高中英语真题-2014高考英语阅读理解、完形填空类训练(11)及答案

高中英语真题:2014高考英语阅读理解、完形填空类训练（11）及答案阅读理解Technology has been an encouragement of historical ch ange. It acted as such a force in England heginning in the eight eenth century, and across the entire Western World in the ninet eenth. Rapid advances were made in the use of scientific findin gs in the manufacture (制造)of goods, which hanged ide as about work. Onc of the first c hanges was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power. Along with this came the increased use of mach ines to manufacture products in less time. People also develop ed machines that could produce the same parts for a product: e ach nail was exactly like every other nail. meaning that each nai l could be changed for every other nail. This means that goods could be mass production, ahhough mass production required b reaking production down into smaller and smaller tasks.Oncc this was done, workers no longer started on the produ ct and lahored to complete it. Instead, they might work only one thousandth of it, other workers completing their own parls in ce rtain order.There is nothing strange about this manufacturing work by toda y's standards. Highly skilled workers were unable to com pare with the new produciion techniques, as mass production allowe d goods of high standard to be produced in greater num- ber th an could ever be done by hand. But the skilled workers wasn't t he only loser, thc common workers lost too. Similar changes fo rced fanners a way. The increased mechanization (械化) of agriculture freed masses of workers from ploughing the la nd and harvesting its crops. They had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers. Increasingly, standards were set by machines. Workers no longer owned thei r own tools, their skill was no longer valued, and pride in their w ork was no longer possible. Workers fed, looked after and repa ired the machines that could work faster than humans at greatly reduced cost.1. In this passage, which of the following is NOT considered asa change caused by tile use of scientific findings in the producti on of goods?A. Other forms of energy have taken the place of human pow er.B. The increased exploitation of workers in the 19th century.C. The increased use of machines to make products in less ti me.D. The use of machines producing parts of the same stand ar d.答案：B 指导：由文中第一段可知。

2. The underlined word "this" in the first paragraph refers to____ _____.A. the use of scientific findingsB. the practice of producing the same parts for a productC. the human power being replaced by other forms of energyD. the technology becoming the encouragement of historical c hange答案：C 指导：由于其他“能”代替了“人力”，从而使“机器”生产出现。

所以C为正确答案。

3. The underlined word "this"in the second paragraph refers to t he change that______.A. each nail could be taken tile place of by every other nailB. each nail was exactly like every other nailC. producing tasks became smaller and smallerD. goods could lie mass produced答案：D 指导：由于产品成批生产，所以产生工人只做千分之一的工作。

故D为正确答案。

****************************************************************结束You’re out to dinner. The food is delicious and the service is fin e. You decide to leave a big fat tip. Why? The answer may not be as simple as you think.Tipping, psychologists have found, is not just about service. Inst ead, studies have shown that tipping can be affected by psycho logical reactions to a series of different factors from the waiter’s choice of words, to how they carry themselves while taking orde rs, to the bill’s total. Even how much waiters remind customers of themselves can determine how much change they pocket by the end of the night.“Studies before have shown that mimicry (模仿) brings into positive feelings for the mimicker,” wrote Rick va n Baaren, a social psychology professor. “These studies show t hat people who are being mimicked become more generous to ward the person who mimics them.”So Rick van Baaren divided 59 waiters into two groups. He req uested that half serve with a phrase such as, “Coming up!” Tho se in the other half were instructed to repeat the orders and pref erences back to the customers. Rick van Baaren then compare d their take-home. The results were clear — it pays to mimic your customer.The copycat(模仿者) waiters earned almost double the amount of tips to the other group.Leonard Green and Joel Myerson, psychologists at Washington University in St. Louis, found the generosity of a tipper may be limited by his bill. After research on the 1,000 tips left for waiter s, cabdrivers, hair stylists, they found tip percentages in these t hree areas dropped as customers’ bills went up. In fact, tip perc entages appear to plateau (达到稳定水平) when bills topped $100 and a bill for $200 made the worker gain no bigger percentage tip than a bill for $100.“That’s also a point of tipping,” Green says. “You have to give a little extra to the cab driver for being there to pick you up and so mething to the waiter for being there to serve you. If they weren’t there, you’d never get any service. So part of the idea of a tip i s for just being there.”45. Apart from service, how many other factors affecting the cu stomers’ tipping are mentioned in the passage?A. 1.B. 2.C. 3.D. 4.46. These studies show that _________.A. tipping can be affected by physical reactions to many differe nt waiter’s factorsB. people who are being mimicked usually tip less to the person who mimics themC. the mimic waiters can get almost twice as much money as th e other groupD. mimicry makes the mimicker feel bad47. According to the passage, which of the following will be likel y to show the right change of the tip percentages?A B CD48. We know from the passage that the writer seems to _______ ___.A. object to Mr. Green’s idea about tippingB. think part of Mr. Green’s explanation is reasonableC. give his generous tip to waiters very oftenD. support the opinions of Mr. Green and Rick van Baaren abou t tipping参考答案45-48 CBAC******************************************************结束I promised Michael I wouldn’t mention this until the season was over．Now l think it's time．Early last season, I wrote a column about an art of kindness I had seen Jordan do to a disabled child outside the stadium．A fter it ran，I got a call from a man in the western suburbs．He said，“I read what you wrote about Jordan．but I thought I should tell you another thing I saw．”Here it comes, I thought. It always does. Write something nice a bout a person, and people call you up to say that the person is not so nice.A few weeks later Jordan and I were talking about something else before a game, and I brought up what the man had said. Was the man right? Had Jordan really been talking to those two boys in that poor and dirty neighborhood?"Not two boys," Jordan said. "But four."And he named them. He said four names. And what did they talk about?"Everything,” Jordan said. " Anything. I’ve asked to see their grades so that I can check to see if they're paying attention to th eir study. If it turns out that one or two of them may need teaching, I make sure they get it."It's just one more part of Michael Jordan's life，one more thing that no one knows about, and one more thing J ordan does fight for. The NBA season is over now, and those b oys have their memories. So do J! When the expert reviewers b egin to turn against Jordan as they surely will, I'll think about tho se boys under the streetlight, waiting for the man they know to c ome. For someone they can depend on.57. The writer wrote this story about Jordan and his young frien ds because _______A. he thought highly of Jordan's deedsB. he hated to see Jordan do something badC. he believed it was time to help the disabledD. he felt sure he needn't keep the promise then58. A man in the western suburbs made a call to_______A. know why Jordan stopped in a bad areaB. get a chance to become famous himselfC. let the writer know Jordan was not that niceD. offer an example to show how Jordan helped others59. Jordan talked with the boys because he _______.A. needed their supportB. had promised to do soC. liked to teach them to play basketballD. wanted to make sure they all studied well60. The text implies that Jordan is _______.A. an excellent basketball playerB. good at dealing with problems of lifeC. always ready to make friends with young peopleD. willing to do whatever he can for the good of society参考答案 57～60 ACDD******************************************************结束（A）To Chinese immigrants, in the mid-1800s, California was “The Land of the Golden Mountain.” In th eir homeland they had heard the words, “There’s gold in Califor nia.” They sailed 7,000 miles to join the gold rush and strike it ri ch. Between 1849 and 1882, more than 30,000 Chinese came t o California. Most were men. They had been farmers in China. They came here to be miners and laborers. They ended up doing many other jobs, too.Like many other immigrants, they did not plan to stay in Americ a. They came because of their ties to their homeland and their f amilies. They planned to return to China with their fortunes and help their families.Only a few Chinese gold miners struck it rich. Most picked over the areas that had been mined already. But still, white miners re sented the Chinese. Slowly, they drove the “yellow peril” from th e mining camps.By the end of the 1850s, many Chinese returned home. Those who stayed found other jobs.Few women had come west in the gold rush. The Chinese saw a good business opportunity. They began doing the jobs wome n would have done. Many became house servants. Many more opened laundries.The Chinese opened restaurants. Chop suey and show mein ar e popular Chinese-American dishes. The Chinese probably created these dishes t o serve to the white miners.Other Chinese became fishermen, farmers, and even cigar mak ers.41. Why did Chinese go to America in the mid-1800s?A. Because they could find good jobs there.B. Because they had found gold there.C. Because they could open laundries and restaurants there.D. Because they heard there was gold there.42. The underlined word “resented” mean “________”.A. likedB. helpedC. hatedD. served43. Which of the following was NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Some Chinese became drivers.B. Many Chinese opened shops to help wash clothes.C. Many Chinese picked gold around the old mines.D. Many Chinese returned to China by the end of the 1850s.44. Which should be the title of the passage?A. Early Chinese immigrants in AmericaB. Dream to strike it richC. The difference between men and womenD. Gold miners in America参考答案41---44DCAA***********************************************************结束完形填空 (共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36---55各题所给的四个选项A﹑B﹑C﹑D中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。