportation of temperature sensitive products along a supply chain through thermal and refrigerated packaging methods and the logistical planning to protect the integrity of these shipments.Specialization has led many companies to not only rely on major shipping service providers such as the United Parcel Service (UPS) and FEDEX, but also more focused industry specialists that have developed a niche logistical expertise around the shipping of temperature sensitive products. The potential to understand local rules, customs and environmental conditions as well as an estimation of the length and time of a distribution route make them an important factor in global trade. As a result, the logistics industry is experiencing a growing level of specialization and segmentation of cold chain shipping in several potential nichemarkets within global commodity chains. Whole new segments of the distribution industry have been very active in taking advantage of the dual development of the spatial extension of supply chains supported by globalization and the significant variety of goods in circulation. From an economic development perspective, the cold chain enables many developing countries to take part in the global perishable products market. From a geographical perspective, the cold chain has the following impacts:•Global. Specialization of agricultural functions permitting the transport of temperature sensitive food products to distant markets. Enables the distribution of vaccines and other pharmaceutical or biological products.•Regional. Can support the specialization of functions and economies of scale, such as specialized laboratories.•Local. Timely distribution to the final consumer, namely grocery stores and restaurants.2. Emergence of Cold Chain LogisticsWhile global commodity chains are fairly modern expansions in the transportation industry, the refrigerated movement of temperature sensitive goods is a practice that dates back to 1797 when British fishermen used natural ice to preserve their fish stock piles. This process was also seen in the late 1800s for the movement of food from rural areas to urban consumption markets, namely dairy products. Cold storage was also a key component of food trade between colonial powers and their colonies. For example, in the late 1870s and early 1880s, France was starting to receive large shipments of frozen meat and mutton carcasses from South America, while Great Britain imported frozen beef from Australia and pork and other meat from New Zealand. By 1910, 600,000 tons of frozen meat was being brought into Great Britain alone. The first reefer ship for the banana trade was introduced in 1903 by the United Food Company. This enabled the banana to move from an exotic fruit that had a small market because it arrived in markets too ripe, to one of the world's most consumed fruit.The temperature controlled movement of pharmaceuticals and medical supplies is a much more modern transit option than the shipping of refrigerated or frozen food. Since the 1950s, logistical third party companies began to emerge and institute new methods for successfully transporting these global commodities. Before their emergence, cold chain processes were mostly managed in house by the manufacturer. In the United States, Food and DrugAdministration restrictions and accountability measures over the stability of the cold chain incited many of these companies to rely on specialty couriers rather than completely overhauling their supply chain facilities. A specialized industry was thus born. The value of the cold chain in the preservation of expensive vaccines and medical supplies was only beginning to be recognized when these logistical providers started to appear. As awareness began to grow, so did the need for efficient management of the cold chain.The reliance on the cold chain continues to gain importance. Within the pharmaceutical industry for instance, the testing, production and movement of drugs relies heavily on controlled and uncompromised transfer of shipments. A large portion of the pharmaceutical products that move along the cold chain are in the experiment or developmental phase. Clinical research and trials is a major part of the industry that costs millions of dollars, but one that also experiences a failure rate of around 80%. According to the Healthcare Distribution Management Association, of the close to 200 billion dollars in pharmaceutical distribution, about 10% are drugs that are temperature sensitive. This makes the cold chain responsible for transporting a near 20 billion dollar investment. If these shipments should experience any unanticipated exposure to variant temperature levels, they run the risk of becoming ineffective or even harmful to patients.Temperature control in the shipment of foodstuffs is a component of the industry that has continued to rise in necessity with international trade. As a growing number of countries focus their export economy around food and produce production, the need to keep these products fresh for extended periods of time has gained in importance. Increasing income levels create a change in diet with amongst others a growing appetite for fresh fruit and higher value foodstuffs such as meat and fish. Persons with higher socioeconomic status and with more economic means are more likely to consume vegetables and fruit, particularly fresh, not only in higher quantities but also in greater variety. Consumers with increasing purchase power have become preoccupied with healthy eating, therefore producers and retailers have responded with an array of exotic fresh fruits originating from around the world.Any major grocery store around the world is likely to carry tangerines from South Africa, apples from New Zealand, bananas from Costa Rica and asparagus from Mexico. Thus, a cold chain industry has emerged to service these commodity chains. In 2002, an estimated 1200 billion dollars' worth of food was transported by a fleet of 400,000 refrigerated containers(Reefers). Alone, the United States imports about 30% of its fruits and vegetables and 20% of its food exports can be considered perishables. The uncompromised quality and safety of this food is often taken for granted, despite being the main reason behind the ability to sell the food. The cold chain serves the function of keeping food fresh for extended periods and eliminating doubts over the quality of the food products. In all the supply chains it is concerned with, cold chain logistics favor higher levels of integration since maintaining temperature integrity requires a higher level of control of all the processes involved. It may even incite third party logistics providers to acquire elements of the supply chain where time and other performance factors are the most important, even farming. This may involve the acquisition of produce farms (e.g. oranges) to insure supply reliability.3. Providing Temperature Controlled EnvironmentsThe success of industries that rely on the cold chain comes down to knowing how to ship a product with temperature control adapted to the shipping circumstances. Different products require different temperature level maintenance to ensure their integrity throughout the travel process. For instance, the most common temperature standards are "banana" (13 °C), "chill"(2 °C), "frozen" (-18 °C) and "deep frozen" (-29 °C). Staying within this temperature is vital to the integrity of a shipment along the supply chain and for perishables it enables to insure and optimal shelf life. Any divergence can result in irrevocable and expensive damage; a product can simply lose any market or useful value.Being able to ensure that a shipment will remain within a temperature range for an extended period of time comes down largely to the type of container that is used and the refrigeration method. Factors such as duration of transit, the size of the shipment and the ambient or outside temperatures experienced are important in deciding what type of packaging is required. They can range from small insulated boxes that require dry ice or gel packs, rolling containers, to a 53 footer reefer which has its own powered refrigeration unit. The major cold chain technologies involve:•Dry ice. Solid carbon dioxide, is about -80°C and is capable of keeping a shipment frozen for an extended period of time. It is particularly used for the shipping ofpharmaceuticals, dangerous goods and foodstuffs. Dry ice does not melt, instead itsublimates when it comes in contact with air.•Gel packs. Large shares of pharmaceutical and medicinal shipments are classified as chilled products, which means they must be stored in a temperature range between 2 and 8°C. The common method to provide this temperature is to use gel packs, or packages that contain phase changing substances that can go from solid to liquid and vice versa tocontrol an environment. Depending on the shipping requirements, these packs can either start off in a frozen or refrigerated state. Along the transit process they melt to liquids, while at the same time capturing escaping energy and maintaining an internal temperature.•Eutectic plates. The principle is similar to gel packs. Instead, plates are filled with a liquid and can be reused many times.•Liquid nitrogen. An especially cold substance, of about -196°C, used to keep packages frozen over a long period of time. Mainly used to transport biological cargo such astissues and organs. It is considered as an hazardous substance for the purpose oftransportation.•Quilts. Insulated pieces that are placed over or around freight to act as buffer intemperature variations and to maintain the temperature relatively constant. Thus, frozen freight will remain frozen for a longer time period, often long enough not to justify the usage of more expensive refrigeration devices. Quilts can also be used to keeptemperature sensitive freight at room temperature while outside conditions cansubstantially vary (e.g. during the summer or the winter).•Reefers. Generic name for a temperature controlled container, which can be a van, small truck, a semi or a standard ISO container. These containers, which are insulated, are specially designed to allow temperature controlled air circulation maintained by anattached and independent refrigeration plant. The term increasingly apply to refrigerated forty foot ISO containers.Perishable or temperature sensitive items are carried in refrigerated containers (called "reefers"), that account for a growing share of the refrigerated cargo being transported around the world. While in 1980 33% of the refrigerated transport capacity in maritime shipping was containerized, this share rapidly climbed to 47% in 1990, 68% in 2000 and 90% in 2010. About 1.69 million TEUs of reefers were being used by 2009. All reefers are painted white to increase the albedo (share of the incident light being reflected; high albedo implies less solar energy absorbed by the surface) with the dominant size being 40 high-cube footers (45R1being the size and type code). For instance a low albedo container can have its internal temperature increase to 50 °C when the external temperature reaches 25 °C on a sunny day while a high albedo container see its internal temperature increase to only 38 °C under the same conditions.The refrigeration unit of a reefer requires an electric power source during transportation and at a container yard. Regular containerships have 10 to 20% of their slots adapted to carry reefers, with some ships having up to 25% of their slots being dedicated. It is important to underline that the refrigeration units are designed to maintain the temperature within a prefixed range, not to cool it down. This implies that the shipment must be brought to the required temperature before being loaded into a reefer, which requires specialized warehousing and loading / unloading facilities. A new generation of reefers is coming online, which are equipped with an array of sensors monitoring effectively the temperature and shutting the cooling plant when unnecessary. This enables to improve the reliability of temperature control and well as extend the autonomy of the reefer.The growth of the intermodal transportation of reefers has increasingly required transport terminals, namely ports, to dedicate a part of their storage yards to reefers. This accounts between 1% to 5% of the total terminal capacity, but can be higher for transshipment hubs. The stacking requirements simply involve having an adjacent power outlet, but the task is more labor intensive as each container must be plugged and unplugged manually and the temperature to be monitored regularly as it is the responsibility of the terminal operator to insure that the reefers keep their temperature within preset ranges. This may also forbid the usage of an overhead gantry crane implying that the reefer stacking area can be serviced by different equipment. Even if reefers involve higher terminal costs, they are very profitable due to the high value commodities they transport.4. The Setting and Organization of Cold ChainsMoving a shipment across the supply chain without suffering any setbacks or temperature anomalies requires the establishment of a comprehensive logistical process the maintain the shipment integrity. This process concerns several phases ranging from the preparation of the shipments to final verification of the integrity of the shipment at the delivery point:•Shipment preparation. When a temperature sensitive product is being moved, it is vital to first assess its characteristics. A key issue concerns the temperature conditioning of the shipment, which should be already at the desired temperature. Cold chain devices are commonly designed to keep a temperature constant, but not to bring a shipment to this temperature, so they would be unable to perform adequately if a shipment is not prepared and conditioned. Other concerns include the destination of the shipment and the weather conditions for those regions, such as if the shipment will be exposed to extreme cold or heat along the transport route.•Modal choice. Several key factors play into how the shipment will be moved. Distance between the origin and the final destination (which often includes a set of intermediary locations), the size and weight of the shipment, the required exterior temperature environment and any time restrictions of the product all effect the available transportation options. Short distances can be handled with a van or truck, while a longer trip may require an airplane or a container ship.•Custom procedures. If the freight crosses boundaries, custom procedures can become very important, since cold chain products tend to be time sensitive and more subject to inspection than regular freight (e.g. pharmaceuticals and biological samples). The difficulty of this task differs depending on the nation (or economic bloc) and the gateway since there are variations in procedures and delays.•The "Last Mile". The last stage is the actual delivery of the shipment to its destination, which in logistics is often known as the “last mile”. Key considerations when arranging a final delivery concern not only the destination, but the timing. Trucks and vans, the primary modes of transportation for this stage, must meet the specifications necessary to transfer the cold chain shipment. Also important is the final transfer of the shipment into the storage facilities as there is potential for a breach of integrity.•Integrity and quality assurance. After the shipment has been delivered, any temperature recording devices or known temperature anomalies must be recorded and made known. This is the step of the logistical process that creates trust and accountability, particularly if liability for a damaged shipment is incurred. If problems or anomalies that compromise a shipment do occur, an effort must be made to identify the source and find corrective actions.Therefore, the setting and operation of cold chains is dependent on the concerned supply chains since each cargo unit to be carried has different requirements in terms of demand, load integrity and transport integrity.5. Food TransportationThere is a variety of methods for the transport of food products with the banana accounting for the world's most significant commodity transported in the food cold chain with 20% of all seaborne reefers trade. Land, sea and air modes all have different structures for keeping food fresh throughout the transport chain. Innovations in packaging, fruit and vegetable coatings, bioengineering (controlled ripening), and other techniques reducing the deterioration of food products have helped shippers extend the reach of perishable products. For food products such as fruits and vegetables, time has a direct impact on their shelf life and therefore on the potential revenue a consignment may generate. Concomitantly, new transport technologies have permitted the shipment of perishable products over longer distances. For instance, improved roads and intermodal connections along the African coast reduced transport time for food to European markets from 10 days to 4 days.Certain domestic or transnational supply chains may only require one transportation mode, but many times ground shipments are one link in a combination of transport modes. This makes intermodal transfer critical for the cold chain. Intermodal shipments typically use either 20 or 40 footers refrigerated containers that are capable of holding up to 26 tons of food. The container makes loading and unloading periods shorter and less susceptible to experiencing damage. The environments in these containers are currently controlled electronically by either plugging into a generator or power source on the ship or truck, but early food shipments would cycle air from stores of wet or dry ice to keep the food refrigerated. The efficiency of cold chain logistics permitted the consolidation of cold storage facilities.Moving away from ice refrigeration has allowed for much greater distances to be traveled and has greatly increased the size of the global food market, enabling many developing countries to capture new opportunities. Another efficient mode for transporting foodstuffs is air travel. While this is a preferred form of travel for highly perishable and valuable goods due to its ability to move much faster over longer distances, it does lack the environment control and transfer ease of the ground and sea transports. Also, during the flight the cargo is stored ina 15°C – 20°C environment, but close to 80% of the time the package is exposed to exterior weather while waiting to be loaded onto the plane or being moved to and from the airfield. This is troubling considering the value of the food and the importance placed behind quality and freshness. In order for this form of food transport to experience growth among market users, more uncompromising strategies and regulations will have to be embraced and enacted. Food transportation is an industry that has fully adapted to the cold chain and can, despite the problems with air transport, be considered the most resilient, particularly since a large majority of food products have a better tolerance to temporary variations of transport temperatures. As a result, small errors can be compounded without the concern of irreversible damage. For instance, for the transportation of produces, for every hour of delay in the pre-cooling of shipments, an equivalent one day loss of shelf life must be accounted. The usage of refrigerated containers has particularly helped, since they account for more than 50% of all the refrigerated cargo transported in the world. Source loading can be an important factor extending the shelf life of a cold chain product since it is loaded in a reefer directly at the place of production without additional handling. For instance, source loading into a reefer can expand the shelf life of chilled meat by about 25 days (from 30-35 days to 55-60 days) from conventional methods and thus considerably expand the market potential of the product.The efficiency and reliability of temperature controlled transportation has reached a point which allows the food industry to take advantage of global seasonable variations, meaning that during the winter the southern hemisphere can export perishable goods to the northern hemisphere while an opposite trade, generally of smaller scale, takes place during the summer. Countries such as Chile have substantially benefited from this and have developed an active agricultural and food transformation industry mainly servicing the North American market during the winter, but also with several niche markets such as wine. A similar issue concerns some African countries such as Kenya that have developed a fresh produce and flower industries catering the European market. The fast food industry is also an active user of cold chain logistics as every outlet can be considered as a factory, with dozens of workers with schedules and shifts, inventory management and the supply chain of components (many of which are temperature sensitive), and which are assembly lines producing quality-controlled and high-volume products.附录B冷链及其物流作者：Jean-Paul Rodriguez 博士和Theo Notteboom 博士1．概观虽然全球化使世界小得多的地区之间的相对距离，这些地区的物理分离仍是一个非常重要的现实。

海南省冷链物流发展现状及对策研究-毕业论文

---文档均为word文档，下载后可直接编辑使用亦可打印--- 摘要：本文以海南省为研究对象，在客观分析海南省冷链物流现状的基础上，深入挖掘海南省冷链物流存在的突出问题。

研究发现问题主要表现在冷链物流基础设施建设、监管机制、信息化应用和冷链物流人才这些方面。

因此，提出了以冷链物流基础设施为基础，以信息技术为依托，通过校企合作等方式来培养专业化的冷链物流人才，同时强化行业标准，加强行业监管等建议。

以期为海南省的冷链物流发展提供一些指导和参考，以促进海南省冷链物流更快更好地发展。

关键词：海南省；冷链物流；问题及对策Research on the current situation and Countermeasures of cold chainlogistics in Hainan ProvinceAbstract: This paper takes hainan province as the research object, and based on the objective analysis of the status quo of cold chain logistics in hainan province, deeply explores the prominent problems existing in cold chain logistics in hainan province. The research finds that the problems are mainly manifested in the aspects of cold chain logistics infrastructure construction, supervision mechanism, information application and cold chain logistics talents. Therefore, Suggestions are put forward to train specialized cold-chain logistics talents through school-enterprise cooperation based on cold-chain logistics infrastructure and information technology, and to strengthen industrial standards and supervision. It is hoped that this study can provide some guidance and reference for the development of cold chain logistics in hainan province, so as to promote the faster and better development of cold chain logistics in hainan province.Key words: Hainan Province; cold chain logistics; problems and Countermeasures1 绪论1.1 研究背景及目的2018年，海南全省物流总额为7453亿元，增长了7.11%。

冷库设计毕业论文

冷库设计毕业论文冷库设计毕业论文随着现代物流业的迅速发展，冷链物流作为一种重要的供应链管理方式，越来越受到人们的关注。

冷库作为冷链物流的核心环节，其设计与建设的合理性直接影响着冷链物流的运作效率和产品质量。

因此，冷库设计成为了一个备受关注的研究领域。

一、冷库设计的背景和意义冷库设计的背景是现代冷链物流的快速发展。

随着人们对食品安全和质量的要求越来越高，冷链物流在食品、医药、化工等行业中的应用越来越广泛。

冷链物流的核心环节就是冷库，它能够为商品提供恒定的低温环境，保持产品的新鲜度和质量。

因此，冷库设计的合理性对于保障冷链物流的顺利进行至关重要。

二、冷库设计的基本原则1. 温度控制：冷库的设计应该能够提供恒定的低温环境，确保产品在储存过程中的质量和安全。

温度控制是冷库设计的核心要素之一，需要考虑到不同商品的储存温度要求，并采取相应的措施来实现温度的精确控制。

2. 空气流通：冷库内部的空气流通对于产品的保鲜和防止霉变非常重要。

冷库设计应该合理安排通风设备和空气循环系统，确保冷空气能够均匀地分布到各个角落，提供良好的空气质量。

3. 能源节约：冷库的设计应该考虑到能源的节约和环保性。

合理选择冷库的保温材料、制冷设备和节能设备，优化能源利用效率，减少能源消耗和对环境的影响。

三、冷库设计的关键技术1. 保温材料的选择：冷库的保温材料直接影响着冷库的保温效果和节能性能。

常用的保温材料有聚氨酯泡沫板、挤塑聚苯乙烯板等，设计师需要根据不同的需求选择合适的保温材料。

2. 制冷设备的选型：制冷设备是冷库设计中的重要环节，直接影响着冷库的制冷效果和能源消耗。

设计师需要根据冷库的规模和储存需求选择合适的制冷设备，并合理布局，以确保制冷效果的稳定和节能性能的优化。

3. 控制系统的设计：冷库的控制系统是实现温度控制和空气流通的关键。

设计师需要根据冷库的需求选择合适的控制系统，并合理布置传感器和执行器，以实现对温度、湿度和空气流通的精确控制。

物流专业论文报告我国冷链物流发展对策探讨

我国冷链物流发展对策探讨1 前言1.1 研究背景及意义冷链跟人们的生活息息相关，冷链物流的对象都是人们日常的食品，所需的药品等，我们称的冷链物流是指冷藏冷冻类食品在生产、贮藏运输、销售，到消费前的各个环节中始终处于规定的低温环境下，以保证食品质量，减少食品损耗的一项系统工程。

它是随着科学技术的进步、制冷技术的发展而建立起来的，是以冷冻工艺学为基础、以制冷技术为手段的低温物流过程。

冷链物流的适用范围包括：初级农产品：蔬菜、水果；肉、禽、蛋；水产品、花卉产品。

加工食品：速冻食品、禽、肉、水产等包装熟食、冰淇淋和奶制品；快餐原料。

特殊商品：药品。

由于食品冷链是以保证易腐食品品质为目的，以保持低温环境为核心要求的供应链系统，所以它比一般常温物流系统的要求更高、更复杂，建设投资也要大很多，是一个庞大的系统工程。

由于易腐食品的时效性要求冷链各环节具有更高的组织协调性，所以，食品冷链的运作始终是和能耗成本相关联的，有效控制运作成本与食品冷链的发展密切相关。

我国是农业大国，果蔬产业在国内已成为仅次于粮食、生产总值占第二、三位的农村经济支柱产业。

有数据显示，我国果品种植面积已占世界果品种植面积的18%，果品年产量占世界果品总产量的13%，蔬菜种植面积占世界蔬菜种植面积的35%，蔬菜年产量占世界蔬菜总产量的40%。

据联合国粮农组织统计，我国果品总产量位居世界前五位，其中，我国苹果产量居第一位，占世界苹果总产量的37.1%，柑橘占世界甘橘总产量的9.9%，居世界第三位1。

根据中国食品工业协会资料显示, 中国由于冷链的问题造成每年约有1200万吨水果和1.3亿吨蔬菜的浪费, 总值在100亿美元。

这些数字1赵崎，2007：《谈谈冷链物流》，国际市场03期：第68-69页。

的真实性有多少我们暂时不去追究, 但是由于不按照国家有关食品冷藏冷冻的规范来操作需要冷链物流的食品是一个事实, 非正式的统计约有80%左右的水果、蔬菜、肉类和水产以传统的车厢（常温和保温车）进行运输2。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

河北经贸大学经济管理学院毕业论文中美农产品冷链物流的比较研究和启示

专业名称: 国际经济与贸易班级：C 国贸 11-5 学生姓名：XXX 指导教师：XXX 完成时间：2015 年 3月 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

精品资料摘要

近年来，我国农产品的产量不断增长。随着水果蔬菜、肉类等农产品的市场的需求日益增加，以及人们对于农产品的高质量的要求和对高品质生活的追求，农产品冷链物流体系的建设变得更加迫切。农产品冷链物流在国外发达国家如加拿大、日本、美国等已经发展成熟，形成了较为完整的冷链物流体系，然而在我国起步晚，市场规模小。我国农产品在物流过程中的损耗大、成本高，严重影响到了我国农产品的质量安全和农产品的品质。本文分析了我国农产品冷链物流的发展现状，从我国和美国农产品冷链物流比较的视角出发，对美国和我国农产品冷链物流现状做了对比研究，探讨了我国农产品冷链物流发展中村子的问题----我国的农产品冷链物流基础设施不足，设备落后，第三方物流较少介入，政府在农产品冷链物流方面制定的相关法规与政策比较少等等，确定了我国农产品冷链物流发展中存在的具体差距，针对以上不足，总结美国农产品冷链物流对我国的经验教训，并借鉴美国的先进经验提出了适合我国国情的农产品冷链物流发展的对策，这对于建设和完善我国农产品冷链物流体系有着重大的意义。

关键词农产品；中美；冷链物流；现状；对比研究；对策 Abstract ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 精品资料 In recent years, our country agricultural product production increasing. As the fruits and vegetables, meat and other agricultural products market demand is increasing, and people to the requirement of agricultural products of high quality and the pursuit of high quality life, agricultural cold chain logistics system construction is becoming more urgent. Agricultural products cold chain logistics in foreign developed countries such as Canada, Japan, the United States has grown up, formed a relatively complete system of cold chain logistics, late in our country, however, the market is small. Big loss, in the process of agricultural products in China logistics cost is high, the serious influence to our country agricultural product quality safety and quality of agricultural products.

This paper analyzes the situation of agricultural products cold chain logistics in China, from the perspective of our country and the United States agricultural cold chain logistics is, to the United States and China's agricultural products cold chain logistics present situation made contrast research, discusses the problems of the village - developing agricultural cold chain logistics in our country agricultural products cold chain logistics in our country inadequate infrastructure, poor equipment, the third party logistics is less involved, the government in agricultural cold chain logistics less relevant laws and regulations and policy, etc., determine the specific gap existing in the development of agricultural products cold chain logistics in China, in view of the above shortcomings, summing up the experience of the American agricultural products cold chain logistics in our country, and put forward the suitable for our country draw lessons from the advanced experience of the United States the situation of agricultural products cold chain logistics development countermeasures, for the construction and improvement of our ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 精品资料 agricultural products cold chain logistics system is of great significance.

Keywords Agricultural products；China and American;Cold chain logistics ；Status;The comparative study；Countermeasures

一、我国农产品冷链物流发展现状..............................................................................1 （一）农产品冷链物流成本高、技术设施落后..........................1 （二）农产品冷链物流供应链存在安全隐患、体系不健全................1 （三）农产品物流环节多，效率低下..................................2 二、美国农产品冷链物流的先进经验..........................................................................2 （一）农产品冷链物流基础设施先进..................................2 （二）农产品冷链物流规模化、专业化、社会化程度高..................2 （三）农产品冷链物流组织化程度高..................................2 （四）政府宏观调控与市场调节功能健全..............................3 三、中美农产品冷链物流的比较和分析......................................................................3 （一）冷链物流的设备因素比较..................................3 1.冷链物流运输率远低于美国....................................3 2.蔬菜水果冷链水平比较........................................3 （二）冷链物流的政策环境比较 .....................................4 1.物流标准....................................................4 2.法律法规....................................................5 3.政府扶持和监管..............................................5 （三）冷链物流的市场化程度比较....................................5 1.农民专业合作社..............................................5 2.第三方物流..................................................5 四、美国农产品冷链物流的发展对我国的启示.........................................................5 （一）加快冷藏运输设备的研发改进, 减少运输耗损.................... 5 （二）完善冷链物流体系，加大政府指导力度...........................6