上海市七宝中学2016年高三英语模拟考试(一)

2016高三英语模拟考试II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Once just a science fiction idea, VR has now become more accessible than ever. (25) _________ (wear) a pair of VR goggles connected to your computer and you can experience a lot of things without stepping out of the room. From climbing (26) _________ (high) mountain in the world to flying a spacecraft, the things you can experience with VR are limitless.This new 'reality ' is starting to takeover China. The Report on Chinese VR Users' Behavior was released on March 18 during the 12th TFC Global Mobile Game Conference & Intelligent Entertainment Expo held in Beijing. The report is based on a survey of 5,626 people, (27) _________ (age) between 15 and 39, from across the country. It shows that up to 68.5 percent of people have heard of or are interested in VR products.But surprisingly, it isn't new technology that has made VR so popular. 'VR has been (28) _________ for many years, but it will stick this time because there's enough computer power and the price will just keep going down,' Todd Richmond, a VR group member with the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers in the US, told USA Today.VR (29) _________ (expect) to change various different fields. For example, VR could be used to train pilots and miners before they had to actually risk their lives in highly dangerous working environments, or to treat patients with acrophobia(恐高症）by making them think they were standing on top of a high building.'If you have perfect virtual reality, (30) _________ you'll be able to simulate everything that a human can experience or imagine experiencing,it's hard to imagine where you go from there,' Palmer Luckey, 23 inventor of the Oculus VR goggles, told NPR.But the technology is still far from perfect. Users report experiencing motion sickness, headaches and other discomfort while wearing VR goggles. Also, (31) _________ more and more tools are flooding the market, the software that runs VR games and simulators has yet to catch up with all the new advancements. It could take (32) _________ while for VR to be widely accepted.When every new technology is first introduced, the technology (33) _________ is the driving force. But for it to really blend into people's lives, meeting basic and practical needs should be the main aim.(B)It has become the talk of the town: A stranger allegedly attacked a woman in a Beijing hotel at night on April 3. The man is said to have clutched her by the neck and attempted to drag her into the elevator. Lodgers passed by, but no one tried to intervene until one woman did. Her actions are believed to (34) _________ (save) the victim from whatever was going to happen to her.The incident has pushed the risks of solo traveling into the spotlight. Online forums like Sina Weibo (35) _________ (flood) with advice for how women (36) _________ protect themselves when they find themselves alone.This case reminded many of the murder of Sarai Sierra, a 33-year-old New York woman. A homeless man killed her while she was traveling alone in Turkey in 2013. After the tragedy ,some netizens blamed Sierra for her own murder. One comment (37) _________ (read), 'A single woman traveling alone is risky . In a foreign country, it is downright foolish', another commenter wrote,'A woman has no business traveling alone.'Though gender does play into the rates and kinds of attacks a traveler might be subject to women and men need to beequally wary of potential risks. Last summer, a 19 -year-old American man allegedly found himself (38) _________ (lock) inside his Airbnb rental in Madrid, Spain. That's when his host tried to sexually assault him, the teen said.(39) _________ gender you are, it's always important to stay alert and never take any chances. Luo Chenyu, 22, is a senior student at Yunnan University. She went to Thailand last year on a campus exchange program. One night, she said she and a friend were walking on the street in Bangkok when they had the feeling a man was tailing them. They picked up their pace and walked into a nearby grocery store. Just as they expected, the man followed them into the store and lingered for a few moments but eventually left without buying anything.Luo and her friend felt lucky that the situation did not escalate. She also said her self-defense training helped her feel more prepared. 'I do a little karate. (40) _________ I'm not skilled enough to defeat the attacker, I might still earn some time so I could get away,' she said.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.criticismB.discourageC.shiftsD.institute AB.industry AC.establish AD.credit BC.standards BD.accommodate CD.leaves ABC.demonstrateAlthough Henry Ford's name is closely associated with the concept of mass production, he should receive equal (41) __________ for introducing labor practices as early as 1913 that would be considered advanced even by today's (42) __________ . Safety measures were improved, and the work day was reduced to eight hours, compared with the ten-or twelve-hour day common at the time. In order to (43) __________ the shorter work day, the entire factory was converted from two to three (44) __________ .In addition,sick (45) __________ as well as improved medical care for those injured on the job were instituted. The Ford Motor Company was one of the first factories to develop a technical school to train specialized skilled laborers and an English language school for immigrants. Some efforts were even made to hire the handicapped and provide jobs for former convicts.The most widely acclaimed innovation was the five-dollar-a-day minimum wage that was offered in order to recruit and retain the best mechanics and to (46) __________ the growth of labor unions. Ford explained the new wage policy in terms of efficiency and profit sharing. He also mentioned the fact that his employees would be able to purchase the automobiles that they produced - in effect creating a market for the product. In order to qualify for the minimum wage , an employee had to establish a decent home and (47) __________ good personal habits , including sobriety , thriftiness, (48) __________ , and dependability.Although some (49) __________ was directed at Ford for involving himself too much in the personal lives of his employees,there can be no doubt that, at a time when immigrants were being taken advantage of in frightful ways, Henry Ford was helping many people to (50) __________ themselves in America.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.President Obama's second Inaugural Address used soaring language to stress America's commitment to the dream of equality of opportunity: ‘We are true to our belief that a little girl born into (51) __________ knows that she has the same chance to succeed as anybody else, because she is an American.'The gap between ideal and reality could hardly be (52) __________. Today, the United States has less equality of opportunity than almost any other advanced industrial country. Study after study has (53) __________ the myth that America is a land of opportunity. A way of looking at equality of opportunity is to ask to what extent the life chances of a child are (54) __________ the education and income of his parents. Is it just as likely that a child of poor or poorly educated parents gets a good education and rises to the middle class as someone born to middle-class parents with college degrees? Even in a more democratic society, the answer would be no.How do we explain this? Some of it has to do with persistent discrimination. Latinos and African-Americans still get paid less than whites, and women still get paid less than men, (55) __________ they recently surpassed men in the number of advanced degrees they obtain. Discrimination, however, is only a small part of the (56) __________. Probably the most important reason for (57) __________ of equality of opportunity is education. After World War II, we made a major effort to (58) __________ higher education to Americans across the country. But then we changed, in several ways. While racial segregation decreased, economic segregation increased. After 1980, the poor grew poorer, the middle stagnated(停滞不前), and the top did better and better. A result was a widening gap in educational performance - the (59) __________ gap between rich and poor kids born in 2001 was 30 to 40 percent larger than it was for those born 25 years earlier, a Stanford sociologist found. Of course, there are other forces (60) __________. Children in rich families get more exposure to reading.Children in rich families get more exposure to reading. Their families can afford enriching experiences like music lessons and summer camp. They get better nutrition and health care, which enhance their learning, directly and indirectly.Now Americans are coming to realize that without substantial policy changes, their long cherished belief is only a myth. It is unreasonable that a rich country like the United States has made (61) __________ to higher education so difficult for those at the bottom and middle. There are many (62) __________ ways of providing chances for more to receive higher education, from Australia's income-contingent loan program to the near-free system of universities in Europe. A more educated population yields greater innovation, and a robust economy. Those benefits are why we've long been (63) __________ to fee public education through 12th grade. But while a 12th-grade education might have been enough a century ago, it isn't today. Yet we haven't (64) __________ our system to contemporary realities.The steps I've outlined are not just affordable but necessary. Even more important, though, is that we cannot afford to let our country drift farther from (65) __________ that the vast majority of Americans share. We will never fully succeed in achieving Mr. Obama's vision of a poor girl's having exactly the same opportunities as a wealthy girl. But we could do much, much better, and must not rest until we do.51. A.prejudice B.inferior C.poverty D.minority52. A.narrower B.wider C.severer D.closer53. A.conducted B.concluded C.excluded D.exposed54. A.distinct from B.feasible by C.superior to D.dependent on55. A.even though B.as though C.only if D.as if56. A.photograph B.picture C.atmosphere D.condition57. ck B.leak C.explosion D.extinction58. A.exhibit B.explore C.extend D.exploit59. A.scholarship B.satisfaction C.achievement D.ambition60. A.at play B.under control C.in use D.on show61. A.devotion B.familiarity C.application D.access62. A.imaginative B.alternative C.initiative D.productive63. A.admitted B.addicted mitted D.restricted64. A.abandoned B.adjusted C.altered D.applied65. A.memories B.glory C.reality D.idealsSection BDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)WOMEN have been driving yellow cabs in New York since the 1940s, but 99% of drivers are male. Even among drivers of cars booked by phone or online, only 4% are women. That may change with the launch of SheTaxis, an app that lets female passengers insist on female drivers, and vice versa.It will be available in New York City (where it will be called 'SheRides'), Westchester and Long Island, and the firm plans to expand to other cities. Stella Mateo, the founder, is betting that quite a few women are nervous and weary of getting into cars driven by men. The service may also appeal to those whose religious beliefs forbid them to travel with unrelated men. Each driver wears a pink pashmina. Men who ask for a ride will be directed to another car service.Similar services thrive in India, South Africa and several Middle Eastern cities. Some Brazilian and Mexican cities offer women-only public-transport programmes known as 'pink transport'. Japan has had women-only railway carriages on and off since 1912. Known as hana densha (flower trains), they offer a haven from the gropers who make rush hour in Tokyo so disagreeable. Women-only hotel floors are popular, too.But SheTaxis faces two speed bumps. One is practical. Demand has been so great that the firm has had to decelerate its launch until it can recruit 500 drivers. The other obstacle is legal. By employing only female drivers, SheTaxis is obviously discriminating against men. Since anti-discrimination law is not always applied with common sense, that may be illegal. And there is no shortage of potential litigants. Yellow cabbies are furious at the growth of online taxi firms such as Uber. 'It's not hard to imagine a guy...filing suit,' says Sylvia Law of New York University Law School. SheTaxi's defence would probably be that its drivers are all independent contractors.Because the firm caters only to women, it is discriminating against male customers, too. Is that legal? Angela Cornell of Cornell Law School thinks there could be a loophole. New York's Human Rights Commission could make an exemption on the ground that SheTaxi offers a service that is in the public interest: women feel safer not getting into cars with strange men. Women-only colleges are allowed, so why not women-only cabs? The snag is that some men may also feel safergetting into cabs with female drivers. A study in 2010 found that 80% of crashes in New York City that kill or seriously injure pedestrians involve male drivers. Women drivers are simply better.66. It can be inferred that the service of SheTaxis may appeal to__________.A.women who are nervous about taxi driversB.women with certain religious beliefsC.women who are tired of taking taxisD.men who ask for a ride67. The word 'gropers' (para.3) probably refers to__________.A. people who cause a traffic jamB. men who make sexual harassment to womenC. men who cause the rush hour in TokyoD. people who make taking trains disagreeable68. If She Taxis is accused of discriminating against men, it may __________.A. decelerate its launch as an online taxi firmB.employ both male and female driversC.make anti-discrimination law not applicableD.spring to the defence of its drivers69. SheTaxi may be exempt (被豁免的) from illegality by New York's Human Rights Commission because __________.A.its service provided is based on the public interestB.it discriminates against male passengersC.it provides service also for male passengersD.it decreases crashes cause scrashes caused by male drivers(B)It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on by way of the group's online service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: 'We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn't just something that happened in Australia. It's world history.'The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill Law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches,right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the hurry of its passage.But the tide is unlikely to turn back.In Australia—where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength,observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death —probably by a deadly injection or pill —to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed (诊断) as Terminally Ill by two doctors. After a 'cooling off' period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill Law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. 'I'm not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I'd go, because I've watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,' he says.70. From the second paragraph we learn that __________.A. the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countriesB. physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasiaC. changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hurry passage of the lawD. it takes time to realize the significance of the law's passage71.When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, he means __________.A. observers are taking a wait-and see attitude towards the future of euthanasiaB. similar bills are likely to be passed in the US,Canad and other countriesC. observer are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoesD. the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop72. When Lloyd Nickson dies,he will __________.A. face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasiaB. experience the suffering of a lung cancer patientC. have an intense fear of terrible sufferingD. undergo a cooling off period of seven days73. The author's attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of __________.A.oppositionB.suspicionC.approvalD.indifference(C)Over the weekend, NASA’s newest Mars rover, the Curiosity, which landed early on Aug. 6 after an eight-month flight, started sending back a 360-degree high-resolution panorama of its surroundings.At a news conference on Wednesday, John P. Grotzinger, a professor of geology at the Califor-nia Institute of Technology who serves as the mission’s project scientist, compared the view with a place just a few hours’ drive from Pasadena, Calif, and NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the rover’s birthplace. “You would really be forgiven for thinking that NASA was trying to pull a fast one on you,” he said, “and we actually put a rover out in the Mojave Desert and took a picture—a little L.A.(Los Angeles) smog coming in there.” He added, “To a certain extent, the first impression you get is how Earth-like it seems.”Where the Curiosity actually sits is a 96-mile-wide crater named Gale near the Martian equator. To the north, the images show part of the crater rim that is believed to have been eroded by flowing water. To the south is a 3.4-mile-high peak that the scientists call Mount Sharp, which Curiosity is meant to reach and to climb. By investigating the layers of sedimentary rock on Mount Sharp, mission scientists hope to reconstruct the climate and environment of early Mars and tell whether it could have been once been habitable for life.The photos also show marks that Curiosity has made at the landing site. As Curiosity was lowered to the surface of Mars, blasts from the descent-stage engines created indentations in the nearby soil, exposing the bedrock below. This exposed bedrock is likely to be one of the first areas of scientific exploration on the rover’s planned two-year journey.After the flawless landing, the first week of operations of the rover on the ground also proceeded almost perfectly, too, as engineers started checking out the rover’s system, deployed the high-gain antenna, and raised the mast that holds the cameras.So far, no significant trouble has arisen. The weather instrument experienced a problem that engineers figured out a day later. The rover’s internal temperatures are slightly warmer than expected, possibly because the crater is warmer than predicted or because NASA’s computer models of Curiosity were not quite right. Worries about overheating could put constraints on when certain instruments can be used. But the heat is also a boon, reducing the energy Curiosity needs to warm up its joints and wheels before moving.74. Where is the rover Curiosity’s real location?A. In the middle Mojave Desert near its birthplace in the US.B. To the south of crater Gale that is near the Martian equator.C. Near the Martian equator which is eroded by flowing water.D. On top of a 3.4-mile-high peak which used to be habitable.75. It can be inferred from the passage that the rover’s investigation ________.A. is likely to start with the study of the rocks on MarsB. is determined on the reconstruction of the climate on MarsC. started immediately after the rover’s perfect landingD. can only begin after a week’s preparation on the ground76. What caused the rover’s unexpected warmer internal temperature?A. A minor problem of the weather instrument.B. Problems of NASA’s computer models of Curiosity.C. The impact on the rover during landing.D. Overheating of certain instrument in the rover.77. What is the main idea of the passage?A. How earthlike the surface of Mars is.B. The success landing of Curiosity.C. NASA’s achievement in investigating Mars.D. How far the mission of Curiosity has gone.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Outdoor air pollution leads to more than 3 million premature deaths each year, and more than two thirds of them occur in China and India, according to new research. The authors estimate that without government intervention, the total number of deaths could double by 2050.The study, published in the journal Nature, identifies particulate matter(悬浮粒) as the prime pollutant leading to premature mortality. Particulate matter, a substance formed as a combination of different materials released into the air, is thought to be harmful to human health once it exceeds 2.5 micrometers in diameter. Researchers also identified ozone as a contributor to dangerous air quality.The causes of air pollution vary dramatically from place to place. In India and China, the study says, emissions from residential heating and cooling drive air pollution by creating unhealthy quantities of smoke. Overall, residential heating emissions cause one third of air pollution-related deaths worldwide.In highly regulated areas, like the United States, Europe and Japan, emissions from agriculture tend to be primary contributors to air pollution. Fertilizer used in agriculture releases ammonia into atmosphere, a process that creates harmful particulate matter. Globally, air pollution from agriculture kills more than 600,000 people annually, the study finds.The findings are consistent with a 2014 report from the World Health Organization that suggested that 7 million deaths occur annually due to both indoor and outdoor air pollution.The study’s conclusions give a sense of urgency to efforts to reduce air pollution but present challenges because of difficulty regulating heating activity in people’s homes, according to study author Jos Lelieveld. People who live in the most affected areas should be provided with information about less toxic heating methods, he said.‘It’s important to reduce emissions from residential energy us,’ Lelieveld said on a conference call for journalists. ‘You can’t ask people to stop eating and cooking, but you can provide better technologies.’Air pollution contributes to a variety of ailments that eventually lead to premature mortality like lung cancer, stroke and heart failure, according to the study. Another study published this week in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives reached similar conclusions showing the devastating(毁灭性的) effects of pollution on individual health. Researchers found that chronic exposure to particulate matter increases the chance of early death by 13%. That risk isespecially high for heart disease; the chance a person will die of heart disease increases by around 10% with chronic exposure to particulate matter.Researchers found that the number of deaths is expected to double by 2050 without new government policies. Nearly all of the increase will occur in Asia, according to the report.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. According to the study, __________________________ is the dominating cause of early death.79. How come agriculture gives rise to air pollution?80. What can be done about residential energy use to reduce air pollution?81.The author wrote the article to __________________________________ .第II 卷(共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.原来那位女商人从没出过国，也根本不是什么华侨。