期末考试高级英语第一册修辞总结
高级英语第三版第一册1-6课修辞汇总
高级英语第三版（1-6课除去5）修辞汇总Metaphor （暗喻）1.We can battle down and ride it out.2.Wind and rain now whipped the house.3.Camille, meanwhile, had raked its way northward across Mississippi.4.As a result the nerves of both duke and duchess were excessively frayed when themuted buzzer of the outer door eventually sounded.5.His wife shot him a swift, warning glance.6.…anticipated that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials inU.S. history.7.By the time the trial began on July 10, our town of 1,500 people had taken on acircus atmosphere.8.The streets around the three-storey red brick law court sprouted with ricketystands selling hot…9.After the preliminary sparring over legalities, Darrow got up to make his openingstatement.10.The crowed seemed to feel that their champion had not scorched the infidels withthe hot breath of his oratory as he should have.11.…who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.12.The geographic core, in Twain’s early years, was the great valley of theMississippi River, main in artery of transportation in the young nation’s heart. 13.He went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silverfever in Nevada's Washoe region.14.For eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and thepersistent, and was rebuffed.15.From the discouragement of his mining failures, Mark Twain began digging hisway to regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist.16.He boarded the stagecoach for San Francisco, then and now a hotbed of hopefulyoung writers.17.Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles, but he had…Simile(明喻)1.and the group heard gun-like reports as other upstairs windows disintegrated.Water rose above their ankles.2.The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade.3.The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away.4.Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown-down power linescoiled like black spaghetti over the roads.5.Telephone poles and 2O-inoh-thiok pines cracked like suns as the winds snapped.6. Gone was the fierce fervor of the days when Bryan had swept the political arena like a prairie fire.Personification(拟人)1. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off thehouse and skimmed it 40feet through the air.2.America laughed with him.3.Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laughTransferred Epithet(移就)1.Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from theirspectacular vantage point。
高级英语第一册1-7课修辞整理
高级英语第一册1-7课修辞整理Lesson 1: Confronting ___ Camille1.We could fight it and endure it like rs.2.The house was being whipped by strong winds and heavy rain.3.Meanwhile。
___ Mississippi。
___.4.The group heard loud noises like gunshots as other windows on the upper floor shattered。
Water levels rose above their ankles.5.The children were passed from one adult to another like ___.6.The wind sounded like a train passing by just a few yards away.7.Strips of ___。
and power lines that had been blown ___.8.Suddenly。
the ___ off the house and sent it flying 40 feet through the air。
as if it had a mind of its own.9.The residents of Richelieu Apartments held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their ___.10.___ to go out the back door and get into their cars.5.She refused to let it gallop away with her thoughts。
(metaphor)6.The Duke。
高级英语第三版第一册1-7课修辞整理
Lesson 1 Face to Face with Hurricane Camille1.We can battle down and ride it out. (metaphor)2.Wind and rain now whipped the house. (metaphor)3.Camille, meanwhile, had raked its way northward across Mississippi. (metaphor)4.and the group heard gun-like reports as other upstairs windows disintegrated. Water rose above their ankles. (simile)5.The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (simile)6.The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. (simile)7.Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown-down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads. (simile)8. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air. (personification)9.Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point. (transferred epithet)10. "Everybody out the back door to the cars!" John yelled. (elliptical)Lesson 2 Hiroshima—the “Liveliest” City in Japan1. “Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its-oysters”. (anticlimax)2. …as the fastest train in the world slipped to a stop... (all iteration)3. …where thousands upon thousands of people had been slain in one second, where thousands upon thousands of others had lingered on to die in slow agony. (parallelism, transferred epithet)4. At last this intermezzo came to an end… (metaphor)5. This way I look at them and congratulate myself of the good fortune that my illness has brought me. (irony)6. Each day that I escape death, each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly cares, I make a new little paper bird, and add it to the others. (euphemism)7. Hiroshima—the “liveliest” [pun]City in Japan(irony)8. I felt sick, and ever since then they have been testing and treating me. (alliteration)9. The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt (synecdoche, metonymy)10. There were fresh bows, and the faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima was repeated. (synecdoche)11. Was I not at the scene of the crime? (rhetorical question)12. Because I had a lump in my throat…. (metaphor)13. Whose door popped open at the very sight of a traveler. (onomatopoeia)14.No one talks about it any more, and no one wants to, especially the people who we re born here or who lived through it. (climax)Lesson 3 Blackmail1.As a result the nerves of both duke and duchess were excessively frayed when the muted buzzer of the outer door eventually sounded. (metaphor)2. His wife shot him a swift, warning glance. (metaphor)3. You drove there in your fancy Jaguar, and you took a lady friend.(euphemism)4. The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind.(metaphor)5. In what conceivable way does our car concern you? (rhetorical question)6. Her voice was a whiplash. (metaphor)7. The obese body shook in an appreciative chuckle. (transferred epithet)8. Two high points of color appeared in the paleness of the Duchess of Croydon’s cheeks. (transferred epithet)9. The house detective clucked his tongue reprovingly. (onomatopoeia)10. Eyes bored into him. (metaphor)Lesson 4 A Trial that Rocked the World1) The trial that rocked the world (hyperbole)2) Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder (transferred epithet)3) The case had erupted round my head (synecdoche)4) Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted (ridicule)5) and it is a mighty strong combination (sarcasm)6) until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century (irony)7) There is some doubt about that. (sarcasm)8) No one, ... that may case would snowball into...(metaphor)9) The streets around the three-storey red brick law court sprouted with rickety stands selling hot… (metaphor)10) Resolutely he strode to the stand, [carrying a palm fan like a sword to repel his enemies]. (ridicule, simile)11) Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence. (ridicule)12) Dudley Field Malene called my conviction a “victorious defeat” (oxymoron)13) ...our town ...had taken on a circus atmosphere. (metaphor)14) He thundered in his sonorous organ tones. (metaphor)15）...champion had not scorched the infidels... (metaphor)16）…after the preliminary sparring over legalities… (metaphor)17)Now Darrow sprang his trump card by calling Bryan as a … n. (metaphor)18)Then the court broke into a storm of applause that … (metaphor)19）...swept the arena like a prairie fire (simile)20)The oratorical storm … blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind (simile )21)...tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers... (Metonymy)22) The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below. (Metonymy)23)His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world. (Hyperbole)24)The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below. (antithesis)25)when bigots lighted faggots to burn... (Consonance)26) There is never a duel with the truth," he roared. "The truth always wins -- and we are not afraid of it. The truth does not need Mr. Bryan. The truth is eternal. (Repetition)27)Darrow walked slowly round the baking court. (transferred epithet)28)Gone was the fierce fervor of the days when Bryan had swept the political arena like a pr airie fire.(Alliteration)29) DARWIN IS RIGHT—INSIDE(pun)Lesson 5 The Libido for the Ugly1. Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity (metaphor, transferred epithet, antithesis)2. Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination--and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats. (Antithesis, Repetition, hyperbole)3. There was not one in sight from the train that did not insult and lacerate the age. (synecdoche)4. There was not a single decent house within eye range from the Pittsburgh to the Greensburg yards. There was not one that was misshapen, and there was not one that was not shabby. (Understatement; Litotes)5. The country is not uncomely, despite the grim of the endless mills. (Litotes, Overstatement)6. They would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides. (personification)7. On their low sides they bury themselves swinishly in the mud. (Metaphor)8. And one and all they are streaked in grim, with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping through the streaks. (Metaphor)9. When it has taken on the patina of the mills, it is the color of a fried egg. When it has taken on the patina of the mills, it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring. (Metaphor, ridicule)10. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer. (Irony, sarcasm)11. N.J. and Newport News, Va.Safe in a Pullman, I have whirled through the gloomy… (Metonymy)12. But in the American village and small town the pull is always towards ugliness, and in that Westmoreland valley it has been yielded to with an eagerness bordering upon passion. (Ridicule)13. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror. (Irony)14. On certain levels of the American race, indeed, there seems to be positive libido for the ugly, as on the other and less Christian levels there is a libido for the beautiful. (Antithesis) 15. The taste for them is as enigmatical and yet as common as the taste for the dogmatic theology and the poetry of Edgar A.Guest. (Metaphor)16. And some of them are appreciably better. (Sarcasm)17. They let it mellow into its present shocking depravity. (Metaphor; sarcasm)18. The effect is that of a fat woman with a black eye. (Metaphor)19. The boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth. (hyperbole)20. What I allude to is the unbroken and agonizing ugliness, the sheer revolting monstrousness of every house in sight. (hyperbole)21. A steel stadium like a huge rat-trap somewhere further down the line. (simile, ridicule)22. Obviously, if there were architects of any professional sense of dinity in the region, they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides. (sarcasm)23. By the hundreds and thousands these abominable houses cover the bare hillsides, like gravestones in some gigantic and decaying cemetery. (simile)24. They have the most loathsome towns and villages ever seen by a mortal eye. (hyperbole)25. They are incomparable in color, and they are incomparable in design. (sarcasm)26. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all ingenuity of Hell to the making of them. (hyperbole and irony)27. Beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them. (sarcasm)28. In precisely the same way the authors of the rat-trap stadium that I have mentioned made a deliberate choice. (metaphor)29. They made it perfect in their own sight by putting a completely impossible penthouse, painted a starting yellow, on top of it. (ridicule)30. The effect is that of a fat woman with a black eye. (metaphor)31. It is that of a Presbyterian grinning. (metaphor)32. This they have converted into a thing… low-pitched roof. (inversion)33. But nowhere on this earth, at home or abroad, have I seen anything to compare to thevillage(inversion)34. coal and steel town(synecdoche)35. boy and man(synecdoche)36. Was it necessary to adopt that shocking color? (rhetorical question)37. Are they so frightful because the valley is full of foreigners – dull, insensate brutes, with no love of beauty in them? (rhetorical question)38. a crazy little church. (transferred epithet)39. a bare leprous hill (transferred epithet)40. preposterous brick piers (transferred epithet)41. uremic yellow (transferred epithet)42. the obscene humor (transferred epithet)Lesson 6 Mark Twain --- Mirror of America1)saw clearly ahead a black wall of night... (Metaphor)2)main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart(Metaphor)3)All would resurface in his books...that he soaked up... (Metaphor)4)When railroads began drying up the demand... (Metaphor)5)...the epidemic of gold and silver fever... (Metaphor)6)Twain began digging his way to regional fame... Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles... (Metaphor)7)Most American remember M. T. as the father of... ...a memory that seemed phonographic(Simile)8) America laughed with him. (Hyperbole, personification)9)...to literature's enduring gratitude...(Personification)10)the grave world smiles as usual... (Personification)11) Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh (Personification)12)America laughed with him. (Personification)13)...between what people claim to be and what they really are… (Antithesis)14)...a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever(Antithesis)15)… a motley band of Confederate guerrillas who diligently avoided contact with the enemy. (Euphemism)16)...the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home(Alliteration)17)...with a dash and daring... ...a recklessness of cost or consequences...(Alliteration)18)...his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxe (Metonymy)19)For eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and the persistent, and was rebuffed. (metaphor)20)From the discouragement of his mining failures, Mark Twain began digging his way to regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist.(metaphor)21)He boarded the stagecoach for San Francisco, then and now a hotbed of hopeful young writers. (metaphor)22)he commented with a crushing sense of despair on men's final release from earthly struggles (euphemism)23) ...took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land... (metaphor, antithesis)24)Most Americans remember ... the father of [Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure.](parallelism, hyperbole)25)The cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied --a cosmos (hyperbole)26) the vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United States(metaphor)27) Steamboat decks teemed...main current of...but its flotsam(metaphor)28) Twain began digging his way to regional fame... (metaphor)29) life dealt him profound personal tragedies... (personification)30) the river had acquainted him with ... (personification)31) ...an entry that will determine his course forever... (personification)32) Personal tragedy haunted his entire life. (personification)33)Keelboats, ...carried the first major commerce (synecdoche)Lesson 7 Everyday Use for your grandmamma1. “Maggie’s brain is like an elephant’s”. Wangero said, laughing. (irony)2. “Mama,” Wangero said sweet as a bird. “can I have these old quilts?” (simile)3. …showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink skirt and red blouse…(metaphor)4. After I tripped over it two or three times he told me …(metaphor)5. And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe. (hyperbole)6. Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. (simile)7. Have you ever seen a lame animal, perhaps dog run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car, sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him? (metaphor)8. I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out. (hyperbole)9. Impressed with her they worshiped the well-turned phrase, the cute shape, the scalding humor that erupted like bubbles in lye. (simile)10. It is like an extended living room. (simile)11. Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue. (assonance)12. My skin is like an uncooked barley pancake. (simile)13. She gasped like a bee had stung her. (simile)14. You didn’t even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood. (metaphor)15. Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue? Who can even imagine me looking a strange white man in the eye? (rhetorical question)。
高英第一册的修辞手法
Figures of speechSimile(明喻) Metaphor(暗喻) (隐喻) Metonymy(转喻) (借代) Personification（拟人）Euphemism（委婉）Hyperbole（夸张）Contrast（对照）Antithesis（平行对照）Parallelism（平行）Repetition（反复）Oxymoron（矛盾修饰）Irony（反语）Climax（层递）Anticlimax（突降）Onomatopoeia（拟声）Alliteration（头韵）pun（双关）transferred epithet(移就) 一Simile(明喻)Simile：(明喻)It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other.Simile is a comparison between two different things that resemble each other in at least one way. In formal prose the simile is a device both of art and explanation, comparing an unfamiliar thing to some familiar thing (an object, event, process, etc.) known to the reader.For example,As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.1. Simile通常由三部分构成：本体（tenor or subject）,喻体（vehicle or reference）和比喻词（comparative word or indicator of resemblance）。
高级英语第一册修辞手法汇总
高级英语第一册修辞手法汇总————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：Lesson 11．"We can batten down and ride it out," he said. (Para. 4) metaphor2 .Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Para. 7) personification 、metaphor3. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (Para.11) simile4. He held his head between his hands, and silently prayed: “Get us through this mess, will You?”(Para. 17) alliteration5. It seized a 600, 000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away. (Para.19) personification6. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. (Para.19) simile、onomatopoeia(拟声)7. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point. （Para. 20）transferred epithet8 8. Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished.（Para. 20）simile、personification9. and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads.(Para.28)simile10.household and medical supplies streamed in by plane, train, truck and car. (Para. 31) metaphorLesson 41. Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm around my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open. (para2) Transferred epithet2. The case had erupted round my head not long after I arrived in Dayton as science master and football coach at secondary school.(para 3) Synecdoche3. After a while, it is the setting of man against man and creed against creed until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century.(para14) Irony4. '' There is some doubt about that '' Darrow snorted.(para 19) Sarcasm5. The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.(para 20) Antithesis6. Gone was the fierce fervor of the days when Bryan had swept the political arena like a prairie.(para 22) Alliteration; Simile7. The crowd seemed to feel that their champion had not scorched the infidels with the hot breadth of his oratory as he should have. (Para 22)He appealed for intellectual freedom, and accused Bryan of calling for a duel to the death between science and religion. (Para 23)The court broke into a storm of applause that surpassed that Bryan.Snowball:grow quickly; spar: fight with words; thunder: say angrily and loudly; scorch: thoroughly defeat; duel: life and death struggle; storm of applause: loud applause by many people; the oratorical duel; spring the trump card.Metaphor8. Dudley Field Malone called my conviction a '' victorious defeat'' (para 45)A woman whispered loudly as he finished his address Oxymoron9. My heart went out to the old warrior as spectators pushed by him to shake Darrow's hand. Metonymy10. It is not going to be driven out of this court byThe spectators chuckled and Bryan warmed to his work. -- Line 101 Ridicule…Carrying a palm fan like a sword to repel his enemies. Ridicule11. With a fan blowing on him punLesson 5 The libido for the ugly1 Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity (line 6) metaphor; transferred epithet2 Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination--and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.Antithesis (对偶句）Repetition ( line 10)3 There was not one in sight from the train that did not insult and lacerate the age. Synecdoche(提喻）(line 16)4 There was not a single decent house within eye range from the Pittsburgh to the Greensburg yards. There was not one that was misshapen, and there was not one that was not shabby. Understatement; Litotes(曲言）(line 26)5 The country is not uncomely, despite the grim of the endless mills. Litotes; Overstatement (line 29)6.They would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides. Metaphor (line 36)On their low sides they bury themselves swinishly in the mud. Metaphor(line 46)And one and all they are streaked in grim, with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping through the streaks. Metaphor (line 49)When it has taken on the patina of the mills, it is the color of a fried egg. When it has taken on the patina of the mills, it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring. Line 52 Metaphor7 I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer. Irony (line 60)8 N.J. and Newport News, V a.Safe in a Pullman, I have whirled through the gloomy(line67) Metonymy9 But in the American village and small town the pull is always towards ugliness, and in that Westmoreland valley it has been yielded to with an eagerness bordering upon passion. Ridicule (line 88)10 It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror. Irony (line 90)11 On certain levels of the American race, indeed, there seems to be positive libido for the ugly, ason the other and less Christian levels there is a libido for the beautiful. line 91 Antithesis12 The taste for them is as enigmatical and yet as common as the taste for the dogmatic theology and the poetry of Edgar A.Guest. Metaphor13 And some of them are appreciably better. Line 109 Sarcasm14 They let it mellow into its present shocking depravity. Metaphor; sarcasm15 The effect is that of a fat woman with a black eye. MetaphorLesson 61.Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huch Finn’s(synecdoche) idylliccruise through the eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer’s endless summer of freedom and adventure. (Para.1) Hyperbole2.I found another Twain as well (Para.1) synecdoche3. a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead aback wall of night. (Para.1) metaphor4.The geographic core, in Twain’s early years, was the great valley of the Mississippi River,main artery of transportation in the young nation’s heart. (Para.3) metaphor5.Lumber, corn, tobacco, wheat, and furs moved downstream to the delta country; sugar,molasses, cotton, and whisky traveled north. ( Para.3) antithesis6.the cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied—a cosmos(Para.4) alliteration metaphor7.Steamboats decks teemed not only with the main current of pioneering humanity, but itsflotsam of hustlers, gamblers, and thugs as well. (Para.5) Metaphor8.For eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and persistent,(Para.5) metaphor9.He went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver fever inNevada’s Washoe region. (Para.7) metaphor10.From the discouragement of his mining failures, Mark Twain began digging his way toregional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist. (Para.8) metaphor11.The instant riches of a mining strike would not be his in the reporting trade, but for makingmoney, his pen would prove mightier than his pickax. (Para.8) metonymy12.in the spring of 1864, less than two years after joining the Territorial Enterprise, he boardedthe stagecoach for San Francisco, then and now a hotbed of hopeful young writers. (Para.8) metaphor13.Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing(metonymy) muscles… (Para.9)metaphor14.It was a splendid population——for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stay athome… (Para.9) alliteration15.“It was a splendid population——for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed athome…” (Para.9) alliteration16.“It was that population that gave to California a name for getting up astounding enterprisesand rushing them through with a magnificent dash and daring (alliteration) and a recklessness of coat or consequences, which she (synecdoche) bears onto this day——and when she projects a new surprise, the grave world( transferred epithet) smiles(personification)as usual, and says ‘Well, this is California all over.’” (Para.9)17.Two years later the opportunity came for him to take a distinctly American look at the oldworld. (Para.12) transferred epithet pleasure cruise(metaphor)18.Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh. (Para.21) personification19.America laughed with him. (Para.13) personification and synecdoche20.Tom Sawyer quickly became a classic tale of American boyhood. (Para. 13) synecdoche21.Tom’s mischievous daring, ingenuity, and sweet innocence of his affection for …..(Para.15)transferred epithet22.Six chapters into Tom Sawyers, he drags in “the juvenile pariah….” (Para.16) metaphor23.I have tried it, and I don’t work; it don’t work, Tom. It ain’t for me…The widder eats by a bell;she goes to bed by a bell; she gits up by a bell—everything’s so awful reg’lar body can’t stand it.(Para.16) alliteration parallelism repetition24.Nine years after Tom Sawyer swept the nation. ( Para.17) metaphor25.Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laughed. (Para.21) metaphor26.Now the gloves came off with biting satire. (Para.21)transferred epithet metaphor27.dictating his autobiography late in life, he commented with a crushing sense of despair onmen’s final release from earthly struggles. (Para.22) metaphor28.where the have left no sign that they had existed— a world which will lament them a day andforget them forever. (Para.22) antithesis personificationLesson 11Alliteration1.brittle and brown(Para.1)2.willow and witch hazel(Para.1)3.great green-and-yellow grasshoppers(Para.1)4.the eagle and the elk(Para.6)5.the badger and the bear(Para.6)6.bent and blind(Para.6)7.sad in the sound, syllables of sorrow(Para.11)8.lean and leather(Para.13)9.jest and gesture(Para.13)10.fright and false alarm, fringed and flowered shawls, bright beadwork(Para.13)11.At a distance in July or August the steaming foliage seems almost to writhe in fire. （Para.1）不晓得是哪个？补充一下12.It was a long journey toward the dawn, and it led to a golden age. （Para.4）metaphor13.no longer were they slaves to the simple necessity of survival; （Para.4）metaphor14.I wanted to see in reality what she had seen more perfectly in the mind’s eye, and traveledfifteen hundred miles no begin my pilgrimage. （Para.5）metaphor15.Descending eastward, the highland meadows are a stairway to the plain. （Para.7）metaphor16.The earth unfolds and the limit of the land recedes. （Para.7）metaphor17.going out upon a cane, very slowly as she did when the weight of age came upon her;（Para.11）metaphor18.transported so in the dancing light among the shadows of her room, （Para.11）metaphor19.houses are like sentinels in the plain, （Para.12）metaphorLesson 13 No Signposts in the Sea ★为课后习题中的修辞题目1.I have never had much of an eye for noticing the clothes of women… (Para 1 ) Metonymy2.in the evening she wears soft rich colours, dark red, olive green, midnight blue…(Para 1 )Metonymy ★3.He says he used to read me… (Para 2 ) Metonymy ★4.Protests about damage to ‘natural beauty’ froze me with contempt. (Para 3) Metaphor5.And now see how I stand, as sentimental and sensitive as any old maid. (Para 4) Alliteration6.I am gloriously and adolescently silly. (Para 4) Transferred Epithet7.… I want my fill of beauty before I go. (Para 4) Euphemism ★8.The young moon lies on her back tonight as is her habit in the tropics, and as, I think, issuitable if not seemly for a virgin. (Para 5)Personification ★9.Not a star but might not shoot down and accept the invitation to become her lover. (Para 5 )Personification ★10....even as I enjoy the clean voluptuousness of the warm breeze on my skin and the coolsupport of the water…(Para 5) Transferred Epithet ★11.It may be by daylight, looking at the sea, rippled with little white ponies，or with no ripples atall but only the lazy satin of blue, marbled at the edge where the passage of our ship has disturbed it. (Para 6) Metaphor12.The stars seemed little cuts in the black cover… (Para 6) Metaphor13.…no sign of habitation, very blenched and barren. (Para 8) Alliteration ★14.What I like best are th e①stern cliff, with ranges of mountains②soaring behindthem…(Para 8)①Personification ②Metaphor15.What plants of the high altitudes grow unravished among their crags and valleys? (Para 8)Metonymy16...., like delicate flowers, for the discovery of the venturesome. (Para 8) Metaphor17.I wondered what mortal controlled it, in what must be one of the loneliest, most forbiddingspots on earth.(Para 12) Hyperbole18....but I must say I find it refreshing to think there are still a few odd fish left in the world.(Para 16) Metaphor19....follows a ship only to a certain latitude and then turns back…(Para 17) Metonymy20.We might all take a lesson from him, knowing the latitude we can permit ourselves. (Para 17)Metaphor21....and the scratchy little flying-fish have the vast circle all to themselves…(Para 18)Metonymy22.This is the new Edmund Carr with a vengeance. (Para 19) Synecdoche23.God, is there no escape from suffering and sin? (Para 25) Rhetorical Question24.…we wait for it while th e①red ball, cut in half as though by a knife, sinks to its daily②doom. (Para 26)①Innuendo②Metaphor25.Then come the①twilight colours of sea and heaven(…suddenly i n ②these latitudes, at anytare on sea level), the winepink width of water merging into③lawns of aquamarine, and the sky④a tender palette of pink and blue…(Para 26 ) ①Metaphor ②Metonymy ③Metaphor ★④Metaphor ★26.Now the indolence of southern latitudes has captured me. (Para 33 ) Metonymy27.Blue, the colour of peace. (Para 33 ) Metaphor28.…I had no temptation to take a flying holiday to the South…(Para 33 ) TransferredEpithet ★29.And then I like all the small noises of a ship: the faint creaking, as of the saddle-leather to ahorseman riding across turf, the slap of a rope, the hiss of sudden spray. (Para 34 ) Onomatopoeia ★30.But above all I love these long purposeless days in which I shed all that I have ever been.(Para 34 ) Transferred EpithetLesson 14 Speech on Hit ler’s Invasion of the U.S.S.R.1.This changed conviction into certainty. (Para 1) Alliteration2.I had not the slightest doubt where our duty and policy lay. (Para 1) Litotes3.I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes. (Para 1) Metaphor4.… I asked whether for him, the arch anti-Communist, this was not bowing down in the Houseof Rimmon. (Para 5) Metaphor5.If Hitler invaded Hell I would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House ofCommons. (Hitler is much eviler than the devil.) (Para 5) Hyperbole6.The Maze regime is devoid of all theme and principle except appetite and racial domination.(Para 8) Metaphor7.It excels all forms of human wickedness in the efficiency of its cruelty and ferociousaggression. (Para 8) Irony8.I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land…. (Para 8) Metaphor9.– for the safety of their loved ones, the return of the bread-winner, of their champion, of theirprotector. (Para 8) Innuendo10.I see the ten thousand villages of Russia where the means of existence is wrung so hardlyfrom the soil… (Para 8) Metaphor11.I see advancing upon all this in hideous onslaught the Nazi war machine, with its clanking,heel-clicking, dandified Prussian officers, … (Para 8) Metaphor12.I see all the①dull, drilled, docile, brutish, masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on ②like aswarm of crawling locusts. (Para 8) ①Alliteration ②Simile\Ridicule13.I see the German ①bombers and fighters in the sky, still ②smarting from many a British③whipping, ④delighted to find what they believe is an easier and safer ⑤prey (the Russiansoldiers). (Para 8)①Synecdoche ②③④Metaphor\Personification ⑤Metaphor 14.Behind all this①glare, behind all this②storm, I see that small group of villainous menwho plan, organize, and launch this③cataract of horrors upon mankind… (Para 9) ①Metaphor ②Metaphor ③Metaphor15.I have to declare the decision of His Majesty’s Government… (Para 10) Antonomasia16.– for we must spread out now at once, without a day’s delay. (Para 10) Repetition17.I have to make the declaration, but can you doubt what our policy will be? (Para 10)Rhetorical Question18.We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose. (Para 10) Repetition19.We are resolved to destroy Hitler and every vestige of the Nazi regime. (Para 10) Metaphor20.From this nothing will turn us—nothing. (Para 10) Inversion21.We will never parley, we will never negotiate…(Para 10) Repetition22.We have rid the earth of his shadow (influence) and liberated its peoples from his yoke(control). (Para 10) Metaphor23.①Any man or state who②marches with Hitler is our foe. (Para 10) ①Antithesis②Metaphor24.It follows therefore that we shall….We shall…, as we shall faithfully and steadfastly to theend… (Para 10) Parallelism25.But when I spoke… which have impelled or lured him on his Russian adventure I said therewas one deeper motive behind his outrage. (Para 12) Euphemism26.He wishes to destroy the Russian power ….from the East and hurl it upon this Island, whichhe knows….of his crimes. (Para 12) ①Metaphor ②Synecdoche27.…and that he can overwhelm Great Britain before the Fleet and airpower of the UnitedStates may intervene. (Para 12) Synecdoche28.He has so long thrived and prospered. (Para 12) Repetition29.…and that then th e①scene will be clear for the final②act,…(Para 12)①Metaphor ②Euphemism30.…, just as the cause of any Russian fighting for his hearth and home is the cause of free menand free peoples in every quarter of the globe. (Para 13) Alliteration31.Let us learn the lessons already taught by such cruel experience. (Para 13) Alliteration。
高级英语修辞手法总结(最常考)
英语修辞手法1.Simile明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.标志词常用like,as,seem,asif,asthough,similarto,suchas等.例如:1>.Hewaslikeacockwhothoughtthesunhadrisentohearhimcrow.2>.Iwanderedlonelyasacloud.3>.Einsteinonlyhadablanketon,asifhehadjustwalkedoutofafairytale.2.Metaphor隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.例如：1>.Hopeisagoodbreakfast,butitisabadsupper.2>.Somebooksaretobetasted,othersswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested.3.Metonymy借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.I.以容器代替内容,例如:1>.Thekettleboils.水开了.2>.Theroomsatsilent.全屋人安静地坐着.II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:Lendmeyourears,please.请听我说.III.以作者代替作品,例如:acompleteShakespeare莎士比亚全集VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:Ihadthemuscle,andtheymademoneyoutofit.我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.4.Synecdoche提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.例如:1>.Thereareabout100handsworkinginhisfactory.(部分代整体)他的厂里约有100名工人.2>.HeistheNewtonofthiscentury.(特殊代一般)他是本世纪的牛顿.3>.Thefoxgoesverywellwithyourcap.（整体代部分）这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.?5.Synaesthesia通感,联觉,移觉这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。
(完整word版)高级英语(1)修辞格汇总
一、词语修辞格（1）simile 明喻①...a memory that seemed phonographic②“Mama,” Wangero said sweet as a bird .“can I have these old quilts?”③Most American remember M. T. as the father of...④Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail.⑤Impressed with her they worshiped the well-turned phrase, the cute shape, the scalding humor that erupted like bubbles in lye.⑥My skin is like an uncooked barley pancake.⑦She gasped like a bee had stung her.（2）metaphor 暗喻①It is a vast, sombre cavern of a room,…②Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar. ③The dye-market, the pottery market and the carpenters’ market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb the bazaar. A④the last this intermezzo came to an end…⑤…showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink skirt and red blouse…⑥After I tripped over it two or three times he told me …⑦Mark Twain --- Mirror of America⑧saw clearly ahead a black wall of night...⑨main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart⑩All would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...⑪When railroads began drying up the demand...⑫...the epidemic of gold and silver fever...⑬Twain began digging his way to regional fame...⑭Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles...⑮The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind.⑯Her voice was a whiplash.⑰and launch this cataract of horrors upon mankind…⑱But all this fades away before the spectacle which is now unfolding.⑲I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, still smarting from many a British whipping, delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.⑳I see the Russian soldiers standing on the thresthold of their native land, guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial.21The Nazi regime is devoid of all theme and principle except appetite and racial domination.22I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes.23We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God’s help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke.（3）metonymy 借代，转喻①In short, all of these publications are written in the language that the Third International describes②The Washington Post, in an editorial captioned "Keep Your Old Webster's"（4）synecdoche 提喻①The case had erupted round my head②The case had erupted round my head Or what of those sheets and jets of air that are now being used, in place of old-fashioned oak and hinges ...③But neither his vanity nor his purse is any concern of the dictionary's（5）personification 拟人①…until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes…②Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard, perhaps before a mosque or a caravanserai, where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay…③...to literature's enduring gratitude...④The grave world smiles as usual...⑤Bitterness fed on the man...⑥America laughed with him.⑦Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.（6）transferred epithet 移就①Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder②The obese body shook in an appreciative chuckle.③Two high points of color appeared in the paleness of the Duchess of Croydon’s cheeks.④I have been exhilarated by two days of storms, but above all I love these long purposeless days in which I shed all that I have ever been. (V. Sackville-West, No Signposts in the Sea)（7）hyperbole 夸张①The roadway is about twelve feet wide, but it is narrowed every few yards by little stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold.②I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out.③If Hitler invaded Hell and would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.④I see the ten thousand villages of Russia where the means of existence is wrung so hardly from the soil, but where there are still primordial human joys, where maidens laugh and children play. ⑤...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom...⑥The cast of characters... - a cosmos.⑦America laughed with him.⑧The trial that rocked the world⑨His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world."（8）oxymoron 矛盾修饰法Dudley Field Malene called my conviction a, "victorious defeat. " （9）euphemism 委婉语①… a motley band of Confederate g uerrillas who diligently avoided contact with the enemy.②...men's final release from earthly struggle（10）irony -- the use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning. 反语用词语表达与它们的字面意思相异或相反的用法①Hiroshima—the “liveliest” city in Japan②“Maggie’s brain is like an elephant’s”. Wangero said, laughing .③… until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century（11）sarcasm -- a cutting, often ironic remark intended to wound. 讽刺，挖苦意在伤害他人的尖刻的，常带讽刺意味的话语①My friend the attorney-general says that John Scopes knows what he is here for," Darrow drawled. "I know what he is here for, too. He is here because ignorance and bigotry(顽固) are, and it is a mighty strong combination.②There is some doubt about that.③a concept of how things get written that throws very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life④the Post’ s editorial fails to explain what is wrong with the definition, we can only infer from "so simple" a thing that the writer takes the plain, downright, man-in-the-street attitude that adoor is a door and any damn fool knows that（12）ridicule（嘲笑）Words or actions intended to evoke contemptuous laughter at or feelings toward a person or thing 愚弄有意激起对某人或某事的蔑视的笑或看不起的感情而说的话或做的事①Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted②Resolutely he strode to the stand, carrying a palm fan like a sword to repel his enemies.③Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.（13）pun 双关①DARWIN IS RIGHT – INSIDE.②Benjamin Franklin: “If we don’t hang together, we shall most assuredly hang separately.” (Peter stone and Sherman Edwards. 1776) 如果我们不能紧密地团结在一起，那就必然分散地走上绞刑架。
高级英语(1)修辞格汇总(DOC)
一．词语修辞格(1) simile 明喻它根据人们的联想，利用不同事物之间的相似点，借助比喻词(如like，as等)起连接作用，清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物I wandered lonely as a cloud. ( W. Wordsworth: The Daffodils ) 我像一朵浮云独自漫游。
They are as like as two peas. 他们两个长得一模一样。
His young daughter looks as red as a rose. 他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。
①―Mama,‖ Wangero said sweet as a bird . ―C an I have these old quilts?‖②Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail.③My skin is like an uncooked（未煮过的）barley pancake.④The oratorial（雄辩的）storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind though the schools…⑤I see also the dull（迟钝的）, drilled（训练有素的）, docile（易驯服的）, brutish （粗野的）masses of the Hun soldiery plodding（沉重缓慢地走）on like a swarm（群）of crawling locusts（蝗虫）.（2）metaphor 暗喻暗含的比喻。
A是B或B就是A。
All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players演员. ( William Shakespeare )整个世界是座舞台，男男女女，演员而已。
高级英语中的修辞手法总结带课文中例句
高级英语中的修辞手法总结带课文中例句
高级英语中常见的修辞手法包括：
1. 隐喻（Metaphor）：隐喻是一种不直接说明事物，而是通过比较或比喻来暗示某一事物的修辞手法。
例如，“爱情是一座城堡，每个人都在寻找自己的归属”（隐喻，将爱情比喻为城堡）。
2. 反讽（Irony）：反讽是一种表面说一套，实际上表达的却是与字面意思
相反的修辞手法。
例如，“我很喜欢去健身房锻炼，只是我的床喜欢把我困住”（反讽，表达的是作者不想去健身房）。
3. 排比（Parallelism）：排比是一种通过使用结构相似的句式来表达相近
或相同意思的修辞手法。
例如，“他跳得高，跑得快，游得远”（排比，强调他各方面都很优秀）。
4. 拟人（Personification）：拟人是一种将非人类事物赋予人类特性的修辞手法。
例如，“月亮害羞地躲进了云层里”（拟人，将月亮人格化）。
5. 夸张（Hyperbole）：夸张是一种通过夸大或缩小事物来表达强烈情感的修辞手法。
例如，“他高兴得像中了彩票一样”（夸张，强调他非常高兴）。
以上是高级英语中常见的修辞手法及例句，希望对你有所帮助。
高级英语一修辞格归纳
⾼级英语⼀修辞格归纳《⾼级英语（⼀）》修辞格归纳英语修辞格种类1.⾳韵修辞格(phonological rhetorical devices)⾳韵修辞格是利⽤词语的语⾳特点创造出来的修辞⼿法。
主要包括onomatopoeia、alliteration、assonance（元韵）、consonance（辅韵）等。
2.词义修辞格(semantic rhetorical devices)主要借助语义的联想和语⾔的变化等特点创造出来的修辞⼿法。
主要包括simile, metaphor, allusion（典故）, metonymy, transferred epithet, personification, hyperbole, irony, euphemism, pun, oxymoron, zeugma（轭式修饰法）, contrast 等。
3.句法修辞格(syntactical rhetorical devices)主要是指通过句⼦结构的均衡布局或是突出重点创造出来的修辞⼿法。
这类辞格主要包括repetition, rhetorical question, parallelism, antithesis, apostrophe （顿呼）等。
Anti-climax 渐降、突降法It is the opposite of Climax (渐升、层进法). A climbing down from strong to weak, from most impressive to less impressive. It is often used in humorous writing.1.For God, for American, and for Yale.2.The duties of a solider are to protect his country and peel potatoes.3.O dear!What shall I do?I have lost my beau and lipstick too.4.I love my motherland,I love my people,I love my wife and my son and my daughter,I also love my pretty little dog.幽默风趣讽刺嘲笑出⼈意料Climax 渐升、层进法A figure of speech in which a series of words or ideas is arranged in order of increasing importance.1.We’re low---we’re very low---we’re very very low, as low as low can be.2.The audience smiled, chuckled and finally howled.3.Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed anddigested.4.He who loses wealth loses much; he who loses a friend loses more; but he who loses courageloses all.5.The drunkard smashed the glasses, upturned the table, and hit an old woman.Rhetorical Question 修辞问句Asking a question whose answer is self-evident intended to stir emotions.A question requiring no answer.不需要回答,其答案寓于问句的反⾯, 其作⽤是加强语⽓,表达强烈的感情, 以引起读者或听者深思。
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1 Unit 1 Middle Eastern Bazaar 1. Onomatopoeia（拟声法）: is the formation of words in imitation or the sounds associated with the thing concerned. e.g. 1) Little monkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people (Para. 1) 2) the squeaking and rumbling (Para. 9) 2. Metaphor（隐喻）: is the use of a word or phrase which describes one thing by stating another comparable thing without using “as” or “like”. e.g. 1) the heat and glare of a big open square (Para. 1) 2)…until you rounded a corner and see a fairlyland of dancing flashes…. 3)…in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar (Para. 7) 3. alliteration（头韵）: is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters. e.g. 1) …thread their way among the throngs of people (Para. 1) 2)…the sellers, on the other hand, make a point of protesting 4. Hyperbole(夸张): is the use of a form of words to make sth sound big, small, loud and so on by saying that it is like something even bigger, smaller, louder, etc. e.g.or sit in a tiny restaurant with porters and…(Para. 7) quickly the trickle becomes a flood of glistening linseed oil (Para. 9) 5．Antithesis(对偶): is the setting, often in parallel structure, of contrasting words or phrases opposite each other for emphasis. e.g. 1) …a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a huge leather bellows…(Para. 5) 2) …which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stone wheels. (Para. 9) 6. Personification: a figure of speech in which inanimate objects are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form. e.g. …as the burnished copper catches the light of …(Para.5) 7. Assonance(尾韵) e.g. 1)… the squeaking and rumbling of the grinding wheels…. Unit 2 1.Metaphor: 暗喻 A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison. 暗喻是一种修辞，通常用指某物的词或词组来指代他物，从而暗示二者之间的相似之处。 1). And secondly, because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything in Nippon railways official might say. 2). …I was again crushed by the thought…(Page 13, Para. 4, Line 1) 3). …At last the intermezzo came to an end and…(Page 13, Para. 4, Line 1) 4). …when the meaning of these last words sank in, jolting me…(P15, P. 7, Lines 1~3) 2. alliteration（头韵）: is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters. 2
e.g. 1)the fast train in the world slipped to a stop…. 2)I feel sick,, and ever since then they have been testing and treating me …. 3. rhetorical question (反诘句) e.g. 1) Was I not at the scene of the crime? 4. Synecdoche: 提喻 A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole (a hand for sailor ), the whole for a part (as the law for police officer ), the specific for the general (as cutthroat for assassin ), the general for the specific (as thief for pickpocket ), or the material for the thing from which it is made (as steel for sword ). 举隅法，提喻法：一种修辞方法，以局部代表整体（如用手 代表 水手 ），以整体代表局部（如用 法律 代表 警官 ），以特殊代表一般（如用 直柄剃刀 代表 杀人者 ），以一般代表特殊（如用 贼 代表 扒手 ），或用原材料代表用该材料制造的东西（如用 钢 代表 剑 ） e.g.1) The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. (Para. 7) l ittle old Japan: traditional Japanese houses 2 )There were fresh bows, and the faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima was repeated .(synecdoche) 5. Metonymy: 换喻 A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of “Washington” for “the United States government” or of “the sword” for “military power”. e.g.1)换喻，转喻：一种一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法，如用“华盛顿” 代替 “美政府” 或用 “剑” 代替 “军事力量” The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. (Para. 7) the kimono and the miniskirt: the Japanese culture and the western culture 6. Irony：反语 The use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning to achieve the humorous and ironic effect. 反语：正话反说或反话正说以达到幽默和讽刺的效果。 e.g. 1）This way I look at them and congratulate myself on the good fortune that my illness has brought me. (P. 17) 7. Sarcasm讽刺 Sarcasm is an expression or cutting remark clearly meaning the opposite to what is felt. e.g. 1）Hiroshima—the “liveliest” City in Japan 2）If you want to write this city, do not forget to say that this city is the gayest city in Japan, even if… 8. Euphemism 委婉语 Speak with good words 把话说得好听些，婉转些，使听者感到愉快。 e.g. 1）Each day that I escape death, each day of suffering that helps to free me from