《考博英语阅读理解150篇详解》(家庭情感类 给孩子以关心)【圣才出品】
《考博英语阅读理解150篇详解》(家庭情感类 墨西哥族美国人家庭的生活方式)【圣才出品】
Passage8墨西哥族美国人家庭的生活方式The subject of my study is women who are initiating social change in a small region in Texas.The women are Mexican Americans who are,or were,migrant agricultural workers.There is more than one kind of innovation at work in the region,of course,but I have chosen to focus on three related patterns of family behavior.The pattern I life style represents how migrant farm workers of all nationalities lived in the past and how many continue to live.I treat this pattern as a baseline with which to compare the changes represented by pattern II and III.Families in pattern I work and travel in extended units,with the eldest male occupying the position of authority.Families are large,but none children are not unusual.And all members are economic contributors in this strategy of family migration.Families in pattern II manifest some differences in behavior while still maintaining aspects of pattern I.They continue to migrate but on a reduced scale,often modifying their schedules of migration to allow children to finish the school year.Parents in this pattern often find temporary local jobs as checkers to make up for lost farming income.Pattern II families usually have fewer children than do pattern I families.The greatest amount of change from pattern I,however,is in pattern III families, who no longer migrate at all.Both parents work full time in the area and have an average of three children.Children attend school for the entire year.In pattern III, the women in particular create new roles for themselves for which no local modelsexist.They not only work full time but may,in addition,return to school.They also assume a greater responsibility in family decisions than do women in the other patterns.Although these women are in the minority among residents of the region, they serve as role models for others,causing moderate changes to spread in their communities.Now opportunities have continued to be determined by pre-existing values. When federal jobs became available in the region,most involved working under the direction of female professionals such as teachers or nurses.Such positions were unaccepted to many men in the area because they were not accustomed to being subordinate to women.Women therefore took the jobs,at first because the income was desperately needed.But some of the women decided to stay at their jobs,after the family’s distress was over.These women enjoyed their work,its responsibility, and the companionship of fellow women workers.The steady,relatively high income allowed their families to stop migrating.And,as the benefits to these women became increasingly apparent,they and their families became even more willing to consider changes in their lives that they would not have considered before.1.Which of the following titles best reflects the main focus of the passage?A.A Survey of Three Mexican American Families at Work in TexasB.Innovative Career Women:Effects on Family UnityC.Changes in the Life styles of Migrant Mexican American FamiliesD.Farming of Family:The Unavoidable Choice for Migrant Farm Workers2.All of the following statements about pattern II children express differences EXCEPT______.A.they migrate for part of each yearB.they spend less time contributing to family incomeC.they spend more months on schoolD.their parents sometimes work at jobs other than farming3.According to the passage,which of the following is NOT true for women in pattern III families?A.They earn a reliable and comparatively high income.B.They continue to work solely to meet the urgent needs of their family.C.They enjoy the fellowship involved in working with other womenD.They serve as models of behavior for others in the region.4.The author’s attitude towards the three patterns of behavior mentioned in the passage is best described as one of______.A.great admirationB.unbiased objectivityC.dissatisfactionD.indifference【答案与解析】1.C句意为：“迁移的墨西哥族美国人家庭的生活方式变化”。
精编【考博英语】考博英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧讲义
第五部分阅读理解第一章阅读理解题型及解题技巧一、主旨大意题主旨大意题是全局性的问题，也就是说只有读完全文，了解文章的大意才能做。
因此我们建议这类问题最好在做完这篇阅读理解所有问题后再去做，因为你在做完三、四题局部性的、细节辨认性的问题后，自然会对文章大意有一定的了解。
这时再去做主题大意题，就可省去读全文。
(一)常见的表述方式·What is the main topic of the p assage?·With what topic is the p assage primarily concerned?·The central idea conveyed in the above p assage is that______．·Which of the following best sums up the p assag e?·The main idea of this p assage is______．·The p assage tells us______．·Which of the following statements best expresses／summarizes the main idea of the p assage?·What is the main idea of the p assage?·This article is mainly about______．·This p assage deals mainly with______．·What does the p assage mainly discuss?·Which of the following best states the theme of the p assage?·In this p assag e the author／writer mainly argues that______．·The purpose of the author in writing the article is to______．·What does the author intend to convey thr ough the p assage?(二)解题方法1．重要位置解题法任何一篇阅读理解文章都有一个中心思想。
《考博英语阅读理解150篇详解》(教育文化类 远程学习)【圣才出品】
Passage15远程学习Anytime,anyplace.Why the huge upsurge of interest in remote learning?The Internet revolution is part of the answer The Web now provides a formerly missing ingredient in distance education—quick and easy communication between students and instructors,and among classmates.In addition,demand for distance courses has burgeoned thanks to the evolution of the information based economy.“To stay employable,workers need to keep on learning,”says Kay Kohl,executive director of the University Continuing Education Association,an organization of more than400schools.This trend has given rise to an older pool of graduate students:Today,more than half are over age30,and nearly one quarter are over41. Distance education often is a great fit to these working adults,many of whom find it difficult to skip a child’s ballet lesson or fight rush-hour traffic to get to a university campus for class.“I had always wanted a master’s degree.But it’s hard to suspend a career and a family for it,especially when the closest school of public health is four hours away,”says Jerry Parks,assistant health director for A1bemarle Regional Health Services in eastern North Carolina.As it turns out,he didn’t have to move or commute to get his degree.After three years of coursework via teleconferencing and the Internet,Parks is finishing up a master’s from the School of Public Health at the University of North Carolina.As more people turn to distance education,a debate has flared over whether itcan be a good substitute for face-to-face instruction.Thomas Russell,author of a 1999report titled The No Significant Difference Phenomenon,which reviews more than350studies of distance learning programs,argues that the two modes of instruction are equivalent as far as student learning is concerned.R.Behrend,for one,believes that distance education is the superior choice.Behrend,45,obtained a doctoral degree in clinical psychology last spring from Walden University,a respected virtual institution.She says the discussions between student and professor,and among peers,were more rigorous than those she experienced in the two on-campus master’s programs she previously attended.“We needed to cite references for everything we said in E-mail postings,”explains Behrend.“It wasn’t like the usual chatting in the classroom”.But critics say that many of the studies cited in Russell’s book are poorly designed,and they vehemently（strongly）disagree with his point of view.“I don’t think you can get any education over the Internet,”says Dale Noble,a historian of technology at York University in Toronto.“Education requires a relationship between people because it’s a process of identity formation,validation, encouragement,emulation,and inspiration.This only happens face to face.”Even advocates acknowledge that distance education isn’t for everyone—that it takes independence,self-discipline,and a lot of motivation to succeed.Further, the quality of distance-degree programs is uneven.“A majority of universities have entered the distance-learning market rapidly and are not well prepared.”Thus, it’s important to consider an array of factors before choosing a school:accreditation,program history,cost,academic field,residency,and technology.1.When did distance education begin?A.Unknown.B.After the Internet existed.C.After the Internet came into being.D.When universities started.2.The huge upsurge of interest in remote learning is caused by the following factors except for______.A.Internet revolutionB.the evolution of information economyC.the increasing populationD.the demand for distance courses3.What is meant by“suspend”（Line1,Para.2）?A.Stop.B.Hang up.C.Suspect.D.Leave.4.Which statement disagrees with what Ms.Behrend says?A.The remote education is the best choice.B.The discussion in distance education is not as strict as on the campus.C.The discussion in distance education is not like that in the classroom.D.She got a doctoral,degree from distance education.5.What is the best title?A.Continuing Educationrmation-based EconomyC.Remote LearningD.An Interesting Debate【答案与解析】1.A文中没有提供具体时间。
考博英语阅读理解试题分类解析-考试要求、命题形式与解题技巧【圣才出品】
第一部分考试要求、命题形式与解题技巧一、考试要求阅读理解（Reading Comprehension）是博士生入学英语考试的重要组成部分，该题型一直是各院校考查的重点，为每年必考题型而且比重最大（个别院校除外），分值比重一般为30%或40%（电子科技大学达到50%）。
为了顺利通过博士生入学英语考试，考生必须高度重视阅读理解能力的训练和提高。
（一）测试要求在国家教育部颁布的《非英语专业研究生英语教学大纲》中关于“读”的能力要求为：掌握并能运用各项阅读技能（如概括中心思想，猜词悟意，预见，推理和推论等），具有语法水平上的分析能力。
能较顺利地阅读并正确理解有相当难度的一般性题材文章和其他读物，达到每分钟60-70个词，读后能够理解中心思想及内容。
计时阅读难度略低，生词不超过总词数2%的材料，速度达到每分钟100-120个词，读后能理解中心思想及主要内容。
总阅读量：精读30000个词左右，泛读80000个词左右。
原国家教委发布的《非英语专业硕士研究生英语学位课程考试大纲》（试行稿）明确指出，阅读理解的测试目的主要是考查学生通过阅读材料获取信息的能力，要求考生在快速阅读材料的同时，能够正确地理解材料的意思。
具体而言，阅读理解主要测试考生如下几方面的能力：（1）所掌握词汇量的深度和广度，准确把握某些词和词组在上下文中特定含义的能力；（2）迅速总结所读材料的中心思想和段落大意，并找出一些表露作者观点的关键句子的能力；（3）对所读材料各段落之间的逻辑意义进行判断、推理和引申的能力；（4）注意一些对理解全文或某个关键句子起着重要的作用的细节问题的能力；（5）领会作者的观点和判断作者的态度，或者从阅读材料所隐含的意思中推断出作者的观点和态度的能力。
总之，阅读理解部分不但要求掌握所读材料的主旨大意、中心思想，而且要求考生注意文中细节；不但要求对具体事实情节的理解，而且要求对其抽象含义的理解，既要理解字面意思，又要理解其深层含义，包括作者的态度、观点、意图等；既要求理解文中某句、某段的含义及全文的逻辑关系，又要求根据其含义及逻辑关系进行判断和推理；既要求考生能够运用材料中的信息去理解、分析问题，又要求考生能运用应有的常识去分析、理解问题。
《考博英语阅读理解150篇详解》(社会问题类 社会趣闻)【圣才出品】
Passage8社会趣闻That title always had grandeur to it.“Miss America.”Ah,the simple,arrogant brilliance.It suggests a prom queen who wants to become the Statue of Liberty. Now she’s75and darned if she isn’t fresh as a Hard Copy headline.When the Atlantic City pageant airs this Saturday in the U.S.on the NBC network,some ambitious young woman—one of the50000who try out each year—will realize the gossamer dream that last year enveloped Heatber Whitestone, the first deaf Miss America.But in the months leading to that night,the pageant has been slapped with unseemly controversy.A Miss Maryland runner-up charges that she was denied her state title because of vote rigging.Other state runners-up are vexed because a woman who had lost the Miss New Jersey competition four times decamped to Delaware and won the title there.And throughout America the anguished debate roils on.Should the swimsuit competition be dropped?Scandal is the coin of contemporary celebrity;it keeps the public interested. Funny how people have really cared about the pageant’s politics:in1945the naming of the first Jewish MissAmerica,Bass Myers on;in1979the dumping of Bert Parks,the show’s emcee for 25years;in1984the dethroning of Vanessa Williams,the first winner of color,after sexually provocative photos surfaced.Race,creed,age,all have clouded the show. But like the winner at the moment of coronation—brandishing a mile—wide smile as she sobs on the edge of both the runway and hysteria—the pageant proves thatpretty can be messy.It serves as a kitsch microcosm of a conflicted country.Miss America is America.This year Americans can be a part of the pageant,and not just by guessing the winner and trashing the losers.In a plebiscite,the I-can’t-believe-its-a-beauty-pageant,pageant is letting viewers decide whether the swimsuit competition will be retained.Before every commercial during the first half of the three-hour show,two phone numbers will appear—one for yes votes, one for no.The tally will be up-dated throughout the program.Normally the swimsuit competition is the first event of the evening;this year it will be the last—unless it is eliminated which it won’t be.Straw polls indicate wide support, and42of the50contestants are for it.Says Emily Orson,Miss Oregon,“The media can make you feel a lot more naked than a swimsuit.So if you can’t be comfortable competing in this,you won’t feel comfortable being Miss America.”No question that the contestants must parade as objects—not sex objects, exactly,since the bathing gear they are made to wear is about as revealing as a cassock,but surely as objects—for ogling,for censure,for pity.Lee Merewether, Miss America1955,recalls her agony in a one piece,“I was dying a thousand deaths.I’ve never had people stare at me like that,and with binoculars!“I’ll be thrilled if they can get rid of it”,says this year’s Miss Montana,Amanda Granule,“We shouldn’t have women in a veiled strip show.”Even Leonard Horn,who runs the Miss America Organization,says,“I personally cannot rationalize it.”Eager to italicize the scholarship program that gives more than$24million a year to contestants,Horn sees the swimsuit segment as a tacky relic of Miss America’s childhood.1.The Miss Maryland runner-up was denied her state title because______A.she didn’t get enough votes.B.somebody was manipulating behind the scene.C.she was charged of some criminal deeds.D.people held a controversial point of view of her.2.The first sentence of Para.3indicates the public______A.is casual about the pageant.B.shows great concern over the outstanding people.C.has nothing to do but gossip.D.is interested in scandals that produce famous persons.3.According to Para.3______A.the pageant is also a political maneuver.B.the pageant is closely connected with race.weight&age.C.pretty is not a blessing.D.the contest for Miss America can reflect the conflicts existing in American society.4.In the view of Miss Oregon,A.the swimsuit competition is much more hideous than the media.B.we have reasons to retain this competition.C.the media is sometimes less annoying than the swimsuit competition.D.the media can reveal more of oneself than the swimsuit does.5.It can be inferred from the text that the competition______A.will be banned.B.will be held every five years.C.will continue to exist.D.becomes popular.【答案与解析】1.B在第二段第三句“一位马里兰州的美国小姐参赛者指责说就是因为选票作弊，而否定她获州小姐称号。
《考博英语阅读理解150篇详解》(宗教信仰类 战胜挫折)【圣才出品】
Passage4战胜挫折The film is not without its drawbacks.Disappointment,failure,self-doubt, regrets over opportunities,missed or misused.These are always the lot of the person in motion,which is why we must never forget the natural human bond that holds us all together and puts each grief into a common store of experience.For those in motion,these grieves are the inevitable consequence of ambition, particularly in a competitive society such as ours.Many of us today are rather ambivalent about the virtues of a competitive society,particularly one that celebrates material success and celebrity status.In view of these questionable virtues,we have tried to substitute security and reassurance for the loss of self-esteem that comes from not getting an A,not getting a promotion,not getting a Mercedes or a Porsche,not getting an appearance on the Johnny Carson show.As a result I am tempted to assuage your disappointment by changing your grade,thereby brightening your life at least temporarily.Such a change,I’m afraid,might do far more harm than good in the long run. In my experience,unmerited approval carries with it the risk of seriously distorting a young person’s perception of reality:seeing the world as a far more benign place than it actually is,and seeing the self as more able,more competent,than is truly the case.This kind of distortion can be very crippling for the person in motion, giving a false picture of accomplishment that makes the inevitable jolts later onbruising and injurious.I know your B comes as a jolt.Not enough to make you break your stride,I hope.I also hope our perceptions of the course mesh well enough so that the grade seems fair to you.Most of all,I hope that what I’ve said helps you to understand the limitations of any grade as a measure of who you are and what you can do.It’s a symbol,a mark on a piece of paper.Nothing more.Years ago,our high school principal wrote,as was customary then,a short message to the graduating class for the school yearbook.She was a formidable woman:white-haired,gimlet-eyed,quiet and precise in her manner.Her message to us was:I believe the class of1994will go forward,and as they go forward, achieve.Not a bad message,I’ve always felt.Hopeful,encouraging;but qualified just enough to let us know we shouldn’t take ourselves too seriously(the“I believe”is certainly less fulsome than“I am sure”).A good way of wishing us all luck in the years to come.May you have your fair share of it as you move along.And may you find strength somewhere to endure whatever disappointments come your way symbolic and actual.1.“The natural human bond”in(Para.1)refers to______.A.drawbacksB.lotC.grievesD.ambition2.According to the author,which of the following is not the virtues of the current society?A.Material success.B.Celebrity status.C.Security and reassurance.D.Academic success.3.According to the author,changing a student’s grade from B to A ultimately ______.A.brighten his lifeB.assuages his disappointmentC.attains academic successD.distorts his outlook4.The high school principle’s message to the1994graduating class is______.A.like the principle herself,formidableplimentaryC.appropriate and encouragingD.symbolic5.The word“ambivalent”(Para.2)is closest in meaning to______.A.ambitiousB.at a lossC.criticalD.mad【答案与解析】1.C根据第一段前文中的“disappointment”、“failure”等词及后文出现的“grief”可以判断选项C正确。
《考博英语阅读理解150篇详解》(社会问题类 诸多媒体大战)【圣才出品】
Passage15诸多媒体大战The most important step in developing an effective campaign,and the step which must come before all others,is to define the objectives of the campaign with the greatest possible clarity.Does the company wish to attract new investors?Does it seek to acquire a company abroad?Is a new product to be introduced?Are new government regulations threatening the company’s profit-ability?Only after the fundamental needs of a corporation have been established can the basic objective for a corporate program be isolated,without such a clearly defined objective the campaign will have little effect.Note that we have spoken of“an objective,”not a set of objectives.One cannot create a favorable climate among the financial community,emphasize one’s concern for the environment,seek to attract new employees by the creation of a progressive image,give direct support to sales staff,and emphasize social responsibility,all in a single campaign.A scattering of diverse messages will simply confuse the reader and in the end he will absorb nothing.After the prime reason for investment in the campaign has been decided upon, the second step is to collect all the information that one wishes to convey to the selected audiences.Since there is only one objective for the campaign,one assumes that the audience has already been clearly identified during the selection of the objective.The third step involves the selection of the best possible media to be used inthe campaign.It is alarming how many advertising experts first create the campaign and then select the media.The print media are quite distinct from such media as radio and television in their advertising capabilities.Even within the print media there are critical differences in style and approach which must be noted by anyone designing an advertisement for printing in a newspaper as opposed to a magazine.Magazine advertising in turn is not one unified field,for there are many different audiences.The fourth and last step is to find a suitable creative approach.If the objective is to develop a receptive climate among the financial community,for example,it would be a mistake to work with too much illustration and too few detailed data, too many clever words and too few facts and figures.In a campaign aimed at fixing in the consciousness of the general public an image of the company is progressive and innovative to emphasize dramatic illustrations and not to take the chance of boring the audience with facts.1.According to the author,the most important step in developing an effective campaign is______.A.to create a good environmentB.to select the best possible mediaC.to define the objectivesD.to collect some information2.“print media”（Para.4）in the passage probably refers to______.A.newspaper and magazineB.radio and televisionC.newspaper and radioD.magazine and television3.It can be inferred from the second paragraph that______.A.one objective will confuse the selected audienceB.one objective will make the selected audience know what to doC.a set of objectives will help to attract new employeesD.a set of objectives will help the selected audience know more about the campaign4.What does the author imply by saying“too much illustration and too few detailed data”（Para.5）?A.emphasize the details without illustrationB.illustrate too few detailed dataC.explain nothing about the objectivesD.explain too much with no figures and facts5.This passage tells us______.A.how to develop an effective campaignB.how to establish the objectivesC.how to find a suitable creative approachD.how to create a progressive image【答案与解析】1.C从文中第一段首句“The most important step in developing an effectivecampaign…is to define the objectives of the campaign”可知，确定目标最重要。
《考博英语阅读理解150篇详解》(其他类 工作和快乐)【圣才出品】
Passage2工作和快乐Whether work should be placed among the causes of happiness or among the causes of unhappiness may perhaps be regarded as a doubtful question.There is certainly much work which is exceedingly weary and an excess of work is always very painful.I think,however,that,provided work is not excessive in amount,even the dullest work is to most people less painful than idleness.There are in work all grades,from mere relief of tedium up to the profoundest delights,according to the nature of the work and the abilities of the worker.Most of the work that most people have to do is not in itself interesting,but even such work has certain great advantages.To begin with,it fills a good many hours of the day without the need of deciding what one shall do.Most people,when they are left free to fill their own time according to their own choice,are at a loss to think of anything sufficiently pleasant to be worth doing.And whatever they decide on,they are troubled by the feeling that something else would have been pleasanter.To be able to fill leisure intelligently is the last product of civilization,and at present very few people have reached this level.Moreover the exercise of choice is in itself tiresome.Except for people with unusual initiative it is positively agreeable to be told what to do at each hour of the day,provided the orders are not too unpleasant.Most of the idle rich suffer unspeakable boredom as the price of their freedom from toil.At times they may find relief by hunting big game in Africa,or by flying round the world,but the number of such sensations is limited,especially after youth is past.Accordingly themore intelligent rich men work nearly as hard as if they were poor,while rich women for the most part keep themselves busy with innumerable trifles of which earth-shaking importance they are firmly persuaded.Work therefore is desirable,first and foremost,as a preventive of boredom,for the boredom that a man feels when he is doing necessary though uninteresting work is as nothing in comparison with the boredom that he feels when he has nothing to do with his days.With this advantage of work another is associated, namely that it makes holidays much more delicious when they come.Provided a man does not have to work so hard as to impair his vigor,he is likely to find far more zest in his free time than an idle man could possibly find.The second advantage of most paid work and of some unpaid work is that it gives chances of success and opportunities for ambition.In most work success is measured by income,and while our capitalistic society continues,this is inevitable. It is only where the best work is concerned that this measure ceases to be the natural one to apply.The desire that men feel to increase their income is quite as much a desire for success as for the extra comforts that a higher income can acquire.However dull the work may be,it becomes bearable if it is a means of building up a reputation,whether in the world at large or only in one’s own circle.1.What is the author’s opinion about work?A.Work is very tiresome,especially when too excessive.B.Work is a cause of the greatest delight of life.C.Work can at least give relief from boredom.D.Work can keep people busy as if they were poor.2.Who is the happiest person according to the author?A.A man who works moderatelyB.A man who works to the extremeC.A man who has nothing to doD.A man who has many choices3.In the author’s opinion,what is the last product of civilization?A.To work to some extentB.To make life free from workC.To make wise use of leisureD.To keep oneself busy with trifles4.As put by the author,most of the work that most people have to do is______.A.not interesting but very rewardingB.exceeding dull and always painfulC.delightful but time consumingD.not worth doing and bearable at all5.“weary”probably refers to______.A.boredB.interestingC.dullD.idle【答案与解析】1.C从第一段“even the dullest work is…less painful than idleness”可知，工作至少可以减轻人的无聊感,故选C项。
《考博英语阅读理解150篇详解》(其他类 人类学)【圣才出品】
Passage6人类学What are we?To the biologist we are members of a sub-species called Homo sapiens,which represents a division of the species known as Homo sapiens.Every species is unique and distinct;that is part of the definition of a species.But what is particularly interesting about our species?For a start,we walk upright on our legs at all times,which is an extremely unusual way of getting around for a mammal. There are also several unusual features about our head,not least of which is the very large brain it contains.A second unusual feature is our strangely flattened face with its prominent,down-turned nose.Apes and monkeys have faces that protrude forwards as a muzzle and have“squashed”noses on top of this muzzle.There are many mysteries about evolution,and the reason for our unusually shaped nose is one of them.Another mystery is our nakedness or rather apparent nakedness. Unlike the apes,we are not covered by a coat of thick hair.Human body hair is very plentiful,but it is extremely fine and short so that,for all practical purposes,we are naked.Very partly this has something to do with the second interesting feature of our body:the skin is richly covered with millions of microscopic sweat glands.The human ability to sweat is unmatched in the primate world.So much for our appearance:what about our behavior?Our forelimbs,being freed from helping us to get about,possess a very high degree of manipulative skill. Part of this skill lies in the anatomical structure of the hands,but the crucial element is,of course,the power of the brain.No matter how suitable the limbs are fordetailed manipulation,they are useless in the absence of finely tuned instructions delivered through nerve fibers.The most obvious product of our hands and brains is technology.No other animal manipulates the world in the extensive and arbitrary way that humans do.The termites are capable of constructing intricately structured mounds which create their own“air-conditioned”environment inside.But the termites cannot choose to build a cathedral instead.Humans are unique because they have the capacity to choose what they do.1.According to the author,biologists see us as______.A.exactly the same as Homo sapiensB.not quite the same as Homo sapiensC.a divided speciesD.an interesting sub-division of Homo sapiens2.What is indicated as being particularly interesting about our species?A.The fact that we walk.B.The size of our heads.C.The shape of our faces.D.The way our noses evolved.3.The author explains that other primates______.A.do not sweatB.sweat more than human beingsC.have larger sweat glands than humansD.do not sweat as much as humans4.What is most important about our hands?A.The way they are made.B.They are very free.C.Our control over them.D.Their muscular power.5.From the passage it could be concluded that human uniqueness derives from ______.A.the kind of choices people makeB.people’s need to make a choiceC.people’s ability to make a choiceD.the many choices people make【答案与解析】1.B文章第一段指出“To the biologist we are members…as Homo sapiens”，也就是说我们只是Homo sapiens的a sub-species，和Homo sapiens并不完全一样。
《考博英语阅读理解150篇详解》(宗教信仰类 日记)【圣才出品】
Passage2日记This calming down is perhaps the main reason why I keep a diary.It is incredible how the written sentence can calm and tame a man.The sentence is always something different from the man writing it.It stands before him as something alien,a sudden solid wall which cannot be leaped over.One might walk around it,but before one even arrives on the other side,there is a new wall at a sharp angle to the first,a new sentence,no less alien,no less solid or high,and likewise beckoning one to walk around it.Gradually,a labyrinth arises,in which the builder just barely knows his way.He is calmed by its tangled paths.The people closest to a writer could not stand hearing everything that has excited him.Excitement is catching,and others hopefully have their own lives, which cannot consist only of someone else’s excitement,otherwise they would suffocate.Then there are the things one cannot tell anybody,even the closest people,because one is too ashamed.It is not good if they are not articulated at all: it is not good if they pass into oblivion.The mechanisms one uses to make life easy are far too well developed.First a man says,somewhat timidly,“I really couldn’t help it”.And then,in the twinkling of an eye,the matter is forgotten.To escape this unworthiness,one ought to write the thing down,and then much later,perhaps years later,when self-complacence is dripping out of all one’s pores,when one least expects it,one is suddenly,and to one’s horror,confronted with it.“I was capable of that,I did that”.The man who truly wants to know everything will learn best from his own example.But he must not spare himself,he must treat himself as though he was someone else,not less but more harshly.The bleakness of many diaries is due to the total lace of anything to be calmed down.One can hardly believe it,but some people are satisfied with everything around them,even with a world about to collapse.Others,despite all vicissitudes, are satisfied with themselves.Thus,as we can see,calm as a function of diary is no great shakes.It is a calming of the moment,of momentary weakness,which clears the day for work, and nothing more.In the long run,a diary has the reverse effect,it does not permit one to go to sleep,it interferes with the natural process of transfiguring a past which is left to itself,it keeps one awake and mordant.1.In this analogy,the author compares sentences to______.A.the man who wrote the sentencesB.words and straight pathsC.a builder’s labyrinthD.mechanisms used to make life easy2.We can infer that one virtue of a diary is its ability to______.A.inject humility at times of great self-confidenceB.provide a fascinating maze of wordsC.record all that happens to the writerD.record the writer’s satisfaction with life3.According to the passage,the man who wants to learn______.A.will learn from his own exampleB.will do so from his diaryC.will use his diary as a source of calmD.will treat himself subjectively4.We can conclude that the author believes one’s sins______.A.must be expiatedB.need to be revealed somewhereC.need open atonementD.suffer in oblivion5.For the author,a primary effect of any diary is that it______.A.allows man to become calm and relaxedB.serves as atonement for the pastC.acts as a guide for future entriesD.ensures alertness and sensitivity to the past【答案与解析】1.C从文中第一段最后一句“Gradually,a labyrinth arises…”可以看出，作者把句子比喻为不可越过的墙，逐渐地墙变成了迷宫，C是正确答案。
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Passage2给孩子以关心The book Love and Its Place in Nature observed that without love children tend to die.And Ashley Montagu,noted British-born anthropologist,went so far as to say:The child who has not been loved is biochemically,physiologically,and psychologically very different from the one who has been loved.The former even grows differently from the latter.The Toronto Star reported on a study that reached similar conclusions.It said:“Children raised without being regularly hugged,caressed or stroked…have abnormally high levels of stress hormones.”Indeed,physical neglect during infancy“can have serious long-range effects on learning and memory.”These findings emphasize the need for the physical presence of parents. Otherwise,how can strong ties develop between parent and child?But sorry to say, even in affluent parts of the world,the tendency now is to try to supply a child’s needs apart from his or her parents.Children are sent away to school,sent away to work,sent away to summer camp,and given money and sent away to places of recreation.Thrust out of the family nucleus,circling in orbit at a distance,as it were, millions of children naturally come to feel—if only subconsciously—neglected, unwanted,and unloved,surrounded by a hostile world of grownups.Such a prevailing feeling among children may be one reason why there are so many street children.Typical is young Micha,who said:“No one wanted me anymore.”A nine-year-old boy similarly complained:“I would rather be our dog.”Child neglect is a form of mistreatment and it can lead to more sinister forms of mistreatment such as the physical mistreatment and sexual abuse of children.Regardless of the form mistreatment takes,it sends children the message that they are unloved and unwanted.According to the German newspaper Die Welt,“more and more children are growing up to be social cripples.”It adds:“Children lack the warmth of the nest.The emotional bonding between children and parents is becoming weaker,or it is never established in the first place.Such children feel neglected,and their desire for security goes unfulfilled.”Children who are denied their right to be wanted and loved may become bitter, taking out their frustrations on those who have neglected them or possibly on society as a whole.Fully a decade ago,a Canadian taskforce report signaled the need for immediate action lest a whole generation“who think society doesn’t care about them”be lost.Unloved and unwanted youngsters may be tempted to run away from home to escape their problems,only to find bigger ones in cities plagued with crime,drugs, and immorality.In fact,police have estimated that20,000runaways under16were living in one U.S.metropolitan area alone.They were described as“the products of broken homes and brutality,often inflicted by alcoholic or drug-addicted parents. They take to the streets,use their bodies for survival and then,beaten by pimps and bereft of self-esteem,live in fear of reprisal if they attempt to escape the racket.”Sad to say,despite honest efforts to change this deplorable situation,it still exists.Children growing up in the circumstances described above develop intounbalanced adults,often being unable to rear children of their own properly.Being unwanted and unloved themselves,they later produce more of their own kind.1.The main idea of the passage is that______.A.children need to be loved biochemicallyB.children tend to die without loveck of love can have serious effects on the growing-up of a childD.neglected children will grow up into unbalanced adults2.It is implied in the passage that______.A.parents can establish close ties with their children by letting them beB.children should receive education from their parents,not from schoolsC.children should not be forced to stay away from the family nucleusD.children should circle their parents in orbit at a distance3.The reason why so many children have grown up to be social cripples is that ______.A.some parents could only get warmth from other street childrenB.many children could only get warmth from other street childrenC.many children wanted to revenge their parents in this wayD.many children wanted to break the bind between them and their parents4.Children take to the streets______.A.to seek ways of survivalB.to save their self-esteemC.to attempt to escape the racketD.to escape from their miserable condition and parent abuse5.Which of the following best defines the meaning of the word“bereft”in paragraph7?A.destroyedB.deprivedC.weakenedD.threw away【答案与解析】1.C纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了孩子在无爱的环境中成长可能有的一些严重后果。