谈谈法律英语中的专业词汇
法律英语知识点归纳

法律英语知识点归纳法律英语是指在法律领域中使用的英语语言和术语。
对于从事国际商法、国际仲裁、国际贸易等方面的工作人员来说,掌握法律英语是非常重要的。
本文将详细介绍一些常用的法律英语知识点。
一、法律体系及法律原则1. Common Law(普通法):源于英国的法律制度,以判例为基础,注重司法判决的先例。
2. Civil Law(民法):法律体系以法典为基础,强调通过法典和条例规范法律事务。
3. Statute(法令):由立法机关制定通过的具有法律效力的规定。
4. Case Law(判例法):法院对特定案件的判决和裁决形成的先例,对类似案件具有法律约束力。
5. Precedent(先例):判决或裁决后的法律准则,被认为可以指导类似案件的判决。
6. Hierarchy of Laws(法律等级):指不同法律的优先级别,一般按照宪法、法令、法律、法规、命令、条例等顺序排列。
二、合同法1. Contract(合同):双方达成的协议,包括权利和义务。
2. Offer(提议):要约,表明愿意与他人达成协议。
3. Acceptance(接受):对提议的同意。
4. Consideration(对价):作为一方履行合同义务的回报。
5. Breach of Contract(违约):未能按照合同约定履行义务。
6. Force Majeure(不可抗力):无法预见或控制的事件,免除违约责任。
7. Jurisdiction(管辖权):法院对案件有管辖权的能力。
8. Damages(赔偿金):违约方需支付给另一方的经济损失补偿。
9. Termination(终止):合同约定的条件下,解除合同关系。
三、知识产权法1. Intellectual Property(知识产权):由创造性思维产生的无形资产。
2. Copyright(版权):保护个人作品的权益。
3. Patent(专利):保护新发明的独特性和可产业化的权益。
4. Trademark(商标):区分商品来源的标志。
法律专业英语词汇介绍

法律专业英语词汇介绍法律专业英语词汇介绍今天店铺给大家精心准备了法律专业的.大部分英语词汇,虽然法律似乎离我们很遥远,但是,必备的法律专业的词汇也是需要我们了解的,希望对大家的英语学习有帮助!1.法律事务1.legal business2.草签合同2.initial a contract; sign a referendum contract; ad referendum contract3.长期合同3.long-term contract4.偿付能力4.solvency capability of reimbursement5.超越代理权5.beyond the scope of one’s power of agency6.法人权限6.corporate power7.法人人格7.corporate personality8.法人身份8.status of a legal person9.撤消合同9.cancellation of contract10.撤销合同10.cancel a contract; rescind a contract; avoid a contract11.撤销权11.right of rescission; right of revocation12.撤销要约12.revocation of offer; revoke an offer13.法人团体13.corporation14.法人资格14.corporate capacity15.刑事审判庭15.criminal tribunal16.刑事诉讼16.criminal proceedings17.刑事诉讼法17.Criminal Procedural Law18.刑事自诉状18.self-incriminating criminal complaint19.证据保全19.preserve evidence20.分析能力20.analysis ability21.调查取证21.investigation and gathering for evidence22.调解22.mediation23.调解书23.mediation24.二审案件24.case of trial of second instance25.发送电子邮件25.send e-mail26.法律顾问26.legal consultants27.法律意见书27.legal opinions28.法律援助28.legal aid29.法律咨询29.legal counseling30.法庭30.division; tribunal31.法学博士学位31.LL.D (Doctor of Laws)32.法学会w society33.法学课程33.legal courses34.法学硕士学位34.LL.M (Master of Laws)35.法学系35.faculty of law; department of law36.法学学士学位36.LL.B (Bachelor of Laws)37.法学院w school38.法院公告38.court announcement39.反诉状39.counterclaim40.房地产律师40.real estate lawyer; real property lawyer 下载全文下载文档。
法律英语重点专业词汇解析

法律英语重点专业词汇解析1. 法律英语概述法律英语是法学专业中的重要分支之一,涉及到法律文件、合同、法律案例等与法律相关的各种文字材料。
掌握法律英语的专业词汇对于理解和应用法律文本具有重要意义。
2. 法律英语重点专业词汇在法律英语中,有许多准确而专业的词汇需要掌握。
以下是一些常见的法律英语专业词汇的解析:- Act: 法案,指一项通过国会或议会法律程序,成为法律的法案。
- Arbitration: 仲裁,指由第三方解决争议的法律程序。
- Defendant: 被告,指在法庭上被控告的一方。
- Injunction: 禁令,指法院颁发的禁止某些行为的命令。
- Jurisdiction: 管辖权,指法院有权处理某一特定案件的权力。
- Litigation: 诉讼,指通过法律程序解决争议的过程。
- Patent: 专利,指一项新的发明或发现的独特技术。
- Plaintiff: 原告,指在法庭上提起诉讼的一方。
- Tort: 侵权行为,指侵犯他人权益的非法行为。
- Waiver: 放弃,指明确放弃某种合法权利的行为。
3. 法律英语研究方法了解法律英语的专业词汇是研究法律英语的基础。
以下是一些研究法律英语的方法:- 积累词汇:通过背诵和记忆法律英语的专业词汇,增加词汇量和理解能力。
- 阅读法律文本:阅读法律文件、合同和案例,提高对法律英语的理解和应用能力。
- 借助工具:使用法律英语词典、翻译软件等工具,提供准确、专业的词汇解释和翻译。
4. 结论法律英语的专业词汇对于学习和理解法律文本具有至关重要的意义。
通过积累词汇、阅读法律文本以及借助工具,我们可以提高对法律英语的掌握和应用能力。
希望这篇文档能够为学习法律英语的同学们提供一些帮助。
法律英语词汇学习

法律英语词汇学习1. 引言法律英语是法律学习的重要组成部分,掌握法律英语词汇是理解和运用法律文件的基础。
本篇文档将介绍一些常用的法律英语词汇,帮助读者更好地理解和运用法律英语。
2. 常用法律英语词汇2.1 法律文件在学习法律英语之前,首先需要了解一些常见的法律文件类型。
以下是一些常用的法律文件的英文表达:•Constitution: 宪法•Statute: 法令•Regulation: 规定•Ordinance: 条例•Decree: 法令/法令书•Directive: 指令•Treaty: 条约•Agreement: 合同•Contract: 合同•Memorandum of Understanding (MoU): 谅解备忘录2.2 法律流程和程序学习法律英语,也需要了解一些常见的法律流程和程序。
以下是一些常用的法律流程和程序的英文表达:•Lawsuit: 诉讼•Hearing: 审理/听证会•Trial: 审判•Appeal: 上诉•Verdict: 裁决•Judgement: 判决•Defendant: 被告•Plntiff: 原告•Witness: 证人•Subpoena: 传票•Petition: 请愿•Settlement: 和解2.3 法律术语掌握常用法律术语对理解法律文件和案件非常重要。
以下是一些常见的法律术语的英文表达:•Legal liability: 法律责任•Breach of contract: 违约•Intellectual property: 知识产权•Tort: 侵权行为•Negligence: 过失•Force majeure: 不可抗力•Injunction: 禁令•Liability insurance: 责任保险•Statute of limitations: 诉讼时效•Confidentiality agreement: 保密协议•Arbitration: 仲裁3. 学习方法3.1 阅读法律文件阅读法律文件是学习法律英语的重要方法之一。
常用的法律英语术语

常用的法律英语术语法律英语是一种特殊的语言体系,由法律术语组成。
对于研究法律的学生和从事法律工作的专业人士来说,熟悉常用的法律英语术语是非常重要的。
本文将介绍一些常见的法律英语术语,并提供简单的解释。
下面是一些常见的法律英语术语:1. Lawsuit(诉讼)诉讼是指在法院提起的一系列法律程序,目的是解决法律纠纷。
在诉讼过程中,原告向法院提出指控,被告进行辩护,并且法院最终做出裁决。
诉讼是解决法律争议的一种正式途径。
2. Plaintiff(原告)原告是在一起诉讼中提起诉讼的一方。
原告将被告带入法庭,并寻求法院对其主张的支持。
3. Defendant(被告)被告是在一起诉讼中被指控的一方。
被告需要在法庭上进行辩护,并试图反驳原告提出的指控。
4. Contract(合同)合同是由两个或多个当事人之间达成的法律协议。
合同规定了各方的权利和义务,可以是书面或口头形式。
合同是保障当事人权益的重要法律文件。
5. Breach of Contract(合同违约)合同违约是指合同一方未能履行其在合同中规定的义务。
当一方未能履行合同条款时,另一方可以采取法律行动来追求赔偿或解除合同。
6. Tort(侵权行为)侵权行为指的是一方在未获得另一方同意的情况下,通过行为或不行为给另一方造成了伤害或损失。
常见的侵权行为包括人身伤害、财产损失等。
7. Negligence(疏忽)疏忽是指一方在行为上未能按照合理的标准行事,从而给他人造成伤害或损失。
在法律上,如果被告以不合理的方式行事,并因此给原告造成了损害,那么可以被认定为疏忽。
8. Crime(犯罪)犯罪是指违反法律的行为。
根据犯罪的严重程度,有不同的刑事罪名和相应的刑罚。
犯罪行为可能包括盗窃、谋杀、强奸等。
9. Plaintiff’s Attorney(原告律师)原告律师是代表原告在诉讼过程中提供法律援助的专业人士。
原告律师负责收集证据、起草法律文件,并代表原告出庭。
10. Defendant’s Attorney(被告律师)被告律师是代表被告在诉讼过程中提供法律援助的专业人士。
法律英语重点专业词汇研究

法律英语重点专业词汇研究引言法律英语是法学专业研究的重要组成部分,掌握法律英语的关键词汇对于法学专业学生来说至关重要。
本文将研究法律英语中的重点专业词汇,对其涵义和用法进行探讨,以帮助读者更好地理解和运用这些词汇。
专业词汇研究1. StatuteStatute是英美法系中常用的重要词汇,指的是由立法机关通过的正式法律文件。
Statute在法律英语中常被翻译为“法令”或“法规”,其在法学领域中扮演着重要的角色。
2. JurisdictionJurisdiction是指法院或其他法律机构行使法律权力的范围和权力。
在英语中,jurisdiction可指特定地区的管辖权,也可指法院对某个特定案件的管辖权。
3. DefendantDefendant是指在民事诉讼或刑事诉讼中被控告的被告方。
在法律英语中,defendant常用于指代民事诉讼中的被告方,相对应的,刑事诉讼中的被告方通常被称为accused。
4. PlaintiffPlaintiff是指在民事诉讼中提起诉讼的原告方。
Plaintiff是一个重要的法律英语词汇,对于理解民事诉讼程序和原告方权利义务有重要意义。
5. ContractContract是指双方或多方通过书面或口头协议达成的法律约束力的协议。
Contract是商业和民事法领域中常见的术语,在法律英语中它可被翻译为“合同”。
6. TortTort是指民事法上的侵权行为,包括不法行为、疏忽行为和故意行为等。
Tort是法学专业中的重要概念,对于理解民事责任和损害赔偿有重要意义。
7. ConstitutionConstitution是指国家或组织内部的基本法律文件。
Constitution通常规定了国家行政机构的职权、公民的权利和义务等内容,是国家法律体系的核心。
8. PrecedentPrecedent是指判例法中的判决和裁定,它在英美法系中具有重要意义。
Precedent是法律英语中常见的词汇,它指的是法院在之前类似案件中做出的决策,对后续案件具有指导意义。
法律英语专业词汇汇总

法律英语专业词汇汇总一、律师部分案件受理费 court acceptance fee案情重大、复杂 important and complicated case案由 cause of action案子 case包揽诉讼 monopolize lawsuits被告 defendant(用于民事、行政案件); the accused (用于刑事案件) 被上诉人 appellee被诉人 respondent; defendant本案律师 councel pro hac vice本地律师 local counsel毕业证 diploma; graduation certificate辩护词 defense; pleadings辩护律师 defense lawyer辩护要点 point of defense辩护意见 submission财产租赁 property tenancy裁定书 order; ruling; determination(指终审裁定)裁决书 award(用于仲裁)裁决书 verdict(用于陪审团)采信的证据 admitted evidence; established evidence草拟股权转让协议 drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests 查阅法条 source legal provisions产权转让 conveyancing出差 go on errand; go on a business trip出国深造 further study abroad出具律师意见书 providing legal opinion出示的证据 exhibit出庭 appear in court传票 summons; subpoena答辩状 answer; reply代理词 representation代理房地产买卖与转让 agency for sale and transfer of real estate代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记 agency for notarization, trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate and incorporations代理仲裁 agency for arbitration代写文书 drafting of legal instruments待决案件 pending case当事人陈述 statement of the parties第三人 third party吊销执业证 revocation of lawyer license调查笔录 investigative record调查取证 investigation and gathering for evidence调解 mediation调解书 mediation二审案件 case of trial of second instance发送电子邮件 send e-mail法律顾问 legal consultants法律意见书 legal opinions法律援助 legal aid法律咨询 legal counseling法庭 division; tribunal法学博士学位 LL.D (Doctor of Laws)法学会 law society法学课程 legal courses法学硕士学位 LL.M (Master of Laws)法学系 faculty of law; department of law 法学学士学位 LL.B (Bachelor of Laws)J.D ( juris doctor缩写,美国法学学士)法学院 law school法院公告 court announcement反诉状 counterclaim房地产律师 real estate lawyer; real property lawyer非合伙律师 associate lawyer非诉讼业务 non-litigation practice高级合伙人 senior partner高级律师 senior lawyer各类协议和合同 agreements and contracts公安局 Public Security Bureau公司上市 company listing公诉案件 public-prosecuting case公证书 notarial certificate国办律师事务所 state-run law office国际贸易 international trade国际诉讼 international litigation国内诉讼 domestic litigation合伙律师 partner lawyer合伙制律师事务所 law office in partner-ship; cooperating law ofice合同审查、草拟、修改 contract review, drafting and revision 会见当事人 interview a client会见犯罪嫌疑人 interview a criminal suspect兼职律师 part-time lawyer监狱 prison; jail鉴定结论 expert conclusion缴纳会费 membership dues举证责任 burden of proof; onus probandi决定书 decision勘验笔录 record of request看守所 detention house抗诉书 protest控告人 accuser; complainant跨国诉讼 transnational litigation劳动争议 labor disputes劳动争议仲裁委员会 arbitration committee for labor disputes劳改场 reform-through-labor farm; prison farm利害关系人 interested party; party in interest律管处处长 director of lawyer control department律师 lawyer attorney; attorney at law律师惩戒 lawyer discipline律师法 Lawyer Law律师费 lawyer fee律师函 lawyer's letter律师见证 lawyer attestation/authentication律师见证书 lawyer certification/authentication/witness 律师卷宗 lawyer's docile; file律师刊物 lawyer's journal律师联系电话 contact phone number of a lawyer律师事务所 law office; law firm律师收费 billing by lawyer律师网站 lawyer website律师协会 National Bar (Lawyer) Association律师协会会员 member of Lawyer Association律师协会秘书长 secretary general of Bar (Lawyer) Association 律师协会章程 Articles of Lawyer Assocition律师业务室 lawyer's office律师执业证 lawyer license律师助理 assistant lawyer律师资格考试 bar exam; lawyer qualification exam律师资格证 lawyer qualification certificate民事案件 civil case民事调解 civil mediation民事诉讼 civil litigation派出所 local police station; police substation判决 judgement(用于民事、行政案件);determination(用于终审);sentence(用于刑事案);verdict(由陪审团作出)旁证 circumstantial evidence企业章程 articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw 企业重组 corporate restructure起诉状 information; indictment取消律师资格 disbar全国律师代表大会 National Lawyer Congress缺席宣判 pronounce judgement or determination by default人民法院 People's Court人民检察院 People's Procuratorate认定事实 determine facts上诉案件 case of trial of second instance; appellate case上诉人 appellant上诉状 petition for appeal涉外律师 lawyers specially handling foreign-related matters申请复议 administrative reconsideration petition申请加入律师协会 application for admission to Law Association 申请人 petitioner; claimant申诉案件 appeal case申诉人(仲裁) claimant; plaintiff申诉书 appeal for revision, petition for revision实习律师 apprentice lawyer; lawyer in probation period实习律师证 certificate of apprentice lawyer视听证据 audio-visual reference material适用法律 apply law to facts受害人 victim书证 documentary evidence司法部 Ministry of Justice司法建议书 judicial advise司法局 Judicial Bureau司法局副局长 deputy director of Judicial Bureau司法局局长 director of Judicial Bureau司法统一考试 uniform judicial exam送达 service of process诉讼 litigation; action; lawsuit诉讼当事人 litigation party; litigious party诉讼业务 litigation practice诉状 complaint; bill of complaint; statement of claim 推销法律服务 promote/market legal service外国律师事务所 foreign law office委托代理合同 authorized representation contract委托代理人 agent ad litem; entrusted agent委托授权书 power of attorney物证 material evidence嫌疑人 criminal suspect项目融资 project financing项目谈判 project negotiating刑事案件 criminal case刑事诉讼 criminal litigation行政诉讼 administrative litigation休庭 adjourn the court; recess宣判 pronounce judgement; determination宣誓书 affidavit业务进修 attendance in advanced studies一审案件 case of trial of first instance与国外律师事务所交流 communicate with foreign law firms原告 plaintiff证券律师 securities lawyer证人证言 testimony of witness; affidavit执行笔录 execution record执业登记 registration for practice执业范围 scope of practice; sphere of practice; practice area 执业申请 practice application执业证年检 annual inspection of lawyer license仲裁 arbitration仲裁案件 arbitration case仲裁机构 arbitration agency专门律师 specialized lawyer专职律师 professional lawyer; full-time lawyer 撰写法律文章 write legal thesis资信调查 credit standing investigation自诉案件 private prosecuting case二、诉讼法律案件 case案件发回 remand/rimit a case (to a low court) 案件名称 title of a case案卷材料 materials in the case案情陈述书 statement of case案外人 person other than involved in the case 案值 total value involved in the case败诉方 losing party办案人员 personnel handling a case保全措施申请书 application for protective measures 报案 report a case (to security authorities)被告 defendant; the accused被告人最后陈述 final statement of the accused被告向原告第二次答辩 rejoinder被害人 victim被害人的诉讼代理人 victim's agent ad litem被上诉人 respondent; the appellee被申请人 respondent被申请执行人 party against whom execution is filed 被执行人 person subject to enforcement本诉 principal action必要共同诉讼人 party in necessary co-litigation变通管辖 jurisdiction by accord辩护 defense辩护律师 defense attorney/lawyer辩护人 defender辩护证据 exculpatory evidence; defense evidence辩论阶段 stage of court debate驳回反诉 dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim驳回请求 deny/dismiss a motion驳回上诉、维持原判 reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgement/ruling驳回诉讼 dismiss an action/suit驳回通知书 notice of dismissal驳回自诉 dismiss/reject a private prosecution驳回自诉裁定书 ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case补充答辩 supplementary answer补充判决 supplementary judgement补充侦查 supplementary investigation不公开审理 trial in camera不立案决定书 written decision of no case-filing不批准逮捕决定书 written decision of disapproving an arrest不起诉 nol pros不予受理起诉通知书 notice of dismissal of accusation by the court 财产保全申请书 application for attachment; application for property preservation裁定 order; determination (指最终裁定)裁定管辖 jurisdiction by order裁定书 order; ruling裁决书 award采信的证据 admitted evidence查封 seal up撤回上诉 withdraw appeal撤诉 withdraw a lawsuit撤销立案 revoke a case placed on file撤销原判,发回重审 rescind the original judgement and remand the case ro the original court for retrial出示的证据 exhibit除权判决 invalidating judgement (for negotiable instruments)传唤 summon; call传闻证据 hearsay答辩 answer; reply答辩陈述书 statement of defence答辩状 answer; reply大法官 associate justices; justice大检察官 deputy chief procurator代理控告 agency for accusation代理申诉 agency for appeal代理审判员 acting judge代为申请取保候审 agency for application of the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving弹劾式诉讼 accusatory procedure当事人陈述 statement of the parties当庭宣判 pronouncement of judgement or sentence in court地区管辖 territorial jurisdiction地区检察分院 inter-mediate People's Procuratorate第三人 third party调查笔录 record of investigation定期宣判 pronouncement of judgement or sentence later on a fixed date 定罪证据 incriminating evidence; inculpatory evidence冻结 freeze督促程序 procedure of supervision and urge独任庭 sole-judge bench独任仲裁员 sole arbitrator对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施 compulsory measures against impairment of civil action对席判决 judgement inter parties二审 trial of second instance二审案件 case of trial of second insurance 罚款 impose a fine法定证据 statutory legal evidence法定证据制度 system of legal evidence法官 judges法警 bailiff; court police法律文书 legal instruments/papers法律援助 legal aid法律咨询 legal consulting法庭辩论 court debate法庭调查 court investigation法庭审理笔录 court record法庭审理方式 mode of court trial法庭庭长 chief judge of a tribunal法院 court法院公告 court announcement反诉 counterclaim反诉答辩状 answer with counterclaim反诉状 counterclaim犯罪嫌疑人 criminal suspect附带民事诉讼案件 a collateral civil action附带民事诉讼被告 defendant of collateral civil action 复查 reexamination; recheck复验 reinspect高级法官 senior judge高级检察官 senior procurator高级人民法院 Higher People's Court告诉案件 case of complaint告诉才处理的案件 case accepted at complaint告诉申诉庭 complaint and petition division工读学校 work-study school for delinquent children公安部 Ministry of Public Security公安分局 public security sub-bureau公安厅 public security bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government 公开审理 trial in public公开审判制度 open trial system公示催告程序 procedure of public summons for exhortation公诉案件 public-prosecuting case公诉词 statement of public prosecution公证机关 public notary office共同管辖 concurrent jurisdiction管辖 jurisdiction国际司法协助 international judicial assistance海事法院 maritime court合议庭 collegial panel合议庭评议笔录 record of deliberating by the collegiate bench和解 composition; compromise核对诉讼当事人身份 check identity of litigious parties恢复执行 resumption of execution回避 withdrawal混合式诉讼 mixed action基层人民法院 basic People's Court羁押期限 term in custody级别管辖 subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels 监视居住 living at home under surveillance监狱 prison检察官 procurator检察权 prosecutorial power检察委员会 procuratorial/prosecutorial committee检察院 procuratorate检察院派出机构 outpost tribunal of procuratorate简易程序 summary procedure鉴定结论 expert conclusion经济审判庭 economic tribunal径行判决 direct adjudication without sessions; judgement without notice 纠问式诉讼 inquisitional proceedings拘传 summon by force; summon by warrant拘留所 detention house举报 information/report of an offence举证责任 burden of proof; onus probandi决定书 decision军事法院 military procuratorate开庭审理 open a court session开庭通知 notice of court session勘验笔录 record of inquest看守所 detention house可执行财产 executable property控告式诉讼 accusatory proceedings控诉证据 incriminating evidence控诉职能 accusation function扣押 distrain on; attachment扣押物 distress/distraint宽限期 period of grace劳动争议仲裁申请书 petition for labor dispute arbitration劳改场 reform-through-labor farm劳教所 reeducation-through-labor office类推判决的核准程序 procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence累积证据 cumulative evidence立案报告 place a case on file立案管辖 functional jurisdiction立案决定书 written decision of case-filing立案侦查 report of placing a case on file利害关系人 interested party临时裁决书 interim award律师见证书 lawyer's written attestation; lawyer's written authentication律师事务所 law office; law firm律师提前介入 prior intervention by lawyer免于刑事处分 exemption from criminal penalty民事案件 civil case民事审判庭 civil tribunal民事诉讼 civil action民事诉讼法 Civil Procedural Law扭送 seize and deliver a suspect to the police派出法庭 detached tribunal派出所 police station判决 judgement; determination判决书 judgement; determination; verdict (指陪审团作出的) 旁证 circumstantial evidence陪审员 juror批准逮捕 approval of arrest破案 clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case破产 bankruptcy; insolvency普通程序 general/ordinary procedure普通管辖 general jurisdiction企业法人破产还债程序 procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation起诉 filing of a lawsuit起诉 sue; litigate; prosecute; institution of proceedings起诉状 indictment; information区县检察院 grassroots People's Procuratorate取保候审 the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving 缺席判决 default judgement人民调解委员会 People's Mediation Committee认定财产无主案件 cases concerning determination of property as qwnerless认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity上诉 appeal上诉人 appellant上诉状 petition for appeal少管所 juvenile prison社会治安综合治理 comprehensive treatment of social security涉外案件 cases involving foreign interests涉外民事诉讼 foreign civil proceedings涉外刑事诉讼 foreign criminal proceedings申请人 applicant; petitioner申请书 petition; application for arbitration申请执行人 execution applicant申诉人宣誓书 claimant's affidavit of authenticity申诉书 appeal for revision; petition for revision神示证据制度 system of divinity evidence神示制度 ordeal system审查案件 case review审查并决定逮捕 examine and decide arrest审查起诉阶段 stage of review and prosecution审理通知书 notice of hearing审判长 presiding judge审判长宣布开庭 presiding judge announce court in session 审判管辖 adjudgement/trial jurisdiction审判监督程序 procedure for trial supervision审判委员会 judicial committee审判员 judge审问式诉讼 inquisitional proceedings生效判决裁定 legally effective judgement/order胜诉方 winning party省市自治区检察院 higher People's Procuratorate失踪和死亡宣告 declaration of disappearance and death实(质)体证据 substantial evidence实物证据 tangible evidence实在证据 real evidence示意证据 demonstrative evidence视听证据 audio-visual evidence收容所 collecting post; safe retreat首席大法官 chief justice首席检察官 chief procurator受害人的近亲属 victim's immediate family受理 acceptance受理刑事案件审批表 registration form of acceptance of criminal case 受送达人 the addressee书记员 court clerk书记员宣读法庭纪律 court clerk reads court rules书证 documentary evidence司法部 Ministry of Justice司法机关 judicial organizatons司法警察 judicial police司法局 judicial bureau司法厅 judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government司法协助 judicial assistance死缓的复核 judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve死刑复核程序 procedure for judicial review of death sentence死刑复核权 competence for judicial review of death sentence送达 service of process送达传票 service of summons/subpoena送达诉状 service of bill of complaint搜查 search诉 sue; suit; action; lawsuit诉前财产保全 property attachment prior to lawsuit诉讼 litigation; lawsuit; sue; action诉讼保全 attachment诉讼参加人 litigious participants诉讼代理人 agent ad litem诉状 complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim特别程序 special procedures提起公诉 institute a public prosecution铁路法院 railway court铁路检察院 railroad transport procuratorate庭审程序 procedure of court trial通缉 wanted for arrest投案 appearance退回补充侦查 return of a case for supplementary investigation 委托辩护 entrusted defense未成年人法庭 juvenile court无行政职务的法官 associate judge无正当理由拒不到庭 refuse to appear in court without due cause 无罪判决 acquittal, finding of " not guilty "物证 material evidence先予执行申请书 application for advanced execution先予执行 advanced execution刑事案件 criminal case刑事拘留 criminal detention刑事强制拘留 criminal coercive/compulsory measures刑事审判庭 criminal tribunal刑事诉讼 criminal proceedings刑事诉讼法 Criminal Procedural Law刑事自诉状 self-incriminating criminal complaint行政案件 administrative case行政审判庭 administrative tribunal行政诉讼 administrative proceedings行政诉讼法 Administrative Procedural Law宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件 cases concerning the declaration of disappearance and death宣判笔录 record of rendition of judgement选民资格案件 cases concerning qualifications of voters询问证人 inquire/question a witness训诫 reprimand讯问笔录 record of interrogation询问犯罪嫌疑人 interrogate criminal suspect言词证据 verbal evidence要求传唤证人申请书 application for subpoena一裁终局 arbitration award shall be final and binding一审 trial of first instance一审案件 case of trial of first instance应诉通知书 notice of respondence to action有罪判决 sentence; finding of "guilty"予审 preliminary examinantion; pretrial原告 plaintiff院长 court president阅卷笔录 record of file review (by lawyers)再审案件 case of retrial再审申请书 petition for retrial责令具结悔过 order to sign a statement of repentance债权人会议 creditors' meeting侦查阶段 investigation stage侦查终结 conclusion of investigation征询原、被告最后意见 consulting final opinion of the plaintiff and defendant证据 evidence证据保全 preserve evidence证据保全申请书 application for evidence preservation证人证言 testimony of witness; affidavit支付令 payment order/warrant知识产权庭 intellectual property tribunal执行程序 procedure execution执行逮捕 execution of arrest执行和解 conciliation of execution执行回转 recovery of execution执行庭 executive tribunal执行异议 objection to execution执行员 executor执行中止 discontinuance of execution执行终结 conclusion of execution指定辩护 appointed defense指定仲裁员声明 statement of appointing arbitrator中级人民法院 intermediate People's Court中途退庭 retreat during court session without permission 仲裁 arbitration仲裁被诉人 respondent; defendant仲裁裁决 award仲裁申请书 arbitration仲裁申诉人 claimant; plaintiff仲裁庭 arbitration tribunal仲裁委员会 arbitration committee仲裁协议 arbitration agreement; clauses of arbitration 仲裁员 arbitrator主诉检察官 principal procurator助理检察官 assistant procurator助理审判员 assistant judge专门法院 special court专门管辖 specific jurisdiction专属管辖 exclusive jurisdiction追究刑事责任 investigate for criminal responsibility 自首 confession to justice自诉案件 private-prosecuting case自行辩护 self-defense自由心证制度 doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence 自侦案件 self-investigating case最高人民法院 the Supreme People's Court最高人民检察院 the Supreme People's Procuratorate最后裁决书 final award三、民事法律法律渊源 source of law制定法 statute判例法 case law; precedent普通法 common law特别法 special law固有法 native law; indigenous law继受法 adopted law实体法 substantial law程序法 procedural law原则法 fundamental law例外法 exception law司法解释 judicial interpretation习惯法 customary law公序良俗 public order and moral自然法 natural law罗马法 Roman Law私法 private law公法 public law市民法 jus civile万民法 jus gentium民法法系 civil law system英美法系 system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系 civil law system普通法 common law大陆法 continental law罗马法系 Roman law system英吉利法 English law衡平法 equity; law of equity日尔曼法 Germantic law教会法 ecclesiastical law寺院法 canon law伊斯兰法 Islamic law民法法律规范 norm of civil law授权规范 authorization norm禁止规范 forbidding norm义务性规范 obligatory norm命令性规范 commanding norm民法基本原则 fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则 principle of equality自愿原则 principle of free will公平原则 principle of justice等价有偿原则 principle of equal value exchange 诚实信用原则 principle of good faith行为 act作为 act不作为 omission合法行为 lawful act违法行为 unlawful act民事权利权利能力 civil right绝对权 absolute right相对权 relative right优先权 right of priority先买权 preemption原权 antecedent right救济权 right of relief支配权 right of dominion请求权 right of claim物上请求权 right of claim for real thing形成权 right of formation撤销权 right of claiming cancellation否认权 right of claiming cancellation解除权 right of renouncement代位权 subrogated right选择权 right of choice承认权 right of admission终止权 right of termination抗辩权 right of defense一时性抗辩权 momentary right of defense永久性抗辩权 permanent counter-argument right不安抗辩权 unstable counter-argument right同时履行抗辩权 defense right of simultaneous performance 既得权 tested right期待权 expectant right专属权 exclusive right非专属权 non-exclusive right人身权利 personal right人权 human right人格权 right of personality生命健康权 right of life and health 姓名权 right of name名称权 right of name肖像权 right of portraiture自由权 right of freedom名誉权 right reputation隐私权 right of privacy私生活秘密权 right of privacy贞操权 virginity right身份权 right of status亲权 parental power; parental right亲属权 right of relative探视权 visitation right配偶权 right of spouse荣誉权 right of honor权利的保护 protection of right公力救济 public protection私力救济 self-protection权利本位 standard of right社会本位 standard of society无责任行为 irresponsible right正当防卫 justifiable right; ligitimate defence 防卫行为 act of defence自为行为 self-conducting act紧急避险 act of rescue; necessity自助行为 act of self-help不可抗力 force majeure意外事件 accident行为能力 capacity for act意思能力 capacity of will民事行为 civil act意思表示 declaration of intention意思表示一致 meeting of minds; consensus完全行为能力 perfect capacity for act限制行为能力 restrictive capacity for act准禁治产人 quasi-interdicted person保佐 protection自治产人 minor who is capable of administering his own capacity 无行为能力 incapacity for act禁治产人 interdicted person自然人 natural person公民 citizen住所 domicile居所 residence经常居住地 frequently dwelling place户籍 census register监护 guardianship个体工商户 individual business农村承包经营户 leaseholding rural household 合伙 partnership合伙人 partner合伙协议 partnership agreement合伙财产 property of partnership合伙债务 debt of partnership入伙 join partnership退伙 withdrawal from partnership合伙企业 partnership business establishment 个人合伙 partnership法人合伙 partnership of legal person特别合伙 special partnership普通合伙 general partnership有限合伙 limited partnership民事合伙 civil partnership隐名合伙 sleeping partnership; dormant partnership 私营企业 private enterprise; proprietorship法人 legal person企业法人 legal body of enterprise企业集团 group of enterprise关联企业 affiliate enterprise个人独资企业 individual business establishment国有独资企业 solely state-owned enterprise中外合资企业 Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise 中外合作企业 Sino-foreign contractual enterprise 社团法人 legal body of mass organization财团法人 legal body of financial group联营 joint venture法人型联营 association of legal persons合伙型联营 coordinated management in partnership协作型联营 cooperation-type coordinated management合作社 cooperative民事法律行为 civil legal act单方民事法律行为 unilateral civil legal act双方民事法律行为 bilateral civil legal act多方民事法律行为 joint act civil legal act有偿民事法律行为 civil legal act with consideration无偿民事法律行为 civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award实践性民事法律行为 practical civil legal act诺成性民事法律行为 consental civil legal act要式民事法律行为 formal civil legal act不要式民事法律行为 informal civil legal act要因民事法律行为 causative civil legal act不要因民事法律行为 noncausative civil legal act 主民事法律行为 principal civil legal act从民事法律行为 accessory civil legal act附条件民事法律行为 conditional civil legal act 附期限民事法律行为 civil legal act with term生前民事法律行为 civil legal act before death 死后民事法律行为 civil legal act after death准民事法律行为 quasi-civil legal act无效行为 ineffective act可撤销民事行为 revocable civil act违法行为 illegal act; unlawful act侵权行为 tort欺诈 fraud胁迫 duress乘人之危 taking advantage of others' precarious position以合法形式掩盖非法目的 legal form concealing illegal intention 恶意串通 malicious collaboration重大误解 gross misunderstanding显失公平 obvious unjust误传 misrepresentation代理 agency本人 principal被代理人 principal受托人 trustee代理人 agent本代理人 original agent法定代理人 statutory agent; legal agent委托代理人 agent by mandate指定代理人 designated agent复代理人 subagent再代理人 subagent转代理人 subagent代理权 right of agency授权行为 act of authorization授权委托书 power of attorney代理行为 act of agency委托代理 agency by mandate本代理 original agency复代理 subagency次代理 subagency有权代理 authorized agency表见代理 agency by estoppel; apparent agency 律师代理 agency by lawyer普通代理 general agency全权代理 general agency全权代理委托书 general power of attorney。
法律专业英语词汇

汉英法律专业词汇(法理、法制史)Jurisprudence, History of Legal Systems按照法律规定:according to law按照确定的份额分享权力:be entitled to rights in proportion to his proper share of the credit按照确定的份额分担义务:assume obligations in proportion to his proper share of the debt案例教学法:case system案例汇编:case book; case report; law report被视为:be deemed as被宣布为非法:be outlawed; be declared illegal比较法:comparative law比较法学:comparative jurisprudence比较法学派:school of comparative jurisprudence比较法制史: comparative legal history比较分析法:method of comparative analysis比较刑法:comparative penal law比较刑法学:comparative penal jurisprudence必然因果关系:positive causal relationship边缘法学:borderline jurisprudence变通办法:adaptation; accommodation补充规定:supplementary provision补救办法:remedial measures不成文法:unwritten law不动产所在地法律:law of the place where the real property is situated; lex loci rei immobilisci 不可分割的权利:impartible right不可抗力:force majuere不可侵犯性:inviolability不可让与性:inalienability不履行法律义务:non-performance of obligation不要式行为:informal act不要因的法律行为:non-causal juristic act不因实效而丧失的权利:imprescriptible right不作为:abstain from an act; act of omission部门法:department law部门规章:regulation参照:consult参照具体情况: in the light of actual conditions参照原文: consult the original亚里士多德: Aristotle柏拉图: Plato德拉古: Draco盖尤斯: Gaius西塞罗:Marcus Tullius Cicero乌尔比安 Ulpianus罗马皇帝优士丁尼一世:Justinian I乌尔比安: Ulpianus西塞罗:Marcus Tullius Cicero优士丁尼皇帝:Justinian《罗马法律汇编》:Roman Digest《民法大全》:Corpus Juris Civilis优士丁尼法典: the Codex Justinianus《优士丁尼民法大全》(《国法大全》):Corpus Juris Civilis《十二表法》: Twelve Tables拿破仑法典: The Code Napolean《日耳曼法》:Germanic law《教会法大全》Corpus Juris Canonici《汉穆拉比法典》: Code of Hammurabi《保护人权与基本自由公约》(1950) :Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, 1950 (罗)查士丁尼法典:Code Justinian; Codex Justinianus查士丁尼法规汇编: Authenticum《德国民法典》:German Civil code《大宪章》(1215) :Great Charter, 1215(英)欧洲大陆法: continental law南京条约: (1843) Treaty of Nanking, 1843罗马-日耳曼法系: Roman-Germanic family罗马私法: Jus Privatum罗马法学派: school of Romanists家庭法: family law教会法:canon law罗马法理学: jurisprudential教会法学家 decretalists罗马法:Roman Law; Jus Romanum罗马法系: Roman-Law System(古罗马的)元老院: the Senate超出法律范围的:outside of law超出法律权限的:extralegal超过权限: exceed authority; beyond jurisdiction成文法: written law冲突法: conflict of laws; rules of conflict冲突规则: conflict rule; rule of conflict除(本法)另有规定外: except for otherwise stipulated (by this law)除外条款: provisory clause除外责任条款: exclusion clause触犯公共利益: encroach on the public interests触犯国际利益:go against the state’s interests触犯人民利益: encroach on the interests of the people; go aga inst the people’s interests传统法律观念: traditional ideas of law纯粹法学: pure theory of law次要法规: by law次要规则: secondary rule从宽解释原则: doctrine of liberal construction从权利: accessory right达到法定年龄: come of age大法: the fundamental law大法官:Lord High Chancellor大陪审团 grand jury大法官法院:Court of Chancery大陆法系:Continental Legal System大律师:barrister《大明律》:Criminal Law of the Ming Dynasty (中)《大清律例》:the Criminal Laws of the Qing Dynasty (中) 单行法规:specific regulations单一法律体系:unitary legal system单一制政府:unitary government但书:proviso当代法学动向:current trend of jurisprudence当然解释: natural interpretation党纪国法:party discipline and the law of the country道德规范:norm of morality道德义务: moral obligation第二读:second reading第三读: third reading二元论:the dualistic theory二元君主立宪制: dual constitutional monarchy system二元论: the dualistic theory二元论者:dualist二元制: bicameral system法的本质: the nature of law法的变化:changes of law法的定义:definition of law法的发展:development of law法的分类: divisions of law法律概念: legal concept法的概念: concepts of law法的规范作用:normalized usage of law法的继承:succession of law法律的理想:ideal of law法律的权威: authority of law法律的失效:lapse of law法律的实施:administration of law; law enforcement法律的适用:application of law法律的统一: unification of law法律的推定: presumption of law法律的推理: analogy of law法律的完整性: integrity of law法律的效力范围:force’s scale of law法律的效力形式:force’s form of law法律的修改:alteration of law法律的演进: evolutin of law法律的原理: principle of law法律地位平等:equal in legal status法律对人的效力:personal act of law编纂法律方法: legal methodology法律分类: classification of law法律赋予权力: authority conferred by law法律改革: law reform法律根据: legal basis法律工作者: legal professional法律关系:legal relation法律关系的运行: process of legal relation法律关系客体: object of legal relation法律关系主体: subject of legal relation法律规定:provisions of law法律规范: norm of law法律规范的逻辑结构: logical structure of legal rule 法律规则体系: system of legal rules法律含义: intendment of law法律另有规定:otherwise stipulated by law法律现象:legal phenomenon法律研究:legal research法律要件: legal requirement法律依据: legal basis法律意见: legal advice法律意见书:legal opinion法律意识: law-consciousness法律意义: legal sense法律用语: legal language法律与正义先验论: a prior theory of law and justice 法律渊源: source of law法律原本注释: gloss法律原理: legal doctrines法律原则: principle of legality法律援助:legal aid法律约束: legal binding; legal restraint法律责任: legal responsibility法律责任的道义基础: moral basic of legal obligation法律责任的归结: imputaton of legal responsibility法律责任的认定: determination of legal responsibility法律责任的执行: enforcement of legal responsibility法律责任客体: object of legal responsibility法律责任主体: subject of legal responsibility法律哲学:philosophy of law; philosophie du droit (法);philosophia juris 法律政策: policy of the law法律职业道德: legal ethics法律指导: legal counsel法律制裁: legal sanction法律制度: regime of law; legal system法律秩序: legal order法律主体资格: capacity as a subject of law法律主张: proposition of law法律属地原则: territoriality of laws法律著述: legal literature法律专家: legal expert法律专业: legal profession法律专著和教科书: legal treatise and textbook法律咨询: legal advice法律尊严:legal sanctity法盲: legal illiterates法权: right法社会学: sociology of law法系: legal system法协会: law society法学: jurisprudence法学士: bachelor of law法学博士: doctor of jurisprudence法学导论: leading principles of law法学的范畴体系: the system of categories of jurisprudence法学的范畴意识: the consciousness of category of jurisprudence法学的基石范畴: fundamental categories of jurisprudence法学方法: method of jurisprudence法学方法论: methodology of jurisprudence法学院: faculty of law; law school法学会: law society法学教科书:law textbooks法学理论: theory of law; legal theory法学权威: an academic authority in law法学体系: system of jurisprudence法学通论: first principles of law法医: forensic medicine法医学: forensic medicine法院: court法院调查: judicial investigation法院管辖权: competence of court法院管辖以外的: extrajudicial法院判决: court decision法院系统: court structure法院组织法: judicature act法则: articles法哲学: philosophy of law法制:legal institution法制传统: tradition of law system法制的精神: spirit of legality法制的尊严: dignity of the legal system法制观念: legal concept法制观念淡薄: very weak in the understanding of law法制教育: legal education; education of legal system法制史: legal history; history of legal system法治: rule of law法治的机制: the mechanism of rule of law法治的要素: the element of rule of law非实质的: immaterial非营利的: non-profit非约束性条款: permissive provision废止法律: annulment of law分别管辖权: separate jurisdiction分别财产制: separation of property regime分别规定: separate provision分担责任: share the responsibility分工负责,互相配合,互相制约: divide responsibility for their own work; coordinate their efforts and check each other分工负责制: division of labor responsibility system分级管理: different levels holding different responsibilities分配制度: distribution system分析法理学: analytical jurisprudence否决权: power veto; veto power否认事实: denial of facts服从法律: amenable to law; subject to the law服从判决: accept a judgment符合程序: be in order符合法律: be in conformity with law符合原则: be in conformity with the principle概括裁定: general verdict概括继承: general succession干扰司法公正: interference with course of justice刚性条款: entrenched clause岗位责任制: post responsibility system高度集中: highly centralize高度民主: high level of democracy高度自治权: high degree of autonomy搁置: set aside; abeyance格式条款: clause of style公认的行为准则: established standard of conduct规避法律: in fraud of law规避义务: evade obligations规范的法律规则: normative rule of law规范法学: normative jurisprudence规范性法律文件: normalizative document of law规范性法律文件的规范化: normalization of normative legal document 过错方: tort-feasor; wrongdoer过错推定原则: doctrine of presumption过错责任: liability for wrongs; tort liability合并条款: consolidation of provisions合法的个人财产: legal personal property合法地位: legal status合法权益: the lawful rights and interests合法行为: lawful acts; legality of purpose合宪性: constitutionality衡平法: equity衡平法规则: rule of equity衡平法学: equity jurisprudence衡平法院: Court of Chancery (美);Court of Equity (英)后法取代前法: A later statute takes away the effect of a prior one. 后法优于前法: lex posterior derogat priori户籍所在地:the place where his residence is registered互为因果: reciprocal causation基本法: fundamental law基本法律规范: basic norm of law基本方针: basic policies基本权利和义务: basic rights and duties基本司法概念和假设: basic legal conception and assumption技术性法规: technical legal rule建立法律关系:create legal relations解释法律的技术规则: technical rule of interpretation解释权: power of interpretation近因: immediate cause禁治产人: imbecile; interdicted person经常居住地:habitual residence经法律确认的: ascertained by law经法律许可: authorized by law经验法学: scholastic theories of law纠问式审判: trial by inspection or examination 具有法律约束力的文件: legally binding instrument 具有同等效力的: with equal authenticity具有约束力的判例: binding precedent绝对衡平法: absolute equity君主立宪制度: constitutional monarchy开罗会议: Cairo Conference凯恩斯主义: keynesianism可撤销的法律行为: revocable juristic act可让与性: alienability可用法律强制执行的: enforceable at law可预见的: foreseeable可直接适用的法律: directly applicable law可追溯的: retrospective客观条件: objective condition客观因素: objective factor客体: object扩充解释: amplified interpretation理论法理学派: theoretical jurisprudence school 理性决定说: theory of rational decision理性认识: conceptual knowledge历史法学: historical jurisprudence历史法学派: historical school of law历史解释: historical interpretation立法机构:legislative body立法权: law-making power; legislative power立法委任权: legislation mandate立法效力: legislative effect立法议案 bills立法者: law-maker; legislator立宪: constitutionalism利益冲突: conflict of interests利害关系人:interested person连带法律关系: joint legal relations连带责任: joint and several obligation论理解释: logical interpretation逻辑解释: logical interpretation马克思主义法律理论: Marxism-leninism马克思主义法学:Marxist jurisprudence马克思主义法学家: Marxist jurist没有事实根据的: unsubstantial美国国际法协会: American Institute of International Law美国海事法庭: Admiralty Courts of the U.S.A.美国联邦地区法院: United States district courts美国联邦法官: federal judge没有法律依据的: lawless没有判决先例的案件: case of first impression民法典: civil code民法法系:Civil-Law System民法通则: General Principles of the Civil Law民法学: science of civil law民事案件中“占有优势证据”的原则:“by a preponderance of evidence” in civil cases 民事权利能力:the capacity for civil rights民事权益:civil rights and interests民事诉讼法学: Civil Procedure Law民事制裁: civil punishment; civil sanction民政部门:the civil affairs department明代法规: laws and regulations of Ming Dynasty明示或默示的: express or implied默示表达: communication by implication内部规章: internal regulations纳妾制: concubinage拟制理论: fiction theory拟制买卖: mancipatio偶然权利: contingent right偶然因果关系: fortuitous causal relationship偶然因素: accidentalia偶因: accidental cause排他的权利: right to exclude all others派生的权利: derived right派生取得: derivative acquisition判例法系: Case Law System普通法法系: Common-Law System判例法系: Case Law System判例汇编: reports; reports of judgments普通法: common law普通法法系: Common-Law System普通法上的补偿: common-law remedy普通法上的过失: common-law negligence普通法上的留置权: common-law lien普通法学: general jurisprudence强制办法: coercive method强制规定: mandatory provisions强制性法规: mandatory rule of law强制性条款: mandatory term侵犯财产权: property torts侵权行为法: tort law侵权责任: tortious liability清理法规: check up laws and regulations区域性法律体系: regional system of laws取证: obtain evidence确权之诉: affirmative petitory action; cause for ownership affirmation 确认之诉: action for confirmation; actio confessoria权威解释: authentic interpretation人法: human law, statute personalia人格减等: capitis deminutio人身不可侵犯: inviolability of the person人身非财产关系: personal non-property relations人身关系: personal relation任意解释: arbitrary interpretation柔性宪法: flexible constitution三权分立: separation of powers善意推定: presumption of good faith商法: commercial law商法典: code of commerce社会法学:sociological jurisprudence社会关系: social relations社会规范: social regulation社会连带主义法学: social solidarism jurisprudence社会契约论: theory of social contract社会团体:social organization社会主义法学: socialist jurisprudence社会主义法制: socialist legal system; socialist rule of law神法: divine law神权说: theory of divine right审查制度: censorship; inspection system审计监督: supervise through auditing审计监督权: power to supervise through auditing生效条款: operative clause失效法律: expired laws失效日: expiry date施行细则: implementary provisions实证主义法学派: the positivist school实体法: material law; substantial law实体法上的抗辩: substantial defense实体权利: substantive right实用主义法学: judicial pragmaticism实在法: positive law实在法学: positive jurisprudence实在法学派: positivist实在主义法学: positivist jurisprudence实证法学: positive jurisprudence实质条款: material stipulation实质性的瑕疵: defect of substance实质性解释: material interpretation事实的推定: presumption of fact事业单位:institution适用法律: reference to the law; applicable law适用范围: area of application; sphere of application适用中国法律:be governed by the law of PRC (The law of PRC shall apply to) 溯及既往原则: doctrine of retroactivity溯及力: retrospect; retrospective effect损害赔偿: damages梭伦: Solon弹性宪法: elastic constitution特别程序: special procedure特别但书: special proviso特别法: special law特殊主体: special subject提案:motion; overture; proposal提出抗辩: raise a plea; raise a plead条约法: law of treaties同态复仇: retaliation推定合法:presumption of legality停止生效:cease to have effect外国法: foreign law外国法制史: foreign legal history外国人待遇: foreigner treatment完全民事权利能力:full capacity for civil conduct完全丧失行为能力的人: person entirely incapable of legal transaction完全无行为能力: absolute disability万民法: jus gentium违法构成要件: essential condition of delict违宪: violation of constitution无国籍人:stateless persons无条件解释: unconditional interpretation无效的法律: void law无效法律行为: void act; act without legal effect物权: property习惯法:custom law细则: detailed rules and regulations; details by-laws狭义解释: narrow definition下文另有规定者除外: except as hereinafter provided先决条件:precedent condition; prerequisite现实主义法学: realism jurisprudence现行法律: current law; existing law限制解释: restrictive interpretation无国籍人:stateless persons无条件解释: unconditional interpretation无效的法律: void law无效法律行为:void act; act without legal effect物权: property习惯法:custom law细则: detailed rules and regulations; details by-laws狭义解释: narrow definition下文另有规定者除外: except as hereinafter provided先决条件: precedent condition; prerequisite现实主义法学: realism jurisprudence现行法律: current law; existing law限制解释: restrictive interpretation相对主义法学: relativist jurisprudence新分析法学: new analytical jurisprudence新律: New Law , Novellae行为规范: code of conduct学说编纂:the Pandekta形式主义法学: formalist jurisprudence严格解释: strict interpretation严重不法行为: aggravated misconduct; gross misbehavior严重违法: break the law on a serious scale要件: important condition; essential condition一般客体: general object一般权利能力: general legal capacity一般主体: general subject一事不再理的保证: guarantee against double jeorpardy依法办案: handle cases according to law依法独立行使职权: independent exercise of powers within the framework of the law 依照法律的规定: as prescribed by law以法律为准绳: take law as the criterion依法治国: genuine rule of law; running the country according to law义务性规范: obligatory rule义务主体: subject of duty英美法系: Anglo-American Legal System永恒法: eternal law有法必依: ensure that laws are observed有法律约束力: legally binding有条件解释: conditional interpretation有效期间: time of effect; term of validity与法律规定不符: against the forms of the statute与法律相抵触的行为:act going against the law域外效力: extraterritorial effect援引法律条文: invoke a legal provision约束力: binding; binding effect在法律的范围内: within the law暂行条例:interim regulations; provisional regulation整体法学: integrative jurisprudence正当权益: justified rights; legitimate interests正式解释: official interpretation正式渊源: formal source政法学院: institute of political science and law知法犯法: deliberately break the law执法必严:ensure that law’s enforcement be strict执法人员: law enforcement officials执行权: enforcement power直接故意 actual intent; direct intent直接后果:immediate consequence直接客体: direct object直接主体: direct subject制定法: statute治外法权: extraterritoriality; extraterritorial jurisdiction中端时效: interrupt the running of the statute of limitation中国大陆的法律:law of China’s mainland中国法制: Chinese legal system中国法制史: Chinese legal history中国特色的社会主义法制: socialist legal system with Chinese character中华法系: Chinese legal system《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》:the Basic law of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China主要法律体系:principal legal system自然法: natural law自然法学派: natural law school组成合议庭开庭审理:form a collegial panel to conduct the trial最高国家权力机关: highest organ of state power最高人民法院的解释:interpretation of supreme people’s court遵循先例原则:The Doctrine of Stare作为或不作为: act or omission宪法学行政法学Constitution and Administrative Laws制宪权:constituent power宪法的解释: interpretation of constitution宪法修正案: constitution amendment宪法学: constitutional jurisprudence成文宪法written constitution不成文宪法unwritten constitution符合宪法: constitutionality符合宪法的法律 constitutional law刚性宪法: rigid constitution马伯里诉麦迪逊案: Marbury vs. Madison抽象行政行为: abstract administrative act非法活动: unlawful activities非法利益: unlawful interests非法手段: illegal means非强制性行政行为: non-coercive form of administrative action非正式的:informal; irregular非政府机关: non-governmental organization非主要条件: non-essential stipulation非专业的: non-professional国家赔偿案件: case of state compensation国家赔偿的归责原则: principle of culpability for state compensation国家赔偿的双重过错原则: principle of dual faults for state compensation国家赔偿法: state compensation law国家赔偿主体: subject of state compensation行政法: administrative law; executive law行政法规: administrative laws and regulations行政法学: administrative jurisprudence行政解释: administrative interpretation行政救济: administrative remedy治安管理: security administration治安条例: security regulations高级人民检察院:Higher People’s Procu ratortate国家权力机关: state authority国际审判机关: state judicial organs国家行政机关: state administrative organs国家意志:state’s will国家职能: function of the state国民待遇: national treatment公安部: Ministry of Public Security公安分局: public security sub-bureau公安厅: public security bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government地方各级人民代表大会:local people’s congresses at different levels地方各级人民法院:local people’s courts at different levels地方各级人民检察院:local people’s procur atorates at different levels地方各级人民政府:local people’s governments at different levels罚款: impose a fine刑法学Criminal Laws犯罪预防: crime prevention预防犯罪: anti-crime帮助当事人毁灭、伪造证据罪: crime of aiding a client to destroy or forge evidence绑架妇女儿童罪: crime of kidnapping women and children包庇、纵容黑社会性质组织罪: crime of harboring a mafia-style syndicate包庇毒品犯罪分子罪: crime of harboring drug criminals报复陷害罪:case of retaliation and frame-ups必要共同犯罪: indispensable joint crime并科原则: doctrine of cumulating punishments剥夺权利:deprival of rights不能犯: impossibility; unrealized offense参加恐怖活动组织罪: crime of taking part in an organization engaged in terrorist activities 超越管辖权: excess of jurisdiction超越职权范围:overstep one’s authority惩办和宽大相结合:combine punishment with leniency惩办少数、改造多数的原则: principle of punishing the few and reforming the many惩罚措施: punitive measure惩罚性制裁: punitive sanction惩罚与教育相结合: combination of punishment and education处以刑罚: inflict punishment处以有期徒刑: sentence to fixed-term imprisonment触犯法律: break the law; violate the law抽逃出资罪: crime of flight of capital contribution出口骗税犯罪活动: criminal activities of cheating out of tax rebates in export出售伪造发票罪: crime of selling counterfeit currency出于对法律的无知: from ignorance of law出于恶意: from malevolence从轻处罚: gie a lesser punishment从重处罚: give a severer punishment单位受贿罪: crime of bribe taken by a unit单一犯罪构成: single constitution of crime盗伐林木罪: crime of illegally chopping down trees; crime of illegally felling trees盗窃、抢夺枪支、弹药、爆炸物罪: crime of stealing or seizing guns, ammunition or explosives 盗窃犯: theft act; larcenist渎职犯罪案件:case of dereliction of duty对象不能犯: object impossibility多次作案: repeatedly commit crimes罚不当罪: punishment does not fit the crime犯意: criminal intent; mens real犯罪低龄化: lowering ages of criminal offenders犯罪动机: criminal motive犯罪构成: constitution of a crime; constitutive elements of a crime犯罪构成要件: special constitutive elements of crime犯罪故意: criminal intent; guilty intent; meas rea犯罪集团: criminal gang; criminal group犯罪客观要件: objective circumstances of a crime犯罪客体: criminal object; object of a crime犯罪实行终了: completion of a criminal act犯罪学: criminology犯罪中止: discontinuance of crime; desistance of crime犯罪主观方面要素: subjective elements of crime犯罪主体: subject of crime犯罪着手: initiate a crime犯罪组织: criminal organization贩卖毒品罪: drug offense; crime of drug trafficking防卫过当: unjustifiable self-defense防卫挑拨: instigation of defense; provocation of defense防卫限度: limit of defense防止类似事件重演: prevent the recurrence of similar incidents妨碍公务罪: crime of disrupting public service妨害公共安全罪: crime of impairing public security放弃权利: withdraw a claim; waive a right非法持、私藏枪支、弹药罪: crime of illegally holding or hiding a firearm or ammunition 非法持有毒品罪: crime of illegally holding drugs非法干涉: illegal intervention非法干预: unlawful interference非法出售增值税专用发票罪: crime of illegal selling invoice for exclusive use of VAT诽谤罪: crime of defamation隔地犯: offense of segregation by location隔时犯: offense of segregation by time工具不能犯: impossibility of instruments故意犯罪: calculated crime; intentional crime故意杀人罪: crime of intentional homicide故意伤害罪: crime of willful and malicious injury管辖:jurisdiction惯犯: habitual criminal惯例: custom and usage过失犯罪: criminal negligence; involuntary crime; negligent crime黑社会性质的犯罪集团: gangland criminal syndicate; mafia-style criminal gang缓期二年执行: with a two-year reprieve缓刑: probate cessat executio集合犯: aggregate offense; collective offense既遂犯: accomplished crime继续犯: continuous crime加重处罚: give an aggravated punishment beyond the maximum prescribed假冒他人注册商标罪: crime of counterfeiting the registered trademark of another假释: parole假想防卫: imaginative defense假想数罪: imaginatively several crimes简单共同犯罪: simple joint crime间接故意: indirect intent; indirect iintentino教唆未遂: attempt of solicitation劫持船只、汽车罪: crime of hijacking a ship or an automobile劫持航空器罪: crime of skyjacking结果犯: consequential offen结果加重犯: aggregated consequential offense结合犯: combinative crime; integrated offense se拒不执行人民法院判决、裁定罪:crime of refusing o execute judgments or orders of the People’s Court 具结悔过: make a statement of repentence具体行政行为: specific administrative act具体罪名:concrete accusation绝对不确定法定刑: absolutely indeterminate statutory punishment军人违反职责罪: crimes of soldiers violating military dutie抗税罪: offense of resisting taxes客体不能犯: object impossibility空白罪状: blank facts about a crime滥伐林木罪: crime of illegal denudation累犯: recidivist; repeat offender; cumulative offense连续犯罪: continuing crime量刑: criterion for sentencing; sentencing criterion量刑不当: criterion for sentence量刑幅度: extent for discretionary action of sentencing虐待罪: cri me of abusing member of one’s family挪用公款案: case of misappropriation of public funds偶犯: casual offender; casual offense情节加重犯: aggravated offense by circumstances情节特别严重: when the circumstances are particularly wicked情节严重、构成犯罪的: when the circumstances are so serious as to constitute a crime取保候审: post a bail and await trial with restricted liberty of moving扰乱公共场所秩序罪: crime of disturbing order at public places刑法: criminal law刑罚: penalty; punishment刑事责任能力: criminal capacity民商法学与经济法学(Civil Laws, Commercial Laws and Economic Laws)按照出资比例:in proportion to one’s respective contributions to the investment办理注销登记:cancel the registration被代理人:the principal被侵权人 the infringed本人名义:in one’s name标的:subject matter补偿制度:compensation system不动产登记制:Lot and Block System财产法: property law财产的添附: accretion of property; property accession财产抵押权: property mortgage财产继承权:the right of inheritance财产关系和人身关系:property relationships and personal relationships财产管理人: property administrator; custodian of property财产混同: confusion; hotchpot财产留置权: encumbrance采用书面形式:in writing仓单: warehouse voucher草签合同: initial a contract; sign a referendum contract; ad referendum contract长期合同: long-term contract偿付能力: solvency capability of reimbursement超越代理权:beyond the scope of one’s power of agency撤消合同:cancellation of contract撤销合同: cancel a contract; rescind a contract; avoid a contract撤销权: right of rescission; right of revocation撤销要约: revocation of offer; revoke an offer撤销遗赠: cancellation o will; revocationi of will承运人: actual fault of the carrier承运人的留置权:carrier’s lien诚信原则: principle of good faith诚实信用原则:principle honesty and credibility; principle of honestry and good faith; good faith principle ; bona fide principle船舶承租人: charterer船舶抵押权: right of mortgage with respect to a ship; mortage of the ship; ship mortgage船舶抵押权的设定: establishment of mortgage of the ship船舶抵押的消灭: extinguishments of the mortgage of the ship船舶抵押权登记: registration of ship mortgage船舶留置权: possessory lien; lien of ship村民委员会:the village committee惩罚性的损害赔偿: punitive damages乘人之危:take advantage of one’s unfavorable position处分财产: dispose of properties处分权: act of disposition处分原则: principle of disposition代理民事活动:be represented in civil activities by代理权终止:the expiration of one’s power of agency单独承担的责任: undivided responsibility单方法律行为:unilateral obligation单方行政行为: unilateral administrative act等价有偿:making compensation for equal value对等原则:principle of reciprocity对价:consideration对抗措施:counter measure对人权:right in personam; personal right对世权: real right; right in rem恶意串通:conspire maliciously恶意行为:ill will mala fides法人: judicial person; legal body法人的权利能力: legal capacity of juristic person法人的责任能力: capacity for responsibility of juristic person法人权限: corporate power法人人格: corporate personality法人身份: status of a legal person法人团体: corporation法人资格: corporate capacity法人组织章程:the articles of association of the legal person负共同连带责任: liable jointly and severally负全部责任: bear all responsibilities; in all charge负有解释的义务: accountable负有连带义务的每个债务人:each of the joint debtors附带的条件: incident附带要求: contingent claim附带原因: contributory cause; inherent cause附条件的民事法律行为:conditional civil juristic acts附条件的权利: conditional right赋予权力: entitle个体工商户:individual businesses个人合伙:individual partnership各尽所能,按劳分配: from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs 给付定金:leave a deposit with the other party工商行政管理机关:the administrative agency for industry and commerce公民基本义务: fundamental duties of citizens合同:contract合同法:contract law合同副本: copies of the contract合同规定: contract provisions/stipulations合同履行地法: lex loci contractus合同期限:contract period (or contract term)合同条款:contract terms (or contract clause)。
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谈谈法律英语中的专业词汇
疾风劲草发表于: 2007-5-24 10:19 来源: 法律英语网法律英语社区
谈谈法律英语中的专业词汇
法律英语决不是独立于普通英语之外的另一种语言,其语法规则和语句结构都与普通英语无异。
比起文学作品来,法律英语要简叨、直接得多,因而世较通浴易懂,难懂的只是那竺专业词汇。
华东政法学院长期执教法律英语的王达人教授也著文称:“法律英语作为一种载体,有其独特的地方,独特的地方集中到一点,就.是对法律词义的理解和表达。
”法律英语中不仅有不为常人所用的很生僻的专业词汇(包括一些法语和拉丁语词汇),而且很多常用词在法律中又会有其特殊的专门词义。
造成法律英语晦涩难懂的根本原因,就是没有掌握这些生僻的专业词和具有特殊词义的常用词。
那么,①专业词汇在法律英语中占有多大的比例?②通过什么样的途径来掌握专业词汇呢?
为了回答这两个问题,笔者作了一次统计.统计的对象是目前较为流行的三本法律英语教材:
1 .安徽人学,1986 年,《英语·法律分册》1 .陈忠诚,1987 年,《法律英语五十篇》
1 .陈庆柏,1994 年,《涉外经济法律英语》统计的方法是从上述三本书的正文部分选取内容相对独立的三、四页作样品。
第I 本书取的是4 一7 页上的Civil Jury at the Present Day 和Criminal Juries at the Present Day 两节,第I 本书取397 一400 页上Penalties 一章,第l 本书取319 一321 页上The Finance of Inter - national Trade 的前半部分。
我们把三个样品中的全部单词(阿拉伯数字不讨)逐个进行登记。
第一步,先把全部单词分成法律专业词汇(包括在文章里具扁特殊法律词义的昔通词汇)和非法律专业词汇西大类。
同一个词即使在同一样品中重复出现,每重现一次即登记一次,把登记下来的词逐个数出,得出这三个参考样品中两类词汇出现的次数和所占的比例,结果见表l : 表l 专业词汇和非专业词汇比较表.
第二步,为了了解专业词汇中生僻词和常用词各占的比例,我们以大学英语四级词汇表为标准,把上述三个样品中出现的全部专业词汇又分成两组:一组为未收入该词汇表中的法律专业词汇(生僻词),一组为已收入该词汇表中的法律专业词汇.
法律英语决不是独立于普通英语之外的另一种语言,其语法规则和语句结构都与普通英语无异。
比起文学作品来,法律英语要简叨、直接得多,因而世较通浴易懂,难懂的只是那竺专业词汇。
华东政法学院长期执教法律英语的王达人教授也著文称:“法律英语作为一种载体,有其独特的地方,独特的地方集中到一点,就.是对法律词义的理解和表达。
”法律英语中不仅有不为常人所用的很生僻的专业词汇(包括一些法语和拉丁语词汇),而且很多常用词在法律中又会有其特殊的专门词义。
造成法律英语晦涩难懂的根本原因,就是没有掌握这些生僻
的专业词和具有特殊词义的常用词。
那么,①专业词汇在法律英语中占有多大的比例?②通过什么样的途径来掌握专业词汇呢?为了回答这两个问题,笔者作了一次统计.统计的对象是目前较为流行的三本法律英语教材: 1 .安徽人学,1986 年,《英语·法律分册》1 .陈忠诚,1987 年,《法律英语五十篇》1 .陈庆柏,1994 年,《涉外经济法律英语》统计的方法是从上述三本书的正文部分选取内容相对独立的三、四页作样品。
第I 本书取的是4 一7 页上的Civil Jury at the Present Day 和Criminal Juries at the Present Day 两节,第I 本书取397 一400 页上Penalties 一章,第l 本书取319 一321 页上The Finance of Inter - national Trade 的前半部分。
我们把三个样品中的全部单词(阿拉伯数字不讨)逐个进行登记。
第一步,先把全部单词分成法律专业词汇(包括在文章里具扁特殊法律词义的昔通词汇)和非法律专业词汇西大类。
同一个词即使在同一样品中重复出现,每重现一次即登记一次,把登记下来的词逐个数出,得出这三个参考样品中两类词汇出现的次数和所占的比例,结果见表l : 表l 专业词汇和非专业词汇比较表瞬品I 瞬品“样品皿专业词汇数占总词数%279 29 . 0 % 238 25 . 3 % 230 28 . 5 % 非专业词汇数占总词数%684 71 .
0 % 702 74 . 7 % 577 7 1 . 5 % 总词数963 940 807 第二步,为了了解专业词汇中生僻词和常用词各占的比例,我们以大学英语四级词汇表为标准,把上述三个样品中出现的全部专业词汇又分成两组:一组为未收入该词汇表中的法律专业词汇(生僻词),一组为已收入该词汇表中的法律专业词汇
从以上两个统计表中可以看到,三个样品反映出人体一致的情况:
1 .在法律英语中,出现最多的还是非法律专业词汇(占总词数的70 %以上)。
2 .真正生僻的专业词汇较少(约占总词数的6 . 5 % 左右),而属于常用词范围的法律专业词汇却占有相当比重(占专业词汇总数的四分之三以上,总词数的五分之一左右),这些词汇或其基本词义就是法律用语,或其基本词义虽然不是法律用语,
但在法律英语中却有其专门的法律词义。
上述统计所取的样品虽然具有一定的局限性,但我们认为大致反映了法律英语中各类词汇出现频率的基本情况。
笔者曾对我国的《经济合同法》、(The Economic Contract Law of the P . R . C . )和《商标法》(Trademark Law of the P · R . C . )的英文本作过类似的统计,各类词汇所占的比例与上述三个样品中的情况也基本相似。
根据以上统计结果,笔者以为,既然法律英语咬之普通英语的难点在于法律专业试点,而四分之三以上的法律专业词汇又是属于《大学英语教学大纲》规定应该掌握的常用词,本文开头提出的第②个问题(通过什么样的途径来掌握专业词汇), 其答案应该是显而易见的:就是通过学习《大学英语》来掌握和积累那些具有法律词义的常用词汇。
我们法律专业学生学习英语的重点应放在这一部分词汇上,尤其要把重点放在基本词义和法律词义不相同的那些常用词上。
要掌握好这些词汇,一个好的方法就是在学习《大学英语》时有意识地做到以下三点:
1 .记住这些词的法律词义;
2 .掌握由它们构成的具有法律意义的词组和搭配;
3 .了解根据基本构词法由这些词派生、转化、复合而成的具有法律词义的生词。
如果我们做到了这三点,法律英语中的大部分难点将不再成为拦路虎。
当然在学完《大学英语》之后,再用一定时间系统地学习法律英语.效果会更好。
至于约占总词数6 . 5 %左右生僻的专业词汇可以及学习法律英语阶段,或以后的实践中逐渐掌握,也可以借助于专业词典得知其词义。
顺便说明一下,这次统计中,所谓生僻词只是由于它们未被’列入四级词汇表中,其实约有三分之一的“生僻词”在《大学英涪精读》一至四册的正文中早已出现,如credit , magistrate , penalty , subsequent , finance 等等。
真正生僻的法律专业词汇实际只占总词数的
4 %左右。
总之,通过《大学英语》的学习,我们不仅能从整体上提高基础英语水平,而且也能积累大量法律英语词汇,从而提高法律英语的理解及应用水平。