交传笔记常用符号!
口译笔记常用符号
口译笔记常用符号4.3.2 口译笔记常用符号在学会了对原语进行逻辑和思维路线再现之后，用适当的符号替换逻辑或者思维再现图中的部分文字，实际上就是口译笔记了，当然在真实的口译实践中，笔记还可以更进一步地简化。
相当多的口译初学者觉得口译员使用的符号很神秘，看起来像天书一样，进而“神话”口译员的工作。
其实口译员使用的符号主要来自于原语、译入语，小部分借用了速记符号。
现在我们看看口译员常用的符号来源：4.3.2.1 汉字、汉字偏旁部首、古汉语、简化汉字、拼音大university, adult, generous, open-minded, large-size…中middle school, medium-sized, intermediate, in the middle of, neutral,…小primary (elementary), kid, children, mea n, petty,…凝聚ningju或者nju饕餮taotie或者ttie“戈”可以用来代替“武器”偏旁部首举例：简化汉字举例：4.3.2.2 英语、英语字母英语单词的缩写规律：保留单词的辅音，去除元音，当然首字母是元音必须保留。
一般保留三至五个辅音就可以帮助回忆整个单词，例如：impoverishment: impvrdebility: dbltrejuvenate: rjvndepartment: dptstandard: stdreference: rfr口译学习者还需要记住常用国际组织、专用名词、国家名及其首都名的缩写，例如：UN, UNESCO, NATO, APEC, OPEC, …Intellectual property protection: IPPNK, SK, CN, US, UK…口译学习者还可以自己开动脑筋，充分发挥自己的创造性和想象力，开发出简介实用的笔记符号，下面以英文大写字母为例，看看如何创造性地在笔记中使用这些大写字母：A: first, top, excellent, extraordinary, outstanding, remarkable, unusualE: eyesight, economy, economic, economical, electronic, East F: failure, false, wrong, not true, full, flagG: government, GodH: health, help, support, connect, bridge, cross, HourI: I / we, my (our) party, eyeL: long, lengthen, prolongM: money, mail, mother, mountain, movement, McDonald, man, May, Member (ship), mm…N: nose, nation, name, nothing, no, negation, deny, need, necessary, NorthO: zero, circle, old, orange, our, one, empty, world, all, success, completeP: pm, peace, park, pay, politics, people, perfect, president, prime minister, head, flagshipQ: quality, quantity, quarter, question, cute, balloon, head, suspect, doubt, unknown, difficultyR: respect, representative, request, about, relations, returnS: smile, snake, turns and twists, society, social, silence, curve, slimT: time, tea, cross-disciplinary, compound, T-shirt, T-stage, disagreement, dispute, disapprovalU: you (your party), pitfall, trap, recycle, cycle, return, valley V: victory, triumph, vs, valley, bottom, tipW: west, western, wave, fluctuate, ups and downsX: X-ray, XL, wrong, negation, cross, times, execute, killY: why, year, yes, approve, agree, young, deviate, tree, servant Z: zero, zoo, last, zigzag, turns and twists, dream, sleep (comic strip)从以上例子可以看出，我们可以从拼写、发音以及字母的结构等方面来进行联想，在笔记中创造性地使用这些符号。
口译笔记速记符号归总汇总
口译笔记速记符号归总一、做口译笔记时的注意事项1.口译笔记应记要点，切忌求记“全”。
口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充，不应也不必取代记忆。
口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系（如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等），笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。
2.口译笔记求快求精，但不可潦草。
3.口译笔记可使用来源语，也可使用目标语，也可以双语兼用。
只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性，不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。
例如，“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。
4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语，例如：cf（compare），Co（company），eg（for example），etc（and so on），esp（especially），ie（that is），max（maximum），min（minimum），ref（reference），std（standard），usu（usually），等。
二、常用速记符号速记是一项特殊的技巧，速记语言是由一套完整的符号组成的体系。
在口译实践中逐步掌握一些简单的速记符号是有益的。
口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。
记录分为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。
人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。
顾名思义，短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆，长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。
影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多，其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意义性。
即便是当感知的信息有意义时，人的短时记忆只可容纳由二十多个单词组成的句子，或者一组十位数的数字。
因此，对于口译工作者来说，完全依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的，记笔记便显得十分重要。
in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicslib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.estg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example: January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
口译常用速记符号
口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。
记录分为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。
人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。
顾名思义，短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆，长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。
影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多，其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意义性。
即便是当感知的信息有意义时，人的短时记忆只可容纳由二十多个单词组成的句子，或者一组十位数的数字。
因此，对于口译工作者来说，完全依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的，记笔记便显得十分重要。
注意事项：1. 口译笔记应记要点，切忌求记“全”。
口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充，不应也不必取代记忆。
口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系（如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等），笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。
2. 口译笔记求快求精，但不可潦草。
3. 口译笔记可使用来源语，也可使用目标语，也可以双语兼用。
只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性，不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。
例如，“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。
4. 口译笔记使用大量常见略语。
如：cf(compare), Co(company), eg(for example), etc(and so on), esp(especiall y), ie(that is), max(maximum), min(minimum), ref(reference), std(standard ), usu(usually),等。
笔记系统影响口译质量的一大原因是笔记得当与否。
口译笔记是辅助记忆的手段，是在听讲过程中用简单的文字或符号记下讲话内容中能刺激记忆的关键词。
通过关键词能够提示考生讲话人所表述的意思，掌握其表述内容的前因后果、上下文的逻辑关系。
除此之外，数字、地点、人名容易一听就忘，所以也要及时记下这些必要的细节。
但是如果考生将精力完全集中在笔记上，而忽视了对摄入信息的分析理解和加工处理，那么笔记反倒会成为口译的绊脚石。
口译笔记常用符号总结
记笔记：常用符号和缩略语(Note-taking: Useful Signs and Abbreviations)1．常用笔记符号：符号信息意义箭头符号↑上升；提高；增强；上涨；增长；扩大；起飞；升空；提拔；晋升（grow, expand, develop, rise, go up, increase , ascend, launch, skyrocket, soar, appreciation涨价,promote, upwards）↓ 下降；下沉；降低；滑坡；轰炸；减少；恶化；降职；削减/裁减（drop to, bomb, jump, go down, descend, decrease, deteriorate腐烂变坏, depreciation小看轻视贬值减价reduce, downwards）↗上扬；渐渐好转（become better and better）↘下挫；不断亏损（become worse and worse）→出口；去；向前；出国；前往；运往；导致；发展成为…（export to, enter, arrive in/at, present to, result in, send to, transmit to, lead to, export to, cause）←回顾；从前；进口；倒退；来自；源于（come from, originate from, receive from, go back to, import from）例如：café← French意为: café源自于法语数学符号+ 增加；补充；除此之外另外(furthermore, in addition to, with, and, besides, etc) —减少；删除；缺乏（minus, lack）×表示“不对的，错的，坏的，不好的，臭名昭著的”（incorrect, wrong, bad, inappropriate, notorious）> 超过，大于，胜过，优于（more than, bigger than, surpass, better than, superior to）< 小于，不足，次于，逊色（fewer than, less than, worse than, inferior to）= 等于符号（equal) 在听力笔记中相当于“与…一样”（equal to, the same as)，另外可以表示“是…的对手“（a ri-val, a competitor)等意思。
同传-3-口译笔记符号
1. 特点，特色，特征 mark, feature, character, symbol, sign, characteristic, speciality peculiarity, attribute
2. 代表 represent, symbolize, typify, stand for, on behalf of
愿意接受 accept with pleasure
1. 卖 sell 2. 获利 make a profit
1. 去，到 go 2. 引起，导致 result in, lead to
1. 买 buy 2. 投资 invest
↑
增加；上升；完善；繁荣
increase, heighten, enhance, grow, lift
3. 揭示，显示 show, suggest, indicate, reveal, discover, reflect
←
1. 来 come
2. 收到 receive
3. 需要，缺少 need, require,
want, be short of,
4. 邀请，应邀 invite, on invitation
常用笔记符号
思考
为什么要记笔记？ 笔记记多少？ 如何记笔记？
笔记的要点
少些多划 少字多意 少横多竖 快速书写 明确结束
常见笔记符号类型
1. 图形符号 2. 人体行为符号 3. 标点符号 4. 数学符号 5. 中文 6. 英文 7. 谐音 8. 化学符号 9. 地图标识 10. 货币符号 11. 其它符号 12. 关联词
3. 主要 main, chief, primary, major, dominant, overwhelming
口译笔记符号大全
整理版口译笔记符号Symbols for Note-takingWhy shall we take notes? Supplement memory effeciently Ensuer completeness and accuracy of interpreted information(figures, cardinal numbers, percentage) Facilitate processing & analysing the information Some guidelines to Follow take notes vertically so as to break up the sentence into sense units instead of horizontal. Eg. We have investedin schools, colleges, universities, libraries and our communities.投校院学图社Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references. 数学符号+ plus // parallel S = sum f = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations. 标准缩略法cf = compare e.g. = example dept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word 首音节缩略法. pol = politics dem = democracy lib = liberal cap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable. pres = presentation subj = subject ind = individual cons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc = associate biol = biology info = information ach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximum intro = introduction conc = concentration min = minimum rep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word. ppd = prepared prblm = problem estmt = estimate bkgd = background gvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters. am't = amount cont'd = continued gov't = government educat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s. chpts = chapters egs = examples fs = frequencies intros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings. ckg = checking estg = establishing decrg = decreasing exptg = experimentingUse symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words. & = and w/ = with w/o = without vs = against \ = therefore = = is or equal Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--> resulting in ---> and / also + equal to / same as = following ff most importantly * less than < greater than > especially esp/Abbreviation---symbols from alphabet Y M W h m d d.=tomorrow .d=yesterday.2y e v Gwtwo years ago economy victory governmentBJ + 青（style) wel Oly不仅在北京，在2008北京奥运分会场和合作城市---青岛，人们也在用自己的方式表达着对奥运圣火的欢迎。
口译笔记速记符号大全
口译笔记速记符号归总1.Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.Leave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = compare e.g. = example dept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politics dem = democracy lib = liberal cap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentation subj = subject ind = individual cons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associate biol = biology info = information ach = achievement chem = chemistry max = maximumintro = introduction conc = concentration min = minimum rep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = prepared prblm = problem estmt = estimate bkgd = background gvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amount cont'd = continued gov't = government educat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chapters egs = examples fs = frequencies intros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checking estg = establishing decrg = decreasing exptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words. Leave out unimportant verbs. Examples: is was wereLeave out the words a and the. Leave out unnecessary articles. Examples:If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.@ at 2 to 4 for & and w/ with w/o without vs against & = and \ = therefore = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for example ibid = Latin, the same work o = degrees H2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:S = sum f = frequency+ plus // parallel+ 表示"多": many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.++(+2) 表示"多"的比较级：more+3 表示"多"的最高级：most－表示"少": little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.× 表示"错误"、"失误"和"坏"的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.> 表示"多于"概念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.表示"高" 概念：superior to，surpass, etc.< 表示"少于"概念：less/smaller，etc.表示"低"概念：inferior to，etc.= 表示"同等"概念：means，that is to say， in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.表示"对手"概念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.( ) 表示"在......之间"：among, within, etc.≠ 表示"不同"概念：be different from, etc.表示"无敌"概念：matchless, peerless, etc.～表示"大约"概念：about/around，or so， approximately, etc./ 表示"否定"，"消除"等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc.Use standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg example IT dept Information Technology department UK United KingdomCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/五、标点等: 表示各种各样"说"的动词：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.表示"问题"：question，issue，例如：台湾问题：tw?. (dot) 这个"."点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样".d"表示yesterday, ".y"表示last year, ".2m"表示two month ago。
口译速记符号大全(超实用)
E 表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数学 符号表示总值。
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L: Use technical symbols where applicable. zb = German, for example ibid = Latin, the same work o = degrees H2O = water
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2. Letters and images
For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.
K: Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words. & = and w/ = with w/o = without vs = against
I: Use g to represent ing endings. ckg = checking estg = establishing decrg = decreasing exptg = experimenting
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J: If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again.
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A "symbol" is anything, a mark, sign, letter or short word, used to represent a
thing, or group of synonymous concepts.
- Symbols should be clear and unambiguous
- Prepare symbols in advance, don't improvise mid-speech and save much
heart-ache.
- Consistent. If "E" is "energy" today, then let it stay that way. Find another
symbol for "environment"
The symbols here represent not only the word written alongside them but
rather all synonymous ideas, the exact version of which will be clear to you
in the context of the speech you are interpreting. So "change" might be
"reform" or "alter" depending on the context - you will remember. You don't
need a symbol for each word.
consequences development
relations agriculture
agreement environment
role energy
success trade
problem politics
repression democracy
impact work
country money
meeting inflation
industry
deficit surplus
look forward to change
want to need
know continue
decide join
propose listen/hear
lead to, cause say
promise attack
agree thanks
on the one hand always (toujours in
French)
...on the other hand until
on behalf of
from that time
on
as opposed to before
recently
more than/less
than
all any
now
similar end
start
ORGANIC SYMBOLS
就是一个符号做“根”扩展成一系列相关的符号。
最简单的就是把一个符号加下划线来表示加重语气，强调等。如 ：
big （大）..... big （very big 很大，非常大，特别大……）
你也可以用 划 双横线、波浪线、点线 来区分不同程度。
动词时态：
work work g work | | work | wôrk
working worked will work would work
词尾：
al
national (adjective)
ally
Nationally
ze
to nationalize
tn
nationalisation
o
national (noun), citizen
return, come back, reverse, regress
rise, increase, grow, climb etc.
fall, decline, slide, slip, drop, shrink,
exchange, relations,
lead to, consequence of, therefore
N
continue,
O
…
☺
pleased.
annoyed, unhappy, unimpressed, etc.
very unhappy, disgusted, etc
Õ
to think
ō
to know, (for me, the straight line denotes certainty, in
comparison to the squiggly line for “to think”.)
圆圈放在右上角可表示“人”
al national (adjective)
o
citizen
econ Economy econ
o
economist
E Energy E
o
Energy expert /supplier
Policy o politician
∩ that, which ∩
o
who
圆圈放在右下角可表示“地方”