软件项目管理 复习整理

第一章

1，项目的定义is “a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result

2，项目的属性：

Has a unique purpose.

Is temporary.

Is developed using progressive elaboration. 逐步细化

Requires resources, often from various areas.

Should have a primary customer or sponsor. The project sponsor usually provides the direction and funding for the project.

Involves uncertainty.

项目的属性：项目有唯一的目的；项目是临时的，导致唯一的产品，服务和结果；项目的发展是逐步细化，要苦心经营的；项目需要不同领域的资源；

项目必须有客户和项目发起人；项目具有不确定性

3，三大限制：scope;time;cost

4，项目管理定义：

is “the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements

5，项目管理框架：利益相关者的期望和需要，9大知识领域，工具和技术，项目组合

6，利益相关者包括：

Project sponsor Project manager Project team Support staff

Customers Users Suppliers Opponents to the project

7，9大知识领域：4个核心领域（scope, time, cost, and quality)；4个促进知识领域（human resources, communication, risk, and procurement management ）

project integration management) affects and is affected by all of the other

knowledge areas

8，工具和技术有：

范围：Project charters项目章程, scope statements范围说明, and WBS

时间：Gantt charts甘特图表, network diagrams网络图, critical path analyses, critical chain scheduling

花费：Cost estimates费用估算and earned value management 挣值管理

9，定义项目成功的方法：

The project met scope, time, and cost goals

The project satisfied the customer/sponsor

The results of the project met its main objective

10，项目成功的10大因素：

Executive support User involvement Experienced project manager

Clear business objectives Minimized scope Standard software infrastructure 标准的软件基础设施

Firm basic requirements Formal methodology Reliable estimates

Other criteria, such as small milestones, proper planning, competent staff, and

ownership

11，项目管理研究所和项目管理专业人员：

The Project Management Institute (PMI) is an international professional society for project managers founded in 1969

PMI provides certification as a Project Management Professional (PMP) 12，项目管理的工具：3类

Low-end tools：Handle single or smaller projects well; cost under $200 per

user

Midrange tools: Handle multiple projects and users; cost $200-600 per user;

Project 2007 most popular

High-end tools: Also called enterprise project management software; often

licensed on a per-user basis; VPMi Enterprise Online

13，项目经理需要的技能：

项目管理本身的知识；应用领域的知识；项目环境知识；一般的管理

知识和技能；与人沟通的技能；

第二章

1，项目不能被隔离运行，Projects must operate in a broad organizational environment.

项目经理需要用系统的方法解决问题

2，系统方法包括3部分：

Systems philosophy: 系统哲学an overall model for thinking about things as

systems

Systems analysis: Problem-solving approach.

Systems management: Address business, technological, and organizational

issues with creating, maintaining, and making changes to systems 解决业务，技术和组织问题，创造，维持，并改变系统

3，组织的四种框架：

Structural frame:结构框架Focuses on roles and responsibilities, coordination,

and control

Human resources frame人力资源框架Focuses on providing harmony between needs of the organization and needs of people.

Political frame政治框架Assumes organizations are coalitions composed of

varied individuals and interest groups. Conflict and power are key issues

Symbolic frame象征性框架Focuses on symbols and meanings related to events.

Culture is importan

3球模型：业务，组织，技术

4，3种基本的组织结构

Functional: Functional managers report to the CEO

Project: Program managers report to the CEO

Matrix: Middle ground between functional and project structures; personnel