江苏2014各地高考模拟考试完型填空题收集1
2014年江苏省高考英语试题解析版
2014年江苏省高考英语试题(附解析）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分,满分7.5分）听下面5段对话.每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10称钟的时间来回答有关小题如阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt？A。
￡19。
15。
B. ￡9.18。
C。
￡9.15。
答案是C。
1. What does the woman want to do?A. Find a place. B。
Buy a map。
C。
Get an address。
2. What will the man do for the woman？A。
Repair her car.B。
Give her a ride。
.C. Pick up her aunt.3。
Who might Mr。
Peterson be?A。
A new professor。
B. A department head。
C. A company director。
4. What does the man think of the book?A. Quite difficult。
.B。
Very interesting.C. Too simple.5。
What are the speakers talking about？A. Weather.B. Clothes.C。
News.第二节（共15小题;每小题1．5分，满分22．5分）听下面5段对话或独白.每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置.听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
2014年高考江苏卷试题及答案
南通数学网 初高中课件、教案、习题应有尽有 2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）解析版数学Ⅰ江苏苏州 何睦 江苏扬州 孟伟业 江苏南京 王刚 整理提供一、填空题：本大题共14小题，每小题5分，共计70分．请把答案填写在答题卡相应位置上．．．．．．．．． 1. 已知集合A ={4,3,1,2--}，}3,2,1{-=B ，则=B A I ▲ . 【答案】{1,3}-【解析】由题意得{1,3}A B =-I 【考点】交集、并集、补集 (B).2. 已知复数2)i 25(+=z (i 为虚数单位)，则z 的实部为 ▲ . 【答案】21【解析】由题意2(52i)=25+20i 42120i z =+-=+，其实部为21. 【考点】复数的概念 (B).3. 右图是一个算法流程图，则输出的n 的值是 ▲ . 【答案】5【解析】本题实质上就是求不等式220n>的最小整数解，220n>整数解为5n ≥，因此输出的5n =. 【考点】流程图 (A).4. 从1，2，3，6这4个数中一次随机地取2个数，则所取2个数的乘积为6的概率是 ▲ . 【答案】13【解析】从1，2，3，6这4个数中任取2个数共有246C =种取法，其中乘积为6的有1,6和2,3两种取法，因此所求概念为2163P ==. 【考点】古典概型 (B).5. 已知函数x y cos =与)2sin(ϕ+=x y (0≤πϕ<)，它们的图象有一个横坐标为3π的交点，则ϕ的值是 ▲ . 【答案】6π 【解析】由题意cos sin(2)33ππϕ=⨯+，即21sin()32πϕ+=， 所以2236k ππϕπ+=+或252()36k k ππϕπ+=+∈Z ，即22k πϕπ=-或2()6k k πϕπ=+∈Z . 又0ϕπ≤<，所以6πϕ=.【考点】函数sin()y A x ωϕ=+的图象与性质 (B)，三角函数的概念(B). （三角函数图象的交点与已开始 0←n 1+←n n 202>n输出n 结束 （第3题）NY知三角函数值求角）6. 设抽测的树木的底部周长均在区间[80，130]上，其频率分布直方图如图所示，则在抽测的60株树木中，有 ▲ 株树木的底部周长小于100cm. 【答案】24【解析】由题意在抽测的60株树木中，底部周长小于100cm 的株数为(0.015+0.025)⨯10⨯60=24. 【考点】总体分布的估计 (A). （频率分布直方图）7. 在各项均为正数的等比数列}{n a 中，,12=a 4682a a a +=，则6a 的值是 ▲ .【答案】4【解析】设公比为q ，因为21a =，则由8642a a a =+得6422q q q =+，4220q q --=， 解得22q =或21q =-（舍），所以4624a a q ==. 【考点】等比数列 (C). （等比数列的通项公式）8. 设甲、乙两个圆柱的底面分别为1S ，2S ，体积分别为1V ，2V ，若它们的侧面积相等，且4921=S S ，则21V V 的值是 ▲ . 【答案】32【解析】设甲、乙两个圆柱的底面和高分别为1r 、1h ，2r 、2h ，则112222r h r h ππ=，1221h r h r =， 又21122294S r S r ππ==，所以1232r r =，则222111111212222222221232V r h r h r r r V r h r h r r r ππ==⋅=⋅==. 【考点】柱、锥、台、球的表面积与体积 (A).9. 在平面直角坐标系xOy 中，直线032=-+y x 被圆4)1()2(22=++-y x 截得的弦长 为 ▲ . 255【解析】圆4)1()2(22=++-y x 的圆心为(2,1)C -，半径为2r =，点C 到直线230x y +-=的距离为2222(1)3512d +⨯--==+，所求弦长为2292552245l r d =-=-【考点】直线与圆、圆与圆的位置关系 (B). （直线与圆相交的弦长问题）10. 已知函数2()1f x x mx =+-，若对于任意]1,[+∈m m x ，都有0)(<x f 成立，则实数m 的取值范围是 ▲ .组距频率100 80 90 110 0.0100.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 底部周长/cm（第6题）【答案】2,0⎛⎫- ⎪⎪⎝⎭【解析】画出二次函数的分析简图：由图象分析可得结论：开口向上的二次函数()f x在[],m n上恒小于0的充要条件为()0,()0.f mf n<⎧⎨<⎩开口向下的二次函数()f x在[],m n上恒大于0的充要条件为()0,()0.f mf n>⎧⎨>⎩22()0,2(1)0.230.2mf mmf mm⎧<<⎪⎛⎫<⎧⎪⇒⇒∈ ⎪⎨⎨ ⎪+<⎩⎝⎭⎪-<<⎪⎩. （江苏苏州何睦）【考点】一元二次不等式(C). （一元二次方程根的分布、二次函数的性质）【变式】变式1已知函数,1)(2-+=mxxxf若对于任意()1,+∈mmx，都有0)(<xf成立，则实数m的取值范围是__________ . ⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡-0,22（江苏苏州何睦）变式 2 已知函数,1)(2-+=mxxxf若对于任意[)1,+∈mmx，都有0)(<xf成立，则实数m的取值范围是__________ .⎥⎦⎤⎝⎛-0,22（江苏苏州何睦）变式3 已知函数,1)(2-+=mxxxf若存在]1,[+∈mmx，使得0)(<xf成立，则实数m的取值范围是__________ . ⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛-22,23（江苏苏州何睦）变式 4 已知函数12)(2++=xxxf，若存在实数t，当],1[mx∈时，xtxf≤+)(恒成立，则实数m的最大值是__________ . 4 （江苏苏州陈海锋）变式5 若关于x的不等式012≥-++mmxx恒成立，则实数=m________. 2（江苏苏州陈海锋）变式6 设)(xf是定义在R上的奇函数，且当0≥x时,2)(xxf=,若对任意的]2,[+∈t tx，不等式)(2)(xftxf≥+恒成立，则实数t的取值范围是________.[)+∞,2（江苏苏州陈海锋）11. 在平面直角坐标系xOy中，若曲线xbaxy+=2(a，b为常数)过点)5,2(-P，且该曲线在点P处的切线与直线0327=++y x 平行，则b a +的值是 ▲ . 【答案】3-【解析】曲线2b y ax x =+过点(2,5)P -，则452ba +=-①，又22b y ax x '=-，所以7442b a -=-②，由①、②解得1,2.a b =-⎧⎨=-⎩所以3a b +=-.【考点】导数的几何意义 (B).12. 如图，在平行四边形ABCD 中，已知8AB =，5AD =，3CP PD =u u u r u u u r ，2AP BP ⋅=u u ur u u u r ，则AB AD ⋅u u u r u u u r 的值是 ▲ . 【答案】22【解析】解法一：（基底法）考虑将条件中涉及的,AP BP u u u r u u u r向量用基底,AB AD u u u r u u u r表示，而后实施计算.14AP AD DP AD AB =+=+u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r ，34BP BC CP AD AB =+=-u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r .则2213132()()44216AP BP AD AB AD AB AD AD AB AB ⋅==+⋅-=-⋅-u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r .因为8,5AB AD ==，则3122564162AB AD =-⨯-⋅u u ur u u u r ，故22AB AD ⋅=u u u r u u u r . （江苏苏州 何睦）解法二：（坐标法）不妨以A 点为坐标原点，AB 所在直线作为x 轴建立平面直角坐标系，可设(0,0),(8,0),(.),(2,),(8,)A B D a t P a t C a t ++，则(2,)AP a t =+u u u r ，(6,)BP a t =-u u u r. 由2AP BP ⋅=u u u r u u u r，得22414a t a +-=，由5AD =，得2225a t +=，则411a =，所求822AB AD a ⋅==u u u r u u u r. （江苏苏州 何睦）【考点】平面向量的加法、减法及数乘运算 (B)，平面向量的数量积 (C).13. 已知)(x f 是定义在R 上且周期为3的函数，当)3,0[∈x 时，21()22f x x x =-+. 若函数a x f y -=)(在区间]4,3[-上有10个零点(互不相同)，则实数a 的取值范围是 ▲ .【答案】10,2⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭【解析】作出函数21()2,[0,3)2f x x x x =-+∈的图象，可知1(0)2f =，当1x =时，1()2f x =极大，7(3)2f =，方程()0f x a -=在[3,4]x ∈-上有10个零点，即函数()y f x =的图象与直线y a =在[3,4]-上有10个交点，由于函数()f x 的周期为3，因此直线y a =与函数21()2,[0,3)2f x x x x =-+∈的图象有4个交点，则10,2a ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭. A B DP（第12题）（江苏扬州 孟伟业）【考点】函数与方程 (A)，函数的基本性质 (B). （函数的零点，周期函数的性质，函数图象的交点问题）14. 若△ABC 的内角满足C B A sin 2sin 2sin =+，则C cos 的最小值是 ▲ . 62-【解析】由正弦定理得22a b c =，由余弦定理结合基本不等式有： 2222222222231231(2242242cos 2222a b a b a b a b a b cC abab ab ab ++-+++-====2231226242a b -≥=，当且仅当6a =时等号成立. （江苏苏州 何睦） 【考点】正弦定理、余弦定理及其应用 (B)，基本不等式 (C). 变式1 △ABC 中，角A ，B ，C 所对边的长分别为a ，b ，c ，若a 2＋b 2＝2c 2，则cos C 的最小值为________.21（江苏无锡 张芙华） 变式2 △ABC 中，a ，b ，c 分别是角A ，B ，C 所对的边，若A CB B AC C B A cos sin sin cos sin sin cos sin sin +=，若2ab c的最大值为_______. 23（江苏无锡 张芙华） 变式3 在△ABC 中，设AD 为BC 边上的高，且AD = BC ，b ，c 分别表示角B ，C 所对的边长，则b cc b+的取值范围是________． []5,2 （江苏苏州 陈海锋）变式4 已知三角形ABC ∆的三边长c b a ,,成等差数列，且84222=++c b a ，则实数b 的取值范围是_________. (]72,62（江苏南通 丁勇）拓展 在△ABC 中，已知(),0,1m n ∈，且sin sin sin m A n B C +=，求cos C 的最小值. 解：由正弦定理得ma nb c +=，由余弦定理结合基本不等式有：222222222(1)(1)21cos [(1)(1)]222a b c m a n b mnab a bC m n mnab ab b a+--+--===-+--22(1)(1)m n mn --.（当且仅当2222(1)(1)m a n b -=-时等号成立）.（江苏常州 封中华）二、解答题：本大题共6小题，共计90分．请在答题卡指定区域．．．．．．．内作答，解答时应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤． 15. (本小题满分14分)已知),2(ππα∈，55sin =α.(1)求)4sin(απ+的值；(2)求)265cos(απ-的值.【解析】本小题主要考查三角函数的基本关系式、两角和与差及二倍角的公式，考查运算求解能力.满分14分.(1) 因为α∈π,π2⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭，sin α5，所以cos α＝2251sin α-.故sin π4α⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭＝sin π4cos α＋cos π4sin α2252510⎛+= ⎝⎭. (2) 由(1)知sin2α＝2sin αcos α＝525425⎛=- ⎝⎭， cos2α＝1－2sin 2α＝1－25325⨯=⎝⎭，所以cos 5π5π5π2cos cos 2sin sin 2666ααα⎛⎫-=+ ⎪⎝⎭＝3314433525⎛+⎛⎫⨯+⨯-= ⎪ ⎝⎭⎝⎭【考点】同角三角函数的基本关系式 (B)，两角和（差）的正弦、余弦及正切 (C)，二倍角的正弦、余弦及正切 (B)，运算求解能力.16. (本小题满分14分)如图，在三棱锥ABC P -中，D ，E ，F 分别为棱AB AC PC ,,的中点.已知AC PA ⊥，6PA =，8BC =，5DF =.求证：(1) 直线//PA 平面DEF ；(2) 平面⊥BDE 平面ABC .【解析】本小题主要考查直线与直线、直线与平面以及平面与平面的位置关系，考查空间想象能力和推理论证能力. 满分14分.(1) 因为D ，E 分别为棱PC ，AC 的中点， 所以DE ∥PA .又因为PA ⊄ 平面DEF ，DE ⊂平面DEF ， 所以直线PA ∥平面DEF .(2) 因为D ，E ，F 分别为棱PC ，AC ，AB 的中点， PA ＝6，BC ＝8，所以DE ∥PA ，DE ＝12PA ＝3，EF ＝12BC ＝4. 又因为DF ＝5，故DF 2＝DE 2＋EF 2，（第16题）PDCEFBA所以∠DEF ＝90°，即DE 丄EF . 又PA ⊥AC ，DE ∥PA ，所以DE ⊥AC .因为AC ∩EF ＝E ，AC ⊂平面ABC ，EF ⊂平面ABC ， 所以DE ⊥平面ABC .又DE ⊂平面BDE ，所以平面BDE ⊥平面ABC .【考点】直线与平面平行、垂直的判定及性质 (B)，两平面平行、垂直的判定及性质 (B)，空间想象能力和推理论证能力.17. (本小题满分14分)如图，在平面直角坐标系xOy 中，21,F F 分别是椭圆22221(0)x y a b a b+=>>的左、右焦点，顶点B的坐标为),0(b ，连结2BF 并延长交椭圆于点A ，过点A 作x 轴的垂线交椭圆于另一点C ，连结C F 1.(1) 若点C 的坐标为)31,34(，且22=BF ，求椭圆的方程；(2) 若1F C AB ⊥，求椭圆离心率e 的值.【解析】本小题主要考查椭圆的标准方程与几何性质、直线与直线的位置关系等基础知识，考查运算求解能力. 满分14分.设椭圆的焦距为2c ，则1(,0)F c -，2(,0)F c .(1) 因为()0,B b ，所以222BF b c a =+=，又22BF =故2a =因为点41,33C ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭在椭圆上，所以22161991a b +=，解得21b =.故所求椭圆的方程为2212x y +=.(2) 解法一（官方解答）：（垂直关系的最后表征）因为()0,B b ，2(,0)F c 在直线AB 上， 所以直线AB 的方程为1x yc b+=. 解方程组22221,1,x y c b x y a b ⎧+=⎪⎪⎨⎪+=⎪⎩ 得()2122221222,a c x a c b c a y a c ⎧=⎪+⎪⎨-⎪=⎪+⎩， 220,.x y b =⎧⎨=⎩ 所以点A 的坐标为22222222(),a c b c a a c a c ⎛⎫- ⎪++⎝⎭. 又AC 垂直于x 轴，由椭圆的对称性，可得点C 的坐标为22222222(),a c b a c a c a c ⎛⎫- ⎪++⎝⎭. 因为直线1F C 的斜率为()()()22222222322023b a c b a c a c a c a c c c a c ---+=+--+，直线AB 的斜率为b c-，且1F C AB ⊥， 所以()222313b a c b a c c c -⎛⎫⋅-=- ⎪+⎝⎭，又222b a c =-，整理得225a c =. F 1 F 2Oxy BCA故215e =，因此5e =.解法二：（垂直关系的先行表征）设000012(,),(.),(,0),(,0)C x y A x y F c F c --， 由1,FC AB ⊥得001y b x c c ⋅=-+-，由A 在2BF 上，则001x y c b-+=； 联立20000,.cx by c bx cy bc ⎧-=-⎪⎨-=⎪⎩解得：20222022,2.ca x b c bc y b c ⎧=⎪⎪-⎨⎪=⎪-⎩又00(,)C x y 在椭圆上，代入椭圆方程整理得2242224(2)c a c a c +=-，即225a c =， 所以椭圆的离心率为5e =【考点】中心在坐标原点的椭圆的标准方程与几何性质 (B)，直线的平行关系与垂直关系 (B)，直线方程 (C)，运算求解能力. （椭圆的标准方程、椭圆的离心率）18. (本小题满分16分)如图，为了保护河上古桥OA ，规划建一座新桥BC ，同时设立一个圆形保护区. 规划要求：新桥BC 与河岸AB 垂直；保护区的边界为圆心M 在线段OA 上并与BC 相切的圆. 且古桥两端O 和A 到该圆上任意一点的距离均不少于80m. 经测量，点A 位于点O 正北方向60m 处，点C 位于点O 正东方向170m 处(OC 为河岸)，34tan =∠BCO . (1) 求新桥BC 的长；(2) 当OM 多长时，圆形保护区的面积最大？【解析】本小题主要考查直线方程、直线与圆的位置关系和解三角形等基础知识，考查建立数学模型及运用数学知识解决实际问题的能力. 满分16分.解法一（官方解法一）：(1) 如图，以O 为坐标原点，OC 所在直线为x 轴， 建立平面直角坐标系xOy . 由条件知()()0,60,170,0A C ， 直线BC 的斜率4tan 3BCk BCO =-∠=-.170 m60 m 东北OA BM C170 m60 m xyOA BM C（第18题）又因为AB BC ⊥，所以直线AB 的斜率34AB k =. 设点B 的坐标为(),a b ，则041703BC b k a -==--，60304AB b k a -==-解得80,120a b ==.所以22(17080)(0120)150BC -+-. 因此新桥BC 的长为150m.(2) 设保护区的边界圆M 的半径为r m ，OM d = m (060)d ≤≤. 由条件知，直线BC 的方程为4(170)3y x =--，即436800x y +-=.由于圆M 与直线BC 相切，故点()0,M d 到直线BC 的距离是r ，即2236806803543d dr --==+. 因为O 和A 到圆M 上任意一点的距离均不少于80 m ， 所以80(60)80r d r d -≥⎧⎨--≥⎩，，即68038056803(60)80.5dd d d -⎧-≥⎪⎪⎨-⎪--≥⎪⎩，解得1035d ≤≤.故当10d =时，68035dr -=最大，即圆面积最大. 所以当OM = 10 m 时，圆形保护区的面积最大.解法二（官方解法二）：(1) 如图，延长OA ，CB 于点F . 因为4tan 3FOC ∠=，所以4sin 5FOC ∠=，3cos 5FOC ∠=.因为OA = 60，OC = 170，所以680tan 3OF OC FOC =∠=，850cos 3OC CF FOC ==∠. 从而5003AF OF OA =-=.因为OA OC ⊥，所以4cos sin 5AFB FCO ∠=∠=.又因为AB BC ⊥，所以400cos 3BF AF AFB =∠=.从而150BC CF BF =-=.因此新桥BC 的长为150 m.(2) 设保护区的边界圆M 与BC 的切点为D ，连接MD ，则MD BC ⊥，且MD 是圆M 的半径，并设MD r = m ，OM d = m (060)d ≤≤. 因为OA OC ⊥，所以sin cos CFO FCO ∠=∠. 故由(1)知3sin 68053MD MD r CFO MF OF OM d ∠====--，所以68035dr -=. 因为O 和A 到圆M 上任意一点的距离均不少于80 m ，170 m60 m xyOA BM C（第18题）F D所以80(60)80,r d r d -≥⎧⎨--≥⎩, 即68038056803(60)80.5dd d d -⎧-≥⎪⎪⎨-⎪--≥⎪⎩,解得1035d ≤≤.故当10d =时，68035dr -=最大，即圆面积最大. 所以当OM =10 m 时，圆形保护区的面积最大.(1)的解法三：连结AC ，由题意知6tan 17ACO ∠=，则由两角差的正切公式可得： 2tan tan()3ACB BCO ACO ∠=∠-∠=，故cos 150BC ACB AC =∠⋅= m. 所以新桥BC 的长度为150m. （江苏苏州 何睦）(2)的解法三：设BC 与圆切于点N ，连接MN ，过点A 作//AH BC 交MN 于点H . 设OM a =，则60AM a =-，由古桥两端O 和A 到该圆上任意一点的距离均不少于80 m ， 那么80(60)80r a r a -≥⎧⎨--≥⎩，解得1035a ≤≤. 由4tan tan 3AMH OCN ∠=∠=，可得3(60)5MH a =-，由(1)的解法二可得100AB =，所以33100(60)13655MN x x =+-=-+，故MN 即圆的半径的最大值为130，当且仅当10a =时取得半径的最大值.综上可知，当10OM = m 时，圆形保护区的面积最大. （江苏兴化 顾卫）【考点】直线方程 (C)，直线与圆、圆与圆的位置关系 (B)，解三角形 (B)，建立数学模型及运用数学知识解决实际问题的能力.19. (本小题满分16分)已知函数x x x f -+=e e )(，其中e 是自然对数的底数. (1) 证明：)(x f 是R 上的偶函数；(2) 若关于x 的不等式)(x mf ≤1e -+-m x 在),0(+∞上恒成立，求实数m 的取值范围；(3) 已知正数a 满足：存在),1[0+∞∈x ，使得)3()(030x x a x f +-<成立. 试比较1e -a 与1e -a 的大小，并证明你的结论.【解析】本小题主要考查初等函数的基本性质、导数的应用等基本知识，考查综合运用数学思想方法分析与解决问题的能力. 满分16分.(1) 因为对任意x ∈R ，都有()()()e e e e xx x x f x f x -----=+=+=，所以()f x 是R 上的偶函数.(2) 解法一（官方解答）：由条件知()()e e 1e 10,x x x m --+-≤-+∞在上恒成立. 令e (0)x t x =>，则1t >，所以21111111t m t t t t -≤-=--+-++-对于任意1t >成立.因为()()1111211311t t t t -++≥-⋅=--，所以1113111t t -≥--++-， 当且仅当2t =，即ln2x =时等号成立.因此实数m 的取值范围是1,3⎛⎤-∞- ⎥⎝⎦.解法二：考虑不等式两边同乘x e ，则不等式转化为2[(e )1]1(1)e x x m m +≤+-在(0,)+∞上恒成立. 令e (1)x t t =>，则问题可简化为：2(1)10mt m t m +-+-≤在()1,t ∈+∞上恒成立. 构造函数2()(1)1g t mt m t m =+-+-，由图象易得当0m ≥时不符合题意. 当0m <时，11,2(1)0.m m g -⎧≤⎪⎨⎪<⎩或11,21()0.2m m m g m-⎧≥⎪⎪⎨-⎪<⎪⎩解得13m ≤-.综上可知，实数m 的取值范围为1(,]3-∞-. （江苏苏州 陈海锋）(3) 令函数()()31e 3e x x g x a x x =+--+，则()()21e 31e x x g x a x '=-+-.当1x ≥时，1e 0ex x ->，210x -≥，又0a >，故()0g x '>，所以()g x 是[)1,+∞上的单调增函数，因此()g x 在[)1,+∞上的最小值是()11e e 2g a -=+-.由于存在[)01,x ∈+∞，使0030e e (3)0x x a x x -+--+<成立，当且仅当最小值()10g <， 故1e e 20a -+-<，即1e e 2a -+>.令函数()(e 1)ln 1h x x x =---，则()e 11h x x-'=-，令()0h x '=，得e 1x =-. 当()0,e 1x ∈-时，()0h x '<，故()h x 是()0,e 1-上的单调减函数. 当()e 1,x ∈-+∞时，()0h x '>，故()h x 是()e 1,-+∞上的单调增函数. 所以()h x 在()0,+∞上的最小值时()e 1h -.注意到()()1e 0h h ==，所以当()()1,e 10,e 1x ∈-⊆-时，()()()e 110h h x h -≤<=. 当()()e 1,e e 1,x ∈-⊆-+∞时，()()e 0h x h <=，所以()0h x <对任意的()1,e x ∈成立. ①当()1e e ,e 1,e 2a -⎛⎫+∈⊆⎪⎝⎭时，()0h a <，即()1e 1ln a a -<-，从而1e 1e a a --<； ②当e a =时，1e 1e a a --=；③当()e,(e 1,)a ∈+∞⊆-+∞时，()()e 0h a h >=，即()1e 1ln a a ->-，故1e 1e a a -->.综上所述，当1e e ,e 2a -⎛⎫+∈⎪⎝⎭时，1e 1e a a --<，当e a =时，1e 1e a a --=，当()e,a ∈+∞时，1e 1e a a -->. (3)的民间思路：难题分解1：如何根据条件求出参数a 的取值范围？ 分解路径1：直接求函数的最值.解：令30000()()(3)g x f x a x x =--+，只要在0[1,)x ∈+∞上，0min ()0g x <即可. 002200()1'()3(1)x x e g x a x e-=+-. 当01x =时，0'()0g x =.； 当01x >时，2010x ->，02()10x e ->，则0'()0g x >.故在区间[1,)+∞上，0'()0g x ≥，即函数0()g x 为[1,)+∞的增函数，则1min 0()(1)20g x g e e a -==+-<，解得12e e a -+>.（江苏苏州 何睦）分解路径2：参数分离可以吗？解：欲使条件满足，则)03x ⎡∈⎣，此时3030x x -+>，则0300()3f x a x x >-+， 构造函数00300()()3f x g x x x =-+，即求此函数在03x ⎡∈⎣上的最小值. 0003200003200()(3)()(33)()(3)o x x x x e e x x e e x g x x x ----+-+-+'=-+. 因为03x ⎡∈⎣，000032000,30,0,330x x x x e e x x e e x --->-+>+>-+<， 则000032000()(3)()(33)0x x x x e e x x e e x ----+-+-+>. 则0()0g x '>在03x ⎡∈⎣上恒成立，故10min()(1)2e e g x g -+==， 故12e e a -+>（江苏苏州 何睦）难题分解2：如何根据求得的参数a 的取值范围比较1e -a 与1e -a 的大小？ 分解路径1：（取对数）1-a e 与1-e a 均为正数，同取自然底数的对数， 即比较(1)ln a e -与(1)ln e a -的大小，即比较ln 1e e -与ln 1aa -的大小. 构造函数ln ()(1)1xh x x x =>-，则211ln ()(1)x x h x x --'=-， 再设1()1ln m x x x =--，21()xm x x-'=，从而()m x 在(1,)+∞上单调递减， 此时()(1)0m x m <=，故()0h x '<在(1,)+∞上恒成立，则ln ()1xh x x =-在(1,)+∞上单调递减.当12e e a e -+<<时，11e a a e -->；当a e =时，11a e e a --=；当a e >时，11e a a e --<.（江苏苏州 何睦） 分解路径2：（变同底，构造函数比大小） 要比较1ea -与e 1a-的大小，由于e 1(1)ln e aae--=，那么1[(1)ln (1)]1e e a a a a e e-----=，故只要比较1a -与(1)ln e a -的大小.令()(1)ln (1)h x e x x =---，那么1'()1e h x x-=-. 当1x e >-时，'()0h x <；当01x e <<-时，'()0h x >.所以在区间(0,1)e -上，()h x 为增函数；在区间(1,)e -+∞上，()h x 为减函数.又()0h e =，(1)0h =，则(1)0h e ->，1()02e e h -+>；那么当12e e a e -+<<时，()0h a >，()1h a e >，11e a a e -->；a e >当a e ≥时，()0h a ≤，()01h a e <≤，11e a a e --≤.综上所述，当12e e a e -+<<时，11e a a e -->；当a e =时，11a e e a --=；当时，11e a a e --<. （江苏苏州 王耀）【考点】函数的基本性质 (B)，利用导数研究函数的单调性与极值 (B)，综合运用数学思想方法分析与解决问题的能力.20. (本小题满分16分)设数列}{n a 的前n 项和为n S .若对任意正整数n ，总存在正整数m ，使得m n a S =，则称}{n a 是“H 数列”.(1) 若数列}{n a 的前n 项和n n S 2=(∈n N *)，证明：}{n a 是“H 数列”；(2) 设}{n a 是等差数列，其首项11=a ，公差0<d . 若}{n a 是“H 数列”，求d 的值； (3) 证明：对任意的等差数列}{n a ，总存在两个“H 数列”}{n b 和}{n c ，使得n n n c b a += (∈n N *)成立.【解析】本小题主要考查数列的概念、等差数列等基础知识，考查探究能力及推理论证能力. 满分16分.(1) 证明：由已知，当1n ≥时，111222n n n n n n a S S +++=-=-=，于是对任意的正整数n ，总存在正整数1m n =+，使得2n n m S a ==，所以{}n a 是“H 数列”.(2) 解法一（官方解答）：由已知，得2122S a d d =+=+，因为{}n a 是“H 数列”，所以存在正整 数m ，使得2m S a =，即()211d m d +=+-，于是()21m d -=.因为0d <，所以20m -<，故1m =，从而1d =-. 当1d =-时，2n a n =-，()32n n n S -=是小于2的整数，*n ∈Ν.于是对任意的正整数n ，总存在正整数()3222n n n m S -=-=-，使得2n m S m a =-=，所以{}n a 是“H 数列”，因此d 的值为1-.解法二：由{}n a 是首项为1的等差数列，则1(1)m a m d =+-，22n n n S n d -=+，又数列是“H 数列”，不妨取2n =时，存在满足条件的正整数m ，使得1(1)2m d d +-=+，即(2)1m d -=，（i ）当3m ≥时，此时0d >，不符合题意，应舍去； （ii ）当2m =时，不存在满足条件的d ；（iii ）当1m =时，1d =-. 此时数列{}n a 的通项公式为2n a n =-， 下面我们一起来验证{}n a 为“H 数列”:2n a n =-；232n n n S -=，此时2432n n m -+=，容易验证m 为正整数. （江苏苏州 何睦） 解法三：由题意设1(1)m a m d =+-；又等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和22n n nS n d -=+；由题意知对任意正整数n ，总存在正整数m ，使得n m S a =，21(1)2n nm d n d -+-=+（*）；那么m 随着n 的变化而变化，可设满足函数关系式()m f n =.又0d <，那么要使（*）对任意自然数n 恒成立，则21()2m f n n Bn C ==++；代入得：221(1)(1)222d n n d Bnd d Cd n d ++-+=-+，即有1210d Bd d Cd ⎧=-⎪⎨⎪-+=⎩； 又当1n =时，1m n ==，即112B C ++=，由此可以解得3,22B C =-=,1d =-. 此时2n a n =-. （江苏苏州 王耀）解法四：,n m n N S a ∀∈=，所以1(2)n m S a n '-=≥，由题意得1n n S S -≤，所以m m a a '≤，即m m '≥. 对于任意的n ，存在,m m '使得n m m a a a '=-， 即1(1)1(1)[1(1)]n d m d m d '+-=+-=+-， 化简可得11n m m d'=--+.（*） 当1d <-时，此时1d不是整数，此时（*）式不满足； 当10d -<<时，此时11d ->，而0m m '-≥，所以113n m m d'=--+≥恒成立，不对n N ∀∈恒成立，所以1d =-. （江苏兴化 顾卫）解法五：由}{n a 是首项为1的等差数列，且数列}{n a 是“H 数列”，则2221S a a =+>，又0d <，所以22111S a a =+==，则20a =，从而211d a a =-=-，此时2n a n =-，21322n S n n =-+，由n m S a =得，2342n n m -+=为正整数，从而数列}{n a 是“H 数列”.（江苏常州 封中华） (3) 解法一（官方解答）：设等差数列{}n a 的公差为d ， 则()()()*11111()n a a n d na n d a n =+-=+--∈Ν. 令()()11,1n n b na c n d a ==--，则*()n n n a b c n =+∈Ν. 下证{}n b 是“H 数列”.设{}n b 的前n 项和为n T ，则()()*112n n n T a n +=∈Ν， 于是对任意的正整数n ，总存在正整数()12n n m +=，使得n m T b =，所以{}n b 是“H 数列”. 同理可证{}n c 也是“H 数列”.所以，对任意的等差数列{}n a ，总存在两个“H 数列” {}n b 和{}n c ，使得*()n n n a b c n =+∈Ν成立.解法二：由(2)的解答过程可知：等差数列{}n b 中若111b d =-时, {}n b 是“H 数列”， 则1111(1)2n b b n d b b n =+-=-. 同理等差数列{}n c 中若121c d =时，{}n c 是“H 数列”，121(1)n c c n d c n =+-=. 任意的等差数列{}n a ，则可表示为n a An B =+. 令11b c A -+=，12b B =，此时12B b =，12B c A =+.所以对任意的等差数列{}n a ，总存在两个等差“H 数列”{}n b 和{}n c ， 使得*()n n n a b c n N =+∈成立.【考点】数列的概念 (A)、等差数列 (C)，探究能力及推理论证能力.数学Ⅱ（附加题）21．【选做题】本题包括A 、B 、C 、D 四小题，请选定其中两题，并在相应的答题区域内作答．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．若多做，则按作答的前两题评分．解答时应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤． A ．[选修4—1：几何证明选讲]（本小题满分10分）如图，AB 是圆O 的直径，C 、D 是圆O 上位于AB 异侧的两点． 证明：∠ OCB ＝∠ D ．【解析】本小题主要考查圆的基本性质，考查推理论证能力. 本小题满分10分.证明：因为,B C 是圆O 上的两点，所以OB OC =. 故OCB B ∠=∠.又因为,C D 是圆O 上位于AB 异侧的两点， 故,B D ∠∠为同弧所对的两个圆心角， 所以B D ∠=∠. 因此OCB D ∠=∠.B ．[选修4—2：矩阵与变换]（本小题满分10分）已知矩阵A 121x -⎡⎤=⎢⎥⎣⎦，B 1121⎡⎤=⎢⎥-⎣⎦，向量2y ⎡⎤=⎢⎥⎣⎦α，x ，y 为实数．若=A αB α，求x ＋y 的值． 【解析】本小题主要考查矩阵的乘法等基础知识，考查运算求解能力. 本小题满分10分.解：由已知，得1222212y x y xy --+⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤==⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥+⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦A α，1122214y y y +⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤==⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥--⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦B α. 因为=A αB α，所以22224y y xy y -++⎡⎤⎡⎤=⎢⎥⎢⎥+-⎣⎦⎣⎦，故222,24,y y xy y -+=+⎧⎨+=-⎩ 解得1,24.x y ⎧=-⎪⎨⎪=⎩ 所以72x y +=.(第21—A 题)C ．[选修4—4：坐标系与参数方程]（本小题满分10分） 在平面直角坐标系xOy 中，已知直线l 的参数方程21,2)(2;x t y ⎧=⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩为参数，直线l 与抛物线24y x=相交于A 、B 两点，求线段AB 的长．【解析】本小题主要考查直线的参数方程、抛物线的标准方程等基础知识，考查运算求解能力. 本小题满分10分.解法一（官方解答）：将直线l 的参数方程21,22x y ⎧=⎪⎪⎨⎪=+⎪⎩代入抛物线方程24y x =， 得222(2)4(1)22+=-. 解得120,2t t ==-所以1282AB t t =-=解法二：将直线l 的参数方程化为直角坐标方程为3x y +=，联立方程组23,4x y y x +=⎧⎨=⎩解得12x y =⎧⎨=⎩，或97.x y =⎧⎨=-⎩，即交点,A B 分别为()1,2和()9,6-，所以22(19)(26)8 2.AB =-++= （江苏镇江 陈桂明） 解法三：将直线l 的参数方程化为直角坐标方程为3x y +=，联立方程组23,4,x y y x +=⎧⎨=⎩ 消去y 有21090x x -+=，则121210,9x x x x +==.所以2212121()411100368 2.AB k x x x x =++-+-=（江苏镇江 陈桂明）D ．[选修4—4：不等式证明选讲]（本小题满分10分） 已知x ＞0，y ＞0，证明：22(1)(1)9x y x y xy ++++≥．【解析】本小题主要考查算术－几何平均不等式,考查推理论证能力.本小题满分10分.证明：因为0,0x y >>，所以223130x y xy ++≥， 故222233(1)(1)339x y x y xy x y xy ++++≥.【必做题】第22、23题，每小题10分，共计20分．请在答题卡指定区域．．．．．．．内作答，解答时应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤． 22. (本小题满分10分)盒中共有9个球，其中有4个红球，3个黄球和2个绿球，这些球除颜色外完全相同． (1) 从盒中一次随机取出2个球，求取出的2个球颜色相同的概率P ；(2) 从盒中一次随机取出4个球，其中红球、黄球、绿球的个数分别记为x 1、x 2、x 3， 随机变量X 表示x 1、x 2、x 3中的最大数，求X 的概率分布和数学期望E (X )．【解析】本小题主要考查排列与组合、离散型随机变量的均值等基础知识，考查运算求解能力. 满分10分.解：(1) 取出的2个颜色相同的球可能是2个红球、2个黄球或2个绿球，所以222432296315.3618C C C P C ++++=== (2) 随机变量X 的所有可能的取值为2,3,4.{}4X =表示的随机事件是取到的4个球是4个红球，故44491(4)126C P X C ===；{}3X =表示的随机事件是取到的4个球是3个红球和1个其它颜色的球，或3个黄球和1个其它颜色的球，故313145364913(3)63C C C C P X C +===；于是13111(2)1(3)(4)1.6312614P X P X P X ==-=-==--= 所以随机变量X 的概率分布如下表：X 2 3 4 P111413631126因此随机变量X 的数学期望120()234.14631269E X =⨯+⨯+⨯=23. (本小题满分10分)已知函数sin ()(0)xf x x x=>，设()n f x 是1()n f x -的导数，n ∈*N ． (1) 求12πππ2()()222f f +的值；(2) 证明：对于任意n ∈*N ，等式1πππ2()()444n n nf f -+=都成立．【解析】本题主要考查简单的复合函数的导数，考查探究能力及应用数学归纳法的推理论证能力.(1) 解：由已知102sin cos sin ()()()x x x f x f x x x x''===-， 故21223cos sin sin 2cos 2sin ()()()x x x x x f x f x x x x x x '⎛⎫''==-=--+ ⎪⎝⎭，所以12234216(),()22f f πππππ=-=-+，即122f π⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭＋2122f ππ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭.(2) 证明一（官方解法）：由已知得：0()sin xf x x =，等式两边分别对x 求导：00()()cos f x xf x x '+=， 即01()()cos sin()2f x xf x x x π+==+，类似可得：122()()sin sin()f x xf x x x π+=-=+，2333()()cos sin()2f x xf x x x π+=-=+， 344()()sin sin(2)f x xf x x x π+==+.下面用数学归纳法证明等式1()()sin()2n n n nf x xf x x π-+=+对所有的n *∈Ν都成立. (ⅰ) 当1n =时，由上可知等式成立；(ⅱ) 假设当n k =时等式成立，即1()()sin()2k k k kf x xf x x π-+=+. 因为[]111()()()()()(1)()()k k k k k k k kf x xf x kf x f x kf x k f x xf x --+'''+=++=++， (1)sin()cos()()sin 2222k k k k x x x x ππππ'+⎡⎤⎡⎤'+=++=+⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦， 所以1(1)(1)()()sin 2k k k k f x xf x x π++⎡⎤++=+⎢⎥⎣⎦.因此当1n k =+时，等式成立.综合(ⅰ)，(ⅱ)可知等式1()()sin()2n n n nf x xf x x π-+=+对所有的n *∈Ν都成立. 令4x π=，可得1()()sin()()44442n n n nf f x n πππππ*-+=+∈Ν.所以12)444n n nf f n πππ*-⎛⎫⎛⎫+=∈ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭Ν. 解法二：令=)(x g n *1),()(N n x xf x nf n n ∈+-所以x x xf x f x g cos )()()(101=+=，又)()()()1()()()()(111x g x xf x f n x f x x f x f n x g n n n n n n n++-=++='++'=' 故ΛΛ,sin )(,cos )(,sin )()(4312x x g x x g x x g x g -=-=-='= 所以)()(4x g x g n n =+，即22)4(=πn g ，命题得证.（江苏南通陆王华）。
2014年江苏英语高考试卷含答案和解析
2014年高考英语试题（江苏卷）第一部分听力(共两节,满分20 分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 (共5小题;每小题1分,满分5 分)听下面5 段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例: How much is the shirt?A. £ 19.15.B. £ 9.18.C. £ 9. 15.答案是C。
1. What does the woman want to do?A. Find a place.B. Buy a map.C. Get an address.2. What will the man do for the woman?A. Repair her car.B. Give her a ride.C. Pick up her aunt.3. Who might Mr. Peterson be?A. A new professor.B. A department head.C. A company director.4. What does the man think of the book?A. Quite difficult.B. Very interesting.C. Too simple.5 . What are the speakers talking about?A. Weather.B. Clothes.C. News.第二节(共15 小题;每小题1 分,满分15 分)听下面5 段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5 秒钟;听完后,各小题给出5 秒钟的作答时间。
江苏省苏州市2014界高三英语一模试题
江苏省苏州市2014届高三第一次模拟考试英语第一部分：听力（共两节，满分20分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Where are the two people during the conversation?A. In a bus.B. In a plane.C. In a train.2. What does the woman say about the hat?A. The hat is quite fashionable.B. People may use it day and night.C. The hat can be worn in different weather.3. What are the two people discussing?A. Setting the table.B. Cleaning the kitchen.C. Decorating a shop window.4. What is the most probable job of the woman?A. A professor.B. A saleswoman.C. An apartment manager.5. Why can't the woman have lunch with the man?A. Because she doesn't want to.B. Because she will be terribly busy.C. Because she will have lunch with somebody else第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）听下面5段对话或独白。
(完整版)2014江苏高考英语试卷及答案,推荐文档
2014江苏高考英语试卷一、单项选择例: It is generally considered unwise to give a child ________ he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever答案是B。
1．Lessons can be learned to face the future, ________ history cannot be changed.A. thoughB. asC. sinceD. unless2．The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work ________ a good impression is a must.A. whichB. whenC. asD. where3．—How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?—Well, the media ________ it in a variety of forms.A. coverB. will coverC. have coveredD. covered4．Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay ________.A. in placeB. in orderC. in shapeD. in fashion5．Top graduates from universities are ________ by major companies.A. chasedB. registeredC. offeredD. compensated6．—What a mess! You are always so lazy!—I’m not to blame, mum. I am ________ you have made me.A. howB. what \C. thatD. who7．She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful ________ in last year’s election.A. symbolB. portraitC. identityD. statue8．The idea “happiness, ” ________, will not sit still for easy definit ion.A. to be rigidB. to be sureC. to be perfectD. to be fair9．The lecture ________, a lively question-and-answer session followed.A. being givenB. having givenC. to be givenD. having been given 10．—Dad, I don’t think Oliver the right sort of person for the job.—I see. I’ll go right away and ________.A. pay him backB. pay him offC. put him awayD. put him off11．It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, ________ bring me food.A. mightB. wouldC. shouldD. could12．I can’t meet you on Sunday. I’ll be ________ occupied.A. alsoB. justC. neverthelessD. otherwise13．Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to ________ the soul of Qu Yuan.A. rememberB. remindC. recoverD. recall14．Good families are much to all their members, but ________ to none.A. somethingB. anythingC. everythingD. nothing15．—________ ! Somebody has left the lab door open.—Don’t look at me.A. Dear meB. Hi, thereC. Thank goodnessD. Come on二、完形填空Dale Carnegie rose from the unknown of a Missouri farm to international fame because he found a way to fill a universal human need.It was a need that he first back in 1906 when young Dale was a junior at State Teachers College in Warrensburg. To get an , he was struggling against many difficulties. His family was poor. His Dad couldn’t afford the at college, so Dale had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes. Study had to be done his farm-work routines. Hewithdrew from many school activities he didn’t have the time or the . He had only one good suit. He tried the football team, but the coach turned him down for being too . During this period Dale was slowly an inferiority complex （自卑感）, which his mother knew could him from achieving his real potential. She that Dale join the debating team, believing that in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.Dale took his mother’s advice, tried desperately and after several attempts made it. This proved to be a point in his life. Speaking before groups did help him gain the he needed. By the time Dale was a senior, he had won every top honor in . Now other students were coming to him for coaching and they, , were winning contests.Out of this early struggle to his feelings of inferiority, Dale came to understand that the ability to an idea to an audience builds a person’s confidence. And, it, Dale knew he could do anything he wanted to do—and so could others.16．A. admitted B. filled C. supplied D. recognized 17．A. assignment B. education C. advantage D. instruction 18．A. training B. board C. teaching D. equipment 19．A. between B. during C. over D. through20．A. while B. when C. because D. though21．A. permits B. interest C. talent D. clothes22．A. on B. for C. in D. with23．A. light B. flexible C. optimistic D. outgoing24．A. gaining B. achieving C. developing D. obtaining25．A. prevent B. protect C. save D. free26．A. suggested B. demanded C. required D. insisted27．A. presence B. practice C. patience D. potential28．A. hopefully B. certainly C. finally D. naturally29．A. key B. breaking C. basic D. turning30．A. progress B. experience C. competence D. confidence 31．A. horse-riding B. football C. speech D. farming32．A. in return B. in brief C. in turn D. in fact33．A. convey B. overcome C. understand D. build34．A. express B. stress C. contribute D. repeat35．A. besides B. beyond C. like D. with三、阅读理解A36．Why did the BeauxArts style attract American entrepreneurs?A. It helped display their money status.B. It was created by famous architects.C. It was named after a famous institute.D. It represented the 19th century urban culture.37．What is unique of SieMatic BeauxArts?A. Its designs are anti-conventional.B. Its designs come from famous structures.C. Its customers can enjoy their own composition.D. Its customers can choose from various new styles.BHowever wealthy we may be, we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we want. Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost, which simply refers to whether someone’s time or money could be better spent on something else.Every hour of our time has a value. For every hour we work at one job we could quite easily be doing another, or be sleeping or watching a film. Each of these options has a different opportunity cost—namely, what they cost us in missed opportunities.Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it will take you a couple of hours to get to and from the stadium. Why not, you might reason, watch the game from home and use the leftover money and time to have dinner with friends? This—the alternative use of your cash and time—is the opportunity cost.For economists, every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgo—in terms of money and enjoyment—in order to take it up. By knowing precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing out on, you ought to be able to make better-informed, more reasonable decisions. Consider that most famous economic rule of all: there’s no such thing as a free lunch. Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free, the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities.Some people find the idea of opportunity cost extremely discouraging: imagine spending your entire life calculating whether your time would be better spe nt elsewhere doing something more profitable or enjoyable. Yet, in a sense it’s human nature to do precisely that—we assess the advantages and disadvantages of decisions all the time.In the business world, a popular phrase is “value for money.” People wan t their cash to go as far as possible. However, another is fast obtaining an advantage: “value for time.” The biggest restriction on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to something, so we look to maximize the return we get on our investment of time. By reading this passage you are giving over a bit of your time which could be spent doing other activities, such as sleeping and eating. In return, however, this passage will help you to think like an economist, closely considering the opportunity cost of each of your decisions.38．According to the passage, the concept of “opportunity cost” is applied to ________.A. making more moneyB. taking more opportunitiesC. reducing missed opportunitiesD. weighing the choice of opportunities39．The “leftover ... time” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to the time ________.A. spared for watching the match at homeB. taken to have dinner with friendsC. spent on the way to and from the matchD. saved from not going to watch the match40．What are forgone opportunities?A. Opportunities you forget in decision-making.B. Opportunities you give up for better ones.C. Opportunities you miss accidentally.D. Opportunities you make up for.CMost damagingly, anger weakens a person’s ability to think c learly and keep control over his behaviour. The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger.Not everyone experiences anger in the same way; what angers one person may amuse another. The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces. In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated. We no longer regard duels （决斗）as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person’s awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another.Anger can be identified in the brain, where the electrical activity changes. Under most conditions EEG （脑电图）measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal （额叶前部）areas. Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition （意向）that most of us possess most of the time. But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren’t balanced and, as a result of this, we’re likely to react. And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions, whether positive or negative.Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour: we move closer to people we like. Most negative emotions, in contrast, are associated with avoidance behaviour: we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious. But anger is an exception to this pattern. The angrier we are, the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as of ensive anger: the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger. This approach-and-confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry （不对称）of EEG activity. Interestingly, this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy （同感）towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response. In defensive anger, in contrast, the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation. 41．The “duels” example i n Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger ________.A. usually has a biological basisB. varies among peopleC. is socially and culturally shapedD. influences one’s thinking and evaluation 42．What changes can be found in an angry brain?A. Balanced electrical activity can be spotted.B. Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas.C. Electrical activity corresponds to one’s behaviour.D. Electrical activity agrees with one’s disposition.43．Which of the following is typical of offensive anger?A. Approaching the source of anger.B. Trying to control what is disliked.C. Moving away from what is disliked.D. Feeling helpless in the face of anger. 44．What is the key message of the last paragraph?A. How anger differs from other emotions.B. How anger relates to other emotions.C. Behavioural responses to anger.D. Behavioural patterns of anger.D45．Why is June 6, 1990 a special day for Mommy?A. Her dream of being a mother came true.B. She found her origin from her Chinese mother.C. She wrote the letter to her daughter.D. Her female line was well linked.46．How does Mommy feel about her being given away?A. It is bitter and disappointing.B. It is painful but understandable.C. She feels sorry but sympathetic.D. She feels hurt and angry.47．What does “I stood out like a sore thumb” in Paragraph 5 mean?A. I walked clumsily out of pains.B. I was not easy to love due to jealousy.C. I was impatient out of fear.D. I looked different from others.48．What can be inferred from Mommy’s Anglo family life?A. She used to experience an identity crisis.B. She fought against her American identity.C. She forgot the pains of her early years.D. She kept her love for Asia from childhood.49．Why did Mommy name her daughter “Shao-ming?”A. To match her own birth-name.B. To brighten the lives of the family.C. To identify her with Chinese origin.D. To justify her pride in Chinese culture.50．By “Your past is more complete than mine,” Mommy means ________.A. her past was completed earlier than Shao-ming’sB. Shao-ming has got motherly care and a sense of rootsC. her mother didn’t comfort her the way she did Shao-mingD. her past was spent brokenly, first in Asia, then in the US六、阅读填空51．请阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
江苏2014各地模拟考试完型填空题收集2
2014江苏高考英语模拟题完型填空题收集2完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Standing on the top of a church tower not far from our home in Rome, Father said to me, "Look down, Elsa." I gathered all my 36 and looked down. I saw the crisscross（十字形）of twisting, turning streets 37 to the square in the centre of the village.“See, my dear,” Father said gently. "There is more than one way to the square. Life is like that. If you can’t get where you want to go by one road, try 38 ."Now I understood why I was there. Earlier that day I had begged my mother to do something about the 39 lunches that were served at school. But she 40 because she could not believe the lunches were so bad.When I turned to Father for help, he would not 41 . Instead, he brought me to this high tower to give me a lesson. By the time we reached home, I had a(n) 42 .At school the next day, I secretly 43 my lunch soup into a bottle and brought it home. Then I 44 the cook into serving it to Mother at dinner. The plan worked 45 . She swallowed one spoonful and sputtered（喷溅）, "The cook must have gone mad!" Quickly I told her what I had done, and Mother stated firmly that she would 46 the matter of lunches at school the next day!In the years that followed I often remembered the 47 Father taught me. I knew where I wanted to go in life — to be a fashion designer. And on the way to my first small success I found the road 48 .I was busy getting ready to 49 my winter fashions. Then just 13 days before the presentation the sewing girls were called out on strike. I felt so depressed that I was 50 that we would have to cancel the presentation 51 show the clothes unfinished. Then it dawned on me. Why not show the clothes unfinished?We worked hurriedly and the showing took place as 52 . Some coats had no sleeves; others had only one. Many of our clothes were only 53 made of heavy cotton cloth. But on these we pinned sketches and pieces of material. In this way we were able to show what colors and textures the clothes would have when they were finished. It was our 54 showing that caught the attention of the public, and 55 for the clothes poured in.Father’s wise words had guided me once again. There is more than one way to the square always.36. A. strength B. breath C. courage D. belief37. A. linking B. appealing C. taking D. leading38. A. each B. another C. none D. the other39. A. awful B. special C. fascinating D. delicious40. A. regretted B. agreed C. complained D. refused41. A. comment B. submit C. oppose D. handle42. A. conclusion B. plan C. rest D. image43. A. drank B. spat C. poured D. flowed44. A. talked B. forced C. sent D. urged45. A. terribly B. naturally C. perfectly D. shortly46. A. get through B. take up C. look into D. make up47. A. class B. lesson C. story D.idea48. A. occupied B. smoothed C. blocked D. widened49. A. show B. provide C. follow D. lead50. A. curious B. doubtful C. determined D. sure51. A. apart from B. or else C. rather than D. or rather52. A. usual B. supposed C. scheduled D. unexpected53. A. patterns B. colours C. drags D. scarves54. A. meaningful B. common C. ordinary D. unusual55. A. criticisms B. orders C. designs D. Budgets完型题答案：36-55：CDBAD ABCAC BBCAD BCADB。
2014完型江苏卷
八（2014江苏卷）Dale Carnegie rose from the unknown of a Missouri farm to international fame because he found a way to fill a universal human need.It was a need that he first 36 back in 1906 when young Dale was a junior at StateTeachers College in Warrensburg. To get an 37 he was struggling against many difficulties. His family was poor. His Dad couldn't afford the 38 at college, so Dale had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes. Study had to be done 39 his farm-work routines. He withdrew from many school activities 40 he didn't have the time or the 41 .He had only one good suit. He tried 42 the football team, but the coach turned him down for being too 43 During this period Dale was slowly 44 an inferiority complex (自卑感), which his mother knew could 45 him from achieving his real potential. She 46 that Dale join the debating team, believing that 47 in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.Dale took his mother's advice, tried desperately and after several attempts 48 made it. This proved to be a 49 point in his life. Speaking before groups did help him gain the 50 he needed. By the time Dale was a senior, he had won every top honor in 51 .Now other students were coming to him for coaching and they, 52 , were winning contests.Out of this early struggle to 53 his feelings of inferiority. Dale came to understand that the ability to 54 an idea to an audience builds a person's confidence. And, 55 it. Dale knew he could do anything he wanted to do—and so could others.36. A. admitted B. filled C. supplied D. recognized37. A. assignment B. education C. advantage D. instruction38. A. training B. board C. teaching D. equipment39. A. between B. during C. over D. through40. A. while B. when C. because D. though41. A. permits B. interest C. talent D. clothes42.A. on B. for C. in D. with43. A. light B. flexible C. op timistic D. outgoing44. A. gaining B. achieving C. developing D. obtaining45. A. prevent B. protect C. save D. free51. A. horse-riding B. football C. speech D. farming52. A. in return B. in brief C. in turn D. in fact53.A. convey B. overcome C. understand D. build54. A. express B. stress C. contribute D. repeat55. A. besides B. beyond C. like D. with46. A. suggested B. demanded C. required D. insisted47. A. presence B. practice C. patience D. potential48. A. hopefully B. certainly C. finally D. naturally49. A. key B. breaking C. basic D. turning50. A. progress B. experience C. competence D. confidence【考点】考察人生哲理类完型填空【文章大意】人生中最重要的是要拥有自己。
2014年江苏省高考英语试卷(含解析)
2014年江苏省高考英语试卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）1．（1分）What does the woman want to do？A．Find a place B．Buy a map C．Get an address．2．（1分）What will the man do for the woman？A．Repair her car．B．Give her a ride．C．Pick up her aunt．3．（1分）Who might Mr．Peterson be？A．A new professor．B．A department head．C．A company director．4．（1分）What does the man think of the book？A．Quite difficult．B．Very interesting．C．Too simple．5．（1分）What are the speakers talking about？A．Weather B．Clothes．C．News．6．（2分）听第6段材料，回答6、7题．6．Why is Harry unwilling to join the woman？A．He has a pain in his knee．B．He wants to watch TV．C．He is too lazy．7．What will the woman probably do next？A．Stay at home．B．Take Harry to hospital．C．Do some exercise．8．（2分）听第7段材料，回答第8、9题．8．When will the man be home from work？A．At 5：45．B．At 6：15．C．At 6：50．9．Where will the speakers go？A．The Green House Cinema．B．The New State Cinema．C．The UME Cinema．10．（3分）听第8段材料，回答第10至12题．10．How will the speakers go to New York？A．By air．B．By taxi．C．By bus．11．Why are the speakers making the trip？A．For business．B．For shopping．C．For hoilday．12．What is the probable relationship between the speakers？A．Driver and passenger．B．Husband and wife．C．Fellow workers．13．（4分）听第9段材料，回答第13～16题．13．Where does this conversation probably take place？A．In a restaurant．B．In an office．C．In a classroom．14．What does John do now？A．He's a trainer．B．He's a tour guide．C．He's a college student．15．How much can a new person earn for the first year？A.10，500．B.12，000．C.15，000．16．How many people will the woman hire？A．Four．B．Three．C．Two．17．（4分）听第10段材料，回答第17至20题．17．How long has the speaker lived in a big city？A．One year．B．Ten years．C．Eighteen years．18．What is the speaker's opinion on public transport？A．It's comfortable．B．It's time﹣saving．C．It's cheap．19．What is good about living in a small town？A．It's safer．B．It's healthier．C．It's more convenient．20．What kind of life does the speaker seem to like most？A．Busy．B．Colourful．C．Quiet．第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分15分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）请阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．21．（1分）Lessons can be learned to face the future，________ history cannot be changed．（）A．though B．as C．since D．unless22．（1分）The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work ________ a good impression is a must．（）A．where B．when C．as D．which23．（1分）﹣How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held inNanjing？﹣Well，the media ________ it in a variety of forms．（）A．cover B．will cover C．have covered D．covered24．（1分）Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push﹣ups too to stay ________．（）A．in place B．in order C．in shape D．in fashion25．（1分）Top graduates from universities are ________ by major companies．（）A．chased B．registered C．offered D．compensated26．（1分）﹣What a mess!You are always so lazy!﹣I'm not to blame，mum．I am ________ you have made me．（）A．how B．what C．that D．who27．（1分）She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful ________ in last year's election．（）A．symbol B．portrait C．identity D．statue28．（1分）The idea"happiness，"________，will not sit still for easy definition．（）A．to be rigid B．to be sureC．to be perfect D．to be fair29．（1分）The lecture ________，a lively question﹣and﹣answer session followed．（）A．being given B．having givenC．to be given D．having been given30．（1分）﹣Dad，I don't think Oliver the right sort of person for the job．﹣I see．I'll go right away and ________．（）A．pay him back B．pay him off C．put him away D．put him off31．（1分）It was sad to me that they，so poor themselves，________ bring me food．（）A．might B．would C．should D．could32．（1分）I can't meet you on Sunday．I'll be ________ occupied．（）A．also B．just C．nevertheless D．otherwise33．（1分）Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to ________ the soul of Qu Yuan．（）A．remember B．remind C．recover D．recall34．（1分）Good families are much to all their members，but ________ to none．（）A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing35．（1分）﹣________!Somebody has left the lab door open．﹣Don't look at me．（）A．Dear me B．Hi，thereC．Thank goodness D．Come on第二节：完形填空（共1小题；每小题20分，满分20分）请阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．36．（20分）Dale Carnegie rose from the unknown of a Missouri farm to international fame because he found a way to fill a universal human need．It was a need that he first （36）back in 1906when young Dale was a junior at State Teachers College in Warrensburg．To get an （37），he was struggling against many difficulties．His family was poor．His Dad couldn't afford the（38）at college，so Dale had to ride horseback 12miles to attend classes．Study had to be done （39）his farm﹣work routines．He withdrew from many school activities （40）he didn't have the time or the （41）．He had only one good suit．He tried（42）the football team，but the coach turned him down for being too （43）．During this period Dale was slowly（44）an inferiority complex （自卑感），which his mother knew could （45）him from achieving his real potential．She（46）that Dale join the debating team，believing that （47）in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed．Dale took his mother's advice，tried desperately and after several attempts（48）made it．This proved to be a（49）point in his life．Speaking before groups didhelp him gain the（50）he needed．By the time Dale was a senior，he had won every top honor in（51）．Now other students we re coming to him for coaching and they，（52），were winning contests．Out of this early struggle to （53）his feelings of inferiority，Dale came to understand that the ability to （54）an idea to an audience builds a person's confidence．And，（55）it，Dale knew he could do anything he wanted to do ﹣and so could others．36．A．admitted B．filled C．supplied D．recognized 37．A．assignment B．education C．advantage D．instruction 38．A．training B．board C．teaching D．equipment 39．A．between B．during C．over D．through 40．A．while B．when C．because D．though 41．A．permits B．interest C．talent D．clothes 42．A．on B．for C．in D．with 43．A．light B．flexible C．optimistic D．outgoing 44．A．gaining B．achieving C．developing D．obtaining 45．A．prevent B．protect C．save D．free 46．A．suggested B．demanded C．required D．insisted 47．A．presence B．practice C．patience D．potential 48．A．hopefully B．certainly C．finally D．naturally 49．A．key B．breaking C．basic D．turning 50．A．progress B．experience C．competence D．confidence51．A．horse﹣riding B．football C．speech D．farming 52．A．in return B．in brief C．in turn D．in fact 53．A．convey B．overcome C．understand D．build 54．A．express B．stress C．contribute D．repeat 55．A．besides B．beyond C．like D．with第三部分：阅读理解（共4小题；每小题4分，满分30分）请阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．56．（4分）56．Why did the BeauxArts style attract American entrepreneurs？A．It helped display their money status．B．It was created by famous architects．C．It was named after a famous institute．D．It represented the 19th century urban culture．57．What is unique of SieMatic BeauxArts？A．Its designs are anti﹣conventional．B．Its designs come from famous structures．C．Its customers can enjoy their own composition．D．Its customers can choose from various new styles．58．（6分）However wealthy we may be，we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we want．Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost，which simply refers to whether someone's time or money could be better spent on something else．Every hour of our time has a value．For every hour we work at one job we could quite easily be doing another，or be sleeping or watching a film．Each of these options has a different opportunity cost﹣namely，what they cost us in missed opportunities．Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it will take you a couple of hours to get to and from the stadium．Why not，you might reason，watch the game from home and use the leftover money and time to have dinner with friends？This﹣the alternative use of your cash and time﹣is the opportunity cost．For economists，every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgo﹣in terms of money and enjoyment﹣in order to take it up．By knowing precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing out on，you ought to be able to make better﹣informed，more reasonable decisions．Consider that most famous economic rule of all：there's no such thing as a free lunch．Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free，the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities．Some people find the idea of opportunity cost extremely discouraging：imagine spending your entire life calculating whether your time would be better spent elsewhere doing something more profitable or enjoyable．Yet，in a sense it's human nature to do precisely that﹣we assess the advantages and disadvantages of decisions all the time．In the business world，a popular phrase is"value for money．"People want their cash to go as far as possible．However，another is fast obtaining an advantage："value fortime．"The biggest restriction on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to something，so we look to maximize the return we get on our investment of time．By reading this passage you are giving over a bit of your time which could be spent doing other activities，such as sleeping and eating．In return，however，this passage will help you to think like an economist，closely considering the opportunity cost of each of your decisions．58．According to the passage，the concept of"opportunity cost"is applied to．A．making more moneyB．taking more opportunitiesC．reducing missed opportunitiesD．weighing the choice of opportunities59．The"leftover…time"in Paragraph 3probably refers to the time．A．spared for watching the match at homeB．taken to have dinner with friendsC．spent on the way to and from the matchD．saved from not going to watch the match60．What are forgone opportunities？A．Opportunities you forget in decision﹣making．B．Opportunities you give up for better ones．C．Opportunities you miss accidentally．D．Opportunities you make up for．61．（8分）Most damagingly，anger weakens a person's ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour．The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger．Not everyone experiences anger in the same way；what angers one person may amuse another．The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces．In contemporary culture，physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated．We no longerregard duels （决斗）as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person's awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another．Anger can be identified in the brain，where the electrical activity changes．Under most conditions EEG （脑电图）measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal （额叶前部）areas．Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even﹣handed disposition （意向）that most of us possess most of the time．But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren't balanced and，as a result of this，we're likely to react．And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions，whether positive or negative．Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour：we move closer to people we like．Most negative emotions，in contrast，are associated with avoidance behaviour：we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious．But anger is an exception to this pattern．The angrier we are，the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger．This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as of ensive anger：the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger．This approach﹣and ﹣confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry （不对称）of EEG activity．Interestingly，this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy （同感）towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response．In defensive anger，in contrast，the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger﹣inspiring situation．61．The"duels"example in Paragraph 2proves that the expression of anger．A．usually has a biological basisB．varies among peopleC．is socially and culturally shapedD．influences one's thinking and evaluation62．What changes can be found in an angry brain？A．Balanced electrical activity can be spotted．B．Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas．C．Electrical activity corresponds to one's behaviour．D．Electrical activity agrees with one's disposition．63．Which of the following is typical of offensive anger？A．Approaching the source of anger．B．Trying to control what is disliked．C．Moving away from what is disliked．D．Feeling helpless in the face of anger．64．What is the key message of the last paragraph？A．How anger differs from other emotions．B．How anger relates to other emotions．C．Behavioural responses to anger．D．Behavioural patterns of anger．65．（12分）65．Why is June 6，1990a special day for Mommy？A．Her dream of being a mother came true．B．She found her origin from her Chinese mother．C．She wrote the letter to her daughter．D．Her female line was well linked．66．How does Mommy feel about her being given away？A．It is bitter and disappointing．B．It is painful but understandable．C．She feels sorry but sympathetic．D．She feels hurt and angry．67．What does"I stood out like a sore thumb"in Paragraph 5mean？A．I walked clumsily out of pains．B．I was not easy to love due to jealousy．C．I was impatient out of fear．D．I looked different from others．68．What can be inferred from Mommy's Anglo family life？A．She used to experience an identity crisis．B．She fought against her American identity．C．She forgot the pains of her early years．D．She kept her love for Asia from childhood．69．Why did Mommy name her daughter"Shao﹣ming？"A．To match her own birth﹣name．B．To brighten the lives of the family．C．To identify her with Chinese origin．D．To justify her pride in Chinese culture．70．By"Your past is more complete than mine，"Mommy means．A．her past was completed earlier than Shao﹣ming'sB．Shao﹣ming has got motherly care and a sense of rootsC．her mother didn't comfort her the way she did Shao﹣mingD．her past was spent brokenly，first in Asia，then in the US．第四部分：任务型阅读（共1小题；每小题10分，满分10分）请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词．注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上．每个空格只填一个单词．71．（10分）The expression，"everybody's doing it，"is very much at the center of the concept of peer pressure．It is a strong influence of a group，especially of children，on members of that group to behave as everybody else does．It can be positive or negative．Most people experience it in some way during their lives．People are social creatures by nature，and so it is hardly surprising that part of their self﹣respect comes from the approval of others．This instinct （天性）is why the approval of peers，or the fear of disapproval，is such a powerful force in many people's lives．It is the same instinct that drives people to dress one way at home and another way at work，or to answer"fine"when a stranger asks"how are you？"even if it is not necessarily true．There is a practical aspect to this：it helps society to function efficiently，and encourages a general level of self﹣discipline that simplifies day﹣to ﹣day interaction．For certain individuals，seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like an addiction；in order to satisfy the desire，they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong．Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs，or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior．Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work，or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can't afford in an effort to"keep up with the Joneses．"However，peer pressure is not always negative．A student whose friends are good at academics may be urged to study harder and get good grades．Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win．This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs，or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one．Study groups and class projects are examples of positive peer groups that encourage people to better themselves．Schools try to teach kids about the dangers of negative peer pressure．They teach kids to stand up and be themselves，and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong．Similarly，it can be helpful to encourage children to greet the beneficial influence of positive peer groups．71．72．73．74．75．76．77．78．79．80．．第五部分：书面表达（满分25分）81．（25分）请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章．When we read newspapers，we often come across such English words as"AIDS"and"PK．"When we watch TV，we frequently hear words like"NBA"or"PM2.5．"When we speak，we automatically use words like"OUT"or"Bye ﹣bye．"English words and expressions like these are getting popular．They have already become part of our daily language．And 239English words have been included in the latest Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese．The inclusion has started a heated discussion．A group of scholars signed a letter of complaint over the inclusion of these English words，which，they think，goes against Chinese language policies．They not only worry that Chinese is borrowing an increasing number of English words but are also concerned that the inclusion may hurt the dignity of the Chinese language．However，others are in favor of the inclusion because it is hard to say whether it will threaten the Chinese language．They believe the selection is mostly a result of their function and use in daily life．[写作内容]1．用约30个单词写出上文概要；2．用约120个单词发表你的观点，内容包括：（1）支持或反对汉语词典收录英语词汇；（2）用2﹣3个理由或论据支撑你的观点．[写作要求]1．可以支持文中任一观点，但必须提供理由或论据；2．阐述观点或提供论据时，不能直接引用原文语句；3．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；4．不必写标题．[评分标准]内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当．2014年江苏省高考英语试卷参考答案与试题解析第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）1．（1分）（2014•安徽）What does the woman want to do？A．Find a place B．Buy a map C．Get an address．【分析】略【解答】A2．（1分）（2014•安徽）What will the man do for the woman？A．Repair her car．B．Give her a ride．C．Pick up her aunt．【分析】略【解答】B3．（1分）（2014•安徽）Who might Mr．Peterson be？A．A new professor．B．A department head．C．A company director．【分析】略【解答】C4．（1分）（2014•安徽）What does the man think of the book？A．Quite difficult．B．Very interesting．C．Too simple．【分析】略5．（1分）（2014•安徽）What are the speakers talking about？A．Weather B．Clothes．C．News．【分析】略【解答】A6．（2分）（2014•安徽）听第6段材料，回答6、7题．6．Why is Harry unwilling to join the woman？A．He has a pain in his knee．B．He wants to watch TV．C．He is too lazy．7．What will the woman probably do next？A．Stay at home．B．Take Harry to hospital．C．Do some exercise．【分析】略【解答】B C8．（2分）（2014•安徽）听第7段材料，回答第8、9题．8．When will the man be home from work？A．At 5：45．B．At 6：15．C．At 6：50．9．Where will the speakers go？A．The Green House Cinema．B．The New State Cinema．C．The UME Cinema．【分析】略10．（3分）（2014•安徽）听第8段材料，回答第10至12题．10．How will the speakers go to New York？A．By air．B．By taxi．C．By bus．11．Why are the speakers making the trip？A．For business．B．For shopping．C．For hoilday．12．What is the probable relationship between the speakers？A．Driver and passenger．B．Husband and wife．C．Fellow workers．【分析】略【解答】AAC13．（4分）（2014•安徽）听第9段材料，回答第13～16题．13．Where does this conversation probably take place？A．In a restaurant．B．In an office．C．In a classroom．14．What does John do now？A．He's a trainer．B．He's a tour guide．C．He's a college student．15．How much can a new person earn for the first year？A.10，500．B.12，000．C.15，000．16．How many people will the woman hire？A．Four．B．Three．C．Two．【分析】略【解答】BCAC17．（4分）（2014•江苏）听第10段材料，回答第17至20题．17．How long has the speaker lived in a big city？A．One year．B．Ten years．C．Eighteen years．18．What is the speaker's opinion on public transport？A．It's comfortable．B．It's time﹣saving．C．It's cheap．19．What is good about living in a small town？A．It's safer．B．It's healthier．C．It's more convenient．20．What kind of life does the speaker seem to like most？A．Busy．B．Colourful．C．Quiet．第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分15分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）请阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．21．（1分）（2014•江苏）Lessons can be learned to face the future，________ history cannot be changed．（）A．though B．as C．since D．unless【分析】尽管历史无法改变，但是学习过去的经验可以（更好地）面对未来，．【解答】答案：Athough尽管；as因为；since因为；unless除非．题干表示的是转折的含义，意为"即使"，要用表示让步关系的连词though/although．故选A．22．（1分）（2014•江苏）The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work ________ a good impression is a must．（）A．where B．when C．as D．which【分析】这本书在日常交际中极大地帮助了我，尤其是在第一印象至关重要的工作中．【解答】答案：A分析句子结构可知，"especially at work ________ a good impression is a must"是定语从句，work是先行词，"________ a good impression is a must"是从句部分；将先行词放到从句中："a good impression is a must at work"其中"at work"作地点状语，所以要用关系副词where．关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语；as，which 作为关系代词，不能作状语，所以B．C．D都不正确．故选A23．（1分）（2014•江苏）﹣How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing？﹣Well，the media ________ it in a variety of forms．（）A．cover B．will cover C．have covered D．covered【分析】﹣﹣关于将在南京举办的青奥会你了解多少？﹣﹣嗯，媒体已经用各种形式进行了报道．【解答】答案：C根据句意"媒体已经用各种形式进行了报道．"可以判定出，本题用现在完成时态，强调过去的事情对现在的影响还存在．故C正确．24．（1分）（2014•江苏）Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push﹣ups too to stay ________．（）A．in place B．in order C．in shape D．in fashion【分析】为了保持身材（有形），每天早晨Tom总去慢跑，也经常做引体向上．【解答】答案C．A项"有序，在适当的位置"；B项"井井有条"；D项"流行的，时尚的"；C项"身材有形；健康的，状态良好的"；根据句意可知，Tom锻炼的目的是为了保持好身材．故选C．25．（1分）（2014•江苏）Top graduates from universities are ________ by major companies．（）A．chased B．registered C．offered D．compensated【分析】优秀大学毕业生受到大公司的追捧．【解答】答案：A chase追逐，追求；register注册，登记；offer提供；compensate 补偿．句意表达的是受到大公司的欢迎和追捧，故选A．26．（1分）（2014•江苏）﹣What a mess!You are always so lazy!﹣I'm not to blame，mum．I am ________ you have made me．（）A．how B．what C．that D．who【分析】﹣﹣怎么这么乱啊！你总是这么懒．！﹣﹣我不应该受到责备，妈妈．我今天这个样子都是你造成的．【解答】答案：B解答名词性从句时，如果从句中缺少主宾表语时，一般选择what．如果指人，则用who，但考虑本题从句中_____you have made me缺少me的宾语补足语，而且句意指的是妈妈使他成为那个样子，所以B正确．27．（1分）（2014•江苏）She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful ________ in last year's election．（）A．symbol B．portrait C．identity D．statue【分析】两年前她就遭软禁，但她在去年的选举中仍然是代表人物．【解答】A本题考查词意辨析．A．symbol符号；象征；标志；B．portrait肖像；画像；描写C．identity一致；身份；特征D．statue雕像；塑像．故选A．28．（1分）（2014•江苏）The idea"happiness，"________，will not sit still for easy definition．（）A．to be rigid B．to be sureC．to be perfect D．to be fair【分析】"幸福"的观念，可以肯定的是，决不意味着轻而易举，一蹴而就．【解答】答案：BA．to be rigid 硬性的；B．to be sure 可以肯定的是；C．to be perfect十全十美地；D．to be fair 公平地说；此处是插入语，结合前后的句意可知，to be sure 符合句意；故选B29．（1分）（2014•江苏）The lecture ________，a lively question﹣and﹣answer session followed．（）A．being given B．having givenC．to be given D．having been given【分析】演讲完成后有一个生动的问答板块．【解答】答案：D题干中give是作lecture的后置定语，两者构成动宾关系，要用被动；句意表达的give动作发生在follow之前，要用分词的完成式．故选D．30．（1分）（2014•江苏）﹣Dad，I don't think Oliver the right sort of person for the job．﹣I see．I'll go right away and ________．（）A．pay him back B．pay him off C．put him away D．put him off【分析】﹣﹣﹣爸爸，我认为Oliver不是这份工作的合适人选．﹣﹣﹣我知道，我马上去拿钱打发了他．【解答】答案：BA．pay him back 报复他，偿还他的钱；B．pay him off 拿钱打发了他，为他做出补偿；C．put him away 把他送进监狱，把他关起来；D．put him off 使他分心；根据语境Oliver不是这份工作的合适人选可知，此处的意思应是给他结清工资并解聘他；故选B31．（1分）（2014•江苏）It was sad to me that they，so poor themselves，________ bring me food．（）A．might B．would C．should D．could【分析】让我感到难过的是，他们自己那么穷，竟然还给我带吃的．【解答】答案：C分析句意可知，此处表达的意思应是：他们自己那么穷，竟然还给我带吃的；A．可能，可以；B．愿意，会；C．表示惊讶：竟然；D．能，可能；故选C32．（1分）（2014•江苏）I can't meet you on Sunday．I'll be ________ occupied．（）A．also B．just C．nevertheless D．otherwise【分析】周日我不能和你见面，否则我将没空了．【解答】答案：DA．also 同样，也；B．just仅仅，只是；C．nevertheless 然而，尽管如此；D．otherwise否则，另外；句中occupied意为：无空闲的；分析句意可知，此处表达的是转折的意思，故选D33．（1分）（2014•江苏）Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to ________ the soul of Qu Yuan．（）A．remember B．remind C．recover D．recall【分析】关于龙舟节的起源，传说是为了纪念屈原的亡灵．【解答】答案：D remember记住；remind提醒；recover康复；recall回忆，想起．句意表达的是为了让人们想起，故选D．34．（1分）（2014•江苏）Good families are much to all their members，but ________ to none．（）A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing【分析】句意为：好的家庭对它所有的成员来说都非常重要，但不是任何人的全部．【解答】答案：Ceverything意为"一切，全部"，符合语境．something某事；anything任何事；nothing什么都没有，这三个选项不符句意．句中的none是指代人（家庭成员），是否定词，也就是"没有家庭成员"，意思是好的家庭不是家庭成员的全部．故本题选择C．35．（1分）（2014•江苏）﹣________!Somebody has left the lab door open．﹣Don't look at me．（）A．Dear me B．Hi，thereC．Thank goodness D．Come on【分析】﹣﹣哎呀！有人离开实验室门还开着．﹣﹣不要看着我（不是我干的）．【解答】答案A．B项"嗨"；C项"谢天谢地"；D项"加油"；A项"哎呀（表示惊讶）"；根据上下文的语境可知，前者对于实验室的门还开着很惊讶．因此A项符合语境，故选A．第二节：完形填空（共1小题；每小题20分，满分20分）请阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．36．（20分）（2014•江苏）Dale Carnegie rose from the unknown of a Missouri farm to international fame because he found a way to fill a universal human need．It was a need that he first （36）D back in 1906when young Dale was a junior at State Teachers College in Warrensburg．To get an （37）B，he was struggling against many difficulties．His family was poor．His Dad couldn't afford the（38）B at college，so Dale had to ride horseback 12miles to attend classes．Study had to be done （39）A his farm﹣work routines．He withdrew from many school activities （40）C he didn't have the time or the （41）D．He had only one good suit．He tried（42）B the football team，but the coach turned him down for being too （43）A．During this period Dale was slowly（44）C an inferioritycomplex （自卑感），which his mother knew could （45）A him from achieving his real potential．She（46）A that Dale join the debating team，believing that （47）B in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed．Dale took his mother's advice，tried desperately and after several attempts（48）C made it．This proved to be a（49）D point in his life．Speaking before groups did help him gain the（50）D he needed．By the time Dale was a senior，he had won every top honor in（51）C．Now other students we re coming to him for coaching and they，（52）C，were winning contests．Out of this early struggle to （53）B his feelings of inferiority，Dale came to understand that the ability to （54）A an idea to an audience builds a person's confidence．And，（55）D it，Dale knew he could do anything he wanted to do ﹣and so could others．36．A．admitted B．filled C．supplied D．recognized 37．A．assignment B．education C．advantage D．instruction 38．A．training B．board C．teaching D．equipment 39．A．between B．during C．over D．through 40．A．while B．when C．because D．though 41．A．permits B．interest C．talent D．clothes 42．A．on B．for C．in D．with 43．A．light B．flexible C．optimistic D．outgoing 44．A．gaining B．achieving C．developing D．obtaining 45．A．prevent B．protect C．save D．free 46．A．suggested B．demanded C．required D．insisted。
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江苏2014各地模拟考试完型填空题收集
1
完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后个题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Starting a new book is a risk, just like falling in love. You have to __36__ to it. You open the pages knowing a little bit about it, maybe from the back or from a blurb（宣传信息）on the front. But who __37__, right? Those bits and pieces aren’t always right.
Sometimes people __38__ themselves as one thing and then when you get deep into it you realize that they’re so mething completely different. Either there was some good marketing __39__ to a terrible book, or the story was only explained in a(n) __40__ way and once you reach the middle of the book, you realize there’s so much more to this book than anyone could ever have told you.
You start off slow. The story is beginning to __41__. You’re unsure. It’s a big commitment reading this tome(巨著). Maybe this book won’t be that great but you’ll feel __42__ about putting it down. Maybe it’ll be so awful you’ll set it down i mmediately and never pick it up again. Or maybe you’ll come back to it some night, drunk or lonely—needing something to __43__ the time, but it won’t be any better than it was when you first started reading it.
Maybe you’re __44__. You’ve read tons of books before. Maybe you’ve taken some time off from reading because the last few books you read just weren’t __45__ it. Do they even write new, great works of literature anymore? Maybe it’s a once in a lifetime feeling and you’re never going to find it again.
Or something __46__ could happen. Maybe this will become your new favorite book. There’s always a possibility, right? That’s the __47__ of risk. You __48__ your time and your brain power in the words and what you get back is a new understanding and pure wonder.
How could someone possibly know you like this? Some stranger, some author, some character. It’s like they’re seeing inside your __49__. This book existed inside some book store, on a shelf, maybe handled by other people and really it was just __50__ for you to pick it up. It was waiting to speak to you. To say, “You are not __51__.”
You just want more of the story. You want to keep reading, maybe everything this author has ever __52__. You wish it would never end. The closer it gets to the smaller side of the pages, the __53__ you read, wanting to savor(品味) it all. This book is now one of your favorites forever. You will always wish you could go back to __54__ having read it and pick it up fresh again, but also you know you’re better for having this close, inside you, __55__ your heart and mind.
Reading a book is just like falling in love. Once you get in deep enough, you know you could never put this book down.
36. A. contribute B. commit C. subscribe D. react
37. A. tells B. cares C. writes D. knows
38. A. advertise B. believe C. behave D. mistake
39. A. attached B. compared C. used D. related
40. A. artificial B. superficial C. theoretical D. confidential
41. A. repeat B. change C. conflict D. unfold
42. A. worried B. content C. guilty D. serious
43. A. fill B. spare C. save D. take
44. A. worn out B. run out C. given out D. made out
45. A. like B. worth C. beyond D. beneath
46. A. exciting B. familiar C. rare D. tough
47. A. price B. beauty C. danger D. style
48. A. balance B. waste C. harvest D. invest
49. A. soul B. book C. body D. eyes
50. A. asking B. looking C. standing D. waiting
51. A. alone B. yourself C. busy D. crazy
52. A. devoted B. agreed C. written D. enjoyed
53. A. slower B. faster C. more D. less
54. A. always B. ever C. once D. never
55. A. covering B. breaking C. separating D. blocking
完形答案：36-40: BDAAB 41-45: DCAAB 46-50: ABDAD 51-55: ACADA。