Nomenclature for Inorganic Ions and Ligands

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无机和有机化合物英文命名[化学专业大学生必备-考研必备]

Fe2+ Iron(II)
OR
Ferrous
ferric 英['ferik] 美
Fe3+ Iron(III)
or
Ferric
['fɛrɪk]
Cr2+ Chromium(II)
adj.铁的,含铁的,(正)
Cr3+ Chromium(III)
铁的,三价铁的
Mn4+ Manganese(IV) Mn2+ Manganese(II)
-,ni:s]
美 ['mæŋɡə,niz,
-,nis] n.<化>锰
2. 化合物的命名
化合物的命名顺序都是根据化学式从左到右读，这
Manganese ['mæŋɡəni:z]锰
zinc [zɪŋk] n.〈化〉锌 mercury ['mə:kjuri] n.汞, 水银
与中文读法顺序是相反的。表示原子个数时使用前缀 Mercury ['mə:kjuri] n.水星
—3—
Naming metal ions (cations) for metal oxides, bases and salts
cations 阳离子 anions 阴离子
1. Single valence ions
Cation’s name = Element
For example: Na+ Sodium K+ Potassium
第一章无机化合物的命名
Chapter 1. Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds
1. 元素与单质的命名
“元素”和“单质”的英文意思都是“element”,有时为了区别，强调“单质”时可用“free element”。因此，单质的英文名称与元素的英文名称是一样的。下面给出的既是元素名称，同时又是单质的名称。

专业英语作业Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry

Lesson 6N omenclature of Inorganic Chemistry（无机命名法则）The IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry is a systematic method of naming inorganic chemical compounds, as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). Ideally, every inorganic compound should have a name from which an unambiguous formula can be determined.译文：无机化学国际纯粹与应用化学联合会命名法是国际纯粹与应用化学联合会（IUPAC）推荐的系统命名无机化合物。

理想上，每一个无机化合物都应该有一个从中可确定的名称的明确的法则。

The names "caffeine" and "3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione" both signify the same chemical. The systematic name encodes the structure and composition of the caffeine molecule in some detail, and provides an unambiguous reference to this compound, whereas the name "caffeine" just names it. These advantages make the systematic name far superior to the common name when absolute clarity and precision are required. However, for the sake of brevity, even professional chemists will use the non-systematic name almost all of the time, because caffeine is a well-known common chemical with a unique structure. Similarly, H2O is most often simply called water in English, though other chemical names do exist.译文：名称“咖啡因”和“3,7 -二氢- 1 ,3,7 -三甲基氢嘌呤- 2 ,6 -二酮”描述着同样的化学物质。

NOMENCLATUREOFORGANICCOMPOUNDS

NOMENCLATURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS©2010, 2003, 1980, by David A. Katz. All rights reserved.Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon compounds. Carbon has the ability to bond with itself to form long chains and, as a result, millions of compounds from simple hydrocarbons to large biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. Originally it was believed that these compounds had to come from a living organism, now they are synthesized in the laboratory.The simplest organic compounds are composed of carbon and hydrogen and are known as hydrocarbons. There are four types, or classes, of hydrocarbons:Alkanes: contain all C-C single bonds. These are known as saturated hydrocarbons . Alkenes: contain at least one C=C double bond.Alkynes: contain at least one C ≡C triple bond. Both alkenes and alkynes are known as unsaturated hydrocarbonsAromatic hydrocarbons: contain a benzene structureLewis structures of alkanes look like this:These are also called structural formulas. Since these take up a lot of space, condensed structural formulas are used.Even simpler than condensed structures are skeletal or line structures:There are a range of structures used to represent organic compounds:Before we start naming organic compounds, it is important to understand how carbon atoms are bonded. Every carbon atom will try to form 4 bonds.A carbon atom on the end of a chain of single bonded carbon atoms will be bonded toone carbon atom and three hydrogen atoms:H∣ ∣- C - C - H∣ ∣HA carbon atom in the middle of a chain of single bonded carbon atoms will be bonded to two carbon atoms and two hydrogen atoms.A carbon atom bonded to 3 other single bonded carbon atoms will be bonded to one hydrogen.A carbon atom on the end of a chain that is double bonded to another carbon atom be bonded to two hydrogen atoms.A carbon atom in the middle of a chain of that is double bonded to another carbon atom will be bonded to one carbon atom and one hydrogen atom.A carbon atom on the end of a chain that is triple bonded to another carbon atom will be bonded to one hydrogen atom. The second carbon atom in that chain is only bonded to another carbon atom, but no hydrogen atoms.I. Naming Saturated Hydrocarbons - The AlkanesThe names of the alkanes are derived from the Greek prefix for the particular number of carbon atoms in the compound with an -ane ending. The names of the first ten alkanes are given in the following table.H ∣ ∣ ∣ - C - C - C - ∣ ∣ ∣H ∣ ∣ ∣- C - C - C - ∣ ∣ ∣ - C - ∣ H ∣ / - C = C ∣ \ HH ∣ ∣ ∣ - C - C - C - ∣ ∣ ∣ H H H ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ - C - C = C - C - ∣ ∣∣- C - C ≡ C - H ∣Not all the alkanes are straight chained compounds, as shown in the previous table, they can have side chains or branches. These variations of compounds which have the same number of carbon and hydrogen atoms, but a different arrangement are known as isomers. Some isomers are shown in the diagram below.Rules for Naming of Branched Hydrocarbons.There are four parts to the name of a branched hydrocarbon1.The parent chain: Tells how many carbons are in the longest continuous chain.meth = 1 eth = 2 prop = 3 but = 4 pent = 52.The suffix: Tells what type of compound it is.ane = an alkane ene = an alkene yne = an alkyne3.The prefix: Tells what groups, or branches are attached to the parent chain.methyl = - CH3 ethyl = - CH2- CH3 propyl = -CH2-CH2-CH34.The location: Tells where groups, or branches, are attached to the parent chain.2 = 2ndcarbon atom 3 = 3rdcarbon atom 4 = 4thcarbon atomNote: alkyl groups, or branches cannot be located on the 1stor last carbonExample 1:CH3-CH-CH2-CH-CH3∣∣CH3 CH31.Select as the parent chain the LONGEST CONTINUOUS CHAIN of carbon atoms. Thecompound is considered to have been derived from the parent structure by the replacement of hydrogens by various alkyl groups.CH3-CH-CH2-CH-CH3∣∣CH3 CH3The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms in this example contains five carbon atoms.Since the carbon atoms in this compound all contain The alkane that contains five carbon atoms is pentane.2.Identify the branches, or side chains, attached to the parent chain.CH3-CH-CH2-CH-CH3∣∣CH3 CH3Both branches consist of single carbon atoms, there are called methyl groups3.Starting from either end of the longest carbon chain, number the carbon atoms in the parentchain consecutively so that the alkyl groups (or branches) are attached to the carbon atoms with the lowest possible numbers.1 2 3 4 5CH3-CH-CH2-CH-CH3∣∣CH3 CH3For this compound, it makes no difference which end you start the numbering. In both cases the alkyl groups, or branches are attached to the second and fourth carbon atoms in the parent chain. the compound in order of: number of carbon atom-alkyl group attached(number ofcarbon atom-alkyl group attached- etc...) name of parent compound. If there are several different alkyl groups attached to the parent chain, name them in order of increasing size or in alphabetical order.The name for this compound looks like it would be called would be called 2-methyl-4-methylpentane, however, all branches with the same name are grouped together. The number of these branches have a prefix:di = 2 tri = 3 tetra = 4 penta = 5But, each branch needs a specified location, so, the correct name is 2,4-dimethylpentaneExample 2CH3 CH3∣∣CH3- CH-CH2-CH-CH-CH2-CH3∣CH2-CH2-CH3In this compound, the longest continuous chain is 8 carbon atoms long. Note that thelongest continuous chain does not have to be straight. This longest chain is oct- (for 8carbons)All the bonds are single bonds, so this is an alkane. The suffix is -aneThis parent chain is octaneCH3 CH3∣∣CH3- CH-CH2-CH-CH-CH2-CH3∣CH2-CH2-CH3There are three branches attached to the parent chain. Two of these are methyl groupsand one is an ethyl group.Number the carbon atoms, so that the groups are attached to the carbon atoms with thelowest possible numbers.CH3 CH3∣∣CH3- CH-CH2-CH-CH-CH2-CH31 2 3 4 5∣CH2-CH2-CH36 7 8The two methyl groups in this compound are attached on the 2nd and 4th carbon atoms andthe ethyl group is attached to the 5th carbon atom.This compound is named 5-ethyl-2,4-dimethyloctane. Note that the branches are namedin alphabetical order.II. Naming Unsaturated Hydrocarbons – Alkenes and AlkynesRules for Naming Alkenes and AlkynesAlkenes contain at least one carbon to carbon double bond. The suffix used is –ene.Alkynes contain at least one carbon to carbon triple bond. The suffix used is –yne.Naming is the same as used for alkanes, except that the parent structure is the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms that contains the carbon-carbon double bond or triple bond. The name is derived by changing the suffix of the corresponding alkane name to –ene for an alkene and –yne for an alkyne and a number is added to denote the location of the multiple bond.Example:CH3-CH=CH-CH3The longest continuous chain in this compound contains four carbon atoms. The parentstructure would be named but + ene (to denote the double bond)Number the carbon atoms in' the longest chain in such a way that the carbon atoms containing the double bond have the lowest possible numbers.1 2 3 4CH3-CH=CH-CH3For this compound, the numbering should start on the left side so the double bond will be located between carbon atom no. 2 and carbon atom no. 3. Although the double bond involves two carbon atoms, its position is designated by the number of the first doubly-bonded carbon atom when numbering from the end of the parent chain nearest the double bond. So, this compound would be named 2-butene.Example:CH3-CH2-CH=CH2In this compound the double bond is located between the 1st and 2nd carbon atoms.The compound is named 1-butene.Example:CH3-CH=CH-CH=CH2The longest continuous chain in this compound contains five carbon atoms. The parent structure would be named pent- however, the compound contains two carbon-carbon double bonds. The number of double bonds, if greater than 1, is denoted by a prefix added to the suffix.di = 2 tri = 3 tetra = 4The p[aren’t chain is named pentadiene Note that an “a” is added to the name to make it easier to pronounce.Number the carbon atoms in' the longest chain in such a way that the carbon atoms containing the double bond have the lowest possible numbers.5 4 3 2 1CH3-CH=CH-CH=CH2For this compound, the numbering should start on the right side so the double bonds will be located between carbon atom no. 1 and carbon atom no. 2 and carbon atom no. 3 and carbon atom no. 4. The name of the compound is 1,3-pentadieneExampleCH3-CH2-C≡CHThe longest continuous chain in this compound contains four carbon atoms. The parent structure would be named but + yne (to denote the triple bond)Number the carbon atoms in' the longest chain in such a way that the carbon atoms containingthe triple bond have the lowest possible numbers.4 3 2 1CH3-CH2-C≡CHFor this compound, the numbering should start on the right side so the triple bond will be located between carbon atom no. 1 and carbon atom no. 2. This compound would be named 1-butyne.If the compound is branched, the name is determined similar to that used for the alkanes.Example. CH-CH-CH=CH-CH33∣CH3This compound is named 4-methyl-2-pentene. Note that the double bond takes precedence innaming.III. Naming Aromatic CompoundsAromatic Compounds are cyclic hydrocarbons containing a benzene structure.Benzene can be represented by the resonance structures:The actual structure of benzene, however, is a resonance hybrid of these two structureusually written as:Benzene rings can be fused together. These compounds have common names.Naphthalene AnthraceneAn aromatic compound which is formed by having an alkyl group attached to a benzene ringis named by prefixing the alkyl group name to the word benzene. An example of this isnamed methylbenzene or tolueneIf there are only two groups attached to the benzene ring, their relative positions can bedesignated by numbers or by the terms ortho, meta. or para, abbreviated o-, m-, or p-.1,2-dinitrobenzene 1,3-dinitrobenzene 1,4-dinitrobenzeneortho-dinitrobenzene meta-dinitrobenzene para-dinitrobenzeneOrtho = the 1 and 2 positions on the ring (adjacent carbon atoms)Meta = the 1 and 3 positions on the ring (alternate carbon atoms)Para = the 1 and 4 positions on the ring (opposite carbon atoms)IV. Naming Functional Group CompoundsDerivatives are formed by replacing one or more of the hydrogens in a hydrocarbon by a FUNCTIONAL GROUP. The functional group is responsible for giving what is ordinarily an inactive compound the characteristic chemical and physical properties of another class of compounds.A.Halogen Derivatives of HydrocarbonsFunctional Group: - X (F, Cl, Br, I)General Formula: R-XNaming of HalidesHalogens attached to a hydrocarbon chain are named by replacing the -ine ending of the halogen name with –o. When naming a compound, halogens are named in the same manner as alkyl group branches.Examples: Cl Br∣∣CH3-Br CH3CH2-I CH3CHCH3 CH3CH2CHCH2-Br bromomethane iodoethane 2-chloropropane 1,2-dibromobutaneB. Oxygen Derivatives of the HydrocarbonsThese functional group compounds contain at least one oxygen atom in its structure.1. AlcoholsFunctional Group: -OHGeneral Formula: R-OHNaming of alcohols:Number the-longest carbon chain so that the -OH group is attached to the carbon atom with the lowest possible number. Name the parent compound by using the alkane name and replacing the -e ending with an -ol ending. Indicate the position of the hydroxyl. group with a number in any alcohol containing three or more carbon atoms.Examples:OH∣CH3OH CH3CH2OH CH3CH2CH2OH CH3CHCH3methanol ethanol 1-propanol 2-propanol(methyl alcohol) (ethyl alcohol) (propyl alcohol) (isopropyl alcohol)OH Aromatic alcohols are called phenols and contain the structure:2. EthersFunctional Group: -O-General formula: R-O-RNaming of ethersEthers are commonly named by naming each group attached to the oxygen followed by the word ether. If one group has no simple name, the ether can be named as an alkoxy derivative of the larger group.Examples:CH3-O-CH3 CH3-O-CH2CH3 CH3CH2-O-CH2CH3dimethyl ether methyl ethyl ether diethyl ether(methoxymethane) (methoxyethane) (ethoxyethane)3. Carbonyl CompoundsCarbonyl compounds all contain a = OThis includes several types of compounds:AldehydesKetonesCarboxylic acidsEstersAmidesa) AldehydesO⎪Functional Group: -C-HO⎪General formula: R-C-H or shorthand as -CHO (The oxygen is bonded to a terminal carbon atom)Naming of aldehydes:Number the-longest carbon chain starting with the -CHO group. Name the parent compound by using the alkane name and replacing the -e ending with an -al ending.Examples:O O⎪⎪H-C-H CH3-C-Hmethanal ethanal(methyl aldehyde) (ethyl aldehyde also known as acetaldehyde)b) KetonesO⎪Functional Group: -C-O⎪General formula: R-C-R (The oxygen is bonded to a carbon atom in the middle of the chain)Naming of Ketones:Number the-longest carbon chain starting so that the –C=O group is attached to the carbon atom with the lowest number. Name the parent compound by using the alkane name and replacing the -e ending with an -one ending.Examples:O O⎪⎪CH3-C-CH3 CH3-C-CH2-CH3propanone 2-butanone(dimethyl ketone or (methylethyl ketone)acetone)c) Carboxylic acidsO⎪Functional Group: -C-OHO⎪General formula: R-C-OH or shorthand as -COOH (The carboxyl group is bonded to a terminal carbon atom)Naming of acids:Number the-longest carbon chain starting with the -COOH group. Name the parent compound by using the alkane name and replacing the -e ending with an –oic acid ending.Examples:O O⎪⎪H-C-OH CH3-C-OHmethanoic acid ethanoic acid(formic acid) (acetic acid)d) EstersAn ester is formed from the combination of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. They are oftenhighly aromatic compounds and are used for flavors and fragrances.O⎪Functional Group: -C-O-O⎪General formula: R-C-O-R’ (The R’ may be the same or different from R)Naming of estersEsters are usually named by naming the R’ group [from an alcohol] as an akyl group first followed by the acid name [the R-C group] with ending -oate. Esters are often called by their common names.Examples of esters and their flavor/odor properties are given in the table below.e) AmidesO⎪⎪Functional Group: -C-N:⎪O⎪General formula: R-C-NH2Naming of AmidesAmides are commonly named similar to a carboxylic acid, replacing the –oic acid suffix with amide.Examples:O O⎪⎪H-C-NH2 CH3-C-NH2formamide ethanamide(methylamide) (ethylamide or acetamide)A summary of the functional group compounds, their structures and names is listed in tables on the next two pages.。

nomenclature of inorganic chemistry共18页

Any other such metals?
Most of the transition metals and the metals of groups IVA and VA, such as Ti, Cr, Sn, Pb, Bi …
Ion Na+ Ca2+ Fe2+ Fe3+ Cu+ Cu2+ NH4+
Hg22+
Name sodium calcium iron (II) iron (III) copper (I) copper (II) ammonium mercury(I) or mercurous
Naming ionic compoumds
If the anion is monatomic its elemental name is modified to end in “-ide”.
Ion ClOBrOIOPO23-
Name hypochlorite hypobromite hypoiodite hypophosphite
Several special oxoanions
SiO32PO3-
P2O32P2O74-
metasilicate metaphosphate
interplay
intermediate
macroscopic macromolecule
mesopore
mesoscale
micrometer microfiltration
premix
prepare
polysaccharide polyester
pyrochemical pyrolysis
semitenchnical semipermeable

化学化工专业英语课文翻译第八课8.2.

8 . 2 introductionMastering chemical nomenclature is little different from learning a new language, such as German . In order to understand the German scientific literature , you must , e . g , learn that the compound H2 is called Wasserstoff .English-speaking chemists call it hydrogen . Your task now is to memorize the names of enough compounds and become sufficiently familiar with the several systems of naming compounds that chemistry ceases to be a " foreign language .The first thing to learn about naming chemical compounds is that there is usually more than one way to do it . We begin with the simplest system , in which a trivial name , 1 . e . , one that has no sensible origin , is assigned to a compound .Some examples areSome names , such as quicklime for CaO , derive from the origin of the compoundin this case , limestone , CaCO3 Such word origins are often remembered only by etymologists , but the names have persisted for so long that they are an established part of the language . Can you imagine anyone seriously asking for a drink of dihydrogen oxide ? The word water serves the purpose much better .As we come to less common and more complex compounds , the use of trivial names gives way to a more systematic approach． If there are only two elements in the compound , it is customary to name the more metallic element first and the less metallic , or more electronegative , element second , with the suffix “- ide , , . Some examples areFor compounds containing still only two elements but more than two atoms , the pre fixes " mono -， , , " di -” , " tri 一， , etc , become necessary . Some examples of such compounds are the oxides of nitrogen . Another such series is that of the oxide of chlorine .Because chlorine , like nitrogen , is slightly less electronegative than oxygen , the word chlorine cornes firstif no confusion can result , the prefixes " mono , , and “di -, are sometimes dropped .A class of compounds in which such prefixes are seldom used is that in which the metal atom usually exhibits only one oxidation state Depending on the oxidation state of the other element , the number of anions per cation is then fixed . Some examples areThe next level of complexity in naming Inorganic compounds arises when there are three elements present . Very often , one of these elements is oxygen . Such compounds are named by combining the suffix “ ate “ , with the name of the less electronegative of the two nonmetallic elements. For example , NaNo3 is sodium nitrate . The problem with this is that there is a similar compound with nitrogen in the + 3 oxidation state , NaNO2. such compounds with the element in a lower oxidation state use the suffix “-ite , , , so NaNO2 is sodium nitrite . But the number of chemical compounds is not bounded by the chemists ' vocabulary , and there are several such examples entailing more than two oxidation states .To solve this problem , the prefix ' ' hy - po 一， , ( meaning " below , , is used in the name of the compound In which the less electronegative element is in the lowest oxidation state , and the prefix " per-， , ( meaning " highest , , is usedwhen it is in the highest oxidation state Some examples of the use of this system are shown In the following table ( Table 8 . 2In the inorganic acids , the suffixes “-ous , , and "- ic , , are used to denote the lower and higher oxidation states , respectively These same suffixes are also used with the names of a number of metals , namely , those that usually exhibit more than one oxidation state Some examples are cobaltous and cobaltic , and mercurous and mercuric . The nomenclature is complicated slightly by the fact that , for a few such metals , these terms are derived from the Latin name of the element rather than the English name .All but eleven of the elements are given a symbol corresponding to one or two letters In the English name of the compound ( The first letter is always capitalized and the second letter 15 never capitalized One of these exceptions is tungsten , whose symbol ( W is derived from the German name of the element , Wolfram The other ten havesymbols derived from their Latin names . These are , stibium ( Sb for antimony , cuprum ( Cu ）for copper , aurum ( Au for gold ，ferrum ( Fe for iron , plumbum ( Pb for lead , hydrargyrum ( Hg for mercury , kalium ( K for potassium , argentum ( Ag for silver , natrium ( Na for sodium , and stannum ( Sn for tin. The use of the suffixes ' ’- ous , , and “-ic , , with three of these metals 15 illustrated belowThe system works well as long as there are only two major oxidation states of the metal atom , as in those examples .The most rational and selfconsistent system of nomenclature of inorganic compounds is that adopted in 1957 by the ultimate authority in such matters , the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. these rules , popularly called the IUPAC Rules , are the model for chemists throughout the world to follow , and are becoming ever more dominant In the chemical literature . Note that the oxidation state of the metal atom is specified by a Roman numeral whenever there could be some doubt about it , but not otherwise Let us see how the examples shown above are named according to this system掌握化学命名是学习新的语言，如德国略有不同。

化学专业英语---化合物的命名

NaNH4SO4 Sodium ammonium sulfate
KNaCO3:
potassuim
NaNH4HPO4: sodium ammonium hydrogenphosphate
sodium
carbonate
23
5)水合盐：结晶水读做water或hydrate 如 AlCl3∙6H2O: aluminum chloride 6-water来自For example:
Cl- Chloride
Br- Bromide I- Iodide S2- Sulfide
O2- Oxide
OH- Hydroxide CN- Cyanide H- Hydride
10
2. Polyatomic oxyanions
(1). Acid radicals for normal salt (正酸根 -ate ) Anion’s name = Central Element’s root -ate
或 Sodium bicarbonate
21
(3).Basic salts Basic salt = Cation + hydroxy-anion
for example: Cu2(OH)2CO3 Dicopper(II) dihydroxycarbonate Ca(OH)Cl Calcium hydroxychloride Mg(OH)PO4 Magnesium hydroxyphosphate
ClO- Hypochlorite IO- Hypoiodite PO23- Hypophosphite
13
(4). Acid radicals for persalts (高酸根Per -ate )

无机物英文命名法则知识讲解

无机物英文命名法则知识讲解无机物英文命名法则Unit 3 The Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds一、元素与单质的命名“元素”和“单质”的英文意思都是“element”，有时为了区别，在强调“单质”时可用“free element”。

因此，单质的英文名称与元素的英文名称是一样的。

下面给出的既是元素的名称，同时又是单质的名称。

IAH Hydrogen [?ha?dr?d??n] 氢Li Lithium [?l?θi?m] 锂Na Sodium [?sodi?m] 钠K Potassium [p?'t?s??m] 钾Rb Rubidium [ru?b?di?m] 铷Cs Cesium ['si:z??m] 铯Fr Francium [?fr?nsi?m] 钫IIABe Beryllium [b??r?li?m] 铍Mg Magnesium [m?g?ni:zi?m] 镁Ca Calcium [?k?lsi?m] 钙Sr Strontium [?strɑnti?m] 锶Ba Barium [?be?ri?m] 钡Ra Radium [?redi?m] 镭IIIAB Boron ['b?:rɑ:n] 硼Al Aluminium [??lj??m?ni?m] 铝Ga Gallium [?ɡ?li?m] 稼In Indium ['?nd??m] 铟Tl Thallium [?θ?li?m] 铊IV AC Carbon ['kɑ:b?n] 碳Si Silicon [?s?l?k?n] 硅Ge Germanium [dmeni?m] 锗Sn Tin [t?n] 锡Pb Lead [lid] 铅V AN Nitrogen [?na?tr?d??n] 氮P Phosphorus [?f?sf?r?s] 磷As Arsenic [?ɑ:sn?k] 砷Sb Antimony [??nt?m?ni] 锑Bi Bismuth [?b?zm?θ]铋VIAO Oxygen [??ks?d??n] 氧S Sulfur ['s?lf?] 硫Se Selenium [s??lini?m] 硒Te Tellurium [te?lj??ri?m] 碲Po Polonium [p??l??ni?m] 钋VIIAF Fluorine [?fl?:ri:n] 氟Cl Chlorine [?kl?:ri:n] 氯Br Bromine [?br??mi:n] 溴I Iodine [?a??di:n] 碘At Astatine [??st?ti:n] 砹He Helium [?hi:li?m] 氦Ne Neon [?ni:ɑ:n] 氖Ar Argon [?ɑ:rgɑ:n] 氩Kr Krypton [?kr?ptɑ:n] 氪Xe Xenon [?zenɑ:n] 氙Rn Radon [?re?dɑ:n] 氡常见过渡金属Fe iron [?a??rn] 铁Cu copper [?k?p?] 铜Hg mercury [?m?:kj?ri] 汞Au gold [g??ld] 金Mn manganese [?m??g?ni:z] 锰Zn zinc [z??k] 锌Ag silver [?s?lv?] 银单质名称H atomic hydrogen [??t?mik ?haidr?d??n] monohydrogen [m?n??'ha?dr?d??n]O2 oxygen [??ks?d??n] dioxygen [da?'?ks?d??n]O3 ozone [z??n] trioxygenP4 phosphorus tetraphosphorus ['tetr??f?sf?r?s]二、阳离子1.单价阳离子单价阳离子直呼其名，即读其元素名称。

Lesson 4 Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds

HNO2
Nitrous acid
2.4 Coordination Complex 配合物
① Ligands
Negative ions as ligands：Ligand = Element’s root –o
CN- Cyano NO3- Nitrato
NO2Cl-
Nitro
F- Fluoro
Chloro Br- Bromo
④有氧酸
高某酸根 per-ate
高某酸 per-ic
正酸根 –ate
正酸 –ic
亚酸根 –ite
亚酸 -ous
次酸根 hypo-ite
次酸 hypo-ous
H2CO3 Carbonic acid
H2SO4
Sulfuric acid
H2SO3 Sulfurous acid
HNO3
Nitric acid
2.2 Metal Compounds 金属化合物
① Naming metal ions (cations) 阳离子命名
Single valence ions Cation’s name = Element
例如：Na+
Sodium
Al3+ Aluminium
Multivalence ions Cation’s name = element(N)
since this is the property that determines its chemical behavior.
Nomenclature [‘nəʊmən,kleɪtʃə] n.命名法，术语
元素这一术语是指由单一种类的原子所组成的纯物质。对化学家而
言，原子的种类由它的原子数决定，因为原子数决定了它的化学行为。

Lesson 2 Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds and Chemical Formulas

最大正氧化数通常与元素所在元素周期表中的基团数相同(除氟、氧、惰性气体、ⅠB和ⅧB基的几个元素和内部过渡元素外)。
• The sum of oxidation numbers of all atoms in a molecule is zero; in an ion, the sum is the charge of the ion.
• 【第三段】This “chemical alphabet” is very useful and an artificial language for expression of the structures of various compounds has been accepted on its basis. A chemical formula is a representation of the number and kind of atoms in molecule of a substance and it is used addition (or in place ) of the name of the substance in question.
教学重点难点
专业英语词汇、专业词汇构词法、专业英语特点、课文翻译。
inorganic [ˌinɔ:ˈgænik] adj.无机的 nomenclature [ˈnəumənˌkleitʃə] n.系统命名法 oxidation [ˌɔksiˈdeiʃən] n.氧化 anion [ˈænaiən] n.阴离子 hydroxide [haiˈdrɔksaid] n.氢氧化物 cyanide [ˈsaiəˌnaid] n.氰化物 sodium [ˈsəudi:əm] n.钠 potassium [pəˈtæsi:əm] n.钾 suffix [ˈsʌfiks] n.后缀 prefix [ˈpri:fiks] n.前缀

化学专业英语马永祥兰州大学--翻译

1. The Elements and The Periodic Table元素和周期表The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is referred to as the atomic number, or proton number, Z. The numbers of electrons in an electrically neutral atom is also equal to the atomic number, Z. The total mass of an atom is determined very nearly by the total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. This total is called the mass of the number, A. The number of neutrons in an atom, the neutron number, is given by the quantity A-Z.refer to sb. [sth.] as 称某人（物）为be determined by 由…确定原子核中质子的数目称为原子序数，或者质子数，以Z表示。

电中性原子中电子的数目也等于原子序数Z。

经测定，原子的总质量与原子核中质子与中子的总数差不多。

（几乎相同）（或者说原子的总质量几乎可以由原子核中质子与中子的总数确定。

）这个总数叫质量数，以A表示。

因此，原子中的质子的数目，质子数，可以定量地由A-Z给出。

即原子中质子数=A-ZThe term element refers to a pure substance with atoms all kinds of a single kind. To the chemist the “kind” of an atom is specified by its atomic number, since this is the property that determines its chemical behavior. At present all the atoms from Z=1 to Z=107 are known; there are 107 chemical elements. Each chemical element has been given a name and a distinctive symbol. For most elements the symbol is simply the abbreviated form of the English name consisting of one or two letters,for example:元素这个术语指的是仅仅由同一种类的原子组成的物质。

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bromide (general) Br−, bromide(1−); bromide
Br2•−, dibromide(•1−) iodide (general) I−, iodide(1−); iodide
I2•−, diiodide(•1−)
Ligandsc
hydrido
protido deuterido tritido
fluorine F•, fluorine(•), monofluorine −F, fluoro F2, difluorine chlorine (general) Cl•, chlorine(•), monochlorine −Cl, chloro Cl2, dichlorine
bromine (general) Br•, bromine(•), monobromine −Br, bromo Br2, dibromine iodine (general) I•, iodine(•), monoiodine −I, iodo I2, diiodine
IO4, iodine tetraoxide IO4•, tetraoxidoiodine(•) −OIO3, trioxo-λ7-iodanyloxy
oxygen (general) O, monooxygen O2•, oxidanylidene, monooxygen(2•) >O, oxy, epoxy (in rings) =O, oxo
Formula for
uncharged atom or group
H
H2
D, see H D2, see H2 T, see H T2, see H2 F
F2 Cl
Cl2 Br
Br2 I
I2
Uncharged atoms or molecules (including zwitterions and radicals) or substituent groupsa hydrogen H•, hydrogen(•), monohydrogen (natural or unspecified isotopic composition) 1H•, protium(•), monoprotium 2H• = D•, deuterium(•), monodeuterium 3H• = T•, tritium(•), monotritium H2, dihydrogen D2, dideuterium T2, ditritium
IO+, oxidoiodine(1+) (not iodosyl) IO2+, dioxidoiodine(1+) (not iodyl) IO3+, trioxidoiodine(1+) (not periodyl)
oxygen (general) O•+, oxygen(•1+)
O2•+, dioxidanyliumyl, dioxygen(•1+) O22+, dioxidanebis(ylium), dioxygen(2+)
fluorido (general) F−, fluorido(1−); fluorido F2, difluorine chlorido (general) Cl−, chlorido(1−); chlorido Cl2, dichlorine Cl2•−, dichlorido(•1−) bromido (general) Br−, bromido(1−); bromido Br2, dibromine iodido (general) I−, iodido(1−); iodido I2, diiodine
fluorine (general) F+, fluorine(1+)
F2•+, difluorine(•1+) chlorine (general) Cl+, chlorine(1+)
Cl2•+, dichlorine(•1+)
bromine (general) Br+, bromine(1+)
Br2•+, dibromine(•1+) iodine (general) I+, iodine(1+)
O2, dioxygen O22•, dioxidanediyl, dioxygen(2•) −OO−, dioxidanediyl; peroxy
ClO2+, dioxidochlorine(1+) (not chloryl)
ClO3+, trioxidochlorine(1+) (not perchloryl)
O3, trioxygen; ozone −OOO−, trioxidanediyl
HO•, oxidanyl, hydridooxygen(•); hydroxyl −OH, oxidanyl; hydroxy
HO2•, dioxidanyl, hydridodioxygen(•) hydrogen dioxide −OOH, dioxidanyl; hydroperoxy
Nomenclature for Inorganic Ions and Ligands
Willem H. Koppenol
The entries below were selected from Table IX of Connelly, N. G., Damhus, T., Hartshorn, R. M. and Hutton, A. T., Eds., Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry. IUPAC Recommendations 2005, The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2005. Two changes were made: in the case of the hypohalides, the oxidohalogenate names are listed, not the new halooxygenate names. Thus, for BrO− the still acceptable name “oxidobromate(1−)” is listed, not the more correct, but less palatable, “bromooxygenate(1−)”. Similarly, and for reasons of consistency, ClO• is not named oxygen (mono)chloride, but chlorine mono(o)oxide. The symbol ' ’ is used for dividing names when this is made necessary by a line break. When the name is reconstructed
2-14
Nomenclature for Inorganic Ions and Ligands
2-15
ClO
ClO2
ClO3 ClO4 IO IO2 IO3 IO4 O
O2 O3 HO HO2 S
ClO, chlorine mon(o)oxide ClO•, oxidochlorine(•); chlorosyl −ClO, oxo-λ3-chloranyl; chlorosyl −OCl, chlorooxy
I2•+, diiodine(•1+)
fluoride (general) F−, fluoride(1−); fluoride
F2•−, difluoride(•1−) chloride (gener−, dichloride(•1−)
hydride (general) H−, hydride (natural or unspecified isotopic composition) 1H−, protide 2H− = D−, deuteride 3H− = T−, tritide
H2•+, dihydrogen(•1+) 1H2•+, diprotium(•1+) D2•+, dideuterium(•1+) T2•+, ditritium(•1+)
IO2, iodine dioxide IO2•, dioxidoiodine(•) −IO2, dioxo-λ5-iodanyl; iodyl −OIO, oxo-λ3-iodanyloxy
IO3, iodine trioxide IO3•, trioxidoiodine(•) −IO3, trioxo-λ7-iodanyl; periodyl −OIO2, dioxo-λ5-iodanyloxy
Name
Cations (including cation radicals) or cationic substituent groupsa
Anions (including anion radicals) or anionic substituent groupsb
hydrogen (general) H+, hydrogen(1+), hydron (natural or unspecified isotopic composition) 1H+, protium(1+), proton 2H+= D+, deuterium(1+), deuteron 3H+= T+, tritium(1+), triton
ClO2, chlorine dioxide ClO2•, dioxidochlorine(•) ClOO•, chloridodioxygen (O−O) (•), −ClO2, dioxo-λ5-chloranyl; chloryl −OClO, oxo-λ3-chloranyloxy