余志远《英国国家概况》笔记和课后习题详解(美国 假期和节日)【圣才出品】
隋铭才《英语国家概况》(章节题库 第14章 第二次世界大战结束前英美国家的重大事件)【圣才出品】
第14章第二次世界大战结束前英美国家的重大事件I.Multiple Choices.1.Churchill led the country during______at the end of May,1940.A.the Battle of BritainB.the blitz of LondonC.the miracle of DunkirkD.the depression【答案】C【解析】敦刻尔克大撤退是丘吉尔是主要政绩之一，由丘吉尔亲自领导，8天内奇迹般地撤出被围困在敦刻尔克周围一小块地区的盟军33万多人。
2.Britain declared war on Germany in Aug.1914when Germany invaded______.A.FranceB.PolandC.BelgiumD.Serbia【答案】C【解析】1914年8月4日，德国入侵保持中立的比利时，比利时对德国宣战；同日，英国考虑到比利时对自己国土安全的重要性向德国宣战。
3.During World War I,on the first day of______on July1,1916,19000British troopswere killed in a day.A.the battle of MarneB.the battle of JutlandC.the battle of AmiensD.the battle of the Somme【答案】D【解析】索姆河战役第一天，英军伤亡近六万人，其中死亡近两万人。
这是因为英军以密集队形前进，遭到德军机枪和炮兵火力的严重杀伤。
II.Fill in the blanks.1.To pursue Irish independence,the most spectacular event in the Irish history was ______of1916,in which the rebels occupied Dublin’s______and forced the British to“take it back by______.”【答案】the Easter Rising；Post Office；Military means【解析】复活节起义是爱尔兰共和兄弟会组织的在1916年的复活节周期间发生的一场暴动，是自从1798年爱尔兰起义以来最重大的起义，总部设在邮政总局。
余志远《英语国家概况》(2015年版)教材的配套题库(第二十三章 爱尔兰共和国(Ⅰ) 国土和人民La
第二十三章爱尔兰共和国(Ⅰ)国土和人民Land and PeopleⅠ.Multiple choices1.It was said that Christianity was introduced into Ireland by______.A.the VikingsB.the NormansC.Brian BoruD.Saint Patrick【答案】D【解析】基督教是五世纪时由Saint Patrick传到爱尔兰的。
2.In1541,______declared to be the king of Ireland,the first English monarch to do so.A.HenryⅧB.Queen Elizabeth IC.William of OrangeD.JamesⅡ【答案】A【解析】1541年，亨利八世自称爱尔兰国王。
这是英国皇室第一个封此称号的国王。
3.Arthur Griffith developed a new political party in the period1905—1908known as______.A.Irish Republican BrotherhoodB.United IrishmenC.Sinn FeinD.Home Rule【答案】C【解析】亚瑟·格里菲斯于1905至1908年间创办了新芬党，“新芬”在爱尔兰语种是“我们自己”的意思。
4.In1916the Irish Volunteers and the Irish Citizen Army staged a rebellion against British rule,recorded in history as______.A.the Easter Rising of1916B.the Home Rule campaignC.the Fenian movementD.the national agrarian movement【答案】A【解析】复活节起义发生在1916年4月24日，是爱尔兰民族主义者反抗英国统治的一次起义。
隋铭才《英语国家概况》(章节题库 第12章 英美人口和主要的城市)【圣才出品】
第12章英美人口和主要的城市I.Multiple Choices.1.Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Hispanic population in the U.S.?（北京交大2007研）A.They all speak Spanish.B.They are Catholics.C.Most of them are poor.D.They are all migrant workers.【答案】D【解析】拉美裔美国人是指来自美国本土以外讲西班牙语的移民；他们信仰天主教；失学率高，在劳动力市场上占劣势，因此大多数面临贫困问题。
Migrant Workers移民工人是指在某国工作但并非该国公民的人，选项D与事实不符，为正确答案。
2.Which of the following is not in New York City?（北二外2003研）A.HollywoodB.BroadwayC.Rockefeller CenterD.Harlem【答案】A【解析】Broadway百老汇、Rockefeller Center洛克菲勒中心、Harlem哈莱姆都位于纽约市。
Hollywood好莱坞位于加州洛杉矶市，是世界著名的电影城市。
3.______has been known as the automobile capital of the world.A.New YorkB.AtlantaC.PhiladelphiaD.Detroit【答案】D【解析】底特律有世界“汽车之城”的美称。
4.In the early1920s,______emerged as the creative center for jazz.A.ChicagoB.New York CityC.New OrleansD.Orlando【答案】A【解析】20世纪20年代早期，芝加哥成为爵士乐的创作中心。
余志远《英语国家概况》(2015年版)教材的配套题库(第十九章 澳大利亚(Ⅰ) 国土和人民Land
第十九章澳大利亚(Ⅰ)国土和人民Land and PeopleI.Multiple choices1.In the north of the Australian continent are_____.A.tropical rainforestsB.plateau landscapes occupied by snowfieldsC.deserts or semi desertsD.hills and fertile plains【答案】A【解析】澳大利亚的北部为热带雨林。
选项A正确。
2.The first group of English were brought in Australia as_____in1788by the First Fleet.A.slavesB.workersC.convictsD.refugees【答案】C【解析】第一批英国罪犯在1788年乘坐第一舰队来到澳大利亚。
选项C正确。
3.Which is the oldest religion in Australia?A.ChristianityB.ProtestantismC.CatholicismD.the Dreaming【答案】D【解析】“梦创信仰”是澳大利亚这片土地上最古老的宗教。
选项D正确。
4.The following animals are unique to the Australian continent except_____.A.platypusB.kangarooC.sealD.koala【答案】C【解析】澳大利亚特有的动物包括：鸭嘴兽、袋鼠、树袋熊和毛鼻袋鼠，海豹不属于其特有动物。
选项C正确。
5.Australia was essentially unknown in the West until the_____century.A.15thB.16thC.17thD.18th【答案】C【解析】直到17世纪，澳大利亚才被西方人所知。
英美概况考试笔记
英美概况考试笔记英语国家概况The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 英国的历史分四部分:1.The Origins of a Nation2.The Shaping of the Nation3.Transition to the Mordern Age4.The Rise and Fall of the British Empire1 取关键词Origins的字头O2 取关键词Shaping的字头S3 取关键词Mordern的字头M4 取关键词Empire的字头E连起来就是OSME=O+S+ME=O(哦),S(是)ME(我)!接着每个部分的标题串在一起,用一句话来记忆.要好好记住每句话里所包括的每个字母代表的是什么标题.可以看几遍这个情景对话,熟悉了之后可以不费吹灰之力就能记住整个英国历史的线索.有了这条线,你再把主要的记忆点,象珠子一样地穿起来,这样回忆就非常容易了.可谓既见树木,又见森林.一切尽在掌握.History of UK (---O.S.M.E---) 哦（O），是（S）我（ME）O: Early settlers -> Roman Britain -> Anglo-Saxons -> the Viking and Danish Invations -> the Norman Conquest O（哦）：eravidan=era(时代)+vida(维达,女名)+n(诺曼征服)句子：（老公看着一本英语国家概况在那里自言自语）哦，原来英国的新时代是伟大的维达小姐实现诺曼征服之后开始的。
S: Norman Rule -> the Great Charter -> the Hundred Years' War with France -> the Blackdeath and the peasant uprising S(是)：ng（拼音：ng=嗯）+hb(hubby丈夫，的缩写)[N+G+H+B]句子：（老婆在看电视，漫不经心地说）是的，嗯, 老公。
英语国家概况 谢福之 课后习题答案 完整版
英语国家概况谢福之课后习题答案（多人协作版）1. 英国的全称是（）。
A. 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国B. 英格兰王国C. 苏格兰王国D. 威尔士王国答案：A。
解析：英国的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国，由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四个部分组成。
B、C、D 选项分别只代表了英国的一部分，不全面。
涉及知识点为英国的国家名称及组成部分。
2. 英国的首都是（）。
A. 爱丁堡B. 格拉斯哥C. 伦敦D. 伯明翰答案：C。
解析：英国首都是伦敦。
爱丁堡是苏格兰首府，格拉斯哥是苏格兰主要城市，伯明翰是英格兰主要城市。
涉及知识点为英国主要城市及首都。
3. 英国的国旗是（）。
A. 星条旗B. 米字旗C. 三色旗D. 太阳旗答案：B。
解析：英国国旗是米字旗。
星条旗是美国国旗，三色旗有多种，如法国国旗等，太阳旗是日本国旗。
涉及知识点为各国国旗图案。
4. 英国的国家元首是（）。
A. 首相B. 总统C. 国王/女王D. 议长答案：C。
解析：英国实行君主立宪制，国家元首是国王或女王。
首相是政府首脑，英国没有总统，议长是议会中的职位。
涉及知识点为英国政治体制。
5. 英国的主要宗教是（）。
A. 佛教B. 伊斯兰教C. 基督教D. 印度教答案：C。
解析：英国主要宗教是基督教，其中以圣公会等教派为主。
佛教主要在亚洲国家，伊斯兰教在中东、北非等地区广泛分布，印度教主要在印度。
涉及知识点为英国宗教情况。
6. 英国最大的岛屿是（）。
A. 爱尔兰岛B. 冰岛C. 大不列颠岛D. 格陵兰岛答案：C。
解析：英国最大的岛屿是大不列颠岛。
爱尔兰岛分为爱尔兰共和国和英国的北爱尔兰部分，冰岛是独立国家，格陵兰岛是丹麦属地。
涉及知识点为英国地理。
7. 英国的气候类型主要是（）。
A. 热带雨林气候B. 热带沙漠气候C. 温带海洋性气候D. 温带大陆性气候答案：C。
解析：英国位于大西洋东岸，受海洋影响大，气候类型主要是温带海洋性气候。
热带雨林气候主要在赤道附近地区，热带沙漠气候在热带沙漠地区，温带大陆性气候在大陆内部。
史上超强!英语国家概况复习笔记!
英语国家概况复习笔记Chapter 1 Land and People 英国的国土与人民Different Names for Britain and its Parts英国不同名称及其各组成部分1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称:不列颠群岛,大不列颠和英格兰.2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国.3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands—Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛［大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛］及成千上万个小岛组成.4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.大不列颠岛上有三个政区:英格兰,苏格兰和威尔士.①England is in the southern part of Great Britain.It is the largest, most populous section. 位于大不列颠岛南部,是最大,人口最稠密的地区.②Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh. 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部.它有三大自然区：北部高地,中部低地及南部山陵.首府：爱丁堡.③Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部.首府：加的夫④Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast. 北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域.首府：贝尔法斯特5.The Commonwealth (of nations) is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain.Member nations are joined together economically and have certain trading agreements.The Commonwealth has no special powers.The decision to become a member of the Commonwealth is left to each nation. It was founded in 1931, and has 50 member countries until 1991.英联邦是一个自由联合体,由曾是英国殖民地而现在已经独立的国家构成.成员国之间实行经济合作,有一定的贸易协议.英联邦没有特别的权利,是否参加英联邦由各成员国自己决定.它成立于1931年,到1991年止已有50个成员国.Chapter 2 The Origins of a Nation (5000BC-1066) 英国的起源1.Arrival and settlement of the Celts At about 700 BC the Celts began to arrive in Britain and kept coming until the arrival of the Romans.They may come originally from eastern and central Europe,now France,Belgium and southern Germany.约公元前700年,凯尔特人来到不列颠岛并一直陆续到来直到罗马人的入侵.他们可能源自东欧和中欧,即现在的法国,比利时和德国南部. They came in three main waves:the Gaels~about 600 BC;the Brythons~about 400 BC;the Belgae~about 150 BC.凯尔特人来到不列颠有三次高潮:第一次是约公元前600年的盖尔人;第二次是约公元前400年的布立吞人;第三次是约公元前150年的贝尔盖人. The Celtic tribes are the ancestors of the Highland Scots,the Irish and the Welsh,and their languages are the basis of both Welsh and Gaelic.凯尔特人是山地苏格兰人,爱尔兰人和威尔士人的祖先,他们的语言是威尔士语和盖尔语的基础. The Celts’ religion was Druidism. 凯尔特人的宗教为德鲁伊德教. The Belgae were the most industrious and vigorous of the Celtic tribes.贝尔盖人是最勤奋,最精力充沛的. The Celts were practised farmers. 凯尔特人是有经验的农民.2.Basis of modern English race: the Anglo-Saxons现代英国人的基础:盎格鲁—萨克逊(446-871) In the mid-5th century Jutes,Saxons, and Angles came to Britain.They were three Teutonic tribes.The Jutes,who fished and farmed in Jutland(now southern Denmark),came to Britain first.Then the Saxons came.They came from northern Germany,established their kingdoms in Essex, Sussex and Wessex. In the second half of the 6th century,the Angles who also came from northern Germany and were to give their name to the English people, settled in East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria. 五世纪中叶,朱特人,撒克逊人和盎格鲁人来到不列颠岛.这是三支日耳曼部落.居住在朱特兰岛(现丹麦南部)从事打渔农耕的朱特人先到达不列颠;接着是撒克逊人,他们来自德国北部,在埃塞克斯,苏塞克斯和威塞克斯建立了王国;六世纪后半叶,同样来自德国北部把自己名字给了英国人的盎格鲁人,在东盎格利亚,麦西亚以及诺森伯利来定居.Heptarchy:During the Anglo-Saxon’s time,Britain was divided into many kingdoms,among which there were seven principal kingdoms of Kent,Essex,Sussex,Wessex,East Anglia,Mercia and Northumbria.They were given the name for Heptarchy. 在盎格鲁-撒克逊时期,英国被划分为许多王国,其中有七个主要王国:肯特,埃塞克斯,苏塞克斯,威塞克斯,东盎格利亚,麦西亚和诺森伯利来.他们被合称为七王国.The Anglo-Saxon tribes were constantly at war with one another,each trying to get the upper hand,so that the kingdoms were often broken up and often pieced together again. 盎格鲁-撒克逊部落之间不断交战,彼此都想占上风,因此王国总是分了合,合了又分The Anglo-Saxons brought their own Teutonic religion to Britain. 盎格鲁—撒克逊人把日耳曼宗教带到了英国.Although the Anglo-Saxons were ferocious people,they laid the foundations of the English state.Firstly,they divided the country into shires;Secondly,they devised the narrow-strip,three-field farming system which continued to the 18th century;Thirdly,they also established the manorial system.Finally,they created the Witan(council/meeting of wisemen)to advise the king,the basis of the Privy Council which still exists today. 虽然盎格鲁-撒克逊人是凶猛的民族,但他们为英国国家的形成打下了基础.首先他们把国家划分为郡;其次他们设计的窄条三圃田农耕制延用至18世纪;他们还建立了采邑制;最后他们还创立了议会(贤人会议),向国王提供建议,这是现存的枢密院基础.3.The Viking and Danish invasions The Norwegian Vikings and the Danes attacked various parts of England from the end of the 8th century.The Danes gained control of the north and east of England—the Danelaw.从8世纪末起,挪威海盗和丹麦人就不断袭击英格兰各地方.丹麦人控制英格兰北部和东部丹麦法区. After Alfred’s death,his s uccessors reconquered the Danelaw.King Ethelred the Unready tried paying the invaders to stay away.But the Danes didn’t go away but invade again. 亚尔弗雷德死后,他的继任者们重新征服了丹麦地区."未准备好者"埃塞尔雷德国王进贡给丹麦人以免被侵略,但丹麦人又再度进犯. After Ethelred’s death,Canute,the Danish leader was made English king in 1016.He proved to be a wise ruler.After his death in 1035,his sons Harold and Hardicanute reigned successively.After Hardicanute’s death the succession passed to the successor Edward the Confessor. 埃塞尔雷德死后,丹麦首领喀奴特在1016年成为了英国国王.他是位英明的通知者.1035年他死后,他的儿子哈罗德和哈迪喀奴特先后统治王国.哈迪喀奴特死后,王位传给了"忏悔者"爱德华.4.King Alfred and his contributions亚尔弗雷德国王和他所做出的贡献(849-899) ①Alfred was the king of Wessex and defeated the Danes and reached a friendly agreement with them in 879亚尔弗雷德是威塞克斯的国王.他打败了丹麦人,并于公元879年与他们达成了友好协议;②He founded a strong fleet and is known as “the father of the British navy”他因为建立了强大舰队,而以“英国海军之父”闻名于世;③He reorganized the Saxon army,making it more efficient他改组了撒克逊军队,使之更为高效;④He is said to have taught himself Latin and translated a Latin book into English据说他自学了拉丁语并将一本拉丁语书译成英语⑤He encouraged learning in others,established schools and formulated a legal system. All this earns him the title “Alfred the Great”他鼓励向他人求知并修建学校,并且制订法律制度.5.The Norman Conquest and its consequences诺曼征服及其影响(1066) It was said that king Edward had promised the English throne to William, but the Witan chose Harold as king. So William led his army to invade England. In October 1066, William defeated Harold in the battle of Hastings.On Christmas Day William was crowned king of England in Westminster Abbey. 爱德华国王曾答应把英格兰王位传给诺曼底公爵威廉,但是贤人会议挑选了哈罗德为国王.公元1066年10月,在哈斯丁斯战役中威廉打败了哈罗德军队.圣诞节这天在威斯敏斯特大教堂,威廉被加冕为英格兰国王. The Norman Conquest of 1066 is perhaps the best-known event in English history. William the Conqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government.The Norman Conquest ended the English history of being invaded, the feudal system was completely established in England . Relations with the Continent were opened, and civilization and commerce were extended. Norman-French culture, language, manners and architecture were introduced.The Church was brought into closer connection with Rome, and the church courts were separated from the civil courts. 公元1066年的诺曼征服也许是英国历史上的最著名事件.征服者威廉没收了几乎所有土地,将其分发给他的诺曼追随者.他用强大的诺曼政府取代软弱的撒克逊人统治.诺曼征服结束了被侵略的英国历史,英格兰完全确立了封建制度:扩展了与欧洲大陆的关系;文明和商业都得到发展;引进了诺曼—法国文化、语言、举止和建筑.教会与罗马的联系更为密切,教会法庭从世俗法庭中单独分离出来.Chapter 3 The Shaping of the Nation 英国的形成（公元1066-1381）1.England's feudalism under the rule of William the Conqueror在威廉统治下的英国封建制度①Under William,the feudal system in England was completely established在威廉统治下,英国的封建制度得到完全确立;②In this system,the King owned all the land personally根据此制度,国王拥有全国所有土地;③William gave his barons large estate s in England in return for a promise of military service and a proportion of the land’s produce威廉把英国的大片土地分给贵族,条件是贵族保证服役和交租;④These estates were scattered far and wide over the country,so that those who held them could not easily combine to rebel the king贵族的这些地产分散于各处,这样土地拥有者就不易联合起来反叛国王;⑤The barons parceled out his land to the lesser nobles,knights and freemen,also in return for goods and services贵族又把土地分配给小贵族,骑士和自由民,同样要他们交租和服役;⑥At the bottom of the feudal scale were the villeins or serfs在封建等级底层的是农奴;⑦One peculiar feature of the feudal system of England was that all landowners must take the oath of allegiance,not only to their immediate lord,but also to the king英国封建制独有的特色就是,无论是土地承租人还是二佃户,都必须要宣誓效忠于直接领主,而且要效忠于国王.William replaced the Witan with the Grand Council. 威廉用大议会取代了贤人会议. In order to have a reliable record of all his lands,his tenants and their possessions,William sent his clerks to compile a property record known as Domesday Book,which was completed in 1086. 为了使所有的土地,佃户和他们的财产记录可靠,威廉派官员编了一本财产清册,称为«末日审判书»2.Contents and the significance of the Great Charter«大宪章»的内容及意义Also known as the Magna Carta,Great Charter was signed by King John in 1215 under the press of the barons.«大宪章»是约翰国王1215年在封建贵族压力下签定的. It consists of 63 clauses. Its important provisions are as follows«大宪章»共有63条:①no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council没有大议会批准不得征税;②no freeman should be arrested,imprisoned,or deprived of his property except by the law of the land除依照法律,不得随意逮捕,拘禁自由民,不依照土地法不得剥夺其财产;③the Church should possess all its rights,together with freedom of elections教会拥有的权利和选举自由不受侵犯;④London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privileges伦敦和其它城市应保留其古老的权利和特权;⑤there should be the same weight and measures throughout the country全国应统一度量衡. Although the Great Charter has long been popularly regarded as the foundation of English liberties,it was a statement of the feudal and legal relationship between the Crown and the barons,a guarantee of the freedom of the Church and a limitation of the powers of the king.The spirit of the Great Charter was the limitation of the powers of the king,keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.尽管长期普遍认为«大宪章»是英国自由的基础,但它只是国王与贵族之间的封建与法律关系,保证教会的自由,限制国王的权力.«大宪章»的精神是限制王权,置王权于封建法律的约束下.3.The origins of the English Parliament英国议会的起源In 1258,the barons,under Simon de Montfort,forced Henry Ⅲand his son Prince Edward to swear to accept the Provisions of ter,Henry refused to confirm to the Provisions of Oxford,thus a civil war brake out between the king’s suppor ters and the baronial army led by Simon de Montfort. 1258年,贵族们在西蒙•德•孟福尔的领导下迫使国王和他的儿子爱德华王子宣誓接受"牛津协定".亨利拒绝批准牛津协定,国王的支持者和西蒙•德•孟福尔领导的封建主组成的军队之间爆发了内战.The Great Council is known to be the prototype of the current British Parliament. In 1265,Simon de Montfort summoned the Great Council,together with two knights from each country and two citizens from each town.,a meeting which has seen as the earliest parliament.It later developed into the House of Lords and the House of Common as a parliament. 大议会是当今英国议会的原型.1265年,西门德孟福尔召开大议会,各县有两名骑士,各镇有两名市民参加,此次会议被看作是最早的议会.大议会发展到后来演变成议会.分为上议院和下议院Its main role was to offer advice,not to make decisions.There were still no elections,no parties,and the most important part of Parliament was the House of Lords. 其作用是咨询而非决定,也没有选举和政党.议会的最重要的部分是上议院4.The Hundred Years' War with France and its consequences百年战争及其结果When Edward III claimed the French Crown but the French refused to recognize,the war broke out. 爱德华三世宣布要继承法国王位,但法国人民拒绝承认,于是引发了百年战争. The Hundred Years’ War with France refers to the war between England and France that lasted intermittently from 1337 to 1453.The causes of the war were partly territorial and partly economic. The territorial causes were related with the possession by the English kings of the large duchy of Aquitaine,while the French kings coveted this large slice. The economic causes were connected with cloth manufacturing towns in Flanders, which were the importer of English wool, but they were loyal to the French king politically. Besides, England's desire to stop France from giving aid to Scots and a growing sense of nationalism were the other causes.百年战争指1337年到1453年英法之间一场断断续续的战争.战争的起因既有领土因素又有经济因素.领土起因尤其是与英国国王拥有法国阿奎丹大片的公爵领地有密切关系,随着法国国王势力日增,他们日益渴望占领这片从他们领土内被分割出去的土地.经济原因则与弗兰德斯有关.弗兰德斯地区生产棉布的城镇是英国羊毛的主要进口地,但这些城镇在政治上却效忠法国国王.其他原因还有英国试图阻止法国帮助苏格兰人,以及不断觉醒的民族意识.When the war ended,Calais was the only part of France that still in the hands of English. 战争结束的时候只有加来港还被英军占领.Consequences:The expulsion of the English from France is regarded as a blessing for both countries:had they remained,the superior size and wealth of France would certainly have hindered the development of a separate English national identity,while France was hindered so long as a foreign power occupied so much French territory. 战争的结果:把英国人赶出了法国对两个国家都是幸事:若英国人继续留在法国,那么法国人在领土和财富上所占的优势必然会阻碍英国作为一个独立民族的发展;而法国如被外国势力占领了大量的领土,其民族特性的发展也要长期受阻.HenryⅤrenewed the war in 1415 and won a crushing victory at Argencourt.He was recognized to the French throne in 1420.After his death,the French,encouraged by Joan of Arc,finally drove the English out of France. 亨利五世在1415年重新发动战争.在阿根科特战役中大胜.他在1420年成为法国国王.亨利死后,法国人民在圣女贞德的鼓舞下,最终把英军驱逐出法国.5.Consequences of the Black Death黑死病的影响The Black Death was the modern name given to the deadly epidemic disease spread by rat fleas across Europe in the 14th century.It swept through England in the summer of 1348 without warning and,most importantly,without any cure.It reduced England’s population from four million to two million(about one half and one third of the population was killed) by the end of the 14th century. 黑死病是现代名称,指老鼠身上的跳蚤传播的致命的淋巴腺鼠疫引起的传染性疾病.14世纪传播了到欧洲.1348年夏天横扫全英国,事先毫无预兆,而更重要的是无药可救.英国的人口在14世纪末从400万锐减至200万. The economic consequences of the Black Death were far-reaching.As a result of the plague,much land was left untended and there was a terrible shortage of ndowners tended to change from arable to sheep-farming,which required less labour.The surviving peasants had better bargainning power and were in a position to change their serfdom into paid labour.So some landlords,unable or unwilling to pay higher wages,tried to force peasants back into serfdom.In 1351 the government issued a Statute of Labourers which made it a crime for peasants to ask for more wages or for their employers to pay more than the rates laid down by the Justices of the Peace. 黑死病对经济造成的后果更为深远.鼠疫导致了大片土地无人照管和劳动力极度匮乏.地主只得把耕地改成对人力需求较少的牧场.幸存的农民处于有利的可以讨价还价的地位,他们从农奴变为雇佣劳动力。
英语国家概况(课后问答题)
英语国家概况（课后问答题）第一部分英国概况1 What are the differences between Britain and the British Isles, Great Britain, England, the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth?Britain is the shortened form of the United kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland while the British Isles is a geographical name.2 What are the three political divisions on the island of Great Britain?They are England, Scotland and Wales 3. What is the official name of Great Britain？The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland4. Where did the King Harold defeat Tostig and Harold Hardrada?( At Stanford Bridge)5.What did William do after he suppressed镇压the Saxon risings in the north?(He built a string of defense防卫castles to ensure his military control of the whole country.)6. How long was Britain under the Roman occupation?( For nearly 400 years)7 What was the peculiar features of the feudal system of England?(All landowners, whether the tenants-in-chief or subtenants, took the oath of allegiance for the land they held, not only to their immediate lord, but also to the king.)8 What did Willliam I leave to his sons after he died?( He left Normandy to his eldest son, Robert, and England to his second son William, and a large sum of money to his third son, Henry.) 9 What was William I’s policytowards the church?(He wanted to keep it completely underhis control, but at the same time toupload its power.)10 When was the Domesday Bookcompleted?( In 1086)11 What was the consequence of theHundred Years’ War?(The French drove the English out oftheir land. By 1453, Calais was theonly part of France that was still in thehands of English)12 What did the Lollards preach?(The Lollards preached the equality ofmen before God)13 What were the two countriesElizabeth I successfully played offagainst each other for nearly 30years?( France and Spain were the twocountries that Elizabeth I successfullyplayed off against each other for nearly30 years)14 What was the outcome结果ofthe English Civil War?(It not only overthrew feudal system inEngland but also shook the foundationof the feudal rule in Europe. It isgenerally regarded as the beginning ofmodern world history.)15 What were the three main causesof Henry VIII’s religious reform ofthe Church?( The three main causes were: a desirefor change and reform in the Churchhad been growing for many years andnow, encouraged by the success ofMarin Luther, many people believed itstime had come; the privilege andwealth of the clergy were also resented;and Henry needed money)16 Which party did MargaretThatcher represent in the 1970s?(She represented the ConservativeParty)17 What did the Whigs stand for inthe early 19th century?Whigs stood for a reduction in Crownpatronage, sympathy towardsNonconformists, and care for theinterests of merchants and bankers.18 Why did changes in farmingmethods改变耕作方式affect lives ofmillions in the 18th century?(Because village and agriculture werethe backbone of England at that time.)19 When did Britain finally becomea full member of the EuropeanEconomic Community?(Britain finally became a full memberof the European Economic Communityin January, 1973)没背20 Why was Mrs. Thatcherremoved from office in 1990?(It was because of her opposition toEuropean Union and her imposition ofan extremely unpopular flatrate ‘polltax’ in place of property taxes to payfor local government service.21 What were the two groups of theChartiests? What was theirdifference?(The Chartists could be divided intotwo groups: the Moral Force Chartistsand the Physical Force Chartists. Theformer wanted to realize their aims bypeaceful means while the latter wantedto achieve their purpose by violence)22 What was the goal of the LondonWorking Men’s Association in itsstruggle?(It aimed to ‘ to seek by every legalmeans to place all classes of society inpossession of equal political and socialrights)精品文库23 Why was Britain known as the factory of the world in the mid-19th century?(Because the British economy was among the strongest in the world)24 Who has the power to declare war and make peace in the UK?(The Queen)25 How many members of Parliament does the House of Commons in the UK consist of ? (651Members of Parliament)26 What does the British Parliament consist of ?(It consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons) 27 What did the term ‘parliament’ originally mean?( It originally meant a meeting for parley or discussion)28 Where does the Sovereign’s coronation take place?(It takes place at Westminster Abbey威斯敏斯特教堂in London)29Where does the Queen’s expenditure arising from支出所产生的public duties come from?( The Queen’s expenditure arising from public duties comes from the Civil List and government departments)30 How is the British House of Commons elected?The House of Commons is elected by universal adult suffrage.31 What is a ‘shadow cabinet’ 影子内阁in Britain?( The party which wins the second largest number of seats in parliament becomes the Official Opposition and it forms its own ‘cabinet’ known as ‘shadow cabinet’32 What are the three main Christian festivals in Britain? (The three main Christian festivals inBritain are Christmas. Easter, and WhitSunday.)33 Who is directly responsible for theNHS in Britain?谁直接负责国民保健制度在英国(Central government is directlyresponsible for the NHS in Britain)34 What are the two establishedchurches in Britain?(They are the Church of England andthe Church of Scotland in Scotland)35 How many provinces does theChurch of England have?(The Church of England has twoprovinces: Canterbury and York)36What is the National Day inBritain?(The birthday of the British Monarch isa National Day in Britain)37 What does ‘Oxbridge’ refer to inGreat Britain?(It refers to the Universities of Oxfordand Cambridge)没背38 What kind of schools are theindependent schools in Britain?(The independent schools are thosesupported entirely by fees and privatefuns)39What are the three groups ofnation newspapers?(They are quality, popular andmid-market papers.)40 Which religion in Ireland is thelargest non-Catholic denomination?(The Anglican Church圣公会ofIreland is the largest non-Catholicdenomination.)没背41 What was the consequence ofthe Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921?什么是后果，英爱条约1921？(Violentopposition to the treaty byultranationalists led to a civil war.)没背42 What was the result ofgrowing Irish nationalism in theearly decades of the 20th century?(Irish nationalism became stronger andeven more violent in the early decadesof the 20th century and climaxed in theEastern Uprising of 1916 in which anIrish Republic was proclaimed.)没背43 Wht happened after theEnglish king was declared the headof the Church of Ireland replaceingthe Pope?英国国王宣布爱尔兰教会领袖代替教皇(There followed centuries of religiousas well as political persecution政治迫害, which helped to strengthen anddeepen Ireland’s Catholic spirit.)第二部分美国部分1What are the two novels giving avivid description of the miserable lifeof the black slaves?(Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Roots)2 What is the reason for the growthof population in Florida?(Florida’s population growth owesmuch to its attractiveness both as aplace to retire and as a convenientplace for business with and travel toCentral and South America)3 When did the higher birth rateappear in the United States?(The birth rate appeared during ‘thebaby boom’[1946-1964]) ？？4 When was the Declaration ofIndependence adopted?(It was adopted on July4,1776)没背5Please write any three of the13 colonies the British establishedalong the east coast of NorthAmerica between 1607 and1733.(Virginia, Maine, New精品文库Hampshire)6What are the implications of the ‘Manifest Destiny’?The implications of ‘manifest Destiny’ are three fold(1)the inevitability of the founding of the United States of America;是必然的(2)the legitimacy 合法的of the expansion of America Territory美国领土; (3) the spread of American democracy美国民主being the task任务of American people who were cho sen to do the Lord’s work.没背7 What were the two serious weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?邦联条款They were:(1)There was no national executive or law-enforcing branch;没有执行或执法部门(2)Congress国会was too large a body to function功能as government. And Congress had no power to raise taxes.国会无权征税8What agreement did America and Britain sign in 1783 by which Britain recognized the independence of the United States? The Treaty of Paris9 What were the features in the colonial period which had influence on later American development?They were representive form of government, rule of law, respect of individual rights, religious tolerance and a strong spirit of individual enterprise.。
隋铭才《英语国家概况》笔记和课后答案pdf网课视频
隋铭才《英语国家概况》笔记和课后答案pdf网课视频上册（英国、美国）第1章英美社会生活1.1 复习笔记I. American Social Life1. The striking diversity of its people2. The “nuclear family”3. The gap between the poor and the rich is striking4. The morality of sex5. ViolenceII. British Social Life1. The two distinctions in the British society2. The different life styles in England3. A welfare state4. The living standards5. The concentration of populationI. American Social Life（美国的社会生活）1. The striking diversity of its people（惊人的人口多样性）The USA is a country that has more immigrants than any other country in the world. There are about 29 million black people in the USA who mainly came from Africa. The American Indians were the only indigenous people who had lived there long before America was discovered.美国是一个拥有比世界上任何其他国家更多的移民的国家，大约有2千9百万的非洲黑人。
美洲印第安人是唯一的本土人，他们早在美国大陆被发现之前就已经在此居住了。
张奎武《英美概况》笔记及习题(两次世界大战中的英国)【圣才出品】
第10章两次世界大战中的英国10.1 复习笔记I. Crisis Before the First World WarII. Britain in the First World WarIII. Aftermath of the WarIV. Depression and AppeasementV. Britain in the Second WorldI. Crisis Before the First World War (一战前的危机)1. The Liberals were returned to power in December 1905.2. The English working-class movement reached new heights with a wave of strikes between 1911 and 1914.3. The old capitalist countries, such as Britain, France, Spain and Portugal, gradually lagged behind.4. The First World War was an imperialist war.1. 1905年11月，工党重新掌权。
2. 1911—1914年，英国的工人运动达到了新的高潮。
3. 老牌资本主义国家英国，法国，西班牙和葡萄牙逐渐落后。
4. 第一次世界大战是帝国主义的战争。
II. Britain in the First World War (一战时的英国)1. England participated in the First World War with national efforts. Millions of soldiers were dead and English people suffered a lot. Although England won the war, the powerful empire was gone.2. The Germans signed an armistice, which came into force on November 11, 1918.1. 英国倾其国力参加一战，士兵伤亡渗重，人民倍受苦难。
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第22章假期和节日22.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. New Year’s DayⅡ. Martin Luther King’s Day (Third Monday of January)Ⅲ. Lincoln’s Birthday (February 12)Ⅳ. Valentine’s Day (February 14)Ⅴ. Washington’s Birthday (February 22)Ⅵ. Easter Sunday (A Sunday in March or April)Ⅶ. Memorial Day (Last Monday in May)Ⅷ. Independence Day (July 4)Ⅹ. Veterans’ Day (November 11)Ⅺ. Thanksgiving Day (Fourth Thursday of November)Ⅻ. Christmas Day (December 25)Ⅰ. New Year’s Day1. Actually the celebration of this holiday begins the night before—on New Year’s Eve. In many places people stay up late to watch the old year out and the new year in.2. On the first day of the New Year, there are a lot of activities. Mummers Paradeheld in Philadelphia is one of the most popular New Year’s Day activit ies.Ⅰ. 元旦1. 事实上，新年的庆祝活动开始于新年前夜。
在很多地方，人们熬夜守岁，共同迎接新的一年。
2. 新年的第一天，有很多的活动。
费城的面具游行是最受欢迎的新年活动之一。
Ⅱ. Martin Luther King’s Day (Third Monday of January)Martin Luther King delivered his best-known speech “I Have a Dream” before the Lincoln Memorial. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for peace in 1964. The third Monday of every January is now a federal holiday in Martin Luther King’s honor.Ⅱ. 马丁•路德•金日（一月的第三个星期日）马丁•路德•金在林肯纪念堂前发表了著名的演讲《我有一个梦想》。
1964年，他获得了诺贝尔和平奖。
每年一月的第三个星期日是纪念马丁•路德•金的节日。
Ⅲ. Lincoln’s Birthday (February 12)1. Abraham Lincoln led the country during Civil War (1861-1865) and saved the Union. On January 1, 1863. President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which officially freed all slaves in the United States. It was very sad that he was murdered less than a week after the war ended.2. Thousands of people visit the famous Lincoln Memorial every February.Ⅲ. 林肯的生日（二月十二）1. 亚伯拉罕•林肯领导美国人民取得内战（1861-1865）的胜利，拯救了联邦。
1863年1月1日，林肯总统发表了《解放黑人奴隶宣言》，正式解放了美国的所有奴隶。
很遗憾的是他在内战结束后不到一周的时间就被暗杀了。
2. 每年，成千上万的人在2月12日访问著名的林肯纪念堂。
Ⅳ. Valentine’s Day (February 14)1. Valentine’s Day is a day for lovers, and one of the loveliest holi days in the United States.2. It is very popular to send cards decorated with hearts and flowers to express love. Ⅳ. 情人节（二月十四日）1. 情人节是恋人的节日，是美国最可爱的节日之一。
2. 当天很流行情人们送饰有爱心的卡片和鲜花来表达爱意。
Ⅴ. Washington’s Birthday (February 22)1. George Washington is remembered as the first President of the United States of America, and also as “the Father of his Country”.2. The tall, white Washington Monument in the capital is a national memorial. Ⅴ. 华盛顿的生日（二月二十二日）1. 乔治•华盛顿是美国第一位总统，被称为“建国之父”。
2. 坐落在首都的高耸白色的华盛顿纪念碑是一个全国性的纪念。
Ⅵ. Easter Sunday (A Sunday in March or April)1. It is on the first Sunday after the full moon that occurs on or after March 21, andit is for celebrating the rising of Jesus Christ from his tomb.2. Of all the symbols, the egg and the hare, which are considered to represent fertility and new life, are those most frequently associated with Easter.Ⅵ. 复活节（三月或四月的某个周日）1. 复活节是在3月21日满月当天或之后的第一个星期日，主要是为了庆祝耶稣从他的坟墓里复活。
2. 所有的象征符号中，鸡蛋和兔子，代表着丰收和新生活，是和复活节联系最紧密的符号。
Ⅶ. Memorial Day (Last Monday in May)1. It is a day to honor the memory of those who have given their lives for their country.2. Today Americans celebrate it in various ways. Parades, bands, concerts, speeches and dinners are held in every American city.Ⅶ. 阵亡将士纪念日（五月的最后一个周一）1. 这一天是为了纪念为国家献出生命的人。
2. 现在，美国人用各种各样的方式庆祝它。
美国的每一个城市都举行游行、乐队、音乐会、演讲和晚宴。
Ⅷ. Independence Day (July 4)1. It is America’s most important patriotic holiday, the birthday of the nation.2. On July 4, 1776, the Continental Congress passed the Declaration of Independence and established a new nation.3. Now Independence Day is celebrated in all the states. The army marks the occasion by firing a thirteen-gun salute every year.Ⅷ. 独立日（七月四日）1. 这是美国最重要的爱国节日，是国庆节。
2. 1776年7月4日，大陆会议通过了《独立宣言》，建立了新的国家。
3. 现在，所有的州都庆祝独立日。
军队每年都要鸣13响礼炮来纪念这一节日。
Ⅸ. Halloween (October 31)1. Halloween is a night-time children’s holiday. It is a time for frightening costumes, masks, parties, games and tricks—all for fun.2. Children with curious masks go from house to house to frighten neighbors and threaten them with “Trick or treat”.Ⅸ. 万圣节（十月三十一日）1. 万圣节是一个儿童的夜间节日。
在这个时候，人们会穿着吓人的服装、戴着面具、参加派对、玩各种游戏和花招——都是为了好玩。
2. 孩子们带着奇怪的面具挨家挨户地吓唬邻居，并用“不给糖就捣蛋”来威胁他们。
Ⅹ. Veterans’ Day (November 11)1. It honors the memory of all men who have ever fought in defense of the country.2. People spend the day quietly at home and keep two minutes of silence at 11:00 a. m., hoping that future wars will be avoided forever and that people will live in a peaceful, friendly world.Ⅹ. 退伍军人节（十一月十一日）1. 这一天是为了纪念所有为保卫国家而浴血奋战的人。
2. 这一天，人们在家里很安静地度过，在中午11点的时候默哀2分钟，希望未来可以没有战争，人们都生活在一个和平，友好的世界。