状语从句教师版

状语从句学习目标：懂得状语从句的定义，句法功能，分类，引导词，及各类状语从句的用法，联系高考试题提高学生分析和解决问题的能力。

学习方法：自主学习讲义内容，独立完成题目并且小组讨论达标练习和巩固练习。

概念及分类：用来修饰谓语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句。

状语从句可分为：1.时间状语从句；2.地点状语从句；3.原因状语从句； 4.条件状语从句；5.让步状语从句；6.目的状语从句；7.结果状语从句；8.比较状语从句；9.方式状语从句。

一、时间状语从句常用引导词：when, while, as, before, after, since, till, until特殊引导词：一……就：as soon as, the moment, the instant, the minute, the second,no sooner...than, hardly...when, scarcely... When每次：every time, each time第一次：the first time无论什么时候：whenever到……时候为止：by the time【重难点自我检测突破】1. when, while和as都可解释为“当……的时候”但侧重点有所不同when,观察下面例句，总结其用法：When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.When the film ended, the people went back.I was taking a nap when he came in.I was about to leave when the bell rang.总结：a.从句表示的动作是可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词；主句和从句发生的动作同时发生，也可以主句所表示的动作发生在从句之后。

b.强调时间点，含义为就在这个时候。

while ,观察例句并总结用法：We were listening/listened to the radio while he was reading newspaper.I like tea while he like coffee.Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.总结：while引导的从句谓语动词必须是延续性动词, 常用进行时,主句和从句发生的动作同时发生。

作为并列连词，表示对比，翻译成然而；语气比but 弱。

把while的含义写在后面括号内：While we didn’t agree, we continue to be good friends. (尽管)While they are my neighbors, I don’t know them well. (尽管)Strike the iron while it is hot. (趁着)总结：while 除了引导时间状语从句外，还可以引导让步状语从句和条件状语从句。

as观察例句并总结用法：As time goes on, it’s getting warmer and warmer.He hurried home, looking behind as he went.从属连词as 可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时发生，可译为随着或者一边，一边。

题组训练用while，when，as 填空：①When John arrived, I was cooking lunch.②As he grew older, he lost interest in everything except gardening.③I was wandering through the street when I caught sight of a tailor’s shop.④While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.⑤He likes pop music while I am fond of folk music.2. as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner…than…,hardly(scarecely,barely)…when…这些从属连词引导的从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译为“一……就”.The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming.No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.注意：在no sooner…than …;hardly/scarcely/barely…when 结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句使用一般过去时。

此外，当把no sooner或hardly等提到句首时，应用倒装语序。

I had hardly got home when it began to rain.=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.I had no sooner come home than it began to rain.=No sooner had I come home than it began to rain.3. till until 和not … until观察例句并总结用法：He remained there until she arrived.You may stay here until the rain stops.He won’t go to bed until she returns.Until you told me I have no idea of it.It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.总结：肯定句：主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词,意为某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止。

否定句：主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词,意为某动作直到某时间才开始。

until可以用于句首，而till不可以。

在强调句型中not until 两词在一起不分开；句首时，主句要倒装。

句型转换I didn’t leave until she came back..Not until she came back did I leave.It was not until she came back that I leave.4.before ,after：可以作连词，后面跟完整的状语从句；也可作介词，后面跟动名词结构。

I usually take a shower before I have breakfast.I usually take a shower before having breakfast.before,在…之前：翻译下面的句子：Look before you leap. 三思而后行All things are difficult before they are easy. 所有事情先难后易把下列各句中的before的含义写在后面：We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. (以后…才)We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired. (还没…就)Please write it down before you forget it. (趁着还没有)Before I could get in a word, he had measured me (还没来得及…就)5. since：观察例句并总结用法I have written home four times since I came here.She has been working in this factory since he left school.It has been 10 years since he lived here.It is three years since I smoked a cigar.总结：since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性或者反复发生的动作。

主句时态为现在完成时,从句时态为一般过去时。

从句动词若是延续性动词，则表示，相反或否定的意义。

6.Every/each time , the first time翻译下列句子：每次我打开收音机，他就把它关掉。

Every time I turned on the radio, he turned it off.我第一次见到他的时候，他只有六岁。

The first time I saw him, he was only six years old.7.By the time观察例句并总结用法By the time you came back, I had finished reading this book.By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished reading this book.总结：如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的位于动词用将来完成时。

8. 重点句型：观察例句并总结用法①It is / has been three years since the war broke out.②It will be a year before you leave school.③It was a long time before I got to sleep again.④It won’t be long before we meet.⑤It was five o’clock when he got up.⑥It was at five o’clock that he got up.It is /has been + 时间段since （谓语动词用一般过去时）It will be +时间段before (谓语动词用一般现在时)It was +时间段before(谓语动词用过去时)It was + 时间点when （谓语动词用一般过去时）It was + 时间状语that （谓语动词用一般过去时）用since, before, when, that 填空。