2018美赛F题人工翻译(科研交流出品)
历年美赛题目解法
历年美赛题目解法全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：历年美赛是美国工程建模大赛的简称，每年都会赛出许多优秀的选手和团队。
这项比赛主要是针对工程、数学和科学领域的学生，通过一个实际问题来展开建模和解答。
在历年美赛中，团队们面对的题目各不相同，有些题目会比较复杂，需要综合运用多门学科知识进行解答，而有些则相对简单，更注重创新和解决问题的方法。
在历年美赛题目中，有一些常见的解法和技巧可以帮助团队更好地应对挑战。
要充分理解问题，深入分析问题背景和要求，确保对题目的理解没有偏差。
要根据问题的特点和要求确定合适的数学模型，并运用各种数学方法和工具加以求解。
要善于利用计算机编程技巧来实现模型的建立和求解，以提高工作效率和准确性。
解题过程中，团队成员之间要密切合作，充分发挥各自的专长和优势，共同攻克问题。
在解答过程中，要及时调整思路和方法，灵活运用各种技巧和工具，以找到最优解。
在完成模型和解答后，要进行有效的分析和讨论，检查模型的合理性和稳定性，确保解答的准确性和可靠性。
在历年美赛题目中，有一些经典的解题思路和方法，被广泛应用于不同领域的问题中。
运用线性规划方法求解最优化问题，采用动态规划算法处理序列型问题，利用离散事件模拟技术模拟系统行为，通过随机过程分析系统性能等。
团队在解答问题时，可以参考这些经典方法，并根据实际情况进行创新和调整，以获得更好的结果。
在参加历年美赛的过程中，团队可以积累丰富的经验和知识，不断提高解题能力和创新意识。
通过与其他团队的交流和比赛，也能够拓展视野，学习他人的优秀经验和做法。
在解题过程中，要保持耐心和坚持，不断克服困难和挑战，直至最终获得满意的解答。
在历年美赛题目解法中，关键的是全面理解问题，切实分析和建立数学模型，灵活应用各种方法和技巧，团队配合紧密，有效沟通和讨论，并不断实践和改进。
通过不断练习和磨炼，团队可以在历年美赛中取得优异的成绩，展现出自己的才华和实力。
希望各位参赛者能够在历年美赛中不断进步，取得更好的成绩，展现出自己的独特魅力和价值。
2013年美赛A题翻译
The Ultimate Brownie PanWhen baking in a rectangular pan heat is concentrated in the 4 corners and the product gets overcooked at the corners (and to a lesser extent at the edges). In a round pan the heat is distributed evenly over the entire outer edge and the product is not overcooked at the edges. However, since most ovens are rectangular in shape using round pans is not efficient with respect to using the space in an oven. Develop a model to show the distribution of heat across the outer edge of a pan for pans of different shapes - rectangular to circular and other shapes in between.Assume1. A width to length ratio of W/L for the oven which is rectangular in shape.2. Each pan must have an area of A.3. Initially two racks in the oven, evenly spaced.Develop a model that can be used to select the best type of pan (shape) under the following conditions:1. Maximize number of pans that can fit in the oven (N)2. Maximize even distribution of heat (H) for the pan3. Optimize a combination of conditions (1) and (2) where weights p and (1- p) are assigned to illustrate how the results vary with different values of W/L and p.In addition to your MCM formatted solution, prepare a one to two page advertising sheet for the new Brownie Gourmet Magazine highlighting your design and results.终极巧克力蛋糕锅当用一个矩形的锅烘烤时，热量在四个角上积聚使得角上的食物烘烤过度（或者说是边缘烘烤过度）。
2018年上半年CATTI英语三级笔译实务真题及详细答案(精品)
2018年上半年CATTI英语三级笔译实务真题目录2018年上半年CATTI英语三级笔译实务真题 (1)2018年上半年CATTI英语三级笔译实务真题详细答案 (4)(总分100, 做题时间180分钟)Part Ⅰ TranslationDirections:For this part,you are allowed to translate a passage from English into Chinese .All Luciano Faggiano wanted when he purchased the seemingly unremarkable building at 56 Via Ascanio Grandi, was to open a restaurant. The only problem was the toilet. Sewage kept backing up. So Mr. Faggiano enlisted his two older sons to help him dig a trench and investigate. He predicted the job would take about a week. “We found underground corridors and other rooms, so we kept digging,”said Mr. Faggiano, 60. His search for a sewage pipe, which began in 2000, became one family’s tale of discovery.Lecce was once a critical crossroads in the Mediterranean. Severo Martini, a member of the City Council, said archaeological relics turn up on a regular basis —and can present a headache for urban planning. A project to build a shopping mall had to be redesigned after the discovery of an ancient Roman temple beneath the site of a planned parking lot.One week quickly passed, as father and sons discovered a tomb of the Messapians, who lived in the region centuries before the birth of Jesus. Soon, the family discovered a chamber used to store grain by the ancient Romans.If this history only later became clear, what was immediately obvious was that finding the pipe would be a much bigger project than Mr. Faggiano had anticipated. He did not initially tell his wife about the extent of the work. He tied a rope around the chest of his youngest son, Davide, then 12, and lowered him to dig in small, darkened openings. “I made sure to tell him not to tell his mama,”he said. His wife, , soon became suspicious. “We had all these dirty clothes, every day,”she said. “I didn’t understand what was going on.After watching the Faggiano men haul away debris in the back seat of the family car, neighbors also became suspicious and notified the authorities. Investigators arrived and shut down the excavations, warning Mr. Faggiano against operating an unapproved archaeological work site. Mr. Faggiano responded that he was just looking for a sewage pipe.A year passed. Finally, Mr. Faggiano was allowed to resume his pursuit of the sewage pipe on condition that heritage officials observed the work. An underground treasure house emerged, as the family uncovered ancient vases, Roman devotional bottles, an ancient ring with Christian symbols, medieval artifacts, hidden frescoes and more. Today,the building is Museum Faggiano, an independent archaeological museum authorized by the Lecce government.Mr. Faggiano is now satisfied with his museum, but he has not forgotten about the restaurant. A few years into his excavation, he finally found his sewage pipe. It was, indeed, broken. He has since bought another building and is again planning for a restaurant, assuming it does not need any renovations. “I still want it,”he said of the restaurant. “I’m very stubborn.”Part ⅡTranslationDirections:For this part,you are allowed to translate a passage from Chinese into English.“本研究院成立于1968年2月20日。
2018年大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)C类初赛真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2018年大学生英语竞赛（NECCS）C类初赛真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Listening Comperhension 2. V ocabulary and Structure 3. Cloze 4. Reading Comperhension 5. Error Correction 6. Translation 7. IQ Test 8. WritingPart I Listening ComperhensionSection A听力原文：M Hi, Annie. I want to thank you for teaching me how to make a homepage. Without your help, I could have failed in the computer course again. W Oh, it was my pleasure. So, you passed the course?M Yes, I got an A!W Ah, good for you! Congratulations!Question What did Annie do for the man?1．A．She maintained a homepage for him.B．She gave him a high mark in a course.C．She taught him some computer knowledge.D．She encouraged him to take a computer course.正确答案：C解析：安妮教会男士如何制作主页，男士因此在计算机课程中获得了好成绩，所以向安妮道谢。
故选C。
听力原文：M When you quit smoking you have to change your lifestyle. I had to stop drinking too much beer, because when I drank, it made me want to smoke. I started eating more fruit and vegetable and I cut down on red meat. W Yeah, that makes sense. Change your diet...change your lifestyle...start a new you!M So far the toughest time is when I’ m hanging out with friends in clubs, bars or KTVs. And...the doctor told me to keep my mouth and hands busy!Question Why does the man change his lifestyle?2．A．Alcoholism cost him his health.B．He is determined to give up smoking.C．His girlfriend asked for a quiet life.D．The doctor advised him against overeating.正确答案：B解析：男士诉说戒烟需要改变生活方式。
英语翻译三级笔译实务真题2018年5月及答案解析
英语翻译三级笔译实务真题2018年5月及答案解析
(1/1)SectionⅠEnglish Chinese Translation
Translate the following two passages into Chinese .
第1题
All Luciano Faggiano wanted when he purchased the seemingly unremarkable building at 56 Via Ascanio Grandi, was to open a restaurant. The only problem was the toilet. Sewage kept backing up. So Mr. Faggiano enlisted his two older sons to help him dig a trench and investigate. He predicted the job would take about a week. “We found underground corridors and other rooms, so we kept digging,” said Mr. Faggiano, 60. His search for a sewage pipe, which began in 2000, became one family’s tale of discovery.
2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷(一)(题后含答案及解析)
2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷（一）(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. Reading Comprehension 4. TranslationPart I Writing1．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between employers and employees. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.正确答案：The Importance of Building Trust Between Employers and Employees Trust is the cornerstone of any relationships, which is also applicable to workplace. As the founder of Alibaba, Jack Ma once said, “ The biggest breakthrough of choosing and employing people is to trust them. “Thus, building trust between employers and employees is of vital significance. Trust contributes a lot to the benign development of companies and creates a win-win outcome for both companies and individuals. On the one hand, with the trust in employees, employers will entrust them with the most crucial missions, thus promoting the job performance and career development of employees. On the other hand, mutual trust can provide impetus for employees. They will be highly motivated, willing to work harder and will strive for a better prospect of the company. Take a prestigious company Tencent for example. People in this company attach great importance to trust and work together to make Tencent one of the top ten companies in China. All in all, trust is the precious wealth that should be valued by both employers and employees. There is no doubt that the trust between the two parties should be built, and only by doing so can our society become more prosperous and harmonious.解析：这是一篇议论文写作。
建模美赛C题带翻译
Problem C: “Cooperate and navigate”Traffic capacity is limited in many regions of the United States due to the number of lanes of roads. For example, in the Greater Seattle area drivers experience long delays during peak traffic hours because the volume of traffic exceeds the designed capacity of the road networks. This is particularly pronounced on Interstates 5, 90, and 405, as well as State Route 520, the roads of particular interest for this problem.Self-driving, cooperating cars have been proposed as a solution to increase capacity of highways without increasing number of lanes or roads. The behavior of these cars interacting with the existing traffic flow and each other is not well understood at this point.The Governor of the state of Washington has asked for analysis of the effects of allowing self-driving, cooperating cars on the roads listed above in Thurston, Pierce, King, and Snohomish counties. (See the provided map and Excel spreadsheet). In particular, how do the effects change as the percentage of self-driving cars increases from 10% to 50% to 90%? Do equilibria exist? Is there a tipping point where performance changes markedly? Under what conditions, if any, should lanes be dedicated to these cars? Does your analysis of your model suggest any other policy changes?Your answer should include a model of the effects on traffic flow of the number of lanes, peak and/or average traffic volume, and percentage of vehicles using self-driving, cooperating systems. Your model should address cooperation between self-driving cars as well as the interaction between self- driving and non-self-driving vehicles. Your model should then be applied to the data for the roads of interest, provided in the attached Excel spreadsheet.Your MCM submission should consist of a 1 page Summary Sheet, a 1-2 page letter to the Governor’s office, and your solution (not to exceed 20 pages) for a maximum of 23 pages. Note: The appendix and references do not count toward the 23 page limit. Some useful background information:On average, 8% of the daily traffic volume occurs during peak travel hours.•The nominal speed limit for all these roads is 60 miles per hour.•Mileposts are numbered from south to north, and west to east.•Lane widths are the standard 12 feet.•Highway 90 is classified as a state route until it intersects Interstate 5.•In case of any conflict between the data provided in this problem and any other source, use the data provided in this problem.Definitions:milepost: A marker on the road that measures distance in miles from either the start of the route or astate boundary.average daily traffic: The average number of cars per day driving on the road.interstate: A limited access highway, part of a national system.state route: A state highway that may or may not be limited access.route ID: The number of the highway.increasing direction: Northbound for N-S roads, Eastbound for E-W roads.decreasing direction: Southbound for N-S roads, Westbound for E-W roads.问题C：“合作和导航”由于道路的数量，美国许多地区的交通容量有限。
美赛一等奖论文-中文翻译版
目录问题回顾 (3)问题分析： (4)模型假设： (6)符号定义 (7)4.1---------- (8)4.2 有热水输入的温度变化模型 (17)4.2.1模型假设与定义 (17)4.2.2 模型的建立The establishment of the model (18)4.2.3 模型求解 (19)4.3 有人存在的温度变化模型Temperature model of human presence (21)4.3.1 模型影响因素的讨论Discussion influencing factors of the model (21)4.3.2模型的建立 (25)4.3.3 Solving model (29)5.1 优化目标的确定 (29)5.2 约束条件的确定 (31)5.3模型的求解 (32)5.4 泡泡剂的影响 (35)5.5 灵敏度的分析 (35)8 non-technical explanation of the bathtub (37)Sｕmｍary人们经常在充满热水的浴缸里得到清洁和放松。
本文针对只有一个简单的热水龙头的浴缸，建立一个多目标优化模型，通过调整水龙头流量大小和流入水的温度来使整个泡澡过程浴缸内水温维持基本恒定且不会浪费太多水。
首先分析浴缸中水温度变化的具体情况。
根据能量转移的特点将浴缸中的热量损失分为两类情况:沿浴缸四壁和底面向空气中丧失的热量根据傅里叶导热定律求出；沿水面丧失的热量根据水由液态变为气态的焓变求出。
因涉及的参数过多,将系数进行回归分析的得到一个一元二次函数。
结合两类热量建立了温度关于时间的微分方程。
加入阻滞因子考虑环境温湿度升高对水温的影响,最后得到水温度随时间的变化规律(见图＊*)。
优化模型考虑保持水龙头匀速流入热水的情况。
将过程分为浴缸未加满和浴缸加满而水从排水口溢出的两种情况，根据能量守恒定律优化上述微分方程,建立一个有热源的情况下水的温度随时间变化的分段模型，（见图*＊)接下来考虑人在浴缸中对水温的影响。
2018年华南理工大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2018年华南理工大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Translate each of the following statements into Chinese (50):1. John saw the writing on the wall for the British car industry two decades ago. 【答案】约翰在二十年前就意识到了英国汽车行业的不祥之兆。
2. Without tools man is nothing, with tools, he is all.【答案】没有工具，人是无能为力的；有了工具，人才能大显神通。
3. There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of Trump.【答案】特朗普的性格既残暴又狡猾。
4. Snow was treated very shabbily by the U.S. press and officialdom during this period, victimized for his views.【答案】在这期间，斯诺受到了美国新闻界和政界极不公正的对待，由于他的观点，他受到了迫害。
5. Our journey has brought us halfway across northern China.【答案】我们在中国北部的旅行已经过半。
6. I was, and remain, grateful for the part he played in my election.【答案】我的当选是他成全的，对此我过去很感激，现在仍然很感激。
7. Rainbows are formed when sunlight passes through small drops of water in thesky.【答案】彩虹是阳光透过空气中的小水珠时形成的。
2018科技英语翻译整理
2018科技英语翻译上篇(共20个)1.P.23 例2This type of spring is extensively used in electrical instruments,and deserves special consideration.这种弹簧广泛应用于电工仪表中，因此值得专门考虑一下。
2. P.24 例3If the reaction took hours,and not seconds,the fuel costs would be prohibitive.如果这一反应要花费数小时，而不是几秒钟，燃料费就太高了。
3. P.24 例7Keep the batteries in dry places,and electricity may not be made to leak away.（如果）把蓄电池放在干燥的地方，就不会漏电。
4. P.25 例12In other words mineral substances which are found on earch must be extracted by digging,boring holes,artificial explosions,or similar operations which make them available to us.换言之，矿物就是存在于地球上，但必须经过挖掘、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。
5. P.25 例14The solar wind grossly distorts the earth’s magnetic field,dragging it out to a long tail. 太阳风使地球磁场的形状发生很大的变化，将它向外拉牵，扯出一条长尾。
6. P.26 例17The substitution of some rolling friction for sliding friction results in a very considerable reduction in friction.用滚动摩擦代替滑动摩擦，会大幅度减少摩擦力。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
本次为科研交流工作室免费人工翻译版本，请不要用于商业用途，谢谢合作！
问题F：隐私成本问题
人们依赖的电子通讯和社交媒体已经被广泛传播。一个结果是，有些人似乎愿意
分享私人信息（PI），包括他们的个人互动、人际关系、购买记录、信仰、健康
和运动等，而其他人在这些领域的隐私是非常重要和宝贵的。在这里还有显著的
不同领域隐私选择的差异。例如，有些人为了迅速降价，肯放弃购买信息的保护，
但同时，也不太可能分享有关他们的疾病状况或健康风险的信息。
同样，如果他们认为个人或社区存在一定风险，一些群体或亚群可能不愿意泄露
特定类型的个人信息。可能的风险涉及安全、金钱、贵重物品、知识产权或个
人的损失。其他风险包括职业窘迫、职位或工作的丧失、社会损失（友谊）、社
会污名化或边缘化。一个对政府持不同政见者的政府雇员可能愿意为维护他们的
利益而付出代价。社会媒体数据隐私，一个年轻的大学生可能觉察不到压力限制
他们发表政治观点或社会信息。看来，个人选择PI保护和网络空间中的系统安
全可以在自由要素中创造风险和回报、隐私、便利、社会地位、经济利益和医疗。
私人信息（PI）类似于私人个人财产（PP）和知识产权（IP）吗？一旦合法取得，
可以将PI出售给其他有权利的人或对信息的所有权吗？当人类活动的详细信息
和元数据成为越来越有价值的社会信息，特别是在医学研究领域、疾病蔓延、
救灾、企业（如市场、保险和收入）、个人行为记录、信仰和身体运动的陈述，
这些数据和详细信息可能成为有价值的、可量化的商品。在自己的私有数据中进
行一系列的交易时，在信息领域（例如购买、社交媒体、医疗）和分组（如公民
身份、专业概况、年龄）中可能存在不同的风险和利益。
我们能量化电子通信和交易的隐私成本吗？也就是说，保持PI保护的货币价值
是多少，或者它的成本是多少？或者其他人使用或使用PI要多少钱？政府应该
监管这方面的信息吗？还是留给隐私行业或个人更好？这些信息和隐私问题仅
仅是个人的吗？个人必须做出评估以做出自己的选择并提供自己的保护吗？
在评估隐私成本时，有几件事需要考虑。首先，数据共享是公共利益吗？例如，
疾病控制中心可以利用这些数据追踪疾病的传播情况，以防止疾病进一步的爆发。
其他的例子包括管理风险人群，如16岁以下儿童、有自杀危险的人和老年人。
此外，想想那些企图隐藏他们活动的极端分子集团，该数据出于国家安全方面的
考虑由政府跟踪值得担忧吗？考虑一个人的浏览器、电话系统和
他们的个性化广告的互联网产品，这个定制价值多少？总的来说，在评估隐私成
本时，我们需要考虑所有这些权衡。保持数据私有以及通过这样做失去了什么
呢？
作为一个国家决策者的政策分析小组，你们团队的任务是：
任务1：开发一个价格点，在各种应用程序中保护个人隐私和PI。以
对这个进行评估，您可能希望将个人划分为具有合理相似性的子组。
什么是一组参数和措施，需要考虑准确地建模风险，以说明这两方面：1）个人
的特点，2）特定领域的信息的特点？
本次为科研交流工作室免费人工翻译版本，请不要用于商业用途，谢谢合作！
任务2：给定任务1的一组参数和措施，隐私的成本模型至少有三个领域（社交
媒体、金融交易和健康/医疗记录）。在你的基本模型中考虑保持数据保护的权衡
和风险如何影响您的模型。你可以考虑给一定的权衡和风险更多的权重以及权重
的分层亚组或类别。考虑数据的不同基本元素（例如姓名、出生日期、性别、社
会保障或国籍号码）如何有助于你的模型。这些元素中的一些比其他元素更值
钱吗？例如，一个名字的价值和一个人的名字的价值相比哪个价值更高一些？你
的模型应该为PI设计一个定价结构。
任务3：之前，人们还不知道哪些机构购买了他们的PI，他们的PI价值多少，
或者PI是如何使用的。目前正在提出新的建议，将使PI成为一种商品。利用您
在任务2中生成的定价结构，建立个人、团体和整个国家的定价制度。随着数据
成为受市场波动影响的商品，考虑供给力和对PI的需求？假设人们有控制权出
售自己的数据，这将如何改变模型呢？
任务4：什么是模型的假设和约束？假设与约束应该来自政府法规（如价格等数
据保护条例，特定的数据保护，例如某些可能不受经济系统影响的记录）和文化
政治问题。根据你的模型和政治文化问题，是否在考虑政策的时候，信息隐私权
应建议成为一项基本人权。考虑引入一个动态元素到你的模型中，通过介绍人类
决策中随着时间的变化而改变的个人价值，这里包括他们自己的数据（例如姓名、
地址、图片等个人数据）、交易数据（例如在线购买，搜索历史）和社会媒体数
据（如帖子、图片）。
任务5：对PI和数据隐私的风险收益比率的感知有代际差异吗？随着年龄的增
长，这是如何改变模型的呢？PI是如何不同或类似于PP和IP？
任务6：如何解释人类数据是高度关联的，并且每个人的行为经常都与他人高度
相关。一个人的数据可以提供关于他们在社交、职业、经济或其他方面的信息
人口连接。因此，个人决定分享自己的数据可能会影响无数的人。有没有很好的
方法来捕获数据共享的网络效应？这是否影响到个人、子群、整个社区和国家的
价格体系？如果社区有共同的隐私风险，社区有责任保护公民的权益吗？
任务7：考虑大规模数据泄露的影响，数百万人的PI被盗并在黑暗网上出售，
被作为身份盗窃团伙的一部分出售或用作赎金。这种PI丢失或级联事件是如何
影响您的模型的？既然你有一个定价系统，可以量化每个个人损失类型的数据的
价值，那么数据违规的责任机构应该直接向个人支付滥用或丢失PI的费用吗？
任务8：根据这个问题的策略建模，向决策者写一份关于效用、结果和建议的两
页策略备忘录。请务必指定建议中包含哪些类型的PI。
您的提交应包括：
1.一页摘要表；
2.两页的备忘录；
3.解答不超过20页，加上摘要和备忘录最多为23页。
本次为科研交流工作室免费人工翻译版本，请不要用于商业用途，谢谢合作！
注：参考目录和任何附件，不计入23页的限制，应该在完成解决方案之后出现。
欢迎加入美赛F题交流群，一起讨论交流