状语从句 教师卷10

状语从句（教师卷）

定义：在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词，形容词和副词等的从句。

功能：状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词，或整个主句。

分类：按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。

位置：从句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号，放在句末时，从句前一般不用逗号。

一．时间状语从句

在句中作时间状语的从句称为时间状语从句，常用when, while, before, after, since, until (till), as soon as等引导。时间状语从句可以放在句首、句中和句尾。

1. when表示“当…时”，引导的从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作可以发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前、之后，也可同时发生。

It was snowing when we got to the airport.

It began to rain when we were walking in the park.

2. while表示“当…时”，强调主句谓语动词所表示的动作发生在从句谓语动词所表示的动作过程之中，或两个动作同时发生。

While we were dancing, a stranger came in.

I was writing a letter while my brother was cooking.

【注意】①when既指时间点，也指一段时间，而while只指一段时间，因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词，而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。

②由when引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时；如果主句和从句的动作同时发生，都用过去进行时的时候，多用while 引导，也可以用when。while能用when代替，when不一定能用while代替。

When the teacher came in, we were talking.

当主从句位置交换时，则为：While / When we were talking, the teacher came in.

In the party, they were singing while / when we were dancing.

* ③when和while还可以做并列连词，when表示“在那时”，while表示“而，却”，表示对照关系。这时when和while不能互换。

The children were running upstairs when they heard the sound of a car.

孩子们正要跑上楼，这时他们听到了汽车的声音。

He likes staying at home while his brother prefers to go out. 他喜欢待在家里而他的兄弟更喜欢出去。

3. until / till指的是某一延续性行为持续到某一时间点。主句谓语为延续性动词时常用肯定句式，意为“做…直到…为止”；主句谓语为非延续性动词时需要用否定句式，意为“直到…才…”。

I’ll wait until / till the concert is over. (wait是延续性动词，肯定句)

Don’t leave until / till I arrive. (leave是非延续性动词，否定句)

【注意】用于句首时常用until。Until you called me, I hadn’t woken up.

4. since表示“自某一时间点以来”，所引导的从句中的谓语动词多用短暂性动词和一般过去时。主句中的谓语动词常用完成时态，表示动作的延

续和频率。主句中的谓语动词可以用延续性动词，也可以用非延续性动词，用非延续性动词时必须强调动作的频率或多次，多个。

I have lived in Nanjing since I graduated from university. (live是延续性动词，graduate是非延续性动词)

I have returned home twice since I settled down in the States. (return是非延续性动词，twice强调次数；settle是非延续性动词)

5. before表示“在……之前”，有时译为“……之后才……；没来得及……就……”。After“在…之后”。

The train had already left before I arrived.

All the birds flew away before I started to fire.

James learnt Chinese cooking after he came to China.

(6) as soon as表示“一…就…”。

As soon as he heard the news, he jumped with joy.

I won’t go with you as soon as I finish my work.

【注意】在when, until, as soon as引导的时间状语从句中，若表示将来发生的事情时，从句中的谓语动词用一般现在时代替一般将来时，用一般过去时代替过去将来时，主句中的谓语动词用一般将来时或过去将来时。

When I get there, I will ring you up.

Melissa told me that as soon as she arrived, she would ring me up.

I will go home until I finish all the work.

二．地点状语从句

在句中作地点状语的从句称为地点状语从句，可置于句首、句中或句尾。

引导地点状语从句的常用引导词有where, wherever等。地点状语从句相当于to / in / from the place(s) where …或to / in / from any place where …结构。

We live where the road crosses the river. (= We live in the place where the road crosses the river.)

我们住在河流与街道交叉的地方。

Make marks wherever you have questions. (= Make marks in any place where you have questions.)

在任何有问题的地方作标记。

【注意】在地点状语从句之前，不要使用介词。

【错】You should put the book at where it was.

【对】You should put the book where it was.

【错】We should go to where we are needed most.

【对】We should go where we are needed most.

三．原因状语从句

在句中作原因状语的从句称为原因状语从句，引导词有because等。because表示造成某种情况的直接原因，语气最强，常用来回答由why提问的问句。because不能与so连用。

I didn’t go to your birthday party because I was too busy.

【注意】because后接原因状语从句；复合介词because of后可接名词、代词、动名词、what 从句等，是原因状语，不是原因状语从句。

We didn’t go to the seaside because the weather was not good. (原因状语从句)

= We didn’t go to the seaside because of the bad weather. (原因状语)

四．目的状语从句

在句中作目的状语的从句称为目的状语从句，常用的引导词有so that, in order that等。

so that, in order that表示“为了…，以便…”，所引导的目的状语从句中的谓语需要用情态动词(may, might, will, would , can, could等)。so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后，而in order that常用于正式文体，可置于句首和句尾。

The Giant Finn MacCool built the causeway so that his giantess girlfriend could walk to him across the sea without getting wet.

In order that everyone present might hear her clearly, she raised her voice again.

【注意】当主从句的主语一致时，so that和in order that引导的目的状语从句可以转换成相对应的动词不定式结构。

They hurried so that they might not miss the train.→ They hurried so as not to miss the train.

Betty saved money in order that she could b uy a portable computer.→ Betty saved money in order to buy a portable computer.

五．结果状语从句

在句子中作结果状语的从句称为结果状语从句，一般置于主句之后，其引导词或短语常见的有so that, so … that … , such … that …等。

1. so that除了可以引导目的状语从句（通常含有情态动词），还可以引导结果状语从句。

I didn't plan the work well so that I didn't finish it in time.

2. so ... that …如此…以致于…，常用句型有四种，口语中that常省略。

①so + 形容词+ that-从句

The tortoises are so heavy that you need six or eight people to lift them.

②so + 副词+ that-从句

He drove so carelessly that he almost lost his life.

③so + 形容词+ a / an + 可数名词单数+ that-从句