TPO1 托福综合写作范文 满分案例
托福OGtest1大作文
Some young adults want independence from their parents as soon as possible. Other young adults prefer to live with their families for a long time. Which of these situations you think is better? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.If we want to live well, we have to live alone, because no one can take care of you all the time even though your parents. Being independent is a symbol of growing up. Thus, it is beneficial for young adults to gain independence from their parents.Living with parents for a long time will increase their burden. After taking care of their children for nearly twenty years, parents are supposed to relax. It is young people's duties to give their parents a long vocation and start take care of themselves. Because parents, stepping into their sixties, have less energy than before; meanwhile, they would like to do something they are interested after their retirements in instead of keeping doing housework and serving for their grow-up children. My mother, for example, kept living with my grandparents until two years ago. During the past twenty years, my grandmother had no rest from doing house work. Everyday, she went to the market to buy food, cooked for the whole family and did the cleanings. This was because that my mom was dependent on her parents all the time and could not cook or do the housework herself. My grandmother, however, though loved and understood her daughter very well, sometime complained about the tiredness and having no time for entertainments. Obviously, my mother's dependence on my grandmother had affected my grandmother's later life. Therefore, it is improper for my mom to live dependently with my grandparents for such a longtime. She ought to live independently and allow my grandparents to enjoy their happy later life.Living alone forces young people to learn some skills and do them well. Unlike my mom, my aunt lived alone since she graduated from universities. For instance, my aunt knew nothing about cooking or housework when she was a teenager, but now, she can cook various delicious foods and organized her own house in perfect order. This was because the situation of living alone pushed her to learn. Moreover, without these skills, she cannot live a healthy life. In the contrast, my mom, after my grandmother moved to my aunt's house, with me, lived a irregular and messy life. At the beginning, we ate take-away food everyday and had to hire a cleaner. Considering our health, she had no way but to learn cooking and cleaning. Thus, if young adults do not live alone, they can never cook on their own or even do simple housework because of laziness and independence.All in all, living independently benefits parents as well as young adults themselves. It is one of the required courses during our life. Though at the beginning, young people cannot well handle numerous daily problems, it will be an unforgettable experience and a worthwhile try.。
TPO1-20综合写作范文
Topic 3ReadingIn the United States, employees typically work five days a week for eight hours each day. However, many employees want to work a four-day week and are willing to accept less pay in order to do so. A mandatory policy requiring companies to offer their employees the option of working a four-day workweek for four-fifths (80 percent) of their normal pay would benefit the economy as a whole as well as the individual companies and the employees who decided to take the option.The shortened workweek would increase company profits because employees would feel more rested and alert, and as a result, they would make fewer costly errors in their work. Hiring more staff to ensure that the same amount of work would be accomplished would not result in additional payroll costs because four-day employees would only be paid 80 percent of the normal rate. In the end, companies would have fewer overworked and error-prone employees for the same money, which would increase company benefits.For the country as a whole, one of the primary benefits of offering this option to employees is that it would reduce unemployment rate. If many full-time employees started working fewer hours, some of their workload would have to be shifted to others. Thus, for every four employees who went on an 80 percent week, a new employee could be hired at the 80 percent rate.Finally, the option of a four-day workweek would be better for individual employees. Employees who could afford a lower salary in exchange for more free time could improve the quality of their lives by spending the extra time with their families, pursuing private interests or enjoying leisure activities.Offering employees the options of four-day work week won’t affect company profits, econo mic conditions or the lives of employees in the ways the reading suggests?First, offering a four-day work week will probably force companies to spend more, possibly a lot more. Adding more workers means putting much more money into providing training and medical benefits. Remember, the costs of things like health benefits can be the same whether employees works four days or five. And having more employees also requires more office space and more computers. These additional costs will quickly cut into company profits.Second, with respect to overall employment, it doesn’t follow that when some employees choose a four-day work week, many more jobs will become available. Hiring a new worker is costly, as I argued a moment ago; and companies have other options: they might just choose to ask their employees to work overtime to make up the difference. Worst, companies might raise their expectations; they might start to expect their four-day employees can do the same amount of work they used to do in five days. If this happens, then no additional jobs will be created, and current jobs will become more unpleasant.Finally, while a four-day work week offers employees more free time to invest on their personal lives, it also presents some risks that could end up reducing their quality of their live. Working a shorter week can decrease employees’ job stabilities and harm their chances for advancing their careers. Four-day employees are likely to be the first to lose their jobs during an economic downturn. They may also be passed over for promotions because companies might prefer to have five-day employees in the management positions to ensure continuous coverage and consistent supervision for the entire work week.The reading and listening passages have a conflict of opinion about the proposal of a four-day workweek for eighty percent of salary. The reading passage points out its three benefits, which are contradicted by the following lecture.First, the reading passage believes that the plan will increase company’s profits because hiring more employees will not increase company’s costs. However, the speaker believes that this is not the case. For one thing, more employees mean more training costs and medical benefits. For another thing, companies will have to spend more on office spaces and computers.Second, the reading passage argues that the plan will reduce unemployment rate because if employees work fewer hours, companies will have to employ more people. Yet, the speaker holds the opposite opinion. He argues that companies will ask employees to work overtime or raise work expectations instead of hiring more.Finally, the reading passage points out the plan will improve the quality of lives of employees. However, the speaker believes that this is not the case because employees will be more likely to lose their jobs and less likely to be promoted to higher positions.Soon there will be something new for the tourist who has been everywhere and seen everything on Earth. Spacecraft being developed by private commercial companies will soon enable private citizens to buy their own tickets to travel into space, thereby creating a space tourism industry. So far, space travel has been undertaken only by governments, but the new, privatized spaceflight industry will bring great benefits to both science and the public.First, private space travel will benefit serious space exploration by making spaceflight cheaper. Privatization of space technology will bring technological costs down very fast because it will allow competition—and competition is one of the strongest motivators to cut costs. Thus, lowering the cost of space travel will benefit not only space tourists but also scientists, who will be able to use private space flights for research purposes.Furthermore, privatization of space travel will accelerate the rate at which important scientific discoveries occur. The aerospace industry already sponsors发起，主办a lot of groundbreaking scientific research, and adding private spaceflight companies to it will make the industry as a whole grow in size, thereby employing more scientists than it does now. That increased number of working scientists means not only that more discoveries are likely to be made but also that those discoveries are likely to be made more quickly than in the past.Finally, when governments are the sole providers of space travel, the costs are paid for by the whole taxpaying public, but with privatization, the expenses of space travel will be borne by the customers of the industry. The fact that private spaceflight operators will be able to raise funds through ticket sales means that the financial burden on taxpayers will be eased significantly.Topic 4ListeningWell, it looks as though we’ll soon see private spacesh ips carrying tourists into space. But will it really provide great benefits for serious science and for the public? I don’t think so.First, privatized space travel, which is extraordinarily expensive, is likely to stay that way. For one thing, commercial space travel will require an elaborate space traffic-control system to prevent collisions—and the development and operation of such a system won’t come cheap either. Another thing that’ll keep costs high is tested and retested—and that also tends to be a very expensive process. Both of those costs will be reflected in the prices of the spaceflight tickets, so no one should expect the cost of space flights to go down fast.Second, if commercial spaceflight has any effect at all on the rate of scientific discovery and innovation, it will be to delay or even prevent such discovery and innovation. If the best and the brightest engineers get lured away from government space programs by the high salaries offered by private, for-profit companies, they might end up working on commercial stuff that doesn't have much scientific value. And as a result, serious space research might actually suffer.And finally, will the taxpaying public get off the hook financially? No chance! The fact is that so-called private space tourism isn’t possible without huge public tax subsidies. It will take billions and billions of dollars to build space stations, space airports, and so on, and private investors simply cannot raise such huge amounts. So the burden on taxpayers won’t be significantly eased with the development of the private spaceflight industry. In fact, all taxpayers’ll be paying more to subsidize the vacations of the space tourists.Topic 5ReadingDonating part of one’s income to public causes, known as charitable givin g, used to be a common practice. But, in the United States charitable giving has declined substantially in recent years, and, for several reasons, it is unlikely to increase in the future.One reason that charitable giving has fallen is simply that there is less need for charitable giving, because the United States government now provides most of the important public services. The government assumes 承担much of the responsibility for feeding the poor, providing health care, and taking care of the victims of natural disasters—functions that charities used to perform. These government institutions of social welfare are permanent, and so the diminished need for private charitable giving will also be permanent.Another reason people are, and will be, giving less to charities is that in the past few years there have been highly publicized disclosures that the managers of some prominent national charities were receiving huge salaries and other benefits as large or larger than salaries of heads of major for-profit corporations. These salaries and expenses for travel, fancy offices, and advertising significantly reduce the percentage of donated money that went to charitable purposes. Naturally people have been turned off 厌烦by these excesses and inefficiencies.Finally, beyond the shortcomings of legitimate charities, there has been an increasing number of fraudulent solicitations恳求，劝诱by organizations or individuals who merely pose as charities. As a result, people are now becoming skeptical even about what are in fact legitimate appeals for support. So potential donors are starting to give less and give less frequently. And since the incidence of charity fraud seems to be increasing, we can expect further declines N. in charitable giving as people become more concerned that they are being taken advantage of.Topic 5 ListeningThere’s no doubt that giving to charities has declined in recent years, but there are good reasons to think it’ll soon begin to go up.Consider, for example, the fact that the number of elderly and retired people in our society keeps growing. Right now, elderly citizens who can’t afford health care often rely on government programs to pay for it. But as the elderly population grows, government programs probably won’t be able to cover the health assistance, Americans respond to that need. And since the need will be increasing, we should expect to see charitable giving rise accordingly.The re’s another reason to be optimistic about the future of charitable giving. The disclosures of waste and bad management at major charities, and people’s anger at this waste, are producing significant reforms. Overpaid managers have been forced to resign by the bad publicity. Charities are reducing their expenses and are now subject to服从closer public scrutiny. As a result, people are regaining confidence that the money they donate will support the causes they care about.People’s reaction to charity fraud is also evolving正在发展. In the short run, people don’t want to donate because they’re concerned with whether charities are honest. But in the long run, such skepticism makes people careful, not stingy. For example, many people now refuse to give money when they’re asked to do so over the telephone. They insist on receiving proof and doc umentation before they donate. Just as people learn how to be careful consumers, most people are acquiring the skills needed to guard against charity fraud without stopping their support for worthwhile causes.Topic 6ReadingIt used to be that parents took their children on vacation during the summer, when school was out of session. But today, much more often than in the past, many parents take their children on vacation during the school year. Although these children are away from school, sometimes for several weeks, traveling itself serves a valuable educational function.The most important educational benefit of taking children on vacation is that traveling exposes children to new places and cultures. It is good for children to read about distant countries, but it is even better to take them there. What students learn by meeting the people and absorbing the culture of these places is something they could not learn in their classrooms.Moreover, the benefits to the children who have been away from the classroom for several weeks traveling continue after they have returned to their classes. Students who are in school every day of the school year can easily lose enthusiasm for their studies. But students invigorated by time away return with heightened excitement.The trend of students taking vacations during the school year also has benefits for teachers. When these students return to school, their knowledge and enthusiasm contribute positively to the entire class. Teachers can ask the children to share stories of their travels with their peers and can incorporate what they have learned from traveling into writing and reading projects. This makes lesson development easier for teachers because the returning students’ experiences provide a ready basis for classroom discussions and projects.Topic 6 ListeningNow, let’s consider how taking children on vacation when school is in session impacts their education. I believe the impact on children and their teachers can be quite negative.While students have been traveling, their fellow students have been working. What do you think happens when they return to school? Well, they have to spend a lot of time “playing catch-up,” you know, doing work that fellow students have already done. It’s one thing to miss a day or two of school, but many parents take their children on vacation for weeks on end, and it’s very difficult for any child to make up that much missed time. So, the missed learning has to be weighed against the benefits of traveling and learning about other cultures. On balance, what is lost is greater than what is gained.When children come back to class after a long trip, they’re excited about their recent adventures. Sounds good, but this enthusiasm can have a downside. Their excitement can make it difficult for them to fit back into the routine of the school day. School seems a little boring to them, so they’re not attentive to their studies, and their restlessness can distract other students.When a student is distracted or has to catch up on missed wor k, there’s a negative effect on the teacher too. Teachers have lesson plans that detail, day by day, what they are going to teach. When a student is absent from the classroom, this interferes with a teacher’s plan for that student. And if teachers spend time helping a few students catch up, they have less time for other students… so they suffer too.Topic 7ReadingEaster Island, a small, remote island in the Pacific Ocean, was once home to a flourishing culture. But about 500 years ago (A. D. 1500), its society went into a steep decline. History teaches us that events like this are often caused by outside influences. So it is not unreasonable to consider whether there are facts about the decline of Easter Island’s society that would be explained by a hypothesis of an invasion.One such fact has to do with trees. Most Pacific island societies have managed to find an ecologically balanced way of living by using—but not overexploiting—natural resources such as trees. Most Pacific islands, therefore, remain lush—but not Easter Island. Although it was once densely forested, most of its trees had disappeared by about 500 years ago. Environmental destruction of this sort has often been caused by invaders who deplete an area’s natural resources without any concern for the future.Facts about the large stone statues on Easter Island could also support the idea of an invasion. There are about 900 of these statues on the island; the largest is over 20 meters tall. The native society clearly placed a great deal of importance on their production. Yet about the same time that the island became deforested, islanders stopped making these huge statues. An invasion would help explain why this traditional practice came to a sudden end.Furthermore, we know that around the time these other changes were taking place, a new religion developed on Easter Island: the “Birdman” worship. There is no convincing evidence that the Birdman religion existed before 1500, which suggests that this new religious practice may have been introduced by outsiders.Topic 7 ListeningThe idea considered in the reading is not unreasonable in the abstract, but all the concrete evidence points to internal causes for the decline of Easter Island’s culture 500 years ago. It’s a sad story of a native culture that did not have the foresight to sustain itself.In the centuries before 1500, the inhabitants of Easter Island were prosperous… so prosperous that they were able to invest extra time and energy in building giant statues, which became important signs of status. Different island communities began competing as to who could erect the most statues. Now here’s where the problem for trees comes in: archaeological evidence shows that the islanders used tree logs to move the statues into position. So, as the number of statues increased, more and more trees had to be cut, until finally, 500 years ago, there were no more left.Of course, once the trees were gone, the islander could no longer build rafts to fish at sea, and so they could no longer catch big fish. As the necessities of life became harder and harder to get, the islanders no longer had the time and energy to create big statues. Without logs, of course, they couldn't move the statues anyway, so naturally the interest in making the statues declined.Finally, it would not be surprising if the islanders lost confidence in their old gods when life on the island became a struggle for survival. I mean, the old gods wouldn’t seem to be protecting them any more. So it would be natural for the islanders to have developed a different religious idea, hoping that the new god would ensure them a better life.Topic 8ReadingWhen a company needs to hire someone for a managerial position, there is often a choice between promoting an employee who is already working inside the company or bringing in a person from outside. Hiring a qualified outsider is often to a company’s advantage for several reasons.An important reason for hiring outsiders as managers is that they bring a new perspective. This contributes to the diversity of ideas and allows company practices to be seen in a new light. Often, an outside hire will ask, “What’s the reason for doing things this way?” This question may lead to a reevaluation of practices that are actually inefficient but have become so much a part of the routine that it’s difficult for insiders to question them.Another major factor to be considered is the cost of on-the-job training. Hiring outsiders allows a company to look for people who already have the particular skills and experience required for the job. The company will not have to spend time and money training an internal employee for the new job—something that has to be done when, for example, an employee is promoted from a technical position to a managerial one. In such a case, usually the employee would be sent to classes to help learn needed managerial skills.Finally, managers hired from the outside will often have business contacts with suppliers, customers, and technicians that they have developed in their previous job. Clearly these contacts can be a valuable asset for the company that hires managers from the outside.Topic 8 ListeningFor some of the reasons presented in the reading, many companies have a policy of hiring outsiders to fill managerial positions. However, a closer examination will show that the policy is misguided.First of all, the new perspective an outsider brings into the company’s corporate structure often leads to conflict in the managerial team. Companies often have specific corporate philosoph ies… (for example, about how decisions are to be reached and how work is to be organized). So when outsiders bring with them a significantly different philosophy, this can create serious disagreement and conflict… and make it difficult for the managerial t eam as a whole to function smoothly and efficiently. An internal employee, by contrast, is more likely to know company tradition.Another point to note is that hiring outsiders may entail an additional cost that perhaps isn’t obvious. It’s true that outsi de hires may come with required managerial skills and experience. But to become effective as managers in a new company, they also have to establish personal relationships with their new colleagues—get to know them and win their trust. This can often take more time than one would expect, and an uncomfortable settling-in period between a new boss and workers can also be more costly in lost productivity than on-the-job training for an internal employee.Finally, suppose a company makes a point of hiring outsiders as managers instead of promoting insiders. Well, that company will soon find that its own best employees will have not choice but to look to advance their own careers outside the company. And when these key employees leave, they will also take their valuable business contacts away with them to their new employer.Scant physical evidence remains of the first human domestication of grain. Still, there is enough to conclude that ancient peoples, motivated by the nutritional value of bread or cakes made of wild wheat, looked for controlled ways to grow it to provide a consistent food supply. Three related discoveries are likely to have led to the introduction of bread as the first grain-based food.The first discovery was that wheat could be prepared for use by grinding. People probably began consuming wheat by chewing it raw. Because wheat is very hard, they gradually discovered that it was less trouble to eat if crushed to paste between two stones—the result would have been the ancestor of the drier, more powdery wheat flour we use today.From there, it was a short step to the next breakthrough: baking the simplest bread, which requires no technology but fire. Loaves of wheat paste, when baked into bread, could be stored for long periods, certainly longer than raw seeds. This kept the food value of wheat available for an extended period after it had been harvested.Finally, ancient peoples found that, if the paste was allowed to sit in the open, yeast spores from the air settled on it and began fermenting the wheat. This natural process of fermentation caused bubbles to from in the wheat paste that suggested it would be lighter in texture and even easier to eat when baked.Conventional wisdom says that a very primitive kind of bread was the first grain food that human societies ate. But, you know, for the last few decades, there’s been an alternative hypothesis that quite a few anthropologists are starting to give a closer look. That hypotheses says that is was, in fact, beer—not bread—that was the first again food. Sound strange? Consider a couple of things.For one thing, you don’t have to grind wheat to make it easier to eat. If you keep it in a moist environment, it naturally starts sprouting, with a new baby plant splitting the hard seed case in half. Sprouted wheat is sweeter, softer, and actually more nutritious than whole wheat seeds—and it would have developed without human bright idea of crushing it. In order to discover the usefulness of ground wheat, someone gad to get the bright idea of crushing it. To discover the usefulness of sprouted wheat, people just had to do nothing and let it sit. Which do you think happened first?Another thing: what turns grain into beer is fermentation, and wheat begins to ferment almost as soon as it’s stored—from water and yeasts in the air. After the wheat sprouted, it would have started to ferment. The process would have been obvious because of the bubbles and foam that formed. People could have experimented by tasting it and discovering the first beer.And even if you assume that people were already grinding wheat to paste, think about it. The paste ferments and bubbles. Is it likely that early peoples would have thought to fire it before eating? We’re used to cooking our food, but in prehistoric times, the idea that you would take fire to food to improve it for eating was not obvious.Wilderness management has advanced greatly over the last century, due in part to such practices as the suppression of forest fired and limitations on the clear-cutting of trees. Monitoring forests for small brushfires is easier with aircraft, as is the use of large amounts of water and sophisticated chemical fire extinguishers to prevent fires from spreading.The goals decreasing the amount of destruction by fires and cutting are wide-ranging. One is simply the longer lives and improved health of trees. In some areas of hickory and oak forest on the Eastern Seaboard, fire suppression has allowed the maturation of so many trees that the treetops form a continuous canopy.There is evidence of the healthful effects of fire suppression closer to the ground as well. Vines and low bushes that would be burned out in a forest fire can flourish when fires are suppressed, of course, but there is a more indirect way fires harm plant life. Chemical tests on areas that have recently experienced forest fires demonstrate that burning decreases the overall amount of nutrients in the soil. Suppressing fires prevents such a decrease. Ferns, wildflowers and herbs grow without disturbance.Finally, wildlife can benefit. In the eastern hickory and oak forest, the suppression of fires has meant that forest animals---ranging from small insects and birds to large deer and bears—are not burned to death. Deer populations, in particular, have increased notably.For years, forest fires were regarded as uniformly destructive, and forest managers put a lot of effort into preventing them. But it turns out that fire suppression may have destructive long-term effects on the forests it’s supposed to protect.For instance, mature oaks have grown so thickly in some places that little light reaches the forest floor. But young oak trees need light in order to grow properly. The lack of light has meant that new oaks aren’t maturing rapidly enough to replace the older oaks. It also means that other tree species that don’t need so much light, such as maples, are invading oak and hickory forests and competing for resource.There are competition problems at ground level too. What forest fires, both natural and artificial, used to do is burn off some of the plants on the forest floor before they could grow into huge thickets. Now they run wild over the ground—and again, that means it’s hard for young trees and other native plants to grow.Then there’s the increase in the deer population—this partially results from the lack of forest fires and partially from limitations on hunting—but the thing is, deer like to eat the leaves off oak saplings. So if one of those oak seedlings somehow does manage to get a good start, despite the shade and all the other plants competing for nutrients, it’s likely to be killed by having its leaves eaten.Oh, and one other thing: Scientists are now finding that forest fires release nutrients from the plants and animals that are burned. That means that, even though the total amount of nutrients is decreased, there can actually be more nutrients available on the soil surface for plants that are trying to grow back afterward.。
TPO1综合写作
According to the reading, it says that a four-day week is benefit to both employees and company. But the professor who gave the lecture disagrees this opinion.Firstly, the reading considers that a four-day week not only make the employees work more effectively, but company can save a sum of money. At the same time, the company can employ more employees. However the professor thinks a four-day week doesn't work. Because it will make the company spend more time and money on training the new employees and buying the office facilities.Secondly, it is good for the country, because it can offer the option to workless people and it will not lead to a loss. The employees get 80% of their normal pay, and the rest will be paid to the new employees. Although it has this benefit, the professor puts forward that a four-day week will cause the company pay more money on medical benefits. So a four-day week will not suit for us.Finally, the passage also mentions that people will have more free time to stay at home. They can spend time with family and do anything they like. It will make them live a fulfilling life. Nevertheless the professor thinks it also reduces their quality of life due to the less wage. Anyway they have different idea between the four-day week.。
tpo综合写作范文
tpo综合写作范文TPO Integrated Writing Sample。
The passage discusses the decline of honeybee populations and its potential impact on the environment, while the lecture provides an alternative explanation for the decline and its potential consequences. 。
The passage suggests that the decline in honeybee populations could have serious consequences for the environment. It notes that honeybees are important pollinators for many crops, and their decline could lead to a decrease in crop yields. The passage also mentions that honeybees are important for maintaining biodiversity, as they pollinate a wide variety of plants. The passage concludes by stating that the decline in honeybee populations is a serious issue that requires immediate attention.The lecture, however, provides an alternative explanation for the decline in honeybee populations. The lecturer argues that the decline is not due to a decrease in the number of honeybees, but rather to changes in the way that honeybee populations are measured. The lecturer also suggests that the decline in honeybee populations is not as severe as the passage suggests, and that there are other pollinators that can take over the role of honeybees if necessary. 。
TPO1综合写作例文
TPO1综合The reading passage argues that a policy which offers an option for employees to work 4 days instead of 5 days and receive 80 percent of their previous salary can be beneficial towards economy and individual companies and employees; however, the listening passage holds an opposite opinion.First, the writer argues that the policy can increase profits of companies, for the more rest the workers take, the less error they make. In contrast, the speaker explains that the policy can probably force companies to spend more. The reason is that for adding new workers, company will put more money into training courses and health benefits and the cost of things, like health benefits will be the same no matter the workers work 4 days or 5. Besides, the more people companies employ the more office spaces and computers they should provide so that these conditional costs will cut into the profits.Second, the author mentions that employments might increase with the policy's help. On the contrary, the lecturer shows that the job offer will not be available and hiring new workers is costly, which is claimed before. Except enforcing the policy, companies can provide other options like asking workers to work over-time to make up differences. Also, the policy mat raise expectation that expects workers to do five-days work in 4 days. If it happens, no additional job will increase, and the current jobs will be more unpleasant.Finally, the reading material states that for individual workers, they can increase their quality of life, while the listening material illustrates that the policy can present risk that ends up reducing quality of life. With the decline of work, people decrease their abilities of work and harm chances for advancing their careers. The worse is that four-day workers are likely to be the first to lose their jobs during downturn because companies prefer 5-day porkers in management positions.Therefore, the listening disagrees with the reading.。
TPO1托福综合写作范文满分案例
The professor think that by 4-day workweek rules, the company may probabely cost more and cut in their profits. Firstly, more employees means more work space and more computers, this is a large budget that the lecture didn,t include. Even thought they accept that they can be payed less if they go on the four-day workweek, the amount of work doesn't change. To fullfill the company's business goal, they need to hire more empolyees, therefore more private work space and computers and stuff like that are needed. Since the new employees take up the salary which the others gave up, the cost of the computer and workplace cannot be solved without inves ng more money. Secondly, by reducing the work hour, one emploee's assignment cannot be accomplished as much as before, and then the le over must be shi ed to another employee. Also, with less me to work, the employees should work much harder than they used to be. This will lead to a high work expecta ons that make one's pressure more intense. How can a man live a good life under a huge stress? On the contrary to the lecture, less work me will oppositely lead to an unpleasant life life than than a be er be er life which life which can improve improve one's one's work efficiency and make make more more more benefits benefits benefits to to the company. Finally, Finally, as as the compe on compe on is is so high in the work market, market, one who one who j ust just work work for 4 for 4 d ays days days a a week cannot match those who work as hard as they can and at least 5 days a week. Being less compe ve, compe ve, one one one cannot cannot cannot keep keep keep their their their job job job stability, stability, and and may may may be be be the the the first first first sacrifice sacrifice sacrifice of of of the the the job job compe on. Since the boss must give their credit to those who work 5 days a week other than those who work only 4 days a week. Therefore, the delegant ones get promoted for they can be relied on crucial tasks and they will supervise the company constantly with lower absense-error happening. 。
托福tpo第一篇文章
Everything usually has its two explanations.这句话好空洞……The set of materials presents divergent/contradictory theories. And the professor in the lecture clarifies the doubt on Chevalier’s memoir pinpointed in the reading passage.First of all, the issue is about whether the Chevalier was a real rich man. Critics list evidence that the Chevalier had borrowed money from a merchant in Switzerland. But the proffessor thought the reason he borrowed money from the merchant couldbe explained by he was waiting for his money which has not arrived yet.So it cannot demonstrate that the Chevalier is poor.这一段应该是说，C本来是有钱人，但是有资产而非现金，所以需要变卖周转。
而周转过程中需要借现金。
Besides, critics doubt about the conversations with the famous writer Voltaire can also be explained for the following reasons. While he had those conversations with Voltaire,the Chevalier mighttake some notes and then wrote in his journals. And that would be the reason why he could remember the contents of those conversations accurately.笔记和日志是后来写书的参考资料Finally, critics hold the notion that it would be impossible for the Chevalier to escape the Venetian prison by making a hole in his ceiling and climbing through the roof.hemay just askedhis politically well-connectedfriends to bribe him out of prison. And the professor pointed out that there were someone else in the prison who had more powerful friends and they could not escape from the prison succesfully, not to mention the Chevalier. Also, the professor showed some evidences that after his escape, the Chevalier's cell did have records of repairing.From those reasons which have been listed above, the professor holds the opposite view about what has been discussed in the reading passage.最后一段可以不要。
官方真题TPO1托福独立写作题目文本+满分范文
官方真题TPO1托福独立写作题目文本+满分范文现在大家在进行托福备考时官方真题Official托福模考软件相信是大家用的最多的工具了，对于托福成绩的提升是非常有帮助的。
托福听力可以说是整个托福考试当中比较重要的一个部分，如何利用现有资料官方真题Official模考软件来提升大家的托福成绩呢?今天我在这里整理了官方真题Official1托福独立写作题目文本+满分（范文）来分享给大家，希望对大家托福备考有帮助。
官方真题TPO1托福独立写作题目文本+满分范文官方真题Official1托福独立写作题目原文：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? At universities and colleges, sports and social activities are just as important as classes and libraries and should receive equal financial support. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.官方真题Official1托福独立写作满分范文1：As people regard education as an essential part of life more and more, where the educational budgets should be devoted to rises to a hot topic. Some people hold the view that money is supposed to be put into classes and libraries, while others believe that an equal amount of financial support should begiven to sports and social activities at universities and colleges. From my perspective, sports and social activities make a complete campus life together with classes and libraries, so I firmly agree with the statement. First of all, playing sports makes a person healthy and energetic to face the future challenges. It can be seen everywhere that more and more students wear glasses, and too much reading along with facing computers for a long time makes it even worse. Then they may suffer from eye problems or other physical diseases. The only way of improving this case is to encourage them to take some time relaxing in sports. Furthermore, playing a ball game together is the best method to promote teamwork spirit. After a period of playing together, members will develop a way to solve problems and achieve their common goal. Therefore, sports strengthen ones body as well as enhance the spirit of teamwork. Besides, social activities can help foster abilities that students cannot gain during classes or self-studying. Though being smart and diligent, some students are called pedants because of not being able to exchange ideas with others freely. Only if a person is equipped with knowledge and is capable of expressing it can he become competent. So, it is significant for them to take part in social activities with the aim oflifting their communication skills. When pedants are forced to talking with others, its a great chance for them to make new friends and express their thoughts, which may be an opportunity for their future career. Last but not the least is that the places provided for sports and social activities are in need of money. It is common that the school will spend a large sum of money to purchase updated books and facilities to fulfill the requirements of classes and libraries. However, finding a suitable place to play sports or hold social activities is always hard. Take my university as an example, if I want to read a book, I can easily find a seat in the library, but if I want to run for half an hour, the crowded gym will just turn me into a upset mood. Then, requiring the same amount of financial support to ameliorate the condition is just reasonable. In a nutshell, financial support should be contributed to sports and social activities just like classes and libraries, for they help with strengthening bodies, making progress in communication skills and they are in shortage of fund.官方真题Official1托福独立写作满分范文2：Some people claim that universities and colleges should not spend a great deal of money on sports and social activities, as their budgets should prioritize classes and libraries.However, as educational institutions, universities and colleges have an obligation to provide a wide range of knowledge to their students to help them develop academically and socially. An increasing number of businesses have high demand for people who are not only specialists in their fields, but also skilled in social interaction. With the ever changing science and technology, no task can be fulfilled by a single person and given the need for collaboration, social skills and team spirit are indispensable qualities for success. Clearly, sports and social activities in universities and colleges provide students with the perfect settings to practice their social skills. By playing football in a team or joining in a contest, for instance, students can develop a sense of belonging and experience team spirit, both of which are quite essential for their future careers. Aside from fostering social skills and team spirit, sports and social activities can greatly help students release their pressures. Nowadays, students not only have to finish all the tasks assigned by teachers, but also have to attend many extra-curricular training courses. Even the most enthusiastic people feel tired and exhausted if they keep this busy schedule for a pretty long time. For example, when I was in high school, I would playbasketball with my classmates. I could always get good refreshment and resume schoolwork with higher efficiency later on. Admittedly, academic education will always be at the heart of a university. In universities, sports and social activities should by no means take the place of a focus on academic study. However, what I believe is that universities and colleges are supposed to invest in academics as well as sports and social activities. For instance, in the United States, almost all famous universities have plenty of sports teams and social groups, and universities provide adequate financial support for these events. Both of these fields are highly valued. For these reasons, I maintain that universities and colleges should spend enough money on academic education and social movements to prepare students for their future development.如何提高托福写作速度?一、打字速度作为互联网的一代，绝大部分考生对键盘应当是相当熟悉对，并且用中文打字的速度也是十分的快速，但是为什么偏偏英文就不行呢?答案很简单，大家熟悉的是中文拼音的排列组合。
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The professor think that by 4-day workweek rules, the company may probabely cost more and cut in their profits.
Firstly, more employees means more work space and more computers, this is a large budget that the lecture didn,t include. Even thought they accept that they can be payed less if they go on the four-day workweek, the amount of work doesn't change. To fullfill the company's business goal, they need to hire more empolyees, therefore more private work space and computers and stuff like that are needed. Since the new employees take up the salary which the others gave up, the cost of the computer and workplace cannot be solved without investing more money.
Secondly, by reducing the work hour, one emploee's assignment cannot be accomplished as much as before, and then the leftover must be shifted to another employee. Also, with less time to work, the employees should work much harder than they used to be. This will lead to a high work expectations that make one's pressure more intense. How can a man live a good life under a huge stress? On the contrary to the lecture, less work time will oppositely lead to an unpleasant life than a better life which can improve one's work efficiency and make more benefits to the company.
Finally, as the competition is so high in the work market, one who just work for 4 days a week cannot match those who work as hard as they can and at least 5 days a week. Being less competitive, one cannot keep their job stability, and may be the first sacrifice of the job competition. Since the boss must give their credit to those who work 5 days a week other than those who work only 4 days a week. Therefore, the delegant ones get promoted for they can be relied on crucial tasks and they will supervise the company constantly with lower absense-error happening.。