高考英语 第十六章 虚拟语气知识精讲
高考英语语法复习-虚拟语气
虚拟语气
概述：
虽然在整个语法体系中，虚拟语气所占比重不大。
但是，它却是学生理解和掌握上的一个难点。
历年高考中，单独设题考查虚拟语气的情况并不是很多。
它的考查经常是，虚拟语气与情态动词，与陈述语气的混合考查。
题型涉及完形填空，短文改错等。
思维导图：
目的状语从句
方式状语从句
让步状语从句
原因状语从句
在if only 引导的条件句
在表示愿望的感叹句中
在“what if ….”句型中
知识点梳理：
I 基本概念：
语气：语气表达的是说话者的态度问题。
通常是通过句子中的谓语动词与一些情态动词的结合，或通过自身的变化。
英语中的3种语气：
II 虚拟语气的具体用法
1. 非真实条件句
4.定语从句
用于句型：It is (high/about) time (that) + 过去式(be动词保持was, were两种形式)
+ should do (should不可省)
It is time that you went to bed.
It’s high time that we should begin the meeting.。
高考英语专题复习：虚拟语气课件
条件从句中的谓语动词
主句中的谓语动词
had done
would/could/should/might have done
2、与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句
Jack: Rose, thank you for your company. If you didn’t keep me company, my life would be dull. Rose: If there weren’t your love, I wouldn’t know how to deal with the present situation.
5、倒装虚拟条件句 If there weren’t your love, I wouldn’t know how to deal with the present situation.
Were there not your love, I wouldn’t know how to deal with the present situation.
主句中谓语动词
would have done would do would do would do would …
1. Sorry, I am too busy now, if I__D___ time, I would certainly go
for an outing with you. A. have had B. had had
条件从句中的谓语动词
主句中的谓语动词
did/were
would/could/should/might do
3 3、与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句
Jack: Rose, if I should be alive, I would love you forever. Rose: If you were to live, we would stay together happily. Jack: If we had a chance to get married, we would enjoy our life to the fullest.
高考虚拟语气用法归纳
高考虚拟语气用法归纳咱先来说说这虚拟语气啊，对于要高考的同学们来说，那可真是个有点头疼但又特别重要的知识点。
虚拟语气这玩意儿，简单来说，就是假设一些不太真实或者没发生的情况。
比如说，“要是我当时好好学习，现在就不会这么发愁了”，这就是一种虚拟语气的表达。
咱们先瞅瞅条件状语从句中的虚拟语气。
要是与现在事实相反，从句就得用“if ＋主语＋动词过去式（be 动词用 were）”，主句呢，就得用“主语＋ would/could/should/might ＋动词原形”。
就像有个同学跟我抱怨，说：“老师，要是我现在有超能力，一下子就能记住所有单词，那英语考试就不愁啦！”这就是假设了一个现在不可能有的情况。
再说说与过去事实相反的情况。
从句得是“if ＋主语＋ had ＋过去分词”，主句就得变成“主语＋ would/could/should/might ＋ have ＋过去分词”。
我记得有一次，一个同学考完试后懊悔地说：“哎呀，要是我考试前多做几道数学题，这次就不会错那么多了！”这就是在后悔过去没做的事儿。
还有和将来事实相反的，从句可以是“if ＋主语＋ were to ＋动词原形；if ＋主语＋ should ＋动词原形”，主句依然是“主语＋would/could/should/might ＋动词原形”。
想象一下，有同学说：“要是明天世界末日，今天我就啥也不学，尽情玩！”虽然这事儿不太可能，但就是这种假设的虚拟语气。
虚拟语气在宾语从句里也有讲究。
比如说，wish 后的宾语从句，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时；与将来事实相反用 would/could ＋动词原形。
我曾经听到一个同学许愿说：“真希望我现在是个学霸，啥题都会做！”这就是典型的与现在事实相反的虚拟语气表达。
还有在主语从句中，“It is ＋形容词（或过去分词）＋that”结构中，如果形容词或过去分词表示“建议、要求、命令”等，从句的谓语动词要用“should ＋动词原形”，should 可以省略。
【高考】英语语法完全讲解虚拟语气ppt课件
常 见 的 动 词 有 ： s u g g e s t , a d v i s e , p r o p o s e , 1、wish后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。
(If the car didn't break down, we would arrive earlier. （3）would/could/might+动词原形（动作后于wish发生）。
If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. 使用虚拟条件句时要特别注意以下几点
1、wish后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。 They spoke English fluently as if they had learned English for many years.
原形的形式，should通常省略。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
It is time that the children should have lunch.
虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用
1、在as if/though“好像、似乎”引导的方式状语从句中，如果表达虚假的 事实，需要用虚拟语气，从句用一般过去时表示与现在事实的相反；用过去完 成时表示与过去事实的相反；用过去将来时表示与将来事实的相反。
If only I had seen the film!=How I wish I had seen the film!
2、用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句 中，常见的动词有：suggest, advise, propose, recommend, insist, order, demand, require, request, desire, urge等，谓语动词用should +动词 原形的形式，should通常省略。
2022届衡水中学高三英语二轮语法复习讲义：衡水新高考英语语法复习16虚拟语气(考点归纳+试题练习)
2022届衡水中学高三英语二轮语法复习讲义衡水新高考英语语法复习16虚拟语气（考点归纳+试题练习）英语中有4种语气：陈述语气、疑问语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
虚拟语气重点落在"虚拟”上。
既然是虚拟的，那就不是真的,表示的是说话人的一种主观愿望、假想或建议等等。
并不是事实，或在实际上并不能实现，或实现的可能性极小。
虚拟条件句当条件状语从句是非真实情况时，要用虚拟语气。
而这个句型，重点需要专业if引导从句和主句的谓语动词时态。
如以上表:1.条件从句与现在事实不一致,其句型为：If + 主语 + 过去时，主语 + should (could, would,或might) + 动词原形如：①If I were an internet celebrity, I would keep a low profile.【老铁请注意□】:在虚拟语气的从句中，be动词的过去式时态一律用were,不能用was.2.条件从句与过去事实不一致，其句型为：If + 主语 + had + 过去分词，主语 + should ( could, would,或might) + have +过去分词如：@If I hadn't established a Tiktok account, I wouldn,t have been an internet celebrity.3.条件从句与将来事实不一致，其句型为：If +主语+过去时/ should +动词原形/ were to +动词原形，主语+should (could, would,或might) + 动词原形如：©If you followed me, you would receive huge rewards.老铁请注意1. If条件句中绝对不可以出现would02.条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if,将主语与这些词倒装。
如：上文的①②例句可以改为：①If I were an internet celebrity, I would keep a low profile.Were I an internet celebrity, I would keep a low profile②I f I hadn't established a Tiktok account, I wouldn't havebeen an internet celebrity.Hadn't I established a Tiktok account, I wouldn't have beenan internet celebrity.但是，(3)If you followed me, you would receive hugerewards.不能改为：followed you me, you would receive huge rewards。
2023届高考英语语法：虚拟语气讲义
虚拟语气虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。
一、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中从句主句与现实事实相反一般过去式（be--were）Should/would/could/might + V原与过去事实相反Had + done Should/would/could/might +have done与将来事实相反过去式；should+V 原；were to + V原Should/would/could/might + V原1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时（虚拟语气中be→were）主句用：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。
If we had time now, we would read it again.If I were you, I would work hard.2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词；主句：would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。
If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test.If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：①一般过去时②should +动词原形③were to+动词原形；主句：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。
If it should rain, the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.例句：If there were no subjunctive mood, English ( ) much easier to learn. （B）A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been（2）省略if的虚拟语气如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if.采用倒装语序。
超实用高考英语专题复习：高考专题之虚拟语气讲义(含高清详细思维导图)
超实用高考英语专题复习：高考专题之虚拟语气讲义（含高清详细思维导图）距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附靠前30天复习方法。
一、知识结构二、知识点考点分析1.定义：英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。
虚拟语气是说话者用来表示假设，或难以实现的情况，而非客观存在的事实，所陈述的是一个条件，不一定是事实，甚至完全与事实相反。
此外如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。
虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
2.重点：注意主句和从句中动词形式的变化3.虚拟语气用法：（一）虚拟语气用于条件句①if条件句条件句可分为两类：一类是真实性条件句，该类条件句所表示的假设是可能会发生的，故不需用虚拟语气；另一类为非真实条件句，其表示的是与事实相反或者不大可能发生的情况，故需用虚拟语气。
注意：主句中的would可以用于各种人称，但是should只用于第一人称②省略if的条件句当虚拟语气条件从句中出现were/had/should时，从句中if可省略，并将were/had/should置于句首，形成部分倒装。
高考英语虚拟语气(考点清楚)
虚拟语气一、虚拟语气概述1、语气的定义：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2、语气的种类：(1)陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和感叹句中。
(2)祈使语气:表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。
(3)虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
二、虚拟语气考点纵览知识点考点考点对应典型例题剖析考点一：if条件虚拟语气考点1：与现在事实相反。
从句主句动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were）would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形典型例题 1Mary is ill today. If she _____ , she ____ absent from school.A. were not ill; wouldn’t beB. had been ill; wouldn’t have beenC. had been ill; should have beenD. hadn’t been ill; could be答案：A典型例题 2If you had enough money, what ________ ?A. will you buyB. would you buyC. would you have boughtD. will you have bought答案：B典型题 3If you asked your father, you ______________ permission.A. may getB. should have calledC. might getD. maybe get答案：C考点2：与过去事实相反。
从句主句had + 过去分词would/ should/ could/ might + have +过去分词典型例题 1---If he_____ , he ______ that food.---Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not takeB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not taken答案：B典型例题 2I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _________, she would have met my brother.A. has comeB. did comeC. cameD. had come答案：D典型例题 3If I had seen the movie, I ______________ you all about it.A. would tellB. will tellC. have toldD. would have told 答案：D考点3：与将来事实相反。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
虚拟语气【知识精讲】虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等，所表示的含义是不可能实现的愿望，与客观存在的事实相反。
现将其用法总结如下：一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法如果所表示的条件是真实的或极有可能实现，称为真实条件句，其主句和从句的谓语都用陈述语气。
●If you work hard, you will be successful one day.如果所表示的条件不能实现或实际可能性不大的情况，就采用虚拟语气。
虚拟语气根据它所表达的时间概念可分为如下三种：If 条件从句主句与现在的事实相反动词过去式（be 用were）Should/would/could/might + 动词原形与过去的事实相反Had + 过去分词Should/would/could/ might+ have +过去分词与将来的事实相反①动词过去式②were to +动词原形③should+动词原形Should/would/could/might + 动词原形●If we had driven in turn, you wouldn’t have got so tired.●If it were to snow /should snow tomorrow, we should go outing.注意1：在正式文体中，虚拟条件句中有were, had, should时, 可把if省略而把were, had, should放在主语前,用倒装结构。
如果句中没有were，had或should时，既不能省略if，也不能倒装。
●Were I to meet him tomorrow (= If I were to met him tomorrow), I should inform him about it.●Had I had the money yesterday (= If I had had the money yesterday), I would have bought the book.●Should It rain tomorrow (=If It should rain tomorrow), the sports meeting would be put off.注意2：通常情况下，在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的，但有时也可能指不同的时间，这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式,我们把这种现象称作错综时间的虚拟句●If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在, 主句指过去)。
●If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (从句指过去,主句指现在)。
●If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years, things wouldn’t be going so smoothly. (从句指过去，主句指现在)。
●If we had not got everything ready by now, we should be having a more terrible time tomorrow. (从句指现在，主句指将来)注意3：有时假设的情况并不以条件从句形式表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。
我们通常把它称作含蓄虚拟条件句。
①常用的介词有：without, but for, under, with等。
●Without your help, we could not have succeeded.●But for the heavy snow, we would have arrived here yesterday.●Under such circumstances, I would have done the same.●With better living condition, the old couple could have lived longer.②在but ,or ,otherwise引导的虚拟语气中,实际上是由一个表真实情况的句子和一个表虚拟语气的句子的混合。
●I would have lent the money to you, but I had no money yesterday.（虚拟+真实）●He was having a meeting; otherwise he would have come over to help us. （真实+虚拟）●He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have attended the party.（真实+虚拟）注意4：虚拟语气在if it were (had been) not for……句型中的使用，通常译为“要不是……”●If we were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life now. ●If It had been for your help, I would have failed again.注意5：当If条件句的谓语形式为should + 动词原形时，主句的谓语动词既可以是虚拟语气，也可以是祈使语气。
●If she should come to see you, tell her to wait for me.●If anyone should phone, please tell them I’m busy.二、“(should )+动词原形”虚拟形式在名词性从句中的用法在表示“坚持，命令，建议，主张，目的和要求”等含义的动词，名词或形容词后构成的that名词性从句都要求使用虚拟语气。
其形式为(should )+动词原形,should可以省略也可以保留。
1主语从句①It is V-ed②It is adj. that （should ）+ 动词原形③It is. n.※常见的动词有这样一个口诀：一坚持insist二命order\command三建suggest\advise\ propose 四要求demand\ask\request\require除此之外常见的还有desire\urge\recommend\intend等。
●It will be desired (suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.) that she should finish her homeworkthis afternoon.※常见的形容词有：important \natural\necessary\appropriate\essential\advisable\better\ desirable\imperative\ insistent\ preferable\strange\urgent\vital●It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that we should clean the room every day.※常见的名词有no wonder, no surprise, pity, shame等。
●It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that you should be so careless.注意: 在主语从句的②③句式中，谓语动词使用了（should ）+ 动词原形的结构，是一种虚拟语气，表达的是一种惊奇,不相信的情感。
2 宾语从句一坚持二命令三建议四要求以及desire\urge\recommend\intend等动词后接的宾语从句或者由此类动词转化而成的形容词构成的以it为形式宾语的复合宾语从句中都要使用虚拟语气。
●They proposed that all the plans should be discussed at the meeting.（动词宾语从句）●We consider it advisable that he should think twice before leaving.（it为形式宾语的复合宾语从句）注意：①suggest 不表“建议”的含义时，而译为“暗示”，其宾语从句中不需要用虚拟语气，而要改为陈述语气。
●Her pale face suggested that she was ill.（陈述句）●They suggest that we all should go back now.（虚拟语气）②insist 译为“坚持要做某事”时，要用虚拟语气：但译为“坚持某一说法或观点”就用陈述语气。
●He insisted that he was innocent.（陈述句）●He insists that we should do the work at once.（虚拟语气）3 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在一坚持二命令三建议四要求以及desire \urge\recommend\intend等动词转换的名词后出现的表语和同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。
常这样用的名词有:suggestion\proposal\advice\ recommendation \desire \ demand \requirement \order\ request等。
●His suggestion is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits. (表语从句)●He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospitably entertained. (同位语从句)三、虚拟语气在其它宾语从句中的用法1.wish后所接的宾语从句要求谓语动词用虚拟语气，其主要形式有三种：表示与现在的情况相反；wish + 主语+动词的过去式表示与过去的情况相反：wish + 主语+ had +过去分词表示与将来的情况相反：wish + 主语+ would/could/might + 动词原形●I wish I were a bird.●I wish you would come tomorrow●I wish she had taken my advice yesterday.注：在表示对过去情况的虚拟时，有时也可以用到如下的形式：“wish + 主语+ would/could + 动词原形”，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。