attributive clause 从句的 学习

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动 3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 词要用第三人称单数，例如：
who, whom, that (which)这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或 (which)这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或 代词，who做主语指人，whom作宾语指人，that既可作主 代词，who做主语指人，whom作宾语指人，that既可作主 语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略），可以指人也可以指物。 (1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? (2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. Whose 用来指人或物。只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同 用来指人或物。只用作定语 若指物， 只用作定语, of which互换，指人的时候也可以用of whom 代替。 which互换 指人的时候也可以用of 互换， 代替。 (1) They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. (2) Please pass me the book whose (of which) color is green.
非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和 先行词之间用逗号 先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 which引导的非限制性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分 which引导的非限制性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常 是非限制性的
John arrived when/while I was cooking lunch. He will go to Shanghai where his two brothers live. Please put all these books where they used to be. Where there is a will, there is a way. 主要区别在于分句在句中作什么成分。作状语，则是状语从句； 主要区别在于分句在句中作什么成分。作状语，则是状语从句；作定语修饰名 引导定语从句时， 词，则是定语从句 ;引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先 行词；而状语从句前则无需先行词。 引导的定语从句 1. as 可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整 个句子。 He married her, as was natural. He is honest, as we can see. 2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、 主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。 另外，as 常常 另外，as 有“正如、正像”的含义。 正如、正像” As is known to all, China is a developing country. John, as you know, is a famous writer.
（3） 代表物时多用which，但在下列情况中用 代表物时多用which，但在下列情况中用 that而不用which： that而不用which： a)先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不 a)先行词是anything, none等不 定代词时； b)先行词由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much b)先行词由every, 等修饰时，这时的that常被省略； 等修饰时，这时的that常被省略； c)先行词前有序数词或被形容词最高级修饰时； c)先行词前有序数词或被形容词最高级修饰时； d)先行词中既有人又有物时； d)先行词中既有人又有物时； e)整个句中前面已有which，who, that时； e)整个句中前面已有which， that时； f)当先行词为物并作表语时。 f)当先行词为物并作表语时。
定语从句练习
1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _______? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.
注意：由as, 注意：由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于 and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。 this或 that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为 行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。 行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。 It rained hard yesterday, which prevented me from going to the park..
2.关系副词：在句中作状语。关系副词=介词+关系代词 2.关系副词：在句中作状语。关系副词=介词+
why=for which where=in/ at/ on/ ... which when=during/ on/ in/ ... Which Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. don’ That was the year when he was born. Sunday is a day when people don't have to go to work. This is the bridge where you took photos. She is teaching at the university where her mother once studied. 注意：与状语从句的区别
限定性定语从句
定义：限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用, 定义：限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用,使该词的含义 更具体,更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略, 更具体,更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略,否则句意就不完整。 1:关系代词：在句中作主语、宾语或定语 1:关系代词：在句中作主语、宾语或定语 （1）that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作 that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作 主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中 主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中 作宾语也可以省略。 This is the book （which）you want. which） （2）如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意 ）如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词” 介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则 介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则 放在它原来的位置 The school in which he once studied is very famous. This is the watch which/that I am looking for.
Lecture 6: 定语从句
Attributive Clause
Definition
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词， Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词， 定语从句（ 被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。 被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之 由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有主语、宾语之分。一般whom作为宾语 作为宾语。 关系代词有主语、宾语之分。一般whom作为宾语。关系代词在从句 中作主语，宾语，表语，定语等，关系副词在从句中作地点状语， 中作主语，宾语，表语，定语等，关系副词在从句中作地点状语，时 间状语， 间状语，原因状语 。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词 的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词有that, as等 绝对没有what 关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，绝对没有what what引导的是主语 引导的是主语， 关系副词有where, （what引导的是主语，表语和宾语从句 ）；关系副词有where, when, why等 关系词常有3个作用： why等。关系词常有3个作用： 连接作用，引导定语从句。 ①连接作用，引导定语从句。 代替主句中的先行词，甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。 ②代替主句中的先行词，甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。 在定语从句中充当一句子成分。 ③在定语从句中充当一句子成分。