法律英语重点专业词汇

文档从网络中收集，已重新整理排版.word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.Unit oneUnited States Supreme Court联邦最高法院Common law legal system普通法系Civil law legal system民法体系Case law 判例法Statutory law制定法classical Roman law古罗马法private law私法binding interpretation约束力itinerant judges巡回法官English royal court英国皇家法院Enforcement强制执行Claim请求Action诉讼行为Writ法院令状writ upon the case本案令状equity law衡平法equity case law衡平判例法ex aequo et bono公平且善良specific performance特殊履行injunction禁令equitable relief衡平救济common law relief普通法救济common law damages普通法赔偿civil suit民事诉讼Jurisdictions司法辖区，行政辖区Title权利trial by jury陪审团审判judge-made law法官定法judicial precedent 司法先例stare decisis 遵循先例的原则jurisdiction 司法管辖权、司法管辖区trial court / court of the first instance 一审法院case of (the) first impression 无先例可循的案件appellate court 上诉法院Unit twoLegal Profession法律职业Multistate Bar Exam 多州可采用的（律师资格）考试federal courts联邦法院boards of directors公司的董事会Judge法官Attorney General司法部长（检察长）Chief Justice首席大法官Barristers出庭律师，大律师，诉讼律师Solicitors诉状律师，非诉律师，事务律师Attorney律师practice of law律师实务Lawyers in private practice独立开业的律师single practitioner单独开业者house Counsel专职法律顾问corporate counsel公司法律顾问The United States Department of Justice美国司法部public prosecutors公共检察官Federal prosecutors联邦检察官district attorneys地区检察官Congress of the United States美国国会Unit fourThe supreme Court最高法院Courts of Appeals上诉法院District Courts地区法院Special courts特别法院The Court of Claims索赔法院The Customs Court关税法院Three-tiered model三级审判制Trail Court,审判法院Circuit Court巡回法院Appellate Court , Court of Appeals上诉法院Supreme Court最高法院Justice大法官Judge法官justice of the peace治安法官magistrate司法官Chief Justice首席大法官Associate Justice副（助理）大法官Circuit Judge巡回法官Associate Judge副（助理）发法官Litigant诉讼人Plead his case before诉情由…之前The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit美国联邦巡回上诉法院specialized federal tribunals专门的联邦法庭capital punishment死刑writ of certiorari调案复审令on the bench担任法官期间career judiciary职业法官popular vote公众投票President总统Senate参议院gross misconduct重大失误The American Bar Association’s code of Judicial Conduct美国律师协会的法官行为准则Unit fiveArticles of Confederation 联邦条例BILL OF RIGHTS人权法案Doctrine of constitutional supremacy宪法至上原则Lifetime appointment终身任命Ballot box投票箱Impeachment弹劾misconduct or malfeasance失职或渎职Treason叛国罪Bribery受贿罪Misdemeanor轻罪House of Representatives众议院Senate参议院Legislative立法机关Executive执法机关Judicial司法机关Amendment修正案The doctrine of judicial review司法审查原则The rules and regulations 法规和规章Unit sevenCriminal Law刑法Model Penal Code标准刑法典Crime犯罪Punishment刑罚Criminal liability刑事责任Capital punishment 死刑Insanity defense精神不正常辩护Homicide杀人Self-defense正当防卫forcible felony暴力性重罪Robbery抢劫Burglary盗窃gross negligence严重过失criminal homicide有罪杀人Malice恶意deliberate intention故意Murder谋杀Death (Death penalty)死刑Prison terms extending to “life”终生监禁Prison to a special number of years一定年限的监禁Felony –murder重罪恶意谋杀Co-felons guilty of murder重罪共犯谋杀the commission of the crime实施犯罪Degrees of murder恶意杀人的等级—First degree murder一级谋杀Second degree murder二级谋杀Manslaughter非恶意杀人Voluntary manslaughter自愿性非恶意杀人，故意杀人Involuntary manslaughter非自愿性非恶意杀人，过失杀人great provocation巨大挑衅in the heat of passion激情之下criminal sanction刑事制裁conviction rate定罪率Acquittal 无罪判决“the unwritten law”不成文法“reasonable man”理智的人Unintentional killing 无意的杀人gross negligence重大过失dangerous unlawful conduct非法的危险行为Reckless homicide疏忽大意杀人罪Negligent homicide过失杀人罪fine 罚款incarceration 禁闭penitentiary 监狱Imprisonment监禁Bank robber fugitive银行抢劫逃犯the commission of a very serious crime实施严重的犯罪robbery, burglary or rape抢劫、盗窃、强奸Sentence of death判处死刑Execution执行imposition of the death penalty死刑判决Prospective jurors即任陪审员Conscientious scruples 良心顾忌Unit nineUniform Commercial Code统一商法典Consumer Protection Statutes消费者保护法律Labor Law劳工法Insurance Law保险法Offer要约acceptance,承诺considerationContract performance合同履行Contract interpretation合同解释Breach 违约Remedy补救方法Damages赔偿金Expectation damages预期赔偿金Agreed upon remedies补救协议Equitable relief衡平救济Tangible 有形的,Intangible property无形的财产Real property不动产personal property动产Treason叛国罪Tax evasion偷税罪SLander诽谤Ownership of property财产所有权Legal mechanism法律机制Fraud诈欺Primary source首要法源Secondary source次要法源Restatements of the Law法律注释汇编Stare decisis遵从先例Precedents案例preservation of the status quo保持现状“statute of frauds”欺诈条例Uniform Commercial Code统一商法典constitutional authority宪法授权American Law Institute美国法律研究所The Restatement of Contracts合同法注释汇编judicial discretion司法自由裁量权Unit tenTort Law侵权法Federal Tort claims Act联邦侵权索赔法Intentional tort故意侵权行为Negligence or negligent tort过失侵权行为Strict liability tort严格责任侵权行为Personal tort人身侵权行为Property tort财产侵权行为civil suits民事诉讼damages claims要求赔偿Plaintiff原告Compensation补偿Damages损害contingent fee赔偿金Verdict判决Conversion转换Breach of warranty违反保证诺言state immunity国家豁免heirs or next of kin继承人或近亲属Testator立遗嘱人wrongful death action非正常死亡之诉Dram - shop acts小酒店法令Battery 殴打Assault 侵犯他人身体Conversion of property 非法侵占财产False imprisonment 非法拘禁Trespass to personal and real property 侵占动产、不动产Defamation 诽谤Invasion of privacy 侵犯隐私权Products liability 产品质量责任Liability for Negligence过失侵权责任Causality，Negligent act，Injury因果关系，疏忽行为，损伤duty of care照看义务Guest statutes宾客法规Contributory negligence共同过失Comparative negligence比较过失last clear chance最后明显机会Strict Liability严格责任No fault无过错责任The doctrine of resipsa loquitur不言自明原则fault principle过错原则Medical malpractice 医生渎职insurance premium保险费Actual loss实际损失Unit twelvePublic Corporation,公有公司private Corporation私有公司Corporation sole独有公司Corporation aggregate合有公司Parent Corporation母公司subsidiary Corporation子公司brother Corporation兄弟公司Profit Corporation营利公司Nonprofit Corporation非营利公司Publicly hold Corporation公众持股公司Closely Held Corporation内部持股公司Joint Venture Corporation合资公司Shell Corporation空壳公司Individual proprietorships个体业主Partnerships合伙Corporations公司Uniform Partnership Act同意合伙条例Model Business Corporation Acts标准商务公司条例Securities Act证券法案Securities Exchange Act证券交易条例existing securities现有证券Blue Sky Laws蓝天法Federal Antitrust Laws联邦反托拉斯发Monopolization垄断separate legal entities独立的法律实体written partnership agreement书面合伙协议General partnerships一般合伙Limited partnerships限制合伙Assets, liabilities , dissolution资产，负债，解散publicly held corporations公众持股公司close corporations内部持股公司Secretary of state office州务部长the principal place of business主要营业地Unit fourteenCommercial Law商法The Uniform Commercial Code统一商法典economic welfare经济福利commerce clause商务条款complete grant of power完全的授权commerce power商务条例Modern Commerce Power Tests现代商务权利检验标准Modern Delegation of Power Doctrine 现代授权原则Executive Branch 行政部门interstate commerce 州际商务unconstitutional delegation 违宪的代表团Rulemaking制定行政法规executive agencies行政机构due process 正当程序American Law Institute美国法学会law merchant商业习惯法commercial transaction商务交易business transaction商业交易Sales 买卖Commercial Paper 商业票据Bank Deposit and Collections 银行存款和收款Letters of Credit 信用证Bulk Transfers 大宗转让Documents of Title 所有权凭证Investment Securities 投资证券Secured Transactions 担保交易。