2018高考英语 阅读理解-主旨大意(学生版)

2018届高三英语阅读理解专题之主旨大意

文章主旨和段落大意题常见的设题方式

题干中常含有main idea, mainly about, sum up, summarize等词。此类题的设题形式有：

1. The main idea of the passage is that ________.

2. What is the passage mainly about?

3. Which of the following statements can best sum up the passage?

4. Which of the following can summarize the main idea of the passage?

5. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?

6. The author's main purpose in writing this passage is to ________.

7. The first paragraph is mainly about ________.

8. What does the author tell us in Paragraph 1?

9. What does the author mostly want to tell us in the last paragraph?

【概括文章标题常见的设题方式】

题干中常有title, headline, be entitled等字眼。此类题的设题方式有：

1. The best title for the passage might be ________.

2. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

3. Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage?

【主旨大意题解题策略】

阅读时，文章的开头、结尾（或段落的段首、段尾）特别重要，因为它们往往包含文章的中心议题。有时候，文章（或段落）中没有明确的主题句，则需要我们根据所提供的信息归纳出文章（或段落）的主旨大意。同时要注意提炼文章的关键词。此外，标题类题目还要追求语言的生动和趣味性。

【主旨大意题应考技巧】

技巧1：速读头尾，明确主题技巧2：定位中心句

技巧3：无明显主题句时找高频词技巧4：同义概括，或取其一

【技巧1：速读头尾，明确主题】

大多数文章的主旨可能出现在开头或结尾，于是头尾显得很重要。因此，做主旨大意题时，我们可以先浏览一下头尾，试图抓住大意。

Passage 1

Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is

being spread and monitored (监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.

“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want t hem to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”

Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication-e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations-found that it tended to be more positive than negative (消极的), but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more ofte n simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.

Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused (激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”

【语篇解读】本文为议论文。俗话说，好事不出门，坏事传千里。但是研究者们通过跟踪和监控人们的电子邮件、网络帖子及评论、面对面会话等发现，人与人之间更多分享的是那些给人们带来积极情绪的好消息，而不是导致消极情绪的坏消息。

What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide

B. Online News Attracts More People

C. Reading Habits Change with the Times

D. Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks

【技巧2：定位中心句】

主题句的位置往往由文章体裁所决定。议论文主要是论述作者的某个观点，往往采用“总—分—总”的模式，第一段提出论点，然后是论据部分，最后一段得出结论（论点的重申），所以主题句常在第一段或最后一段。说明文则是说明一个事物的用途或制作过程，主题句一般在首段。而新闻报道却是报道一个人物事迹或重大事件等，主题句常出现在首段首句。记叙文