英语从属连词用法分类

英语从属连词用法分类详解

1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词

(1)表示“当…时候”或“每当”的时间连词。主要的when, while, as, whenever：

He jumped up when the phone rang. 电话铃响时他吓了一跳。

We listened while the teacher read. 老师朗读时我们听着。

The phone rang just as I was leaving. 我正要离开，电话铃就响了起来。

(2)表示“在…之前(或之后)”的时间连词。主要的有before, after：

Turn the lights off before you leave. 离开前请关灯。

He started the job soon after he left the university. 他大学毕业后就开始做这份工作。

(3)表示“自从”或“直到”的时间连词。主要的有since, until, till：

He has lived here since he got married. 他结婚后就一直住在这儿。

Most men worked until [till] they’re 65. 大多数男人工作到65岁。

(4)表示“一…就”的时间连词。主要的有as soon as, the moment, the minute, the seco nd, the instant, immediately, d irectly, instantly, once, no sooner…than, hardly…when等：Tell him the news as soon as you see him. 你一见到他就把这消息告诉他。

I recognized her the moment (that) I saw her. 我一看到她就认出她来了。

I want to see him the minute (that) he arrives. 他一到来我就要见他。

I went home directly I had finished work. 我一干完活就回家了。

Once he arrives, we can start. 他一来我们就可以开始。

Immediately he came I told him the news．他一来我就把消息告诉了他。

The moment I saw him I knew there was no hope．我一看到他就知道没希望了。

We had no sooner set out than it began to rain．我们刚出发就下雨了。

Once he arrives，we can start．他一来我们就可以开始。

(5)表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的时间连词。主要的有every time(每次)，each time (每次)，(the) next time(下次)，any time(随时)，(the) last time(上次)，the first time(第一次)：Last time I saw him, he looked ill. 上次我见到他的时候，他好像有病。

Next time you’re in London come and visit us. 你下次来伦敦过来探望我们。

Do look me up next time you’re in London. 你下次到伦敦来，一定来找我。

Every time I call on him, he is out. 我每次去访问他，他都不在。

You can call me any time you want to. 你随时都可以给我打电话。

Every time I see her I’ll think of it．每次我看到她，我就想起这事。

He felt nervous each time she spoke to him．每次她和他讲话，他都感到紧张。

He didn’t tell me the last time I saw him．我上次见到他时他没告诉我。

【注】every time, each time, any time前不用冠词，(the) next time, (the) last time中的冠词可以省略，而the first time中的冠词通常不能省略。

2. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词

这类连词主要有if, unless, as [so] long as, in case 等：

If anyone calls tell them I’m not at home. 要是有人打电话来，就说我不在家。

You will fail unless you work hard. 你若不努力就会失败。

As [So] long as you need me, I’ll stay. 只要你需要我，我就留下。

In case I forget, please remind me about it. 万一我忘记，请提醒我一下。

【注】在条件状语从句中，通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态。不过，有时表示条件的if之后可能用will，但那不是将来时态, 而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(will为情态动词)：

If you will wait a moment, I’ll fetch the money. 请等一下，我就去拿钱。

3. 引导目的状语从句的从属连词

主要的有in order that, so that, in case, for fear that等：

We used the computer in order that we might save time. 我们使用计算机是为了节约时间。

Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 说清楚，以便让他们能明白你的意思。

Be quiet in case you should wake the baby. 安静些，免得把婴儿吵醒。

He is working hard for fear that he should fail. 他努力工作以免会失败。

4. 引导结果状语从句的从属连词

主要的有so that, so…that, such…that等：

We’re all here now, so that the meeting can begin at la st. 我们现在都到齐了，终于能开会了。

It’s so difficult a question that none of us can answer it. 那是一个很难的问题，我们没有一个人能回答。

He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他关窗户用力很大，结果玻璃震破了。

【注】so that 中的that在口语中通常可以省略。