ce2 地球物理方法原理 (测井部分) 教学课件
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3DEX INTERPRETATION METHOD
3DEX Configuration
z
Tx
x
Tz
y
Ty
l 3 Transmitters:
Tx Ty Tz
Rx
l 3 Receivers:
l Full Magnetic
Rz
Field Tensor
Hxx Hyx Hzx
Hxy Hyy Hzy Hxz Hyx Hzz
Resistivity: example
30 80
0.2
200
x545
Clean sand
Core
x580
x600
x630
Gamma ray
Thin beds
Production test
Laterologs 1750 BOPD GOR 3250
Principle of Measurement
Shale: low Rt
“Clean”
sd
Sands
Laminar Shale
Pay Zone
t,sd
sh
Laminar Sand-Shale Porosity Model
Volume of Sand = 50%
Sand = 35%
Assume Equal Volumes of
Sand & Shale
Shale = 15%
Sand: high Rt
Rh Rv
Sand-Shale Resistivity Model
Rh = 1.8 -m
Rv = 5.5 -m
Rsand = 10 Ohm-m
Rshale = 1 Ohm-m
1
10
Resistivity (Ohm-m)
Resistivity Response in Laminar Sand/Shale Sequences
Horizontal ‘Parallel Conductivity’ Tensor Component
C ho ( 1 r iV z slh a) m C sra C n sd h V a slh a le m
Isotropic Tensor Resistivity Equations
Isotropic Laminar Sand Conductivity Component
Effective (shale corrected) porosity
et V sh sh 1.5 7 %
shale = 15%
Volume of Shale = 50%
sd + (1 - sd ) • sh
sd
Total
sd • sh
sd = Vsh
Hale Waihona Puke BaiduVshale
sh
1- sd = Vsh
Modified, after Juhasz 1986
Thomas-Stieber, Juhasz Shale Distribution & Laminar Sand Porosity
Apparent Conductivity (mS/m)
Isotropic Tensor Resistivity Model
Vertical ‘Series Conductivity’ Tensor Component
1 (1Vshlam)rVshlamr Cvert Csand Cshale
Cvert Chorz
Laminated sand-shale sequences
Sands With Different Grain Size
Thin resistive or conductive streaks 20-30% of global reserves in anisotropic reservoirs
2020/6/17
10 m
Vertical resistivity
Sand resistivity
Horizontal resistivity
Resistivity (Linear scale)
Anisotropy
1 m 100%
50% Net / gross
Shale resistivity
0%
HDIL Configuration
6
z
5
4
l 1 Transmitter:
Tz
l7 3
Receivers: 2
7 Hzz
1
l 8 Frequencies (10 - 150 kHz)
0
Tz
2020/6/17
Isotropic and Anisotropic Responses
Logging Depth (m)
True Model
0
Rh
2
Rv
4
Hxx and Hzz Responses
0
Hxx isotropic
2
Hxx anisotropic
4
Hzz an/isotropic
6
6
8
8
10
10
12
12
14
14
16
10 -1
10 0
10 1
10 2
Resistivity (Ohm-m)
16
-1000 -500
0
500 1000
V( ) V V t sm das x la hm sm rdas xhsdh iss p dh is sph
Clean Sand Porosity
Laminar Shale
Dispersed Shale
Thomas-Stieber, Juhasz Shale Distribution & Laminar Sand Porosity
Volume of Shale = 50%
Two Component Porosity Model
Laminar Sand Porosity
Volume of Sand = 50%
sand = 35%
Total (average) measured porosity
tsh V sh sd V sd 2% 5
CsdCvertCCsshhCChveorrtz
Isotropic Laminar Shale Volume
Vshla
ChorzCsd mr CshCsd
2020/6/17
2020/6/17
Thomas-Stieber, Juhasz Shale Distribution & Laminar Sand Porosity
Ry l Multiple Frequencies (20 - 200 kHz)
Crossbeds & sand/shale & siltstones
Rv Rh
Crossbeds & sand/shale & siltstones
Rv Rh
Origin of Electrical Anisotropy
3DEX Configuration
z
Tx
x
Tz
y
Ty
l 3 Transmitters:
Tx Ty Tz
Rx
l 3 Receivers:
l Full Magnetic
Rz
Field Tensor
Hxx Hyx Hzx
Hxy Hyy Hzy Hxz Hyx Hzz
Resistivity: example
30 80
0.2
200
x545
Clean sand
Core
x580
x600
x630
Gamma ray
Thin beds
Production test
Laterologs 1750 BOPD GOR 3250
Principle of Measurement
Shale: low Rt
“Clean”
sd
Sands
Laminar Shale
Pay Zone
t,sd
sh
Laminar Sand-Shale Porosity Model
Volume of Sand = 50%
Sand = 35%
Assume Equal Volumes of
Sand & Shale
Shale = 15%
Sand: high Rt
Rh Rv
Sand-Shale Resistivity Model
Rh = 1.8 -m
Rv = 5.5 -m
Rsand = 10 Ohm-m
Rshale = 1 Ohm-m
1
10
Resistivity (Ohm-m)
Resistivity Response in Laminar Sand/Shale Sequences
Horizontal ‘Parallel Conductivity’ Tensor Component
C ho ( 1 r iV z slh a) m C sra C n sd h V a slh a le m
Isotropic Tensor Resistivity Equations
Isotropic Laminar Sand Conductivity Component
Effective (shale corrected) porosity
et V sh sh 1.5 7 %
shale = 15%
Volume of Shale = 50%
sd + (1 - sd ) • sh
sd
Total
sd • sh
sd = Vsh
Hale Waihona Puke BaiduVshale
sh
1- sd = Vsh
Modified, after Juhasz 1986
Thomas-Stieber, Juhasz Shale Distribution & Laminar Sand Porosity
Apparent Conductivity (mS/m)
Isotropic Tensor Resistivity Model
Vertical ‘Series Conductivity’ Tensor Component
1 (1Vshlam)rVshlamr Cvert Csand Cshale
Cvert Chorz
Laminated sand-shale sequences
Sands With Different Grain Size
Thin resistive or conductive streaks 20-30% of global reserves in anisotropic reservoirs
2020/6/17
10 m
Vertical resistivity
Sand resistivity
Horizontal resistivity
Resistivity (Linear scale)
Anisotropy
1 m 100%
50% Net / gross
Shale resistivity
0%
HDIL Configuration
6
z
5
4
l 1 Transmitter:
Tz
l7 3
Receivers: 2
7 Hzz
1
l 8 Frequencies (10 - 150 kHz)
0
Tz
2020/6/17
Isotropic and Anisotropic Responses
Logging Depth (m)
True Model
0
Rh
2
Rv
4
Hxx and Hzz Responses
0
Hxx isotropic
2
Hxx anisotropic
4
Hzz an/isotropic
6
6
8
8
10
10
12
12
14
14
16
10 -1
10 0
10 1
10 2
Resistivity (Ohm-m)
16
-1000 -500
0
500 1000
V( ) V V t sm das x la hm sm rdas xhsdh iss p dh is sph
Clean Sand Porosity
Laminar Shale
Dispersed Shale
Thomas-Stieber, Juhasz Shale Distribution & Laminar Sand Porosity
Volume of Shale = 50%
Two Component Porosity Model
Laminar Sand Porosity
Volume of Sand = 50%
sand = 35%
Total (average) measured porosity
tsh V sh sd V sd 2% 5
CsdCvertCCsshhCChveorrtz
Isotropic Laminar Shale Volume
Vshla
ChorzCsd mr CshCsd
2020/6/17
2020/6/17
Thomas-Stieber, Juhasz Shale Distribution & Laminar Sand Porosity
Ry l Multiple Frequencies (20 - 200 kHz)
Crossbeds & sand/shale & siltstones
Rv Rh
Crossbeds & sand/shale & siltstones
Rv Rh
Origin of Electrical Anisotropy