诗歌术语

Terms of PoetryVerse metrical language; the opposite of proseBlank Verse consists of lines iambic pentameter which are unrhymed.Free Verse is printed in short lines instead of with the continuity of prose, and has a more controlled rhythmic pattern than ordinary prose; but it lacks the regular syllabic stress pattern, organized into recurrent feet, of traditional meter.Stanza is a grouping of the verse-lines in a poem, set off by a space in the printed text. Run-on line a line which has no natural speech pause at its end, allowing the sense to flow uninterruptedly into the succeeding line.Alliteration is the repetition of speech sounds in a sequence of nearby words; the term is usually applied only to consonants, and especially when the recurrent sound occurs in a conspicuous position at the beginning either of a word or of a stressed syllable within a word.Consonance is the repetition of a sequence of two or more consonants, but with a change in the intervening vowel: live-love, lean-alone, pitter-patter.Assonance is the repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds—especially in a stressed syllables—in a sequence of nearby words.Simile a comparison between two distinctly different things is indicated by the word “like” or “as”. Metaphor a word or expression which in literal usage denotes one kind of thing or action is applied to a distinctly different kind of thing or action, without asserting a comparison.Metonymy the literal term for one thing is applied to another with which it has become closely associated.Synecdoche a part of something is used to signify the whole, or the whole is used to signify a part. Personification a term in which either an inanimate object or an abstract concept is spoken of as though it were endowed with life or with human attributes or feelings.Overstatement (hyperbole) a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used in the service of truth. Understatement: a figure of speech that consists of saying less than one means, or of saying what one means with less force than the occasion warrantsPun a play on words that either identical in sound or very similar sound, but are sharply diverse in meaning.Irony is to dissemble or hide what is actually the case , not in order to deceive but to achieve specialrhetorical or artistic effectsParadox a statement or situation containing apparently contradictory or incompatible elements. Allusion in a literary text is a reference, explicit or indirect, to a well-know person, place, or event, or to another literary work or passage.Rhyme the standard rhyme consists in the identity, in rhyming words, of the last stressed vowel and of all the speech sounds following that vowel.End rhyme occurs at the end of a verse-lineInternal rhyme occurs within a verse-lineRhythm a recognizable though variable pattern in the beat of the stresses in the stream of sound.Foot the basic unit used in the scansion or measurement of verse. A foot usually contains one accented syllable and one or two unaccented syllables.Meter the rhythm of stresses is structured into a recurrence of regular—that is , approximately equivalent—units.Iambic a light followed by a stressed syllableAnapestic two light syllables followed by a stressed syllableTrochaic a stressed followed by a light syllableDactylic a stressed syllable followed by two light syllables.Monometer: one foot Dimeter: two feet Trimeter:three feet tetrameter: four feetPentameter: five feet Hexameter six feet Heptameter: seven feet octameter: eight feetImage is a picture out of wordsImagery the representation through language of sense experience.Tone the writers or speaker’s attitude toward his subject, his audience, or himself.Couplet two successive lines, usually in the same meter, linked by rhyme.Refrain a repeated word, phrase, line or group of lines, normally at some fixed position in apoem written in stanzaic form.Sonnet a lyric poem in a single stanza consisting of fourteen iambic pentameter lines linked byan intricate rhymescheme.Ballad is a song, transmitted orally, which tells a story.Epic is a long narrative poem on a great and serious subject, told in an elevated style, andcentered on a heroic figure on whose actions depends the fate of a tribe, a nation, or the human race.。