英语学习(主从复合句)
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高考英语语法讲解——主从复合句(附练习题)主从复合句(状语从句、名词性从句和定语从句)
【考点分析】
状语从句
1. when, while , as引导时间状语从句的区别;
2. 名词词组 the minute , the moment, the first time , each time ,any time等用作连词,引导的时间状语从句;
3. before ,和SinCe引导时间状语从句的用法以及常见的几个句型;
4. till 和Until的用法;
5. although , though , as 以及 even if , even though 弓丨导让步状语从句的用法;
6. 结果状语从句中“ so, that ”与“ such, that ”的区别;
7. 条件状语从句 unless, PrOViding/provided ,SuPPOSe∕supposing
等引导词的用法;
8. “疑问词+ ever ”和“ no matter +疑问词”引导从句的用法;
9. in CaSe 引导的状语从句;
10. where引导的状语从句;
11.once引导的状语从句。
12.与祈使句、定语从句、名词从句、倒装句以及与强调句型的混合考查。名
词从句
1. that和What引导名词性从句的区别;
2. 名词从句的语序和时态;
3. it作形式主语、形式宾语的几种情况;
4. 宾语从句的否定转移;
5. whether和if的用法区别;
6. what在名词性从句中的使用;
2. who、whom与 whose引导的定语从句的区别;
3. 关系副词where、When与Why引导的定语从句的区别;
4. 对“ as”引导定语从句的考查;
5. SuCh , as 与 such, that 的区别;the Same, as 与 the Same , that 的区别;
6. 对“介词+关系代词”的考查;
7. the Way作先行词时,定语从句的引导词作状语用 in WhiCh ,that或者省略;
8. 含有插入语的定语从句;
9. 与并列句、状语从句、同位语从句以及与强调句型的混合考查。
【知识点归纳】
I. 句子的种类复习主从复合句时,我们首先要对句子的种类
有所了
解,才能更深入地掌握主从复合句的知识。按用途分按结构分
句
名词短语也可引导时间状语从句。如: the time , the moment, the SeCOnd , each time , next time , the last time
重点内容如下:
① When while , as 引导的时间状语从句
▲ as 表示“当,,的时候”,往往和 When/ while 通用,但它着重强调
主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。
She Came UP as I WaS cook ing. (同时)
The runners Started as the gun went off. (几乎同时)
▲ Whe n( at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一点的时候,又 可表示在某一段时间内,主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发 生。
It WaS raining Whe n We arrived. (指时间点)
When We Were at school , We Went to the Iibrary every day.
段时间内)
When We arrived there , the film had already beg un. (先后发生)
▲ while 意思是“当,,的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作 或事
情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生, 从句中的动词一般要用延续性 动词。在 When 表示a PeriOd of time 时,两者可以互换。
PIeaSe don ' t talk so loud while/when OtherS are working.
He fell asleep while/whe n readi ng.
Strike while the iron is hot. (不可用 as 或 when, 这里的 while 意
以 II.状语从句
状语从句是每年高考必考的内容,在高考试题中加上其它从句的干扰, 及倒
装句,强调句的介入,使得状语从句更为复杂。
1.时间状语从句
由下列连词引导: When while , as , before , after , Once , till , Until ,
SinCe , as SOOn as , now that , hardly , when,
SCarCeIy , when, no soon er , tha n ,有一些表示时间的畐寸词(短语)或
directly , inStantly , immediately , by the
minute , the inStant
, every time ,
等
思是“趁,,”)
②before状语从句的重点句型
▲,,之后,,才: It WaS a long time before I got to sleep .
▲不多久,,就:It wasn' t IOng before he told meabout the affair.
▲不等,,就: BefOre I could get in a word , he had measured me.
▲刚,,就: He hardly en tered the room before he heard the teleph one ring.
▲先,,再: You Can have a few days to think about it before you
make your decisi on.
③SinCe引导的从句用延续性动词的过去式(包括过去完成时),贝U从句的动作已经结束,从句意思是否定的。如果从句的动词是延续性的用完成时态,从句意思是肯定的。
▲He has n ever bee n to See me SinCe I WaS ill. 我病愈后,他一直未
来看我。(不在生病了)
▲He has n ever bee n to See me SinCe I have bee n ill. 我病了,他一直未来看我。
▲I haven ' t heard from him SinCe he lived here.
自从他这里搬走,我就没有收到他的信。(不住在这儿了)
▲I know him Very well SinCe he has lived here n ear us. 自他住在
我们附近以来,我对他很了解。
▲It ' S three years SinCe I WaS in the army. 我退伍已三年了。(不
在服役了)
▲It ' S three years SinCe I have been in the army= It's three years SinCe he joined the army.
我入伍已三年了。
④如果与till与Until从句使用的主句是肯定的,则主句中谓语要用延续性动词如果与其使用的主句是否肯定的,则主句中谓语要用短暂性动词。另
till 从句不可以置于句首,只有 Un til从句可以放在句首。notun til 放在句
首时主句要倒装。
2. 原因状语从句
(在一由下列连词引导:as (由于),because (因为),Since (既然),
now (that )(既然), conSidering that (顾及至U),Seeing that (由于)。
I do it because I like it. 因为我喜欢我才干。(because不能与so
连用)
He couldn ' t have Seen me , because I WaS not there. 他不可能见过我,因为当时我不在那儿。
Seeing (that ) quite a few people Were absent, We decided to PUt the meeti ng off.
由于好些人都没到会,我们决定延期开会