2020版高考英语突破二轮复习新课标通用 教师用书：专题强化训练(3)
专题03 七选五-2020年高考英语二轮专项提升(解析版)
专题03七选五（2019高考英语全国1卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” 36 According to recent studies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is good.37 If the air you’re breathing is clean-which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities-then the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles（肌肉）and your brain.Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing（治愈）. 38 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood（情绪）.Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients Who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. 39 It gives us a great feeling of peace.40 While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give is beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin— put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of Vitamin D.A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.B. So what are you waiting for?C. Being in nature refreshes us.D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.【答案】36. E 37. A 38. G 39. C 40. D【解析】36. 段意过渡句。
2020届高考英语二轮复习系列之疯狂专练三 词性转化及词性变化单句填空+语法填空(word版含答案)
当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时，就需要词类转化。
我们可据以下3条规则顺利解题：(1)作主语或宾语用名词形式；(2)作定语、表语或补足语用形容词形式；(3)修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，作状语，用副词形式。
具体解题技巧如下：第一步：分析结构，确定要填的词在句中充当哪种句子成分。
在名词前作定语、在系动词后作表语、作主语和宾语的补足语，一般要用形容词；修饰动词、形容词或副词，或修饰整个句子，作状语，用副词；作主语或宾语用名词，或者在冠词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格后，用名词。
第二步：根据构词法将括号中的词变成所需要的词类。
注意：1. 有时不但要注意词性转换，而且还要考虑用表示相反意义的前缀或后缀， 其逻辑意义才通顺；2. 当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时， 无需改变词性， 就可能是加只改变词义但不改变词性的前缀了。
形容词→副词wide→widely 形容词→形容词比较级/最高级wide→wider/widest 形容词→名词wide→width 形容词→动词wide→ widen 动词→名词 instruct → instruction (s)特殊变性 happy →happily, simple →simply ，true →truly, arrange →arrangement ，judge →judgment1.【2019·全国 II 卷】Her years of hard work have _____(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.疯狂专练三 词性转化单句填空+语法填空 技巧点拨常考考点 小题狂练2【2019·全国卷I】It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been _____ (poor) studied.3. 【2019·全国卷I改编】It leads to a ______ (believe) that populations are increasing4. 【2019·浙江卷】Other American studies showed no _____ (connect) between uniforms and school performance.5.【2019·浙江卷】School uniforms are _____ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.6.【2018·全国卷I I】According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total _____ (globe) fertilizer consumption.7.【2018·全国卷III】I'm a _____ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.8. 【2018·全国卷I】Running is cheap, easy and it’s always (energy).9.【2017·全国卷I I】This development was only possible with the _____ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.10.【2019·浙江卷改编】When the children are walking to school on dark mornings, car drivers can ______ (easy) see them.11. She took the job for ______（variety）reasons.12. It (eventual) became China’s primary faith, more widespread than the original Chinese religions of Confucianism and Taoism.13. When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ________(compete) to watch，together with the story behind it.14. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be (afford) but doing this most days adds up.15. He explained that he tried to ________ (simple) the show and ensured the piglet is unforgettable.16.The _______ (produce) made his fortune thanks to the young peppa pig.17.Now that you are able to take up arms and protect your motherland，we are all________（pride）of you.18. I suggest we should find new ways to protect the ______（endanger）animals.19. In the course of ______（evolve），some birds have lost the power of flight.20. In order to protect the environment people shouldn’t destroy ______（nature）balance.直击考题passage1体裁主题字数建议用时议论文空气污染的影响215字9分钟The silent killer — air pollution causes seven million premature (过早的) ___1___ (death) a year, not just in___2___ (develop) countries but also in UK and the USA as well. In China，people are well aware of the health problems it brings.I check every part every day. If it has heavy air pollution, I will prepare masks for my family. I dislike ___3___ when the air is bad. Because bad air makes it difficult for me to breathe and I think it does influence my ___4___ (perform) at work. A new research in China has also found a link between air quality and levels of intelligence. In the study, 25,000 people living across China __5___ (test) in language and math skills last year. They found the results of those ___6___ lived in more polluted areas were ___7___ (negative) impacted, especially in languages. It adds to a growing body of evidence that air pollution has an effect not just on the lungs and heart ___8___ on the brain.This research shows that the longer we are exposed to air pollution, the ___9___ (many) problems we’re storing up for later life. Campaigners hope this study will persuade the British government ___10___ (think) hard before it publishes its clean air strategy next year.passage2【晋冀鲁豫中原名校2019届高三第三次联考】Stand in line at any grocery store or sit in any hospital waiting room, and you see people staring at their phones, probably catching up on news or just relieving their boredom. This seems harmless enough. But could being on our phones affect our___1___(able) to connect with the people around us?__2___new study aimed to answer that question.Researcher Kostadin Kushlev and his colleagues asked pairs of college students，___3___were strangers to each other___4___(come) into a small lab waiting room-either with or without their phones. They were told that the researchers were running a bit late and they needed to wait. While waiting, their faces were___5___(secret) videotaped. Afterwards, the students___6___(report) how they felt and how much they interacted(互动)with the other participants.The researchers studied videotapes of the faces of airs who interacted，___7___(measure) how often they smiled. The___8___(result)?People with phones exhibited fewer smiles overall. They spent 30% less of the time smiling___9___people without phones, signaling less interest in connecting with others. What's more, thirty-two participants with phones didn't interact at all in the waiting room. These findings show that using phones in public _____10_____(affect) one's interaction with others. Consequently，cell phones should be used wisely.passage3【江西省名校（临川一中、南昌二中）2019届高三5月联合考试】Louis Cha, better known by his pen name Jin Yong, was a Chinese wuxia novelist and essayist, ___1___co-founded the Hong Kong daily newspaper Ming Bao in 1959 and ___2___ (serve) as the first editor-in-chief. He was Hong Kong’s most famous writer.His wuxia novels have ___3___ widespread following in Chinese communities worldwide. His 15 works ___4___ (write) between 1955 and 1972 earned him a reputation as one of the greatest and most popular wuxia writers ever. By the time of his ___5___ (die) he was the best-selling Chinese author, and over 100 million copies of his works have been sold worldwide. His works have the unusual ability ___6___ (go) beyond geographical and ideological barriers separating Chinese communities of the world, achieving ___7___ (great) success than any other contemporary writer.Most of his works ____8____ (translate) into many languages so far, including English, French, etc. Even the asteroid (小行星) 10930 Jinyong (1998 CR2) is named ____9____ him. We cannot thank him more for ____10____ he has done in novel literature.答案与解析小题狂练1.【答案】finally【解析】考查副词用法。
教师课件：2020高考英语二轮复习 第一部分 知识运用专题专练 专题3 代词体验高考
第一部分英语知识运用第一节单项填空专题三代词1．(2013·山东，21)I've lived in New York and Chicago，but don't like of them very much.A．either B．any C．each D．another解析考查代词。
any, each, another都用于三者或以上，只有either是用于两者之间。
根据题意，我曾住在纽约和芝加哥，是两者，所以选either。
答案 A2．(2013·陕西，22)Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years，she lost of her enthusiasm for life.A．some B．neitherC．none D．all解析句意为：尽管Rosemary多年来遭受严重的疾病折磨，但是她从没有失去对生活的热情。
根据句意可以将A、D两项排除。
neither表示“(两者)都不”，而none可以表示“(数量上)没有”。
答案 C3．(2013·四川，2)The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than on the small ones.A．one B．this C．that D．it解析句意：主街上的绿灯信号比小街道上的绿灯信号时间长。
本题考查代词的用法。
由空格后on the small ones表特指，排除A、B，同名异物故排除D项。
答案 C4．(2013·新课标全国Ⅱ，14)It's an eitheror situation—we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can't do .A．others B．eitherC．another D．both解析句意为：我们只能二选一——要么我们今年买一辆新车，要么我们去度假，但是我们不能两项都做。
2020版高考英语新课标大二轮专题辅导与增分攻略专题强化训练 专题六 书面表达 6-3第三讲 规避
姓名，年级：时间：第三讲规避“惯性错误"，确保无可挑剔在第一步拟写要点、列全提纲的基础上，接下来就是对各要点句进行准确翻译的过程。
要点的正确表达能充分体现考生的语言基本功，而过多的表达错误会直接影响作文的档次。
所以,正确书写是七步成文中至关重要的一步。
下面是阅卷老师整理的考生在写作中易犯的5类惯性错误，以示提醒.类型一:动词、介词类错误英语书面表达中，动词和介词的使用非常容易出现错误。
这是因为英语中动词和介词后都可以带宾语，因此容易混淆。
1．动词的种类有很多，从句法功能上可分为实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词;根据句子成分可分为谓语动词和非谓语动词等。
（1）实义动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
写作中常出现的错误有：①及物动词后跟了介词；②不及物动词后少了介词。
(2）系动词be在写作中非常活跃，但要用好be动词却不是一件容易的事.常见错误有：①不及物动词与be动词构成了被动语态；②该含有be动词的句子出现遗漏be的情况.(3）助动词和情态动词不能单独作谓语，写作中常见错误主要是倒装句中少用了助动词或情态动词.（4）谓语动词与非谓语动词的误用是考生最易出错的地方。
需要注意：谓语动词作谓语，包括时态、语态、主谓一致、虚拟语气；非谓语动词可作除谓语以外的其他成分。
2．介词不能独立在句中作成分。
介词一定要带宾语,其后必须与名词、代词或动名词构成介词短语。
常见错误除了前面提及的实义动词后介词的多余和缺失外，还包括由于英汉语言的差异造成介词的多用或错用。
［典例] （2018·全国卷Ⅱ）你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则通知，请大家观看一部英文短片Growing Together，内容包括：1．短片内容：学校的发展;2．放映时间、地点；3．欢迎对短片提出意见。
注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯.[病文修改]以下是一位考生的习作，其中有6处错误，每句中最多有一处,请找出并修改。
2020高考英语二轮专题复习课标通用版(课件)语法填空与短文改错第1部分 专题6 第3讲
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)I felt happily that their life had improved.
答案 happily→happy 解析 此处应用形容词作系动词feel的表语。
5．(2016·四川卷)The dishes that I cooked were
Mom's favoritest. 答案 favoritest→favorite 解析 favorite本身含有最高级意义，无最高级形
→
differe nce →
differe nt
late→
latest
then more
en Besides
一、如何确定填形容词还是副词 [判定方法] 1．作定语修饰名词或代词时用形容词；作状语修 饰动词、形容词、副词等时常用副词。 2．当所给词为形容词时，除了考查比较等级外， 还可能考查转换为副词。反之亦然。
答案 actually 解析 作状语修饰be behind the change，应用副词形 式，故填actually。
2 ． (2019· 云 南 昆 明 模 拟 )Hotel guests in China might no ____________(long) have to worry about waiting in line to check in.
人。此处表示“一两天之后”，故late改为later。
3．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)He liked it so very much that
he quickly walked into the shop. 答案删除very 解析 此处为so…that…句式，so和very表达的意思
重复，故应删除very。
shine的形容词形式为shiny或shining，意为“闪闪发光 的”。
2020版高考英语突破二轮复习新课标通用 教师用书：题型概述
短文改错与书面表达是高考全国卷的两道重要试题，二者共属写作部分。
本板块精研真题，引领考向；高考真题感悟与模拟题演练相互加力，讲解与练习环环相扣，帮助考生高效备考，轻松增分。
第一部分题型概述|破解命题规律，掌握解题技巧[“三表”析清短文改错]一、命题视角原则表——知考什么(“频次”中的数字为2016－2019年全国卷12套试题的考查题量累计)1．设题的角度有三个：词法、句法和行文逻辑。
从这三个角度考查考生在语篇中综合运用语言知识的准确性。
2．词法的考查频次最多的是动词，其次是形容词和副词、介词、名词、代词、词性误用、冠词等。
3．句法的考查以并列连词和从属关联词为主。
4．行文逻辑的考查主要有时态一致、指代一致和逻辑一致。
考点的这些设置特征为我们答题提供了重要的信息：一要注意动词的形态变化；二要看人称代词的一致性和关联词的正确性；三要根据单词在句中的功能来确定词性：名词(常作主语、宾语)、形容词(常作表语、定语)和副词(常作状语)；四要看全文的时态、指代、逻辑是否一致。
二、解题意识原则表——有何规律三、规范解题原则表——怎么修改(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。
每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
①I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. ②One afternoon whereI was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. ③Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me. ④I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground.⑤To everyone’s surprising, the ball went into the net. ⑥All the football player on theplayground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. ⑦From now on, I started to play my football with classmates after school. ⑧I am a good player now.[考场思维模式]第一步浏览全文，整体把握把握文章的主要时态、人称及文章的主旨大意，顺便标记自己一眼就能看出的错误。
2020高考英语二轮专题复习课标通用版 跟踪检测：语言知识运用练3
语言知识运用练(三)(限时25分钟)(见素养提升特训P183)第一节 (共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)(2019·安徽合肥二模)I will never forget one summer in my childhood.While walking in the attic(阁楼), I stepped on something and __41__ down, with my hand landing on a floorboard that popped up and almost hit me in the head.When I __42__ and looked inside the open space, I could not believe my eyes: There was gold in there! I __43__ a handful of shining gold cubes, ran to the bottom stair and __44__,_“Mama, I found gold up here under the floor！”Back up the stairs I dashed, __45__ my brothers almost knocked me back down as they ran right by me.When Mama opened the door and __46__ her head out, she __47__ said, “Honey, that's insulation(隔热材料)．Now put it all back.”I felt really disappointed.I had thought I made a real __48__.When I __49__ inside to put the fake gold back, my hand touched what felt like a book.I pulled it out.It was old and small: Bartlett's Familiar Quotations, which I'd never heard of.And __50__ I was bored, I decided to see what was inside this little book.To my __51__,_it was a book of passages, phrases, and proverbs and I could tell that this was going to be __52__.So I spent quite much time on it and found __53__ in these pages. As I didn't know how to express things clearly, I often __54__ to talk about them.This book helped me __55__ that I didn't need to feel ashamed or __56__,_because other people had similar experiences.When I went to college, Bartlett's came with me.Over the years, I've kept my original __57__,_which to this day I often __58__.Although it was a __59__ to find the book, it liberated me in a way.It helped me see more than my young mind and heart were able to understand.The book discovered under those floorboards was, __60__,_gold.41．A．slowed B．calmedC．looked D．fell42．A.bent over B．showed upC．lay down D．broke in43．A.stole B．producedC．seized D．hid44．A.yelled B．sighedC．admitted D．complained45．A.or B．soC．but D．for46．A.nodded B．stuckC．lowered D．lifted47．A.calmly B．thoughtfullyC．honestly D．angrily48．A.difference B．choiceC．mistake D．discovery49．A.sat B．slidC．reached D．walked50．A.until B．now thatC．unless D．so that51．A.surprise B．regretC．relief D．disappointment52．A.absurd B．controversialC．boring D．interesting53．A.sympathy B．comfortC．honor D．doubt54．A.tended B．offeredC．managed D．hesitated55．A.expect B．rememberC．realize D．imagine56．A.embarrassed B．satisfiedC．astonished D．tired57．A.mind B．copyC．plan D．file58．A.put away B．show offC．refer to D．pick up59．A.dilemma B．disasterC．pity D．coincidence60．A.sill B．indeedC．normally D．hopefully语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：家庭生活语篇导读：本文叙述了作者小的时候在阁楼上的“意外发现”。
2020届高考英语二轮复习教师用书：2020届老高考英语二轮对点集训：：第三板块 第二部分 题型应对策略
[小题夯基练]一、句内层次题1．Two years ago, while Cathy was watching the Olympics, a dream came into her sweet little head — to be a st summer, she wanted to 18.join our local swim team.She practiced hard and finally __19__ it.19．A.increased B．foundC．created D．made解析：D [此题属固定搭配。
根据空前“She practiced hard”可知，她最后做到了。
make it“做到，成功”，是固定搭配。
]2．(全国卷Ⅰ)51．Approaching the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.They told her to stay __52__ until the emergency personnel arrived, 53.but she thought the car was going to 54.explode.52．A.quiet B．stillC．away D．calm解析：B [本题可以利用生活常识和文化背景解题。
根据生活常识，当时处境危险，救护人员来之前不能动(stay still)，以免伤势加重。
quiet“静静的”，常表示一个人的性情稳定或外表安静；still“静止的，不动的”；away“离开”；calm“平静的，镇静的”。
] 3．To __51__ the amount of rubbish and to protect the 52.environment,_more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.51．A.show B．recordC．decrease D．measure解析：C [本题可以利用对应成分分析法解题。
2020版高考英语突破二轮复习新课标通用 教师用书： 词法类错误
第二部分应对策略|辨别错误类型，内化解题路径第一讲词法类错误考点1谓语动词误用[典例](2019·全国卷Ⅱ)One was that I was amazed at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.[考场思维](1)根据观察可知，第二句谓语动词时态错误。
上文及该句整体行文都是过去时态，此处也是叙述过去发生的事情，所以应用过去时态。
(2)尝试解答：is→was[过关检测]1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)I’ve had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to open a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts.required→requires 2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Still I unwilling to play the game with them sometimes.在unwilling前加was 3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.are→were 4．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin.begin→begun 5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables！came→comes 6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years.had→have 7．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and became a new member of the school music club.took→taken [技法点金]1．识别时态不一致文章前后是现在时却用了过去时，或前后都是过去时却用了现在时，导致时态不一致。
2020版高考英语突破二轮复习新课标通用 教师用书：词汇篇
30．A.gave
B．paid
C．cast
D．drew
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专题二 完形填空
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[解析] D 考查动词和熟词生义。史密斯先生的行为引起了公众的广泛关注。draw one’s attention 意为“引起某人的注意”。
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[典例 2] (2018·浙江卷 6 月)He said without the job, he would 49.simply have too
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第一讲 词汇篇 高考完形填空主要是对考纲词汇的考查，重点考查考生在具体语境中准确理解和运 用考纲词汇的能力。近几年高考完形填空对词汇在整体语篇中的灵活运用的考查尤为突 出，主要涉及名词、动词(短语)、形容词和副词等实词的词义理解、一词多义的积累、 熟词生义的推断以及近义词用法的辨析。没有掌握好考纲中基础词汇的词义是造成失分 的主要原因之一，而不能弄清意义相近词汇的细微区别则成为拿高分的障碍。 考生要想得高分，准确掌握考纲词汇是基础，强化对多义词的掌握和对重难点词的 积累是关键。
strong muscles that they thought had 50.lost forever.
49．A.Initially
B．Eventually
C．Temporarily
D．Consequently
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专题 考查副词。最后，这对夫妇发现他们的身体好转。eventually“最后， 终于”，符合语境。
24.spotted my wallet on a bus seat.
22．A.selected
B．appointed
C．identified
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主旨大意题[学生用书P147(单独成册)](建议用时：25分钟)A(2019·苏北三市高三质量检测)Recently whenever I turned on mycomputer or my mobile phone, news about the great effect of HurricaneHarvey on thousands of people caught my eye. I saw many unfortunateevents. However, there was also the bright news that confirmed the goodnessof mankind. As a journalist, I wrote many humaninterest stories during my career. That’s why the story about the guys in the bakery caught my eye.When the staff at a Mexican bakery chain in Houston were trapped inside the building for two days, they didn’t sit there feeling sorry for themselves. They used their time wisely after flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey. While they were waiting for the eventual rescue that came on Monday morning, four decided to make as many loaves of bread as possible for their community.The flood water rose in the street outside. They took advantage of their emergency power supply to bake bread. They used more than 4，200 pounds of flour to create hundreds of loaves and sheets of sweet bread. Although the water kept rising, they continued baking to help more people. By the time the owner managed to get to them, they had made so much bread that they took the loaves to loads of emergency centers across the city for people affected by the floods.The store manager, Brian Alvarado, told The Independent, “Whenever a disaster occurs, nobody should just feel forlorn. Instead, we should take positive action to save ourselves and help others. O ur acts of kindness will make a big difference.”【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。
一家连锁面包店的员工们在面对哈维飓风带来的洪水、断电时，在等待救援的同时采取积极的行动，利用应急电源烤面包去帮助社区受洪水影响的居民。
1．What did the bakery store workers do after flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey?A．They volunteered to make bread for their community.B．They managed to live by selling more bread in the store.C．They felt sorry that they cou ldn’t escape from the store.D．They ate nothing but to wait for their community to rescue them.A解析：细节理解题。
根据第二段最后一句“While they were waiting for the eventual rescue that came on Monday morning, four decided to make as many loaves of bread as possible for their community.”可知，当这家面包房的员工们在等待周一上午的最终救援时，四人决定为他们的社区烤尽可能多的面包。
故选A项。
2．Which of the following best explains “forlorn”underlined in the last paragraph?A．Fortunate.B．Hopeful.C．Shallow. D．Desperate.D解析：词义猜测题。
根据最后一段中的“Instead, we should take positive action to save ourselves and help others.”可知，相反，我们应该采取积极的行动来拯救自己和帮助他人。
由Instead可知，forlorn的意思与positive相反，故forlorn与desperate(绝望的)意思相近。
故选D项。
3．What can we infer from the text?A．Alvarado organized his workers to bake much bread.B．Hurricane Harvey caused a power failure in Houston.C．The staff in the bakery sent enough flour to emergency centers.D．The author preferred to write stories about people facing disasters.B解析：细节理解题。
根据倒数第二段中的“They took advantage of their emergency power supply to bake bread.”可知，他们利用应急电源烤面包。
由此可推知，哈维飓风造成休斯敦停电。
故选B项。
4．What can be the best title for the text?A．A Popular Mexican Bakery Chain in HoustonB．Wait for the Eventual Rescue in a Big DisasterC．All Kinds of Disasters Caused by Hurricane Harvey in HoustonD．Bake Bread to Make a Difference in the Face of Hurricane HarveyD解析：标题归纳题。
根据第二三段的内容和最后一段中的“Our acts of kindness will make a big difference.”可知，D项(在面对哈维飓风时，烤面包起了很大作用)作为标题最能概括全文内容。
故选D项。
BIt’s common knowledge that some countries have higher life expectancies than others, but the city you live in can also affect your health.Some cities are hard on their residents. In places with poor city planning, for example Lagos, which was called out recently by the Economist Intelligence Unit, public spaces are few, making outdoor activities hard. Lack of infrastructure(基础设施) blocks the streets with cars and the air with pollutants, and residents work long hours for little money.These are just some of the factors added up by Spotahome, a rental agency. They’ve analyzed data from a range of sources, including the World Health Organization, TripAdvisor and the CIA World Factbook to score each city on health, gym availability and quality, life expectancies, obesity, green space and other elements to make a list to work out which are the world’s healthiest cities.The list is certainly Eurocentric and sunshine is seen as a positive factor. It does go some way toward suggesting which cities are getting it right in providing a good life for their residents. It may not be surprising to learn that most of the healthiest cities are in northern Europe, known for its peoplefirst approach to city planning. The cities of Australia and Canada also do well. However, the first American city is only in 34th place. The U．K. doesn’t fare too well either—its only city in the top 50 list is London, in 40th.Whether you’re planning a wholesome holiday, or simply wondering what your city can do better in its quest for happy citizens, the list of the 50 healthiest cities will give you pause for thought about the future of city planning. Here are the slender, healthyeating, cleanaired cities that are getting it right.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。