自考现代英语语法学习笔记 第四章-名词和名词短语1

名词和名词短语（2） 限定词和属格

4.1 限定词 Determiner

Determiners refer to the words which are used in the pre-modification of a noun phrase which typically precede any adj. that pre-modify the head word. A nice man. (a: determiner, nice: adjective)

2. 限定词的选择受中心词影响而形容词不受。

The choice of Determiner is determined by the head word but not that of adj. A good man. Not these good man. (should be these good men) 3. 形容词表明中心词的特征，而限定词限定中心词的意义数量。

Adj. describe the head word by showing its characteristic while determiner determine the head word by identifying or quantifying. Many Good

The useful Books. My old

4. 形容词可位于中心词后，而限定词不可。

Adj. can post-modify the head word but not Determiner. 5.形容词有比较级而限定词没有(除few, little, many much 外) 。

Adj. has comparative form but not Determiner （except few, little, many much ）. 4.1.2 Co-occurrence of Determiners

Determiner may co-occurrence in the pre-modification of a noun phrase: two or more determiner

may modify one and the same head word. Each determiner takes a fixed position , we identify their relative positions in the case of co-occurrence.

Post-Determiners are not mutually exclusive.

All the other students. (Pre + Central + Post )

All the other three students. ( Pre + Central +Post + Post )

4.1.4 Article 冠词

As a determiner, it pre-modifies a head noun, in the English Language, there are two articles: Definite article 定冠词“the ” and indefinite article 不定冠词“An ”. The Two terms indicate some of the semantic implication of the article usage.

泛指和特指 Generic reference vs. Specific reference:

Generic reference denotes class membership and it can also refer

it ’s realized by a singular countable noun that goes with an indefinite article a(n),or with definite article “the ” or a plural countable noun goes without an article. e.g. The panda is a rare animal.

Specific reference can be made either in a definite way or in an indefinite way, definite specific reference identifies the referent in question and is realized by a noun with a definite article “the ”. Indefinite specific reference points to a particular, actual example of the class, realized by a singular countable noun with “a ”.

e.g. A dog charged me yesterday when I was on my way home.

Definite article + Generic reference The panda is a rare animal.

Indefinite Article + Specific Reference

A god charge me when I was on my way home last night.

*不定冠词 A(n) Indefinite Article “A(n)”

Main function: to indicate class membership. typically used with singular countable noun, refer to a class as a whole.

1. 当专有名词或者不可数作为一种可数名词的分来来讲的话，前面可加A

He looks forward to owning a Benz. 2. 职业，工作为补语的名词需要不定冠词修饰。

John is a writer.

3. 仅可一个人担任的职业名词不需要不定冠词的修饰。

He was selected chairman of the committee. As president of the United State …