托福｜综合写作TPO30文本+解析
托福TPO30阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO30阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
The Pace of Evolutionary Change A heated debate has enlivened recent studiesof evolution.Darwin's original thesis,and theviewpoint supported by evolutionary gradualists,isthat species change continuously but slowly and insmall increments.Such changes are all but invisible over the short time scale of modernobservations,and,it is argued,they are usually obscured by innumerable gaps in theimperfect fossil record.Gradualism,with its stress on the slow pace of change,is a comfortingposition,repeated over and over again in generations of textbooks.By the early twentiethcentury,the question about the rate of evolution had been answered in favor of gradualism tomost biologists'satisfaction. 最近的一个关于进化的研究引发了激烈的争论。
达尔文的原始论点和进化渐进主义者支持的观点是物种会持续地改变，但非常缓慢，增量也很小。
TPO30综合写作
TPO30综合写作TPO 30Integrated writingIn the reading passage, the author casts doubt on the existence of burning mirror in the Greek port city of Syracuse. However, the professor considers it unconvincing for the following reasons.First, in the reading passage, it is pointed out that it was technologically impossible for the ancient Greeks to make such a large sheet of copper with very precise parabolic curvature. On the contrary, the professor maintains that such a large sheet of copper can be made by arranging dozens of individual small flat coppers together and Greek mathematicians were excellent to accomplish it perfectly.Second, the reading passage addresses that the burning mirror was impractical and ineffective because it took a long time for the ships to be on fire and the Roman ships wouldn't stay unmoving to catch fire. However, the professor challenges the idea by claiming that although it took 10 minutes for the wood boat to catch fire in an experiment, a sticky material called pitch used to make the Roman boats waterproof between the wood could catch fire in seconds and the fire would spread to the whole boat.Third, the author argues that the Greek would not build such a weapon like a burning mirror because they already had a similar one: flaming arrows. Nevertheless, the professor states that the Roman soldiers were familiar with the flaming arrows and were well-prepared to handle it. However, they did not see such a device like burning mirror and it would achieve a more surprisingresult than using the common flaming arrows because Roman soldiers had not predicted where the fire would came from.。
TPO 30 大作文
TPO 30: 3 days with longer working hours VS 5 days with shorter working hourOutline:Relax more – less exhaustedMore efficient – more tuned第三段有退步:Thoughwe would have shorter working hours everyday, I must point out that working for 5 days straight means fewer holidays. In fact, the extra time is wasted since those fragment of time cannot be utilized altogether.Strong negative to others: thoughWeak positive to others: howeverStrong passive/ weak negative for myselfStrong negative/ weak passive for othersSOAPSOccasion: why need the writer to respond to an issue / argumentProblem:适合1000+以上的论文Respond to an explicit argument* 总结对方观点however反驳Respond to an implicit/ interred/ implicated ideaIntroduction Para第一种写法: problem 写论文一气呵成分开几天写隔天就忘了需要更多时间来回忆第二种写法Though many of my friends claim….A common sense usually acknowledges that working for 5 days a week is a proper mechanism to fit people’s need. However, it ignores some significant/ critical factors, such as more free time to relax and …. Therefore, I persist…..第三种写法指出本质Some people who insist the advantage of working for 5 days a week actually imply that they need more time fragments for trivial and tatty interests, such as walking a dag and play iPod. However, we need longer, integrated time to finish some complex and challenging tasks.Conclusion Para变换段落需要添加副词化背景、新人物，三角形With so many obvious benefits of working for 3 days, I must admit/ confess/ argue/ stand a firm ground that….. Thus, more free timeWith so… that…（可把thus的东西提前）。
托福TPO30阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析
托福TPO30阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO30阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
The Pace of Evolutionary ChangeA heated debate has enlivened recent studiesof evolution.Darwin's original thesis,and theviewpoint supported by evolutionary gradualists,isthat species change continuously but slowly and insmall increments.Such changes are all but invisible over the short time scale of modernobservations,and,it is argued,they are usually obscured by innumerable gaps in theimperfect fossil record.Gradualism,with its stress on the slow pace of change,is a comfortingposition,repeated over and over again in generations of textbooks.By the early twentiethcentury,the question about the rate of evolution had been answered in favor of gradualism tomost biologists'satisfaction.最近的一个关于进化的研究引发了激烈的争论。
达尔文的原始论点和进化渐进主义者支持的观点是物种会持续地改变，但非常缓慢，增量也很小。
TPO30-R3解析
TPO 30-R-3Q1 Why does the author provide the information that "in northern Europe the sun may be hidden by clouds for weeks at a time, while temperatures vary not only seasonally but from day to night" ?A.To emphasize the variety of environmentsin which people used sun and water clocks to tell timeB.To illustrate the disadvantages of sun andwater clocksC.To provide an example of an area wherewater clocks have an advantage over sun clocksD.To counter the claim that sun and waterclocks were used all over EuropeQ2 According to paragraph 2, all of the following are examples of the importance of timekeeping to medieval European society EXCEPT:A.the need of different towns to coordinatetimekeeping with each otherB.the setting of specific times for theopening and closing of marketsC.the setting of specific times for the startand finish of the working dayD.the regulation of the performance of dailychurch ritualsParagraph 2 is marked with an arrow>Q3 According to paragraph 2, why did the medieval church need an alarm arrangement?A.The alarm warned the monks of discord orstrife in the town.B.The church was responsible for regulatingworking hours and market hours.C.The alarm was needed in case fires wereThe Invention of the Mechanical Clock In Europe, before the introduction of the mechanical clock, people told time by sun (using, for example, shadow sticks or sun dials) and water clocks. Sun clocks worked, of course, only on clear days; water clocks misbehaved when the temperature fell toward freezing, to say nothing of long-run drift as the result of sedimentation and clogging. Both these devices worked well in sunny climates; but in northern Europe the sun may be hidden by clouds for weeks at a time, while temperatures vary not only seasonally but from day to night.>Medieval Europe gave new importance to reliable time. The Catholic Church had its seven daily prayers, one of which was at night, requiring an alarm arrangement to waken monks before dawn. And then the n ew cities and towns, squeezed by their walls, had to know and order time in order to organize collective activity and ration space. They set a time to go to sleep. All this was compatible with older devices so long as there was only one authoritative timekeeper; but with urban growth and the multiplication of time signals, discrepancy brought discord and strife. Society needed a more dependable instrument of time measurement and found it in the mechanical clock.not put out each night.D.One of the church's daily rituals occurredduring the night.Paragraph 2 is marked with an arrow>Q4 The word "authoritative" in the passage is closest in meaning toA.actualB.importantC.officialD.effectiveQ5 The author uses the phrase "the timekeeper of last resort" to refer toA.water clocksB.the sunC.mechanical clocksD.the churchQ6 The word “rudimentary” in the passage is closest in meaning toA.rareB.smallC.impracticalD.basicQ7 According to paragraph 4, how did the Catholic Church react to the introduction of mechanical clocks?A.Its used mechanical clocks through theperiod of urban collapse.B.It used clocks to better understand naturalphenomena, like equinoxes.C.It tried to preserve its own method ofkeeping time, which was different from mechanical-clock time.D.It used mechanical clocks to challengesecular, town authorities.Paragraph 4 is marked with an arrow>Q8 The word "installed" in the passage is closest in meaning to?A.required We do not know who invented this machine, or where. It seems to have appeared in Italy and England (perhaps simultaneous invention) between 1275 and 1300. Once known, it spread rapidly, driving out water clocks but not solar dials, which were needed to check the new machines against the timekeeper of last resort. These early versions were rudimentary, inaccurate, and prone to breakdown.>Ironically, the new machine tended to undermine Catholic Church authority. Although church ritual had sustained an interest in timekeeping throughout the centuries of urban collapse that followed the fall of Rome, church time was nature’s time. ■Day and night were divided into the same number of parts, so that except at the equinoxes, days and night hours were unequal; and then of course the length of these hours varied with the seasons. ■But the mechanical clock kept equal hours, and this implied a new time reckoning. ■The Catholic Church resisted, not coming over to the new hours for about a century.■From the start, however, the towns and citiesB.expected by the majority of peopleC.standardizedD.put in placeQ9 It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that medieval clockmakersA.were able to continually makeimprovements in the accuracy of mechanical clocksB.were sometimes not well respected byother engineersC.sometimes made claims about theaccuracy of mechanical clocks that were not trueD.rarely shared their expertise with otherengineersParagraph 5 is marked with an arrow>Q10 Paragraph 5 answers which of the following questions about mechanical clocks?A.How did early mechanical clocks work?B.Why did the design of mechanical clocksaffect engineering in general?C.How were mechanical clocks made?D.What influenced the design of the firstmechanical clock?Paragraph 5 is marked with an arrow>Q11 The word "pioneers" in the passage is closest in meaning to?A.leadersB.opponentsC.employersD.guardiansQ12 According to paragraph 6, how did the mechanical clock affect labor? took equal hours as their standard, and the public clocks installed in town halls and market squares became the very symbol of a new, secular municipal authority. Every town wanted one; conquerors seized them as especially precious spoils of war; tourists came to see and hear these machines the way they made pilgrimages to sacred relics. >The clock was the greatest achievement of medieval mechanical ingenuity. Its general accuracy could be checked against easily observed phenomena, like the rising and setting of the sun. The result was relentless pressure to improve technique and design. At every stage, clockmakers led the way to accuracy and precision; they became masters of miniaturization, detectors and correctors of error, searchers for new and better. They were thus the pioneers of mechanical engineering and served as examples and teachers to other branches of engineering.>The clock brought order and control, both collective and personal. Its publicA.It encouraged workers to do moretime-filling busywork.B.It enabled workers to be more taskoriented.C.It pushed workers to work more hoursevery day.D.It led to a focus on productivity. Paragraph 6 is marked with an arrow>Q13 Look at the four squares【■】that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.The division of time no longer reflected the organization of religious ritual.Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage.Q14 Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.display and private possession laid the basis for temporal autonomy: people could now coordinate comings and goings without dictation from above. The clock provided the punctuation marks for group activity, while enabling individuals to order their own work (and that of others) so as to enhance productivity. Indeed, the very notion of productivity is a by-product of the clock: once on can relate performance to uniform time units, work is never the same. One moves from the task-oriented time consciousness of the peasant (working on job after another, as time and light permit) and the time-filling busyness of the domestic servant (who always had something to do) to an effort to maximize product per unit of time.================================= ■Day and night were divided into the same number of parts, so that except at the equinoxes, days and night hours were unequal; and then of course the length of these hours varied with the seasons. ■But the mechanical clock kept equal hours, and this implied a new time reckoning. ■The Catholic Church resisted, not coming over to the new hours for about a century. ■=================================Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong. To remove an answer choice, click on it. To review the passage, click VIEW NEXT. The introduction of the mechanical clock caused important changes to the society of medieval Europe.A.The increasing complexity of social andeconomic activity in medieval Europe led to the need for a more dependable means of keeping time than sun and water clocks provided.B.Because they were unreliable even insunny climates, sun clocks and water clocks were rarely used in Europe, even before the invention of the mechanical clock.C.Before the mechanical clock, every citywanted a large number of timekeepers because more timekeepers allowed for better organization of collective activities.D.Soon after the invention of the mechanicalclock, sun and water clocks became obsolete because mechanical clocks were far more accurate.E.Although society in general was quickly toadopt the mechanical clock, the catholic church resisted it because it challenged the authority of the churchF.Clockmakers introduced precision engineering,and their clocks gave individuals and groups more control over the organization of the activities。
TPO-30 Reading 3 解析
正确答案：B解析：第一段主要内容是：在机械钟表出现之前，人们用的是阳光时钟和水钟，但是这两种钟有各种缺点。
题干中的句子所在句的上半句是Both these devices worked well in sunny climates，后面的but表转折，例证有哪些情况它们不能用，即这两种钟表的弱势，B选项是题干句在文中正确的修辞目的。
A与原文意思矛盾；C将两种方法比较，原文没有这层意思；文中没有出现sun and water clocks were used all over Europe的断言，排除D。
Q2正确答案：A解析：在第2段中，B选项对应第3句，… had to know and order time in order to organize collective activity and ration space；C选项第4句，They set a time to go to sleep；D选项对应第2句，The Catholic Church had its seven daily prayers; 虽然原文提到说城与城之间要保持一致，但其目的是organize collective activity，和ration space, 而且A也不属于example，不正确。
Q3正确答案：D解析：根据alarm arrangement定位到第二段第2句话，原因是七个每日祷告中，有一个是在晚上进行，所以需要alarm arrangement叫醒修道士。
Q4正确答案：C解析：authoritative，权威的，有权力的；近义词是official，官方的，公务的。
根据第二段的段意，其它选项的词汇代入句子后都不符合段意中的逻辑。
only one authorative timekeeper，唯一官方准确时间。
Q5正确答案：B解析：在driving out water clocks but not solar dials, which were needed to check the new machines against the timekeeper of last resort这句话中，which 指代solar dials，solar dials被用来跟the timekeeper of last resort核对机械钟表的精准性，因为是用太阳盘，所以是跟太阳这个计时器来核对时间，last resort这里是指太阳。
TPO30综合写作
Do you agree or disagree：Celebrities are more important to younger people than they are to older people.写作思路：题目太抽象了，结果写了两个小时。
名声对于每个人都很重要，特别是是年轻人他们可能更加在意自己的celebrity。
（1）年轻人相对于老年人有更广阔的社交，一个好的名声可以让他们交到更多的朋友，认识更多的人。
而老年人的社交相对狭窄，不需要交太多朋友。
（2）年轻人需要找工作，有一个好的名声，可以相对容易的找的工作。
而老年人找工作时，人们可能更看重他们的经验（3）外界对于一个人的信任和认可程度，老年人的认识已经比较深，了解比较多。
相对年轻人，可能大家对他们的认识不会太多，所以相对而言名誉也就更重要.When we think about the importance of celebrities for a person, we can say it's more important for a younger people to have good celebrities than older people. There are several reasons for that, such as the social relationship for young people, the younger needing to find a good job and people's cognition to them.First, younger people have wider social relationship than the elderly. Young people always have a lot of friends and they also like to make friends with other people. If a young people have a good reputation, people may like to build a relationship with him or her. For example, my friend Sally is a beautiful and hot-heart girl, she likes to help other people no matter what kind of problems they meet, so she gets a good reputation in our college. One day, one of my friends coming from another college asked me if I was acquainted with sally and he wanted to make friends with her. I was surprised since Sally was unlikely to have any interactions with him. Then I know the reason that it's the Sally's good fame making people like my friend want to make friends with her. However, the elderly have a relatively small social relationship and do not need to make many friends. Thus the celebrities to them are comparatively less important than then the younger.Besides, since young people have little working experience, their boss may value their celebrities much more. When the young people go to find some jobs, their employers know little about them. So they would prefer to ask their school teachers for advice, if the young people have left good impression in their teachers. They may have more chances to get their jobs. Even some teachers would recommend best students who have good celebrity in school to big companies. But when it comes to older people, due to their lots of working experience, their employer may concern more about if their working experience are suitable for their company not the fame. From this point of view, the celebrities to younger people are more important. Finally, because the elderly have been familiar by others, they can easily get the trust from other people, while a young people may need a good reputation to get others'trust. As we know, many old people have worked for dozens of years, their boss and coworkers already have a great acquaintance with them, what kind of character they are, what they like and dislike. So it's easier for them to get trust from those persons. But for a new young employee, many people do not know them. If they want to get same trust as the older, they need to accumulate their good fame. A good celebrity can make unfamiliar people trust young people and help them get involved in the company.In the nutshell, celebrities are of more significance for younger people and have a more impact their lives. Therefore, for younger people, celebrities are more important than the older people.。
托福TPO 30 综合写作Task 1 范文
ReadingA little over 2200 years ago, the Roman navy attacked the Greek port city of Syracuse. According to some ancient historians, the Greeks defended themselves with an ingenious weapon called a“burningmirror’,a polished copper surface curved to focus theSun’srays onto Roman ships, causing them to catch fire. However, we have several reasons to suspect that the story of the burning mirror is just a myth and the Greeks of Syracuse never really built such adevice.First, the ancient Greeks were not technologically advanced enough to make such a device. Amirror that would focus sunlight with sufficient intensity to set ships on fire would have to be several meters wide. Moreover, the mirror would have to have a very precise parabolic curvature(a curvature derived from a geometric shape known as the parabola). The technology for manufacturing a large sheet of copper with such specifications did not exist in the ancient world.Second, the burning mirror would have taken a long time to set the ships on fire. In an experiment conducted to determine whether a burning mirror was feasible, a device concentratingtheSun’srays on a wooden object 30 meters away took ten minutes to set the object on fire;and during that time, the object had to be unmoving. It is unlikely that the Roman ships stayed perfectly still for that much time. Such a weapon would therefore have been very impractical and ineffective.Third, a burning mirror does not seem like an improvement on a weapon that the Greeks already had: flaming arrows. Shooting at anenemy’sships with flaming arrows was a commonway of setting the ships on fire. The burning mirror and flaming arrows would have been effective at about the same distance. So the Greeks had no reason to build a weapon like a burning mirror.Theprofessorbelievesthattheclaimmadeinthereadingpassagethatthestoryofabur ningmirror is just a myth and Greeks never really built the device is unconvincing.Tobeginwith,accordingtothespeaker,itisnottruethatancientGreekswerefacedwit htechnological problems in making a large sheet of burning mirrors. This is because, rather than asingle large sheet of copper, the Greeks could instead manufacturemany small pieces of copperand combine all the pieces in a parabolic shape so that the desired outcomes were to be achieved.Secondly, the reading passage states that the device would have taken such a long time to set theships on fire that it wouldn't have been practical and effective. However, the professor points outthattheancientGreeksdidn'thavetosetthewoodoftheshipsonfire;instead,therewasa particular object, the pitch, on the ships of the enemies and could easily catch on fire in seconds.Therefore, Greeks could full make use of the burning mirror to set the pitch on fire and wait forthe quick spread of the fire all over the ships.Thirdly,quitecontradictorytotheargumentbytheauthorofthereadingpassage,thec ounterargument in the listening holds that using a burning mirror would be rather invisible to theRomansoldiersincomparisonwithusingtheflamingarrows.Besides,firesetbytheburni ngmirrors would be such a surprise to the enemies that no preparation was available to put out thefire.。
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小编为托福考生们准备了托福综合写作TPO30,希望各位考生们在TPO写作真题里能够得到锻炼，祝广大托福考生能够取得理想成绩。
综合写作 Reading Part:
A little over 2,200 years ago, the Roman navy attacked the Greek port city
of Syracuse. According to some ancient historians, the Greeks defended
themselves with an ingenious weapon called a “burning mirror”: a polished copper
surface curved to focus the Sun’s rays onto Roman ships, causing them to catch
fire. However, we have several reasons to suspect that the story of the burning
mirror is just a myth and the Greeks of Syracuse never rally built such a
device.
First, the ancient Greeks were not technologically advanced enough to make
such a device. A mirror that would focus sunlight with sufficient intensity to
set ships on fire would have to be several meters wide. Moreover, the mirror
would have to have a very precise parabolic curvature (a curvature derived from
a geometric shape known as the parabola). The technology for manufacturing a
large sheet of copper with such specifications did not exist in the ancient
world.
Second, the burning mirror would have taken a long time to set the ships on
fire. In an experiment conducted to determine whether a burning mirror was
feasible, a device concentrating
the Sun’s rays on a wooden object 30 meters away took ten minutes to set
the object on fire; and during that time, the object had to be unmoving. It is
unlikely that Roman ships stayed perfectly still for that much time, Such a
weapon would therefore have been very impractical and ineffective.
Third, a burning mirror does not seem like an improvement on a weapon that
the Greeks already had: flaming arrows. Shooting at an enemy’s ships with flaming arrows was a common way of setting the ships on fire. The burning mirror and flaming arrows would have been effective at about the same distance. So the Greeks had no reason to build a weapon like a burning mirror.
综合写作 Listening Part:
The claims that the burning mirror would have been impractical and technologically impossible are unconvincing.
First, the Greeks did not need to form a single sheet of copper to make a large, burning mirror. An experiment has shown that dozens of small individually flat pieces of polished copper could be arranged into aparabolic shape and form a large, burning mirror. The Greek mathematicians know the properties of the parabola and so could have directed the assembly of small mirror pieces into the parabolic shape.
Second, about how long it would take to set a ship on fire with a burning mirror. The experiment the reading selection mentions assumes that the burning mirror was used to set the wood of the boat on fire, that’s what takes ten minutes. But Roman boats were not made just of wood. There were other materials involved as well. For example, to seal the spaces between wooden boards and make them waterproof, the ancient boat-builders used a sticky substance called pitch. Pitch catches fire quickly. An experiment showed that pitch could be set on fire by a burning mirror in seconds. And once the pitch was burning, the fire would spread to the wood even if the ship was moving. So a burning mirror could have worked quickly enough to be an effective weapon.。