2011年职称英语卫生类阅读理解及完形填空新增文章
2011年职称英语卫生类阅读理解及完形填空新增文章
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ 虐待儿童是一个全球问题， 它会严重影响儿童的一生。 由于缺乏很多国家虐待儿童的数
据，尤其是中低收入国家的数据，目前对于儿童虐待在全球蔓延的程度，我们还未能获得可 靠的数据。 虐待儿童的研究很复杂，很困难。当前，各个国家大概的相关数据差别很大，而且使用 的研究方法不同也会得出不同的估值。但是，国际研究显示，大约有 20％的女性和 5％一 l0％的男性称自己在童年遭到性虐待，而所有儿童的 25％一 50％都称自己曾受肉体上的虐 待。除此之外，很多儿童受到情感虐待(有时又成为心理虐待)o 每年，有大约 31，000 名 15 岁以下儿童遭到谋杀，但是由于很大一部分由儿童虐待造 成的死亡被错误地归因于坠楼、 烧死或溺死， 所以这一数据不能反映出这一问题真正的严重 程度。 虐待儿童会给儿童和其家人带来持久的伤痛。 虐待会造成压力， 而压力会干扰儿童早期 的大脑发育。高度压力会损伤神经和免疫系统的发育。之后，儿童长大成人，但是他们在行 为、生理以及心理方面出现疾病的危险性大大增加。通过行为和心理上对健康的影响，虐待 又会导致心脏病、癌症、自杀以及性传播疾病等。 儿童虐待除了会造成健康问题，还会造成经济损失，包括住院费用、心理治疗费用、儿 童福利和长期的医疗费用。 人们已经明确了造成儿童被虐待的大量风险因素。 并不是所有的社会文化背景都包含这 些风险因素，但是至少提供了一个风险因素概况，可以帮助理解儿童被虐待的成因。 有一点很重要，需要强调：儿童是受害者，而且绝不应该怪他们。不过，有几大特征会 增加儿童。受虐待的可能性，这些特点包括：4 岁以下或者处于青春期、不受欢迎、不能满 足父母的期望、有特殊需求、不停哭闹或是身体有异常。 练习： 练习： 1. The difficult situation in the global estimates of the child maltreatment is due to the following factors EXCEPT according to the passage. A child maltreatment is a global problem B there is no exact data about low-and mid-income countries C there is a shortage of the professional data collectors D different scientists use different research methods 2.Which of the following statements is ture according to the passage? A 20% of women got sexually abused in their childhood. B 25—50％of all children were reported to have been physically abused。 C 25_50％of children were psychologically abused． D 60—75％of children were neglected by their parents． 3．Many homicide deaths in children under 15 are wrongly categorized into the following types EXCEPT according to the passage． A drowning in swimming B diarrhea C bums D falls 4 ． Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the bad impact caused by child maltreatment? A The child will behave badly in his memory of his childhood when he grows up．
2011年职称英语考试卫生类新增文章(完形真空)
Pandemic H1N11 2009The most active areas of pandemic influenza transmission currently are in central and eastern European countries．A high intensity of respiratory diseases activity___1____concurrent circulation of pandemic influenza still____2_____parts of southern and eastern Europe，____3____in Greece，Poland，and Ukraine．In Western Europe，influenza____4____remains active and widespread，but overall disease activity has peaked．All influenza viruses in Western Europe were pandemic H1Nl 2009，however，very small____ 5____of seasonal influenza viruses，covering less than l％of all influenzaviruses_______6______，were reported in Russia．____7____，limited available data indicate that active，high intensity transmission is occurring in Northern African countries____8____ the Mediterranean coast．In Central Asia．1imited data____9____that influenza virus circulation remains active , but transmission may have recently peaked in some places．In West Asia，Israel，Iran，and Iraq also appear ____l0____ their peak period of transmission within the past month，though ____ll____ areas continue to have some active transmission and levels of respiratory disease activity have not yet returned to baseline levels．In East Asia，influenza transmission remains active but appears tobe____12____0verall．____13____increases in ILI2 were reported in Mongolia after weeks of declining activity following a large peak of activity over one month ago．In North America，influenza transmission____14____widespread but has declined quickly in all countries．In the tropical regions of Central and South America and the Caribbean，influenza transmission remains geographically widespread but overall disease activity has been declining or remains unchanged in most parts, ____15____focal increases in respiratory disease activity in a few countries．词汇：Pandemic adj．在广大地区流行的(疾病)Transmission n．传播currently adv．时下地，当今地focal adj．焦点的，与焦点有关的intensity n．强度concurrent aaj．同时存在的，同时发生的Circulation n．流传，流通Greece n．希腊Poland n．波兰Ukraine n．乌克兰Peak 达到顶点Seasonal 季节的Occur vt．发生Mediterranean adj．地中海的，地中海附近(各国的)Israel n．以色列Iran 凡．伊朗Iraq n．伊拉克Mongolia n．蒙古国Caribbean n．加勒比海Geographically adv．地理地注释：1．H1N1：H1N1是一种病毒，是Orthomyxoviridae系列的一种病毒。
职称英语完形填空译文(卫生+新增)
职称英语完形填空译文---卫生类找到速效治疗剂可以更好控制结核病世界卫生组织估计全球有大约三分之一的人感染了导致结核病的病菌。
大多数时候，这种感染是不活跃的。
但是每年大约有八百万结核病病例，通常是在肺部。
两百万人因此丧命。
结核病发病率由于艾滋病的传播和抗药型结核病的出现而增加。
目前的治疗至少需要六个月。
患病者不得不每日服用多种抗生素药品。
许多人在稍感舒适后就停止使用药品，这么做可能导致抗药性感染。
公共卫生专家一致认为针对结核病的速效治疗剂将会更加有效果。
现在有一项研究评估这种速效治疗剂究竟效力有多大。
这项研究由美国哈佛大学国际卫生方面的教授率领。
Joshua Salomon说，疗程较短的治疗计划可能不仅仅意味着更多病人被治好，也意味着将感染传给别人的病人会更少。
研究者们设计了一个数学模型来检测两个月治疗计划的效果。
他们以东南亚目前的结核病情况来检验这个模型。
科学家们发现两个月的治疗可以防止大约20％的新病例，也可能防止大约5％因结核病引起的死亡。
这个模型表明，如果速效治疗剂可以在2012年前研发出来并大规模使用的话，减少结核病例在2012年到2030年间就可以实现。
世界卫生组织在1990年制定了DOTS计划，DOTS意指短期直接观察治疗。
卫生工作者监督结核病人每天服药，以确信他们继续治疗。
今年年初，一个国际组织同盟宣布了一项扩大DOTS的计划。
这个十年计划也旨在资助新结核药品的研究。
现在四种最常用的药品也有四十多年的历史了。
全球结核病药物开发联盟宣称它的长期目标是找到一种治疗方法，可以通过十次剂量就效果。
饮食，酒精与大约三分之一的癌症有关一位重要的研究者在星期二说，饮食是仅次于吸烟的导致癌症的原因，在发达国家饮食和酒精导致了大约三分之一癌症。
牛津大学的提姆·凯博士在癌症会议上说，科学家们正在研究特定的食物是怎样导致癌症的，但是他们知道，饮食、酒精和肥胖起了很大作用。
他说：“如果没有肥胖的人，癌症能够减少5%。
2011职称英语新增完型填空、阅读理解、全部译文
2011年综合类职称英语教材新增文章下载特别推荐：2011职称英语考试教材变化情况2011年职称英语教材四大变化解析2011年1—2月份职称英语阶段性复习重点2011年职称英语考试正版教材购习入口>>阅读理解新增文章（共3篇）第八篇The State of Marriage TodayIs there something seriously wrong with marriage today? During the past 50 years，the rate of divorce in the United States has exploded：almost 50%of marriages end in divorce now，and the evidence suggests it is going to get worse. If this trend continues，it will lead to the breakup of the family，according to a spokesperson for the National Family Association. Some futurists predict that in 100 years，the average American will marry at least four times，and extramarital affairs will be even more common than they are now.But what are the reasons for this，and is the picture really so gloomy? The answer to the first question is really quite simple：marriage is no longer the necessity it once was. The institution of marriage has been based for years partly on economic need. Women used to be economically dependent on their husbands as they usually didn’t have jobs outside the home.But with the rising number of women in well-paying jobs，this is no longer the case, so they don’t feel that they need to stay in a failing marriage.In answer to the second question，the outlook may not be as pessimistic as it seems. While the rate of divorce has risen，the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen very much，so marriage is still quite popular. In addition to this，many couples no w cohabit and don’t bother to marry. These couples are effectively married，but they do not appear in either the marriage or divorce statistics. In fact，more than 50%of first marriages survive. The statistics are deceptive because there is a higher number of divorces in second and third marriages than in first marriages.So is marriage really an outdated institution? The fact that most people still get married indicates that it isn't. And it is also true that married couples have a healthier life than single people：they suffer less from stress and its consequences，such as heart problems，and married men generally consider themselves more contented than their single counterparts. Perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage and apply it to all of our relationships!词汇：divorce n.离婚 cohabit v.同居evidence n.证据，迹象 effectively ad.实际上futurist n.未来主义者 statistics n.统计，统计资料explode v.激增，迅速扩大deceptive adj.迷惑的，骗人的predict v.预言，预料，预报 outdated adj.旧式的，过时的extramarital adj.婚外的 indicate v.表明，暗示gloomy adj.阴暗的;令人沮丧的 consequence n.结果，后果institution n.制度，习俗 contented adj.满足的，满意的outlook n.展望，前景 counterpart n.对应的人(或物)pessimistic adj.悲观的注释：National Family Association：美国国家家庭联合会练习：1.Which is true about the problem of marriage in the United States today?A)Divorce leads to the breakup of the family.B)Half of the married couples get divorced.C)American people marry more than four times.D)More and more people are getting divorced.2.What does “this is no longer the case” in paragraph two mean?A ) It is not necessary to get married any more.B) Women do not need a husband any longer.C) Women are not economically dependant any more.D) Many wives do well-paying jobs outside home now.3.Why may the outlook of marriage not be as gloomy as it appears?A) Many people still like to get married.B)The rate of divorce has actually decreased.C)Over 50%of the marriages continue to exist.D)The statistics of divorce is not quite true.4.How do people usually feel in their marriage life?A)They are much healthier.B)They feel no longer single.C)They are more satisfied.D)They suffer a lot less.5.Which of the following about marriage is NOT mentioned in the passage?A)There will be more relationships outside marriage.B)Many people try to get married again after divorce.C)Marriage has long been partly an economical need.D)It is a fact that most people choose to get married.答案与题解：1. D 从第一段里可以了解到选项A与C都是预计将来会发生的，而不是如今的情况。
2011年职称英语卫生类完型填空
完形填空题A Special ClockEvery living thing has what scientists call a biological clock that controls behavior. The biological clock (1) plants when to form flowers and when the flowers should open. It tells insects when to (2) the protective cocoon (防护卵袋) and fly away, and' it tells animals and human beings when to eat, sleep and wake.Events outside the plant and animal (3) the actions of some biological clocks. Scientists recently found, for example, that a tiny animal changes the color of its fur because of the (4) of hours of daylight. In the short (5) of winter, its fur becomes white. The fur becomes gray brown in (6) in the longer hours of daylight in summer.Inner signals control other (7) clocks. German scientists found that some kind of internal clock seems to order birds to begin their long migration (8) twice each year. Birds (9) from flying become restless when it is time for the trip, (10) they become calm again when the time of the flight has ended.Scientists say they are beginning to learn which (11) of the brain contain biological clocks. An American researcher, Martin Moorhead, said a small group of cells near the front of the brain (12) to control the timing of some of our actions. These (13) tell a person when to wake, when to (14) and when to seek food. scientists say there probably are other biological clock cells that (15) other body activities.1 A says B asks C tells D talks2 A leave B reach C escape D enter3 A adopt B affect C avoid D express4 A length B value C number D amount5 A months B days C minutes D weeks6 A shape B type C color D form7 A biological B physical C mental D portable8 A flight B operation C movement D transportation9 A prevented B derived C originated D protected10 A unless B but C therefore D if11 A ideas B parts C sorts D images12 A tries B likes C wants D seems13 A functions B places C cells D actions14 A sleep B lie C stand D walk15 A build B demand C control D reflect【参考答案】1. C2. A3. B4. C5. B6. C7. A8. A9. A 10. B11. B 12. D 13. C 14. A 15. C阅读判断题NorwichNorwich, the capital of the part of Britain known as East Anglia, has been in existence for more than two thousand years. It began as a small village beside the River Wensum. At the time of the Norman invasion in 1066 it had grown to become one of the largest towns in England.With two cathedrals and a mosque （清真寺）, Norwich has long been a popular centre for various religions. The first cathedral was built in 1095 and has recently celebrated its 900th anniversary, while Norwich itself had a year of celebration in 1994 to mark the 800th anniversary of the city receiving a Royal Charter. This allowed it to be called a city and to govern itself independently.Today, in comparison with places like London or Manchester, Norwich is quite small, with a population of around 150,000, but in the 16th century Norwich was the second largest city of England. It continued to grow for the next 300 years and got richer and richer, becoming famous for having as many churches as there are weeks in the year and as many pubs as there are days in the year.Nowadays, there are far fewer churches and pubs, but in 1964 the University of East Anglia was built in Norwich. With its fast-growing student population and its success as a modem commercial centre （Norwich is the biggest centre for insurance services outside London）, the city now has a wide choice of entertainment: theatres, cinemas, nightclubs, busy cafes, excellent restaurants, and a number of arts and leisure centres. There is also a football team, whose colors are green and yellow. The team is known as "The Canaries （金丝雀）", though nobody can be sure why.Now the city's attractions include another important development, a modern shopping centre called 'The Castle Mall'. The people of Norwich lived with a very large hole in the middle of their city for over two years, as builders dug up the main car park. Lorries moved nearly a million tons of earth so that the roof of the Mall could become a city centre park, with attractive water pools and hundreds of trees. But the local people are really pleased that the old open market remains, right in the heart of the city and next to the new development. Both areas continue to do good business, proving that Norwich has managed to mix the best of the old and the new.1 The River Wensum flows by Norwich.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2 People have lived by the River Wensum for at least 2,000 years.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3 Norwich has been a city since its first cathedral was built.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4 Norwich has always been one of the smallest English cities.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5 The number of foreign students in Norwich has been increasing since 1964A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6 The football team is called "The Canaries" because of the colors the players wear.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7 It took more than two years to build "The Castle Mall".A RightB WrongC Not mentioned。
2011年职称英语卫生类完型填空新增文章篇目
2011年职称英语卫生类新增文章篇目卫生类完形填空新增文章篇目第二篇Influenza*第七篇Exercise*第八篇Food Safety and Foodborne Illness+第十二篇Pandemic H1N11 2009第二篇InfluenzaInfluenza has been with us a long time．According___1_____ some Greek writers on medical history，the outbreak of 412 B.C．was of influenza．The same has been suggested of the sickness that swept through l the Greek army_____2_____ Syracuse in 395 B．C． Flu is a disease that moves most quickly among people____3____ in crowded conditions，hence，it is likely to attack armies．During the nineteenth century there were five widespread＿＿４＿＿ of influenza．The last of the five_____5_____ in l889 and marked the beginning of the story of influenza in our time．Like the_____6_____started in Asia．For more than forty years before that outbreak，influenza had steadily＿＿7＿＿ and was believed to be dying out.2A new group of outbreaks was introduced by the great outbreak of l889-1890 and for the next quarter of a century flu ____8____ a constant threat．In April 1918 flu broke out3 among American troops stationed in France．It quickly spread through all the armies but caused relatively____9____deaths．Four months later，____10____，a second outbreak started which proved to be a killer. It killed not only the old and already sick but also____11_____young adults．It went through4every country in the world，only a few distant islands in the South Atlantic and the Pacific remaining____12 ____．It brought the life of whole countries_____l3____，food supplies stopped and work loss was very great．Before the great outbreak ended，it___l4___ at least l5 million people．Thereafter there have been several great outbreaks throughout the world．It is thus____15_____ that influenza is a terrible infection that we have to pay more attention to.词汇：Influenza n．流行性感冒Outbreak n．爆发Syracuse n．叙拉古(意大利西西里岛东南部一海港)Widespread 普遍的，散布很广的steadily adv．稳定地quarter n．四分之一constant 妨经常发生的troop (常用复数)军队，部队station vt．驻扎’Atlantic adj"．大西洋的；n．(the Atlantic)大西洋Pacific adj．太平洋的；n．(the Pacific)太平洋Thereafter adv．此后，其后注释：1．sweep through：席卷，横扫2．die out：消失，不复存在3．break out：突然发生；爆发4．go through：走遍练习：1．A at B to C in D from2．A being attacked B having been attacked C attacked D attacking 3．A sitting B standing C living D appearing 4．A outbreaks B incidents C accidents D cases5．A changed B happened C arise D descend6．A it B they C which D those7．A enlarged B strengthened C decreased D increased 8．A was no 1onger B went out of C ceased to be D reamained 9．A few B many C countless D innumerable 10．A in addition B however C therefore D moreover 11．A weak B disabled C sick D healthy 12．A touching B touched C untouched D having touched 13．A stop B stopping C stopped D to stop14．A killed B has killed C had killed D has been killing 15．A clear B strage C uncertain D questionable 答案与题解：1．B 四个选项中只有to可以与according连用，意为“根据，按照”，与上下文意思吻合。
2011年全国职称英语考试卫生类(A级)真题与答案解析
25、C 本段首先比照了猫头鹰式和云雀式两种不同的生活方式，但孰优孰劣并不作比拟，只是提出“根据自己的 T 作、娱乐过着充实的生活井有充足的睡眠让你精力充分才是关键 "。
26、A 最后一段列举了一些需要注意的事物：午睡可视个人具体情况而定，防止摄人具有刺激性的物品如饮酒、抽烟、喝咖啡等。
27、 F 第一段第三句就说到“睡眠是为了让我们的大脑能够整理白天所记忆的东西〞。
28、 D 第二段第三句说到，带着小孩的父母就容易成为早起者。
29、A 第三段最后一句的大意正是“过着XX的生活，让充足的睡眠为你带来充分的精力〞。
30、B 短文最后一句就说到，“对大多数人来说，我们的忠告就是不要在晚上喝咖啡〞。
第 4 局部：阅读理解31 、C 此题的答题依据是文章开头的这句话： Everyone has imagination, but most of us, once we become adults, forget how to access it.人人都有想象力，只是成年后，我们就忘了如何取得想象力〔 access it〕。
文章的目的就是教给成年人几种获得想象力的技巧，所以说成年人还是可以学会怎么样更加富有创意的。
32 、 B 从第二段的这两句话 First, think about the problem you have to solve or the job you need to do. Then find an image, word, idea or object, for example, a candle.可以找到答案。
蜡烛只是一个例子。
33 、 A 第三段的第一句话 Imagine that normal limitations don't exist. You have as much time/space/ money, etc. as you want.是此题的答题依据。
2011年全国职称英语卫生类(B级)真题及答案解析
2011年全国职称英语卫生类（B级）真题及答案解析第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近选项。
1.I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues.A.boringB.humorousC.originalD.long2.In the process， the light energy converts to heat energy.A.reducesB. dropsC. leavesD.changes3.Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment.A.doubtB.surpriseC.loveD.anger4.The thief was finally captured two miles away from the village.A.killedB.caughtC.foundD.jailed5.Such a database would be extremely costly to set up.A. destroyB.transferC.updateD.establish6.If we leave now，we should miss the the traffic.A.avoidB.mixC.stopD.direct7. He's spent years cultivating a knowledge of art.ingB.denyingC. sharingD.developing8.The two banks have announced plans to merge next year.A.closeB.sellbineD.break9.Many cities have restricted smoking in public places.A.allowedB.keptC.limitedD.stopped10. 1 want to provide my boys with a decent education.A.specialB.generalC.privateD.good11. What are my chances of promotion if I stay here？A. advertisementB. replacementC.advancementD.retirement12.We've seen a marked shift in our approach to the social issues.A.regularB.clearC.quickD.great13. Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners.A.similarB.badC.politeual14. There was a profound silence after his remark.A.shortB.suddenC. deepD.proud15. The document was compileded by the Department of Health.A.printedB. sentC.writtenD. attached第2部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.Breast Cancer Deaths Record LowThe number of women dying from breast cancer has fallen to a record low by dropping under 12,000 a year for the first time since records began.The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11 ,990 women died in the UK in 2007.The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 1971-the year records began-after which it rose steadily year by year until the late 1980s.Professor Peter Johnson, Cancer Research UK's chief clinician, said, It's incredibly encoura- ging to see fewer women dying from breast cancer now than at any time in the last 40 years, despite breast cancer being diagnosed more often.Research has played a crucial role in this progress leading to improved treatments and better management for women with the disease."The introduction of the NHS（国民保健制度）breast screening program has also contributed as women are more likely to survive the earlier cancer is diagnosed."Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in the UK with 45,500 women every year diag nosed with the disease-a 50% rise in 25 years.The number of deaths peaked in 1989, when 15,625 women died. It then fell by between 200 and 400 deaths each year until 2004.There was a slight rise in 2005 and then two vears of falls.Dr Sarah Cant, policy manager at Breakthrough Breast Cancer, said, "It is great news that fewer women are dying from breast cancer and highlights the impact of improved treatments, breast screening and awareness of the disease."However，this is still too many women and incidence（发生率）of the disease is increasing year by year."The rising rate of breast cancer diagnosis has been put down to a variety of factors including obesity（肥胖）and alcohol consumption.16. 11,990 women died from breast cancer in the UK in 2007.A. RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned17. Breast cancer deaths began to be recorded in the UK in 1971.A. RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned18. The rate of breast cancer diagnosis in the UK has been dropping.A. RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned19. Breast cancer can come back 10 years after you were first diagnosed.A. RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned20. Breast cancer is more common in the UK than in many other countries.A. RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned21. Fewer women died from breast cancer in the UK in 2005 than in 2004.A. RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned22. Obesity and alcohol consumption may also lead to some other diseases.A. RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned笫3部分：概括大意与完成句子「第23 ~30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23 -26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1-4段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27 - 30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
2011年职称英语卫生类C级考试真题及答案2011年职称英语卫生类C级考试真题及答案
2011年职称英语卫生类C级考试真题及答案第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近选项。
1. We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference.A. offeredB. investigatedC. includedD. accepted2. His shoes were shined to perfection.A. clearedB. washedC. polishedD. mended3. A number of theories have been proposed to explain the situation.A. suggested B testedC. usedD. announced4. The high-speed trains can have a major impact on our lives.A. effortB. problemC concern D. influence5. Greene spent a brief time at Cambridge,A. shortB. hardC. goodD. long6. The book took ten years of thorough research.A. basicB. carefulC. socialD. major7. The love of money is the root of all evil.A. resultB. causeC. endD. force8. The test produced disappointing results.A. unsatisfactoryB. indirectC. similarD. positive9. Eventually, she got a job and moved to London.A. FinallyB. CertainlyC. LuckilyD. Naturally10. Things have changed a lot since I was a child.A. greatlyB. graduallyC. suddenlyD. frequently11. Marsha confessed that she knew nothing of computer.A. reportedB. hopedC. answeredD. admitted12. My doctor said I should vary my diet more.A. prepareB. cookC. chooseD. change13. She can be relied on in a crisis.A. looked afterB. depended onC. believed inD. turned on14. They converted the spare bedroom into an office.A. reducedB. movedC. turnedD. reformed15. His long-term goal is to set up his own business.A. ideaB. energyC. orderD. aim第2部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2011年全国职称英语卫生类(C级)真题及答案解析
2011年全国职称英语卫生类（C级）真题及答案解析2011年全国职称英语考试卫生类真题（C级）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语有下划线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. We‘ve been through some rough times together.A. longB. shortC. happyD. difficult2. She gave up her job and started writing poetry.A. lostB. createdC. abandonedD. took3. Can you give a concrete example to support your idea？A. specialB. goodC. realD. specific4. In the process， the light energy converts to heat energy.A. changesB. dropsC. reducesD. leaves5. The police took fingerprints and identified the body.A. discoveredB. touchedC. recognizedD. missed6. If we leave now， we should miss the traffic.A. directB. mixC. stopD. avoid7. It was a fascinating painting， with clever use of color and light.A. familiarB. wonderfulC. largeD. new8. I propose that we discuss this at the next meeting.A. suggestB. requestC. demandD. order9. The company has the right to end his employment at any time.A. offerB. continueC. stopD. provide10. I was shocked when I saw the size of the telephone bill.A. excitedB. angryC. lostD. surprised11. What are my chances of promotion if I stay here？A. retirementB. advertisementC. advancementD. replacement12. We‘re happy to report that business is booming this year.A. failingB. riskyC. openD. successful13. We‘re seen a marked shift in our approach to the social issues.A. quickB. regularC. greatD. clear14. The thief was finally captured two miles away from the village.A. foundB. killedC. jailedD. caught15. Rodman met with Tony to try and settle the dispute over his contract.A. solveB. avoidC. markD. involve第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题。
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２０１１ 年职称英语卫生类阅读理解 新增文章篇目 第三篇 Ｃｏｏｋｉｎｇ Ｏｉｌ Ｆｕｍｅｓ Ｃａｕｓｅ Ｔｕｍｏｒ ＊第十八篇 Ｅｘｅｒｃｉｓｅ Ｃａｎ Ｒｅｐｌａｃｅ Ｉｎｓｕｌｉｎ ｆｏｒ Ｅｌｄｅｒｌｙ Ｄｉａｂｅｔｉｃｓ １ ＊第二十四篇 Ｐｒｅｖｅｎｔｉｎｇ Ｃｈｉｌｄ Ｍａｌｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ ＋第三十四篇 Ｂｅ Ａｌｅｒｔ ｔｏ Ａｎｔｉｍｉｃｒｏｂｉａｌ Ｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ 注： １、＋表示 Ａ 级文章；＊表示 Ｂ 即文章；其他为 Ｃ 级文章； ２、完形填空请参见第 １５ 页； ３、２０１１ 年词汇部分与 ２０１０ 年教材相比未作任何变化。
厨房油烟可致癌 专家们经过 ５ 年的研究调研后指出，城市人群中，男性患肺癌的首要原因是吸烟，而女 性患此绝症的罪魁祸首是厨房油烟。
医生们昨天宣布这一结果， 并对肺癌患病的一些新趋势做出分析。
他们认为病人越来越 年轻化，尤其是女性。
据上海肿瘤研究所统计显示， 本市死于肺癌的居民多于死于其他疾病的人。
肺癌成为继 乳腺癌之后的第二大高发病率肿瘤。
上海民生中医肿瘤诊疗中心何裕民医生指出： “不健康的生活习惯是致癌的一个重要原 因。
” 他对 ２，２７６ 名肺癌患者进行了长达 ５ 年的追踪调研。
这些患者中有 ｌ，４８３ 名是男性。
报告显示，案例中男性患者中 ７０％是由吸烟诱发癌症的，而只有 １８％的女性患者是由 于吸烟或被迫吸人二手烟才诱发癌症的。
然而，６０％以上患肺癌的女性都长期接触厨房油烟并主诉眼睛和喉咙疼痛难受。
大约 ３２％的女性在滚开的油里煎炸食物而厨房却密不透风。
而大约 ２５％的女性居住的 卧室紧邻厨房。
但是， 妇女们知道厨房油烟可以致癌时都很惊讶。
其中一些人表示要改变准备饮食的方 式。
“我每天都得下厨做饭，除非我和家人都不在家用餐”，李旭，一名 ４５ 岁的妇女说， “我知道油烟对皮肤不好，但是还是第一次听说油烟竟能致癌。
我以后要少煎炸食物。
” 医生们认为，女性患肺癌和个人健康及身体状况联系极少，但和肿瘤家族病史、不健康 的饮食习惯和脆弱的免疫系统联系紧密。
其他专家同意何医生的意见。
“吸烟已经成为诱发男性肺癌最最大的因素， ”上海复旦大学医学院呼吸道疾病研究所 名誉主席谭彬用指出， “二手烟和厨房油烟的确是诱发女性肺癌的主要原因。
” 他的研究同时也警告人们不要站在卖油炸食品的摊点旁，因为他们使用的油都是劣质 的。
专家称，如果长时间接受油烟，患肺癌的几率有常人的 ３ 倍那么高。
练习： 练习： １．Ｗｈａｔ ａ ｎｅｗ ｔｅｎｄｅｎｃｙ ｉｎ ｌｕｎｇ ｃａｎｃｅｒ ｉｓ ｃｏｎｃｌｕｄｅｄ ｂｙ ｔｈｅ ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ？ Ａ Ｂ Ｃ Ｄ Ｍｅｎ ａｒｅ ｍｏｒｅ ｌｉｋｅｌｙ ｔｏ ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐ ｌｕｎｇ ｃａｎｃｅｒ ｔｈａｎ ｗｏｍｅｎ． Ｗｏｍｅｎ ａｒｅ ｍｏｒｅ ｌｉｋｅｌｙ ｔｏ ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐ ｌｕｎｇ ｃａｎｃｅｒ ｔｈａｎ ｍｅｎ． Ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ ｗｉｔｈ ｌｕｎｇ ｃａｎｃｅｒ ｂｅｃｏｍｅ ｏｌｄｅｒ， ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙ ｍａｌｅｓ． Ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ ｗｉｔｈ ｌｕｎｇ ｃａｎｃｅｒ ｂｅｃｏｍｅ ｙｏｕｎｇｅｒ， ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙ ｆｅｍａｌｅｓ． ２．Ｗｈｉｃｈ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ ｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓ ｉｓ ｔｈｅ ｍｏｓｔ ｃｏｍｍｏｎ ａｍｏｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｌｏｃａｌ ｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｔｓ ｉｎ Ｓｈａｎｇｈａｉ？ Ａ Ｈｅａｒｔ ｄｉｓｅａｓｅ． Ｃ Ｂ Ｂｒｅａｓｔ ｃａｎｃｅｒ． Ｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｕｓ ｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓ．Ｄ Ｌｕｎｇ ｃａｎｃｅｒ． ３．Ｗｈａｔ ｓｙｍｐｔｏｍｓ ｍａｙ ｂｅ＇ ｃｏｍｐｌａｉｎｅｄ ｏｆ ｂｙ ｍｏｓｔ ｗｏｍｅｎ ｗｉｔｈ ｌｕｎｇ ｃａｎｃｅｒ ａｆｔｅｒ ｌｏｎｇ ｔｅｒｍ， ｃｌｏｓｅ ｃｏｎｔａｃｔ ｗｉｔｈ ｃｏｏｋｉｎｇ ｏｉｌ ｆｕｍｅｓ？ Ａ Ｉｒｒｉｔａｔｅｄ ｅｙｅｓ ａｎｄ ｔｈｒｏａｔ． Ｃ Ｂ Ｓｅｖｅｒｅ ｐａｉｎ ｉｎ ｂｏｔｈ ｌｕｎｇｓ． Ｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｏｕｓ ｃｏｕｇｈ ａｎｄ ｈｅａｄａｃｈｅ．Ｄ Ｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｙ ｉｎ ｂｒｅａｔｈｉｎ９． ４．Ｗｈａｔ ｗａｓ ｔｈｅ ｌｏｃａｌ ｗｏｍｅｎ＇ｓ ｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎ ｗｈｅｎ ｔｈｅｙ ｌｅａｒｎｅｄ ｔｈａｔ ｃｏｏｋｉｎｇ ｏｉｌ ｆｕｍｅｓ ｃｏｕｌｄ ｌｅａｄ ｔｏ ｃａｎｃｅｒ？ Ａ Ｈａｐｐｙ． Ｃ Ａｎｇｒｙ． Ｂ Ｄ Ｓｕｒｐｒｉｓｅｄ． Ｃａｒｅｌｅｓｓ ５．Ｗｈｉｃｈ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ ｈａｓ ｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌｙ ｌｉｔｔｌｅ ｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｉｏｎ ｗｉｔｈ ｗｏｍｅｎ＇ｓ ｌｕｎｇ ｃａｎｃｅｒ？ Ａ Ｂ Ｃ Ｆａｍｉｌｙ ｃａｎｃｅｒ ｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ． Ｕｎｈｅａｌｔｈｙ ｄｉｅｔａｒｙ ｈａｂｉｔｓ． Ｗｅａｋ ｉｍｍｕｎｅ ｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ． Ｄ Ｐｅｒｓｏｎａｌ ｈｅａｌｔｈ ａｎｄ ｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌ ｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎ． 第十八篇 老年糖尿病患者进行体育锻炼可以取代胰岛素治疗 哥本哈根的《贝林时报》周一刊登了一则最新医疗研究结果称，大多数Ⅱ型老年糖尿病 患者只要每周坚持三次轻：陕的体育锻炼，每次 ３０ 分钟，都可以不用注射胰岛素。
报道称，哥本哈根市中心医院 Ｒｉｇｓｈｏｓｐｉｔａｌｅｔ 肌肉研究中心对糖尿病人进行测试，结 果显示体育锻炼能将身体利用胰岛素的能力提高 ３０％。
据说，这一结果和大多数老年糖尿病患者每天接受胰岛素治疗的疗效相同。
研究人员挑选了一组非糖尿病患者，一组Ⅱ型糖尿病患者，都是 ６０ 岁以上的男性。
这 些被试者每周骑自行车锻炼六次，并持续了三个月。
三个月后，医生测量出被试者肌肉能够 利用的血糖总量，以此作为测量他们的胰岛素工作状况如何的标志。
肌肉研究中心副教授弗莱明・德拉医生称， 实验结果显示， 进行体育锻炼的糖尿病患者 胰岛素利用率和那些没有锻炼的健康人胰岛素利用率一样高。
“这就意味着， 两组被试者的胰岛素都是正常工作的。
体育锻炼不能治好患者的糖尿病， 但是能最大限度地消除患者症状。
另外，即使患者不得不接受胰岛素治疗，体育锻炼也能尽 量推迟这一临界点， 甚至有可能完全避免实施胰岛素治疗。
”德拉医生的话像格言一样被人 们所引用。
胰岛素是胰腺分泌的一种激素，可以控制体内血糖，预防糖尿病。
德拉解释说，糖尿病患者只需锻炼到出汗的程度即可达到理想的效果。
同时他还强调， 这种锻炼必须坚持，如果五天没有进行有效锻炼，效果就会消失。
德拉还补充说， 大多数糖尿病患者意识到他们必须控制饮食， 却忽略了体育锻炼的重要 性。
练习： 练习： １．Ｈｏｗ ｃｏｕｌｄ ｍｏｓｔ ｅｌｄｅｒｌｙ ｔｙｐｅ ＩＩ ｄｉａｂｅｔｉｃｓ ｓｔｏｐ ｔａｋｉｎｇ ｉｎｓｕｌｉｎ？ Ａ Ｂ Ｃ Ｄ Ｂｙ ｔａｋｉｎｇ ｍｏｒｅ ｓａｌｔ ｔｈａｎ ｕｓｕａｌ． Ｂｙ ｔａｋｉｎｇ ｌｅｓｓ ｓａｌｔ ｔｈａｎ ｕｓｕａｌ． Ｂｙ ｄｏｉｎｇ ｂｒｉｓｋ ｅｘｅｒｃｉｓｅ ｆｏｒ ｈａｌｆ ａｎ ｈｏｕｒ ａｔ ｌｅａｓｔ ｔｈｒｅｅ ｔｉｍｅｓ ａ ｗｅｅｋ． Ｂｙ ｇｏｉｎｇ ｃｌｉｍｂｉｎ９，ｓｗｉｍｍｉｎｇ ｏｒ ｂｏｘｉｎｇ ｅｖｅｒｙ ｄａｙ． ２．Ｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌ ｅｘｅｒｃｉｓｅ ｍａｙ ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅ ｔｈｅ ｂｏｄｙ ａｂｉｌｉｔｙ ｔｏ ｕｔｉｌｉｓｅ ｉｎｓｕｌｉｎ ｂｙ Ａ Ｂ Ｃ Ｄ ７０ ｐｅｒ ｃｅｎｔ． ３０ ｐｅｒ ｃｅｎｔ． ６０ ｐｅｒ ｃｅｎｔ． ｏｎｌｙ ａ ｆｅｗ ｐｅｒ ｃｅｎｔ． ３． Ｔｈｅ ｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｓ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ ｔｅｓｔｓ ｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｅｄ ａｔ ｔｈｅ Ｃｏｐｅｎｈａｇｅｎ Ｃｅｎｔｒａｌ Ｈｏｓｐｉｔａｌ ｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｄ． Ａ Ｂ Ｃ Ｄ ｅｌｄｅｒｌｙ ｎｏｎ－ｄｉａｂｅｔｉｃ ｍｅｎ． ｅｌｄｅｒｌｙ ｔｙｐｅ ＩＩ ｄｉａｂｅｔｉｃ ｍｅｎ． ｂｏｔｈ ｓｅｘｅｓ ｏｆ ａｌｌ ａｇｅｓ． ｂｏｔｈ Ａ ａｎｄ Ｂ． ４． Ｔｏ ｗｈａｔ ａ ｄｅｇｒｅｅ ｈａｖｅ ｄｉｅｂｅｔｉｃｓ ｔｏ ｅｘｅｒｃｉｓｅ ｉｎ ｏｒｄｅｒ ｔｏ ａｃｈｉｅｖｅ ｔｈｅ ｄｅｓｉｒｅｄ ｅｆｆｅｃｔ？ Ａ Ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｄｅｇｒｅｅ ｗｈｅｒｅ ｔｈｅｙ ｂｅｇｉｎ ｔｏ ｓｗｅａｔ． Ｂ Ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｄｅｇｒｅｅ ｗｈｅｒｅ ｔｈｅｙ ｆｅｅｌ ｅｘｈａｕｓｔｅｄ． Ｃ Ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｐｏｉｎｔ ｗｈｅｎ ｔｈｅｙ ｆｅｅｌ ｔｈｉｒｓｔｙ． Ｄ Ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｐｏｉｎｔ ｗｈｅｎ ｔｈｅｙ ｈａｖｅ ｔｏ ｔａｋｅ ｉｎｓｕｌｉｎ． ５．Ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ ｔｏ Ｄｅｌａ，ａｍｏｎｇ ｍｏｓｔ ｄｉａｂｅｔｉｃｓ ｔｈｅ ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅ ｏｆ ｅｘｅｒｃｉｓｅ ｉｓ ｏｆ ｗａｔｃｈｉｎｇ ｔｈｅｉｒ ｄｉｅｔ． Ａ ａｓ ｐｏｏｒｌｙ ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔｏｏｄ ａｓ Ｂ ａｓ ｗｅｌｌ ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔｏｏｄ ａｓ Ｃ ｌｅｓｓ ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔｏｏｄ ｔｈａｎ Ｄ ｂｅｔｔｅｒ ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔｏｏｄ ｔｈａｎ ｔｈｅ ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅ 第二十四篇 遏制虐待儿童现象 虐待儿童是一个全球问题， 它会严重影响儿童的一生。
由于缺乏很多国家虐待儿童的数 据，尤其是中低收入国家的数据，目前对于儿童虐待在全球蔓延的程度，我们还未能获得可 靠的数据。
虐待儿童的研究很复杂，很困难。
当前，各个国家大概的相关数据差别很大，而且使用 的研究方法不同也会得出不同的估值。
但是，国际研究显示，大约有 ２０％的女性和 ５％一 ｌ０％的男性称自己在童年遭到性虐待，而所有儿童的 ２５％一 ５０％都称自己曾受肉体上的虐 待。
除此之外，很多儿童受到情感虐待（有时又成为心理虐待）ｏ 每年，有大约 ３１，０００ 名 １５ 岁以下儿童遭到谋杀，但是由于很大一部分由儿童虐待造 成的死亡被错误地归因于坠楼、 烧死或溺死， 所以这一数据不能反映出这一问题真正的严重 程度。
虐待儿童会给儿童和其家人带来持久的伤痛。
虐待会造成压力， 而压力会干扰儿童早期 的大脑发育。
高度压力会损伤神经和免疫系统的发育。
之后，儿童长大成人，但是他们在行 为、生理以及心理方面出现疾病的危险性大大增加。
通过行为和心理上对健康的影响，虐待 又会导致心脏病、癌症、自杀以及性传播疾病等。