风险评估 PPT

理解风险的含义
风险评估 Risk Assessment
Understanding Risk
所谓风险指的是对人员和环境、生产损失、财产或设备损坏就程度、结果 、机率和发生频率进行的“一种潜在伤害的衡量”。 Risk is a ‘measure of potential harm’ to personnel and the environment, loss of production or damage to property or equipment, in terms of magnitude, consequence, probability and frequency of occurrence ‘多大? 多糟糕? 可能性? 频率？’
风险评估 Risk Assessment
风险评估 RISK ASSESSMENT
风险评估 Risk Assessment
Definition of Hazard 风险的定义
A hazard is a property or characteristic, of a process facility, piece of equipment, commodity or activity, that has the potential of causing harm. 风险指的是加工工具,物品或活动的一 种性质或特征,有潜在引起伤害的可能 性.
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行政管理 Administrative controls
人员防护设备 Personal Protective Equipment
风险评估 Risk Assessment
设计问题 Design issues
（效率方面） (in order of effectiveness) 避免由于设计单方面原因造成的危险。 Avoid the hazard by design alone 从源头遏止危险。 Combat the hazard at source
风险评估 Risk Assessment
风险管理 Manage the Risk
我们如何进行风险管理? How do we manage the risks?
危险管理
风险评估 Risk Assessment
Managing Hazards
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优良的设计 Good design
消除危险 Eliminate the hazard 工程技术 Engineering techniques
风险评估 Risk Assessment
风险评估
Risk Assessment
危险是在生活中客观存在的 Hazards are a fact of life……. • 风险评估可帮助我们确保这些危险不会造成事故和损失。 Risk Assessments help us to ensure that the hazards don’t cause incidents and losses; • 我们无法消除所有的危险， We may not be able to eliminate all of the hazards; • 但我们可以通过风险评估将事故发生的机率降到最低。 However we can minimize the probability of incidents occurring, through risk assessment.
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那我们为什么仍然愿意继续那些活动呢？ Why then are we still willing to go on with the activity?
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我们必然确信： We must believe … 1) 潜在后果可能性是极小的 The potential consequences are minor 及/或and / or 2) 后果实际发生的机率是很低的
风险评估 Risk Assessment
施工现场常见危险 Common Construction Site Hazards
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易燃材料 Flammable materials
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高空作业 Heights and elevated work
材料运送 Handling materials 化学品 Chemicals
我们必须对风险的重要性有着清楚的认识并尽量认知并掌握它们。 We need to have an idea of the importance of risks and to know as much about them as we can. 因此：So 我们可以就控制措施做出正确而经济有效的决定。 We can make decisions on controls which are both appropriate and cost effective.
风险评估 Risk Assessment
风险评估内容 Contents of Risk Assessments
• 已确认主要危险的描述 A statement of significant hazards identified • 所采取的控制措施以及控制力度。 The control measures in place and the extent at which they control the risk • 风险受众。 Who is exposed to the risk. • 可参考已执行的其他手册/安全文件。 Reference can be made to other manuals / safety documents in place.
The probability of the consequences actually occurring is slight
风险评估 Risk Assessment
风险评估 Risk Assessment
原因 WHY 我们进行了风险评估以制定控制措施。 Risk assessment is carried out to enable control measures to be devised.
机率 Probability 很可能 Probable 基本可能 Reasonably probable 机率较小 Remote 机率极小 Extremely remote
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应该指出的是，通过此类排序方式存在一定的缺陷，有些不同情况的打分 值可能会相同，因此，必须由那些具有丰富经验、合格称职的人员进行审 核。 It should be noted that ranking systems of this kind introduce their own problems. Some situations produce the same scores and therefore should only be reviewed by experienced competent personnel.
‘How big,how bad, how likely,how often’
理解风险的含义
风险评估 Risk Assessment
Understanding Risk
几乎所有事都会有一定程度的相关风险，比如： Almost everything we do has some degree of risk associated with it, for example :
大流量交通 High traffic volume 工具和装置 Tools and devices 同时施工 Simultaneous activities
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高压 High pressures
高噪音区域 High noise areas 工人多 High volume of workers 其他 Any others ?
What makes it ok for you carry on with these activities, knowing
they carry a risk?
理解风险的含义
风险评估 Risk Assessment
Understanding Risk
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虽然我们知道没有一件事是绝对安全的！！！ Even though nothing is absoluห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ely safe !!!
风险评估 Risk Assessment
按风险性进行危险排序 Ranking hazard by risk
根据反映情况最严重的第一手资料排出危险主次顺序。 What is looked for is a priority list of hazards on a worst first basis 按照发生机率和严重性对风险的相对重要性进行分类。 Probability and severity are used to categorise the relative importance of risks.
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高低压电气设施 Low and high voltage electricity
机械／设备 Machinery / equipment
风险评估 Risk Assessment
施工现场常见危险（续） Common Construction Site Hazards continued...
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严重程度 Severity 灾难性的 Catastrophic 临界性的 Critical 边缘性的 Marginal 受伤或受损 Injury or damage 迫在眉睫的危险 Imminent danger 严重受伤以及财产或设备严重受损。 Serious injury, property or equipment damage 可导致疾病、受伤以及设备受损。但应不严重。 Can cause illness, injury equipment damage. Not expected to be to serious 不会导致严重伤病或急救。 Will not result in serious injury or illness, first aid. 级别 Rating 3 2