托福TPO50综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文
托福听力tpo50 lecture1、2、3、4 原文+题目+答案+译文
托福听力tpo50 lecture1、2、3、4 原文+题目+答案+译文Lecture1 (1)原文 (1)题目 (4)答案 (6)译文 (6)Lecture2 (8)原文 (8)题目 (10)答案 (12)译文 (12)Lecture3 (14)原文 (14)题目 (16)答案 (18)译文 (18)Lecture4 (20)原文 (20)题目 (22)答案 (24)译文 (24)Lecture1原文NARRATOR: Listen to part of a lecture in an ancient history class.FEMALE PROFESSOR: OK, last time we were discussing trade and commerce during the Bronze Age … And I said a little over 3,000 years ago there was quite a lively trade among the countries along the Mediterranean Sea—people were making objects out of bronze, and they were using bronze tools to make other goods, and they developed trade networks to trade these goods with other countries around the Mediterranean … One of the things they traded was glass …And recently there was an archeological excavation in Egypt—on the Nile River, around where it enters the Mediterranean Sea—where they discovered an ancient glass factory. Robert?MALE STUDENT: I thought our textbook said that the Egyptians imported their glass from other countries.FEMALE PROFESSOR: Well, until now that's what the evidence seemed to suggest. I mean, we had some evidence that suggested that the Egyptians were making glass objects, uh, but not glass.MALE STUDENT: OK, am-am I missing something? They're making glass, but they're not making glass.FEMALE PROFESSOR: I said they were making glass objects, right? You see, it was previously thought that they weren't actually making the raw glass itself, that they were importing unfinished glass from Mesopotamia—um, which today is a region consisting of Iraq, and parts of Syria, Turkey, and Iran—and simply reworking it. Most archeologists believed that the glass factories were in Mesopotamia because that's where the oldest known glass remains come from. You see, there were two stages of glassmaking: the primary production stage, where they made disks of raw glass… Uh, an- and then there was the secondary stage, where they melted the raw glass, the glass disks, and created decorative objects or whatever.And from this new Egyptian site we've learned that the primary production stage had several steps. First, they took quartz—a colorless, transparent mineral—and crushed it. Then they took that crushed quartz and mixed it with plant ash; uh, “plant ash” is just what it soundslike—the ash that's left after you've burned plant material. They slowly heated this mixture, at a relatively low temperature, in small vessels, um containers, like jars, made out of clay. Uh, and that yielded a kind of glassy material…They took this glassy material and ground it up into a powder, and then they used metallic dye to color it… After that, they poured the colored powder out into disk-shaped molds and heated it up to very high temperatures, so that it melted. After it cooled, they'd break the molds, and inside…there were the glass disks. These disks were shipped off to other sites within Egypt and places around the Mediterranean. Then, in the secondary phase, the disks were reheated and shaped into decorative objects. Susan?FEMALE STUDENT: So what kind of objects were people making back then? FEMALE PROFESSOR: Well, the most common objects we’ve found—mostly in Egypt and Mesopotamia—uh, the most common objects were beads; one thing Egyptians were very, very good at was imitating precious stones; they created some beads that looked so much like emeralds and pearls that it was very difficult to distinguish them from the real thing. Uh, and-and also beautiful vessels, uh, with narrow necks; they were probably really valuable, so they wouldn't have been used to hold cooking oil or common food items; they were most likely used for expensive liquids like perfume. Now the glass made at this factory was mostly red; to get this red color, they used copper; in a sophisticated process. Of course, any kind of glass was very valuable, so these red bottles would only have been owned by wealthy people. In fact, because it was so difficult to make, and sort of mysterious and complicated, it was probably a product produced for the royal family, and they probably used glass to show their power. Also, beautiful, expensive objects make great gifts if you're looking to establish or strengthen political alliances…and it's quite possible that ancient Egyptians were actually exporting glass, not just making it or importing it. The trade with Mesopotamia was probably a friendly, mutual trade…because, uh, Mesopotamian glass was usually white or yellow, so Mesopotamians might have said something like, “We'll give you two white disks for two red disks.” There’s no proof ofthat, uh—at least not yet…题目1.What is the lecture mainly about?A. New information about glass production and use in ancient EgyptB. Whether Egyptians or Mesopotamians were the first to invent glassC. Differences between Egyptian glass and other kinds of glassD. Reasons why ancient Egyptians imported glass from other countries2.What is the importance of the archaeological evidence recently found in Egypt?A. It supports the theory that ancient Egyptians imported glass from Mesopotamia.B. It proves that ancient Egyptians made glass objects prior to the Bronze Age.C. It provides the first evidence that glassmaking in the Bronze Age required two different stages.D. It shows that ancient Egyptians were producing raw glass.3.The professor describes a process for making glass disks. Summarize the process by putting the steps in the correct order. [Click on a sentence. Then drag it to the space where it belongs. The last one is done for you.]A.Glass-like material is ground up and dyed blue or red.B.Powdered material is heated at very high temperatures.C.Crushed quartz and plant ash are heated at low temperatures.D.Containers are broken to remove glass disks.4.Based on the lecture, what are two kinds of glass objects that were valued in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia? [Click on 2 answers.]A. BeadsB. Cooking utensilsC. ContainersD. Windows5.According to the professor, what are two reasons why ancient Egyptians exported glass? [Click on 2 answers.]A. To build relationships with foreign leadersB. To hold cooking oil that was sold in other countriesC. To get bronze tools from other countriesD. To acquire colors of glass not made in Egypt6.Why does the professor say this:Robert: Ok. Am……Am I missing something? They are making glass but they are not making glass?Professor: I said they were making glass objects, right?A. To emphasize that glass objects were only made in ancient EgyptB. To find out what the student does not understandC. To indicate that there was no contradiction in her previous statementD. To correct what she said in her previous statement答案A D CABD AC AD C译文旁白：请听一个古代历史课上的讲座片段。
托福TPO50独立写作文本+音频下载
在托福写作练习过程中，相信TPO材料中的作文题目都会是大家的首选练习材料。
小编给考生们带来了托福TPO50独立写作文本+音频下载，希望可以帮助广大托福考生轻松备考托福。
托福TPO50独立写作文本及范文下载(含阅读+听力+范文)托福TPO50独立写作文本-阅读部分Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in thecoming decades. Although there have been successful manned missions to the Moonin the 1960s and 1970s, Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the Moonis. Thus the project of sending humans to Mars would require solving an array ofproblems the Moon missions did not have to face.One problem is that a round-trip to Mars and back is likely to take atleast two years. The trip to the Moon lasted only a few days, and it was easy tobring enough supplies of food, water, and oxygen; but the cargo capacity ofspace vehicles is too limited to put on board the food, water, and oxygenrequired by a crew for a period of two years. Without those essentials, though,a Mars mission is impossible.A second problem is that astronauts on the Mars mission would be in thezero-gravity environment of space for many months at a time. Spending a longtime in the zero-gravity environment has negative effects on the human body,such as decreased muscle mass and lower bone density. Over the course of atwo-year mission, the effects would be so severe; they would make it impossiblefor humans to make the trip without experiencing grave medical problems.Finally, astronauts on a mission to Mars would be exposed to dangerouslevels of space radiation, much of which comes in the form of charged particlesemitted by the Sun. Earth's magnetic field, which normally protects us fromdangerous solar radiation, would not be able to protect a spaceship traveling in interplanetary space. Constructing a shield that would protect the wholespaceship from space radiation is at present impossible because it would add too much weight to the ship.Directions: You have 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Yourresponse will be judged on the basis of the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the points in the lecture and their relationship to the reading passage. Typically, an effective response will be 150 to 225words.Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how theyrespond to the specific concerns presented in the reading passage.托福TPO50独立写作文本-听力音频TASK2Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? All universitystudents should be required to take history courses no matter what their field of study is. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.托福TPO50独立写作文本-听力音频下载链接：百度网盘链接：/s/1nvDS2Jf 密码：2frh以上就是小编为大家带来关于托福TPO写作资料供大家阅读参考，托福资料频道将第一时间为考生发布最全、最新、最专业的托福资讯及托福考试资料及机经.。
托福TPO50听力文本+答案+解析+音频下载(上)
得听力者得天下，托福听力对于考生来说至关重要!如何攻克托福听力，除了要多听，托福TPO听力也是托儿必刷的真题.今天，小编为托福考生们带来了托福TPO50听力，希望可以帮助广大托福考生轻松备考托福。
本文给大家分享了托福TPO50听力文本+答案+解析+音频下载。
由于文章太长，我们将分成上、下两篇。
下篇请点击：托福TPO50听力文本+解析+答案+音频下载(下)托福听力TPO50文本+答案+解析+音频下载(上)托福听力TPO50文本第一篇民意测验Straw PollListen to a conversation between a student and a political scienceprofessor.Student:I’m not sure if you know but I would like to go to the studentgovernment this year.Teacher: Oh, congratulations! I was in student government myself as anundergraduate. It taught me a lot about the political process. In fact, theexperience solved my problem of what to do with my life. It really cemented myinterest in becoming a political scientist.Student: Cool! Anyway, the reason I came by is we are getting ready toconduct a straw poll on campus, you know, hold an informal ballot since thegeneral election is just a couple of months away. We want to get a field fromthe students' bodies political leanings, like who students are planning to votefor, which political party people identify with, that sort of thing.Teacher: I’m sure. I help students run the straw poll once years ago, uh,it was a lot of work. Mostly because we use paper ballots, and stayed up allnight counting them. But if you use computers……Student: Yeah, we are creating a website for our students to be able tovote online. Em, we are looking for a faculty advisor to help, actually. I was hoping you might be interested.Teacher: Oh, I’m flattered, John. But my schedule is so jammed. I’mteaching two seminars, your intro-course, finishing up my research. But, what about Professor Clan? She is new in our department. Plus, she is a wiz with computers.Student: Ok, I will ask her.Teacher: So, have you decided on the topic for your term paper yet?Student: Not really.Teacher: Why not write about your straw poll? Since the paper is not duetill after the election, you could include your results. Maybe compare them with the real election results.Student: But would that be enough? I mean, just comparing numbers?Teacher: Well, no, you need to provide some analysis, too. But I wasthinking, there is a couple of local ballot questions this year. You know, referenda, the voters can either support or not support?Student: Right. There is one on whether to ban smoking in restaurants, and another one……I think is whether to spend tax dollars for a new sports arena in the city.Teacher: Ah, Ok. Here is an idea. In regular elections, the vast majorityof voters ignore referenda. They vote for their favorite candidates but avoid ballot questions. We believe it's because voters aren’t familiar with the questions or don’t understand them. But actively educating people on ballotquestions right before they vote can improve referendum participation rates. Student: In that case, maybe we could have our straw poll website providing information on the ballot questions, like how each proposal would affect students.Teacher: Exactly. And when you write your paper, you could compare the students’ referendum voting rate to the general publics. And include you own analysis of the results. Plus, there is plenty of publish research on referendum voting behavior.Student: Thanks, Professor Miller. I have no idea the straw poll canactually help me in my course work.托福TPO听力50音频下载：百度网盘链接：链接：/s/1pKFAflL 密码：dlq2托福TPO听力50第一篇题目：Question 1 of 5Why does the man go to see the professor?A. To suggest an idea for his research project.B. To tell her about his election to student government.C. To ask for her help on a political project.D. To discuss methods of gathering public opinion.uestion 2 of 5What is the professor's attitude toward her involvement in studentgovernment as an undergraduate?A. She is grateful that the experience helped inspire her careerchoice..B. She regrets that her involvement took time away from her studies..C. She wishes that she had been more active than she was..D. She is glad that her involvement enabled her to help other students..Question 3 of 5What is the student government's main reason for conducting a strawpoll?A. To educate students on the candidates' positions.B. To remind students to vote in the upcoming election.C. To find out how students feel about the local referenda.D. To get an idea of students' political preferences.Question 4 of 5Why does the professor mention paper ballots?A. To show how a straw poll differs from an actual election.B. To stress the importance of keeping accurate records.C. To indicate that conducting a poll may present challenges.D. To suggest a way to improve communication between the student body and the student government.Question 5 of 5Why does the professor discuss voting behavior on referenda?A. To encourage the man to vote on the local referenda.B. To help the man develop a focus for his term paper.C. To express her skepticism that voting behavior can be changed.D. To let the man know about her current research project.托福听力TPO50文本第二篇Ancient Egyptian Glass古埃及的玻璃制造Listen to part of a lecture in an ancient history class.Professor: Ok, last time we were discussing trade and commerce during the Bronze Age. And I said a little over three thousand years ago, there was quite a lively trade among the countries along the Mediterranean Sea. People are making objects out of bronzes and they were using bronze tools to make other goods. And they develop trade networks to trade these goods with other countries around the Mediterranean. One of the things they traded was glass. And recently there was an archeological excavation in Egypt, on the Nile River around where enters the Mediterranean Sea where they discovered an ancient glass factory. Robert? Robert: I thought our textbook said the Egyptians imported their glass from other countries.Professor: Well, until now that’s what the evidence seemed to suggest. I mean, we have some evidence that suggested that the Egyptians were making glass objects, but not glass.Robert: Ok. Am……Am I missing something? They are making glass but they are not making glass?Professor: I said they were making glass objects, right? You see, it was previously thought that they weren’t actually making the raw glass itself that they were importing unfinished glass from Mesopotamia, which today is a region consisting of Iraq and parts of Syria and Turkey and Iran, and simply reworkingit. Most archeologists believed that the glass factories were in Mesopotamia because that’s where the oldest known glass remains come from. You see, there was two stages of glass making. The primary production stage where they made disks of raw glass. And there was the secondary stage where they melted the raw glass, the glass disks, and created decorative objects, so, or whatever. And from this new Egyptians’ site, we learned that the primary production stage had several steps. First they took quartz, a colorless transparent mineral and crushed it. Then they took that crushed quartz and mixed it with plant ash. A plant ash is just what it sounds like, the ashes left after you burnt plant material. They slowly heated this mixture at a relatively low temperature in small vessels, containers like jars made out of clay. And that yielded a kind of glassy material. They took this glassy material and grounded it up into a powder and then they used metallic dye to color it. After that, they poured the colored powder out into disk-shaped molds and heated it up to very high tem peratures. So that it melted. After cooled, they break the molds, and inside there were the glass disks. These disks were shipped out to other sites within Egypt and places around the Mediterranean. Then in the secondary phase, the disks were reheated, and shaped into decorative objects. Susan?Susan: So what kind of objects were people making back then?Professor: Well, the most common objects we found, mostly in Egypt and Mesopotamia, the most common objects were beads. One thing the Egyptian were very very good at was imitating precious stones. They created some beads that look so much like emeralds and pearls that was very difficult to distinguishthem from the real thing. Em, and……and also beautiful vessels, ah, with narrow necks. They were probably really valuable so they wouldn’t have been used to hold cooking oil or common food items. They were most likely used for expensive liquids, like perfume. Now the glass made at this factory was mostly red, to get this red color they used copper, in a sophisticated process. Of course, any kind of glass was very valuable so these red bottles would only have been owned by wealthy people. In fact, because it was so difficult to make, and sort of mysterious and complicated, it was probably a product produced for the royal family. And they probably used glass to show their power. Also, beautiful expensive objects made great gifts if you are looking to establish or strength the political alliances. And it is quite possible that the ancient Egyptians were actually exporting glass, not just making it or importing it. The trade with Mesopotamia was probably a friendly mutual trade because a Mesopotamia glass was usually white or yellow. So Mesopotamians might accept something like, we will give you two white disks for two red disks. There is no proof of that, at least not yet.托福TPO听力50音频下载：百度网盘链接：链接：/s/1pKFAflL 密码：dlq2题目：Question 1 of 6What is the lecture mainly about?A. New information about glass production and use in ancient Egypt.B. Whether Egyptians or Mesopotamians were the first to invent glass.C. Differences between Egyptian glass and other kinds of glass.D. Reasons why ancient Egyptians imported glass from other countries. Question 2 of 6What is the importance of the archaeological evidence recently found in Egypt?A. It supports the theory that ancient Egyptians imported glass from Mesopotamia..B. It proves that ancient Egyptians made glass objects prior to the Bronze Age..C. It provides the first evidence that glassmaking in the Bronze Age required two different stages..D. It shows that ancient Egyptians were producing raw glass..Quertion 3 of 6The professor describes a process for making glass disks. Summarize the process by putting the steps in the correct order. Click on a sentence. Then drag it to the space where it belongs.A.Glass-like material is ground up and dyed blue or red..B.Powdered material is heated at very high temperatures..C.Crushed quartz and plant ash are heated at low temperatures..D.Containers are broken to remove glass disks..Question 4 of 6Based on the lecture, what are two kinds of glass objects that were valued in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia? Click on 2 answers.A. Beads.B. Cooking utensils.C. Containers.D. Windows.Question 5 of 6According to the professor, what are two reasons why ancient Egyptians exported glass? Click on 2 answers.A. To build relationships with foreign leaders.B. To hold cooking oil that was sold in other countries.C. To get bronze tools from other countries.D. To acquire colors of glass not made in Egypt.Question 6 of 6Why does the professor say this:A. To emphasize that glass objects were only made in ancient Egypt.B. To find out what the student does not understand.C. To indicate that there was no contradiction in her previousstatement.D. To correct what she said in her previous statement.托福听力TPO50文本第三篇The Classification Of Creatures生物分类Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class.Processor: Ok. There are two major types of classifiers in the world,people we call lumpers and people we call splitters. A lumper is someone who tries to put as many things as possible in one category. Splitters like to workfor the differences and put things in as many different categories as possible.Both lumpers and splitters work in the business of defining biological classifications. The great philosopher Aristotle is generally considered the first person to systematically categorize things. He divided all living things into two groups. They were either animal or vegetable. And these categories are what biologists came to call “kingdoms”. So if it ran around, it was an animal, a member of the animal kingdom. And if it stood still, and grew in the soil, it was a plant, a member of the plant kingdom. This system, organizing all life into these two kingdoms, worked very well for quite a while, even into the age of the microscope.With the invention of the microscope, in the late 1500s, we discovered thefirst microorganisms. We thought that some wiggled and moved around and others were green and just sat there. So the ones that moved like animals were classified as animals, and the more plant-like ones as plants. Oh, before I go on I must mention Carolus Linnaeus. A hundred years or so after the invention of the microscope, Carolus Linnaeus devised a simple and practical system for classifying living things, according to the ranks of categorization still in use today——class, order, family and so on.And by further best aspect of the Linnaeus system, is the general use of binomial nomenclature, having just two names to describe any living organism. This replaced the use of long descriptive names, as well as common names which vary from place to place and language to language. Binomial nomenclature givesevery species a unique and stable two-word name, agreed upon by biologistsworldwide.But not everything about this system remained unchanged. Take for examplethe mushroom, a fungus. It grew up from the ground and looked like a plant. Soit was classified as a plant. But using the microscope we discovered that afungus contains these microscopic thread-like cells that run all over the place.And so it’s actually not that plant-like. So in this case, the splitterseventually won, and got a third kingdom just for the fungus.And as microscopes improved, we discovered some microorganisms that wereincredibly small. I’m talking about bacteria. And we could see that they didn’thave what we call a nucleus. So they got their own kingdom, a kingdom of verytiny things without nucleoli. So then we had several kingdoms for plants and foranimals, and the different kinds of fungus like mushrooms, and for these tinybacteria. But we also had some other microorganisms that didn’t fit anywhere. Sobiologist gave them their own kingdom. And this fifth kingdom was sort ofanything that doesn’t fit in the first four kingdom, which upset somepeople.And then there was a question of viruses. Viruses have some characteristicsof life but don’t reproduce on their own or use energy. So we still don’t knowwhat to do with them. The lumpers want to keep viruses in the current system.Some of the splitters say to give them a separate kingdom. And the extremesplitters say that viruses have nothing at all to do with living things and keepthem out of my department.Recent research though has moved to see yet another direction. Nowadayswhen we want to determine the characteristics of something, we look at its biochemistry and its genetic material. And what we’ve discovered is that some bacteria are not like the others. Many of these are called extremophiles. They live in very strange places, in polar ice or in a boiling water of hot springs or in water so salty (that) other organisms couldn’t live there. Extremophiles tend to have a different chemistry from other bacteria, a chemistry that in some case is actually more related to plants and animals than to previously known bacteria. So what to do with this strange bacteria?Well, one thing we’ve done is creating a new set of categories, the domains, overarching the different kingdoms. Biologists now recognize three domains. But even as we talk about these new domains, well, come back in a few years and it might all be different.托福TPO听力50音频下载：百度网盘链接：链接：/s/1pKFAflL 密码：dlq2题目：Question 1 of 6What is the lecture mainly about?A. The importance of classifying living organisms.B. The history of biological classification.C. The impact of the microscope on biological classification.D. The naming of newly discovered organisms.Question 2 of 6Why does the professor describe “lumpers” and “splitters”?A. To emphasizeone difference between early and modern biologists.B. To point out that early biological classifications were not based on scientific principles.C. To give examples of categories in early biological classification systems.D. To identify approaches that have shaped the development of biological classification systems.Question 3 of 6What can be inferred about biologists before the time of Carolus Linnaeus?A. They did not agree on the names of many living things..B. Very few of them used microscopes..C. They were puzzled by the discovery of microorganisms that lacked a nucleus..D. They had to be fluent in several languages in order to publish their research..Question 4 of 6What does the professor mention as two characteristics of extremophiles? Click on 2 answers.A. They live in harsh environments..B. They are much larger than most other types of bacteria..C. In their structure they may resemble viruses..D. In their biochemistry, they may be similar to plants and animals.. Question 5 of 6What is the professor's attitude toward the current system of biologicalclassification?A. She is surprised that biologists have not changed the system for so many years..B. She is upset that so many unnecessary distinctions have been added..C. She is not confident that the system has been finalized..D. She is eager for biologists to adopt a completely new system..Question 6 of 6What does the professor imply when she says this:A. The microscope was developed specifically for the purpose of studying and classifying microorganisms..B. The invention of the microscope enabled scientists to confirmpredictions about the characteristics of microorganisms..C. Organisms discovered with early microscopes were classified according to categories that Aristotle established..D. Microscopes helped scientists clarify distinctions between the plant kingdom and the animal kingdom..。
托福TPO50口语Task3阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文
托福TPO50口语Task3阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO50口语T ask3阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO50口语Task3阅读文本：Response to the Plan for an Additional Lighting SystemI oppose the university’s plan to purchase an additional outdoor lighting system. The university says it would make our historic campus more attractive by illuminating our buildings at night. However, the university would spend an extra $1,000 per month for electricity. Instead, I recommend the money be used to complete the library renovation project as quickly as possible.That’s not the only reason we shouldn't get the new system. These powerful lights would brighten the sky as well as the buildings and seriously interfere with the use of our astronomy equipment. Our academic mission must come first - and the practice of astronomy is done best when the sky is darkest.—R. N. Heinrich, Professor of Astronomy托福TPO50口语Task3听力文本：M: I totally agree with the letter.W: How come? Don’t you think the campus looked pretty at night?M: Well…it might make the buildings look nice at night but why should we waste so much money on something we really don’t need? Just for looks, there are more important things than that.W: I can see your point.M: I mean how long has that library project been going on?W: Yeah, the whole third floor has been closed for the last few months.M: Exactly. And just last night, I had my astronomy class with professor Henrik. He told us something that was totally disappointing. We’ve been tracking a comet all semester long and he says if the university’s plan goes through, we won’t be able to see the comet through telescopes anymore.W: That’s so sad. You chose the school just because of the astronomy progr am, didn’t you?M: Yeah, it’s such a good program. But if it’s too bright around here at night, we’ll have to go back to looking at the pictures of comets in the textbook. You could tell Professor Henrik is disappointed too. It’s the hands-on experience that gets everyone all excited.托福TPO50口语Task3题目：Explain why the man agrees with the professor's opinion.托福TPO50口语Task3满分范文：In the reading, one professor proposes that the school shouldn’t spend money purchasing a new lighting system because of two reasons. The first reason is that this new lighting system is too costly and this amount of money could be used to do other meaningful things. The second is that this new system is too bright and it may interfere with school’s academic project. In the list ening, the man approves of the professor’s proposal. The first reason is that it is better for the school to spend the money finishing the library renovation, which is more urgent. And secondly, the students and their astronomy professor are recording a comet through a telescope. If this system is installed, it will make the sky at night too bright and the whole recording would be impossible to finish. Therefore, because of these two reasons the man agrees with the professor’s proposal letter.以上是给大家整理的托福TPO50口语T ask3阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。
TPO50大作文
The issue of whether students of every major should be requested to take history classes never fails to spark fierce arguments among not only students but also teachers. And in my point of view, taking history classes is extremely essential to everyone.First, history can help you to be more knowledgeable than others. Because those specific and skillful subjects like chemistries may contain too much knowledge that you may even do not have the chances to utilize any longer after you graduated from university, history contains some basic knowledge that can be utilized frequently in some occasions in the future. Imagining that you are a high-educated student who is profession in lots of specific fields but do not have the experience to learn history, it is a pity and very embarrassing when someone ask you a common sense or the history of your country, you just say ‘ Sorry I don’t know.’ As a result of that, people who have learnt history are more urbane and popular among people.Second, history can help you to greet foreign people more decent. As everyone knows that greeting people in a decent way is very important. And if you do not greet them in a proper way, or some signals you made provoked them, a fight or even a war may occur. But if you have acquired the knowledge of your foreign guests country’s background, it will easyfor you to know the tradition and the culture of that country. That is to say, you can have a better understanding of your foreign guest, and may reach an agreement eventually. In addition, you can also leave a good impression on others’ minds. And that is what is really useful but cannot be learnt from other subjects.Some people may refute my idea by putting that there’s no use to learn history because it only contains the knowledge in the past, and some knowledge may proved to be wrong now. This theory is not convincing at all. Because in contrast to other specific subjects that only include one kind of knowledge, history is not just a subject that can tell you about the past of the world, it also contains the knowledge from every field such as chemistry, language, or battle. And you can acquire these knowledge unintentionally through studying history.To sum up, history is not only a subject but also a symbol of your academic level, we should study history in order to build a good image and be more elegant.。
托福TPO50综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文
托福TPO50综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO50综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO50综合写作阅读原文文本：Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades. Although there have been successful manned missions to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s, Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the Moon is. Thus the project of sending humans to Mars would require solving an array of problems the Moon missions did not have to face. One problem is that a round-trip to Mars and back is likely to take at least two years. The trip to the Moon lasted only a few days, and it was easy to bring enough supplies of food, water, and oxygen; but the cargo capacity of space vehicles is too limited to put on board the food, water, and oxygen required by a crew for a period of two years. Without those essentials, though, a Mars mission is impossible. A second problem is that astronauts on the Mars mission would be in the zero-gravity environment of space for many months at a time. Spending a long time in the zero-gravity environment has negative effects on the human body, such as decreased muscle mass and lower bone density. Over the course of a two-year mission, the effects would be so severe, they would make it impossible for humans to make the trip without experiencing grave medical problems. Finally, astronauts on a mission to Mars would be exposed to dangerous levels of space radiation, much of which comes in the form of charged particles emitted by the Sun. Earth's magnetic field, which normally protects us from dangerous solar radiation, would not be able to protect a spaceship traveling in interplanetary space.Constructing a shield that would protect the whole spaceship from space radiation is at present impossible because it would add too much weight to the ship.托福TPO50综合写作听力原文文本：A trip to mars would definitely be challenging but scientists have proposed solutions to the problems the reading selection discusses.First of all, food, water and oxygen. Well astronauts can use hydroponics. Hydroponics is a technique for growing plants with their roots in water rather than in soil. It requires relatively little space. Using hydroponics, the astronauts should be able to cultivate food crops in the spacecraft. In addition, the hydroponic will grow plants with recycle waste water and release it as clean water vapor, which can be collected as drinking water. And of course, all plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen. So thanks to hydroponics the astronauts will also have fresh air to breathe.Second, the effects of zero gravity. Over the last few decades, we have launched several space stations orbiting the earth. And a number of astronauts have spent many months on them in a zero gravity environment. These astronauts have learned to use several techniques to safely manage the effects of zero gravity. For example, regular exercise prevents the decrease in muscle mass. Likewise, taking vitamins and minerals like calcium slows down the decrease in astronauts’ bone density.Third, solar radiation. Astronauts traveling to Mars will be exposed to some solar radiation but this radiation will not be at dangerous levels all the time. The sun only releases dangerous amounts of radiation occasionally, during periods when it is particularly active. In order to avoid this threat, the spacecraftcould be equipped with special instruments that monitor solar radiation and with a small shelter that shield against radiation but doesn’t ad d much weight to the ship. Most of the time, the astronauts will go about their normal business in unshielded areas of the spacecraft. But when their instruments detect increased radiation, they could stay in the small shielded area until the danger has passed.托福TPO50综合写作满分范文：Both the reading and listening are arguing over a question whether it is possible to send human being to Mars. The reading lists out three problems to a successful carrying out. However, the listening offers three solutions to these questions. First, the reading raises the question that it takes too long to send people to Mars, approximately two years and no spacecraft could take that many loads of food, water and life essentials. Instead, the listening says this is not a real problem since the astronauts could use hydroponics to grow crop plants in water and food will not be an obstacle. Also, they could grow plants with recycle waste water and reuse it as clean water vapor, which could be drunk. Plus, since all plants do photosynthesis, the astronauts could breathe fresh air released by them. Second, the reading asserts that living in a zero-gravity environment would exert a negative effect on one’s health. Nevertheless, the professor says that the astronauts have learned to use several techniques to make up for the health issue. They will do regular exercise to prevent muscle mass from decreasing and take vitamins and minerals to slow down problem with their bone density. In another word, they’ve figured out how to cope with the potential health problem. Third, the reading claims that radiation emitted by the sun would be dangerous to astronauts. This time professor subtly rejects bypointing out that a third solution has come out. The spaceship would be equipped with a special instrument to monitor the radiation. What’s more, the device could also shield against the radiation. When astronauts meet the period of a large amount of radiation, they could hide behind the shielded areas and come out when the danger has passed.以上是给大家整理的托福TPO50综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。
托福TPO50独立写作题目文本+满分范文
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO50独立写作题目文本+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO50独立写作题目原文： All university students should be required to take history courses no matter what their study of field is. 托福TPO50独立写作满分范文： Nowadays, with the advent of modernization, more and more employers are seeking for high-end talents and professionals to enhance their companies overall competitiveness, thus creating a much more throat-cutting job market than before. Under this circumstance, universities are planning to require all the students to take more compulsory basic courses, which could equip them with more knowledge and secure them a promising future career and among all the subjects, history is undoubtedly one of them. Some people assert that it is indeed necessary for all university students to sign up for history courses regardless of their major might be. Nevertheless, from my perspective, not all of them should be required to take the history class and how many students should take history courses depend on their own major. Firstly, it is unnecessary for IT majors to learn history courses. If we consider/take into account/factor in what IT students’ future job might be, it is a lot more likely that most of them would sit in front of their computers or laptops, stare at their screen and program all sorts of useful and time-saving software. Take Bill Gates, the founder of the well-known Microsoft Corporation, for example. Before he turned Microsoft into a successful commercial software company, Bill himself also began his career as an average software engineer. Fortunately, thanks to his marvelous expertise, he then stood out in his career and grabbed the very chance to establish his commercial empire. Although he doesn’t know the slightest piece of history knowledge, he could still succeed in that his success has nothing to do with history but his outstanding specialty, persistent character and destiny’s favor. Secondly, accounting majors also are those students who don’t need to learn history. During the four-year university period, accounting majors are not only burdened with loads of assignments and presentations but plenty of professional qualifications to acquire, from CPA to ACCA (abbreviations for both Certified Public Accountant and The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants). If these students want to ensure a lucrative career in the future, it is better for them to spend more time preparing for these essential certificates. For instance, my brother, who also majors in accounting always stays up late to cram for his exams, papers and certificates because to him how to find a decent job is the first priority after his graduation. Of course, some students majoring in English and archeology may need to take history courses, because knowing something in history could deepen their understanding of their major study. For instance, if an English major has an idea of what once happened to Britain in the past hundreds of years and how it has shaped the country’s current culture, he could better understand the evolution of English language as a whole, what their language looked like during Shakespeare’s time and why poet would write some poems with certain contents. In a nutshell, it is absurd to assert that all university students should be required to take part in history courses but for some majors, such as English and archeology, learning is definitely a plus. 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO50独立写作题目文本+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。
托福阅读tpo50R-2原文+译文+题目+答案+背景知识
tpo50阅读-2The Achievement of Brazilian Independence原文 (1)译文 (2)题目 (3)答案 (8)背景知识 (9)原文The Achievement of Brazilian Independence①In contrast to the political anarchy , economic dislocation, and military destruction in Spanish America, Brazil's drive toward independence from Portugal proceeded as a relatively bloodless transition between 1808 and 1822. The idea of Brazilian independence first arose in the late eighteenth century as a Brazilian reaction to the Portuguese policy of tightening political and economic control over the colony in the interests of the mother country. The first significant conspiracy against Portuguese rule was organized from 1788-1799 in the province of Minas Gerais, where rigid governmental control over the production and prices of gold and diamonds, as well as heavy taxes, caused much discontent. But this conspiracy never went beyond the stage of discussion and was easily discovered and crushed. Other conspiracies in the late eighteenth century as well as a brief revolt in 1817 reflected the influence of republican ideas over sections of the elite and even the lower strata of urban society. All proved abortive or were soon crushed. Were it not for an accident of European history, the independence of Brazil might have been long delayed.②The French invasion of Portugal in 1807 followed by the flight of the Portuguese court (sovereign and government officers) to Rio de Janeiro brought large benefits to Brazil. Indeed, the transfer of the court in effect signified achievement of Brazilian independence. The Portuguese prince and future King Joao VI opened Brazil's ports to the trade of friendly nations, permitted the rise of local industries, and founded the Bank of Brazil. In 1815 he elevated Brazil to the legal status of a kingdom coequal with Portugal. ln one sense, however, Brazil's new status signified the substitution of one dependence for another. Freed from Portuguese control, Brazil came under the economic dominance of England, which obtained major tariff concessions and other privileges by the Strangford Treaty of 1810 between Portugal and Great Britain. The treaty provided for the importation of British manufactures into Brazil and the export of Brazilian agricultural produce to Great Britain. One result was an influx of cheap machine-made goods that swamped the handicrafts industry of the country.③Brazilian elites took satisfaction in Brazil's new role and the growth of educational, cultural, and economic opportunities for their class. But the feeling was mixed with resentment toward the thousands of Portuguese courtiers (officials) and hangers-on who came with the court and who competed with Brazilians for jobs and favors. Thus, the change in the status of Brazil sharpened the conflict between Portuguese elites born in Brazil and elites born in Portugal and loyal to the Portuguese crown.④The event that precipitated the break with the mother country was the revolution of 1820 in Portugal. The Portuguese revolutionaries framed a liberal constitution for the kingdom, but they were conservative or reactionary in relation to Brazil. They demanded the immediate return of King Joao to Lisbon, an end to the system of dual monarchy that he had devised, and the restoration of the Portuguese commercial monopoly. Timid and vacillating, King Joao did not know which way to turn. Under the pressure of his courtiers, who hungered to return to Portugal and their lost estates, he finally approved the new constitution and sailed for Portugal. He left behind him, however, his son and heir, Pedro, and in a private letter advised him that in the event the Brazilians should demand independence, he should assume leadership of the movement and set the crown of Brazil on his head.⑤Soon it became clear that the Portuguese parliament intended to set the clock back by abrogating all the liberties and concessions won by Brazil since 1808. One of its decrees insisted on the immediate return of Pedro from Brazil. The pace of events moved more rapidly in 1822. On January 9, urged on by Brazilian advisers who perceived a golden opportunity to make an orderly transition to independence without the intervention of the masses, Pedro refused an order from the parliament to return to Portugal, saying famously, "l remain." On September 7, regarded by all Brazilians as Independence Day, he issued the even more celebrated proclamation, "Independence or death!" In December 1822, having overcome slight resistance by Portuguese troops, Dom Pedro was formally proclaimed constitutional Emperor of Brazil.译文巴西独立的成功①与西班牙美洲地区政治上的无政府状态，经济混乱和军事破坏形成鲜明对比的是，巴西脱离葡萄牙的独立运动是在1808年至1822年之间相对不血腥的过渡中进行的。
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为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO50综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO50综合写作阅读原文文本： Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades. Although there have been successful manned missions to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s, Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the Moon is. Thus the project of sending humans to Mars would require solving an array of problems the Moon missions did not have to face. One problem is that a round-trip to Mars and back is likely to take at least two years. The trip to the Moon lasted only a few days, and it was easy to bring enough supplies of food, water, and oxygen; but the cargo capacity of space vehicles is too limited to put on board the food, water, and oxygen required by a crew for a period of two years. Without those essentials, though, a Mars mission is impossible. A second problem is that astronauts on the Mars mission would be in the zero-gravity environment of space for many months at a time. Spending a long time in the zero-gravity environment has negative effects on the human body, such as decreased muscle mass and lower bone density. Over the course of a two-year mission, the effects would be so severe, they would make it impossible for humans to make the trip without experiencing grave medical problems. Finally, astronauts on a mission to Mars would be exposed to dangerous levels of space radiation, much of which comes in the form of charged particles emitted by the Sun. Earth's magnetic field, which normally protects us from dangerous solar radiation, would not be able to protect a spaceship traveling in interplanetary space. Constructing a shield that would protect the whole spaceship from space radiation is at present impossible because it would add too much weight to the ship. 托福TPO50综合写作听力原文文本： A trip to mars would definitely be challenging but scientists have proposed solutions to the problems the reading selection discusses. First of all, food, water and oxygen. Well astronauts can use hydroponics. Hydroponics is a technique for growing plants with their roots in water rather than in soil. It requires relatively little space. Using hydroponics, the astronauts should be able to cultivate food crops in the spacecraft. In addition, the hydroponic will grow plants with recycle waste water and release it as clean water vapor, which can be collected as drinking water. And of course, all plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen. So thanks to hydroponics the astronauts will also have fresh air to breathe. Second, the effects of zero gravity. Over the last few decades, we have launched several space stations orbiting the earth. And a number of astronauts have spent many months on them in a zero gravity environment. These astronauts have learned to useseveral techniques to safely manage the effects of zero gravity. For example, regular exercise prevents the decrease in muscle mass. Likewise, taking vitamins and minerals like calcium slows down the decrease in astronauts’ bone density. Third, solar radiation. Astronauts traveling to Mars will be exposed to some solar radiation but this radiation will not be at dangerous levels all the time. The sun only releases dangerous amounts of radiation occasionally, during periods when it is particularly active. In order to avoid this threat, the spacecraft could be equipped with special instruments that monitor solar radiation and with a small shelter that shield against radiation but doesn’t add much weight to the ship. Most of the time, the astronauts will go about their normal business in unshielded areas of the spacecraft. But when their instruments detect increased radiation, they could stay in the small shielded area until the danger has passed. 托福TPO50综合写作满分范文： Both the reading and listening are arguing over a question whether it is possible to send human being to Mars. The reading lists out three problems to a successful carrying out. However, the listening offers three solutions to these questions. First, the reading raises the question that it takes too long to send people to Mars, approximately two years and no spacecraft could take that many loads of food, water and life essentials. Instead, the listening says this is not a real problem since the astronauts could use hydroponics to grow crop plants in water and food will not be an obstacle. Also, they could grow plants with recycle waste water and reuse it as clean water vapor, which could be drunk. Plus, since all plants do photosynthesis, the astronauts could breathe fresh air released by them. Second, the reading asserts that living in a zero-gravity environment would exert a negative effect on one’s health. Nevertheless, the professor says that the astronauts have learned to use several techniques to make up for the health issue. They will do regular exercise to prevent muscle mass from decreasing and take vitamins and minerals to slow down problem with their bone density. In another word, they’ve figured out how to cope with the potential health problem. Third, the reading claims that radiation emitted by the sun would be dangerous to astronauts. This time professor subtly rejects by pointing out that a third solution has come out. The spaceship would be equipped with a special instrument to monitor the radiation. What’s more, the device could also shield against the radiation. When astronauts meet the period of a large amount of radiation, they could hide behind the shielded areas and come out when the danger has passed. 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO50综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。